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Ivamoto-Suzuki ST, Celedón JM, Yuen MMS, Kitzberger CSG, Silva Domingues D, Bohlmann J, Protasio Pereira LF. Functional Characterization of ent-Copalyl Diphosphate Synthase and Kaurene Synthase Genes from Coffea arabica L. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:15863-15873. [PMID: 37816128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical profile of coffee beans translates directly into quality traits, nutraceutical and health promoting properties of the coffee beverage. Ent-kaurene is the ubiquitous precursor for gibberellin biosynthesis in plants, but it also serves as an intermediate in specialized (i.e., secondary) diterpenoid metabolism that leads to a diversity of more than 1,000 different metabolites. Nutraceutical effects on human health attributed to diterpenes include antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Cafestol (CAF) and kahweol (KAH) are two diterpenes found exclusively in the Coffea genus. Our objective was to identify and functionally characterize genes involved in the central step of ent-kaurene production. We identified 17 putative terpene synthase genes in the transcriptome of Coffea arabica. Two ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (CaCPS) and three kaurene synthase (CaKS) were selected and manually annotated. Transcript expression profiles of CaCPS1 and CaKS3 best matched the CAF and KAH metabolite profiles in different tissues. CaCPS1 and CaKS3 proteins were heterologously expressed and functionally characterized. CaCPS1 catalyzes the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CPP), which is converted to ent-kaurene by CaKS3. Knowledge about the central steps of diterpene formation in coffee provides a foundation for future characterization of the subsequent enzymes involved in CAF and KAH biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Tiemi Ivamoto-Suzuki
- Grupo de Genômica e Transcriptômica em Plantas, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CEP 13506-900 Rio Claro, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Brazil
| | - José Miguel Celedón
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Douglas Silva Domingues
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Departamento de Genética, Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900 Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Luiz Filipe Protasio Pereira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Café, 70770-901 Brasília, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Rural do Paraná, 86047-902 Londrina, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86057-970 Londrina, Brazil
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2
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Whitehill JGA, Yuen MMS, Chiang A, Ritland CE, Bohlmann J. Transcriptome features of stone cell development in weevil-resistant and susceptible Sitka spruce. New Phytol 2023; 239:2138-2152. [PMID: 37403300 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Stone cells are a specialized, highly lignified cell type found in both angiosperms and gymnosperms. In conifers, abundance of stone cells in the cortex provides a robust constitutive physical defense against stem feeding insects. Stone cells are a major insect-resistance trait in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), occurring in dense clusters in apical shoots of trees resistant (R) to spruce weevil (Pissodes strobi) but being rare in susceptible (S) trees. To learn more about molecular mechanisms of stone cell formation in conifers, we used laser microdissection and RNA sequencing to develop cell-type-specific transcriptomes of developing stone cells from R and S trees. Using light, immunohistochemical, and fluorescence microscopy, we also visualized the deposition of cellulose, xylan, and lignin associated with stone cell development. A total of 1293 genes were differentially expressed at higher levels in developing stone cells relative to cortical parenchyma. Genes with potential roles in stone cell secondary cell wall formation (SCW) were identified and their expression evaluated over a time course of stone cell formation in R and S trees. The expression of several transcriptional regulators was associated with stone cell formation, including a NAC family transcription factor and several genes annotated as MYB transcription factors with known roles in SCW formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G A Whitehill
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Forest Improvement and Research Management Branch, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, 7380 Puckle Road, Saanichton, BC, V8M 1W4, Canada
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Angela Chiang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Carol E Ritland
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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3
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Shalev TJ, Gamal El‐Dien O, Yuen MMS, van der Merwe L, Kirst M, Yanchuk AD, Ritland C, Russell JH, Bohlmann J. Genetic architecture of terpene chemistry and growth traits and the impact of inbreeding on these traits in western redcedar (
Thuja plicata
). Evol Appl 2023; 16:673-687. [PMID: 36969136 PMCID: PMC10033848 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Western redcedar (WRC; Thuja plicata) is a conifer of the Pacific Northwest of North America prized for its durable and rot-resistant wood. WRC has naturally low outcrossing rates and readily self-fertilizes in nature. Challenges faced in WRC breeding and propagation involve selecting trees for accelerated growth while also ensuring enhanced heartwood rot resistance and resistance to ungulate browsing, as well as mitigating potential effects of inbreeding depression. Terpenes, a large and diverse class of specialized metabolites, confer both rot and browse resistance in the wood and foliage of WRC, respectively. Using a Bayesian modelling approach, we isolated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers estimated to be associated with three different foliar terpene traits and four different heartwood terpene traits, as well as two growth traits. We found that all traits were complex, being associated with between 1700 and 3600 SNPs linked with putatively causal loci, with significant polygenic components. Growth traits tended to have a larger polygenic component while terpene traits had larger major gene components; SNPs with small or polygenic effect were spread across the genome, while larger-effect SNPs tended to be localized to specific linkage groups. To determine whether there was inbreeding depression for terpene chemistry or growth traits, we used mixed linear models for a genomic selection training population to estimate the effect of the inbreeding coefficient F on foliar terpenes, heartwood terpenes and several growth and dendrochronological traits. We did not find significant inbreeding depression for any assessed trait. We further assessed inbreeding depression across four generations of complete selfing and found that not only was inbreeding depression not significant but that selection for height growth was the only significant predictor for growth during selfing, suggesting that inbreeding depression due to selfing during operational breeding can be mitigated by increased selection intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal J. Shalev
- Michael Smith Laboratories University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Omnia Gamal El‐Dien
- Michael Smith Laboratories University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Macaire M. S. Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | | | - Matias Kirst
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatic Sciences University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Alvin D. Yanchuk
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Carol Ritland
- Michael Smith Laboratories University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - John H. Russell
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Joerg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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4
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Gamal El‐Dien O, Shalev TJ, Yuen MMS, Stirling R, Daniels LD, Breinholt JW, Neves LG, Kirst M, Van der Merwe L, Yanchuk AD, Ritland C, Russell JH, Bohlmann J. Genomic selection reveals hidden relatedness and increased breeding efficiency in western redcedar polycross breeding. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1291-1312. [PMID: 36051463 PMCID: PMC9423091 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Western redcedar (WRC) is an ecologically and economically important forest tree species characterized by low genetic diversity with high self-compatibility and high heartwood durability. Using sequence capture genotyping of target genic and non-genic regions, we genotyped 44 parent trees and 1520 offspring trees representing 26 polycross (PX) families collected from three progeny test sites using 45,378 SNPs. Trees were phenotyped for eight traits related to growth, heartwood and foliar chemistry associated with wood durability and deer browse resistance. We used the genomic realized relationship matrix for paternity assignment, maternal pedigree correction, and to estimate genetic parameters. We compared genomics-based (GBLUP) and two pedigree-based (ABLUP: polycross and reconstructed full-sib [FS] pedigrees) models. Models were extended to estimate dominance genetic effects. Pedigree reconstruction revealed significant unequal male contribution and separated the 26 PX families into 438 FS families. Traditional maternal PX pedigree analysis resulted in up to 51% overestimation in genetic gain and 44% in diversity. Genomic analysis resulted in up to 22% improvement in offspring breeding value (BV) theoretical accuracy, 35% increase in expected genetic gain for forward selection, and doubled selection intensity for backward selection. Overall, all traits showed low to moderate heritability (0.09-0.28), moderate genotype by environment interaction (type-B genetic correlation: 0.51-0.80), low to high expected genetic gain (6.01%-55%), and no significant negative genetic correlation reflecting no large trade-offs for multi-trait selection. Only three traits showed a significant dominance effect. GBLUP resulted in smaller but more accurate heritability estimates for five traits, but larger estimates for the wood traits. Comparison between all, genic-coding, genic-non-coding and intergenic SNPs showed little difference in genetic estimates. In summary, we show that GBLUP overcomes the PX limitations, successfully captures expected historical and hidden relatedness as well as linkage disequilibrium (LD), and results in increased breeding efficiency in WRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Gamal El‐Dien
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of PharmacyAlexandria UniversityAlexandriaEgypt
| | - Tal J. Shalev
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Macaire M. S. Yuen
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Lori D. Daniels
- Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Jesse W. Breinholt
- Rapid GenomicsGainesvilleFloridaUSA
- Intermountain HealthcareIntermountain Precision GenomicsSt. GeorgeUtahUSA
| | | | - Matias Kirst
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatic SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Lise Van der Merwe
- British Columbia Ministry of ForestsLands and Natural Resource Operations and Rural DevelopmentVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Alvin D. Yanchuk
- British Columbia Ministry of ForestsLands and Natural Resource Operations and Rural DevelopmentVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Carol Ritland
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - John H. Russell
- British Columbia Ministry of ForestsLands and Natural Resource Operations and Rural DevelopmentVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Joerg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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5
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Gagalova KK, Whitehill JGA, Culibrk L, Lin D, Lévesque-Tremblay V, Keeling CI, Coombe L, Yuen MMS, Birol I, Bohlmann J, Jones SJM. The genome of the forest insect pest Pissodes strobi reveals genome expansion and evidence of a Wolbachia endosymbiont. G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics 2022; 12:6529542. [PMID: 35171977 PMCID: PMC8982425 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The highly diverse insect family of true weevils, Curculionidae, includes many agricultural and forest pests. Pissodes strobi, commonly known as the spruce weevil or white pine weevil, is a major pest of spruce and pine forests in North America. Pissodes strobi larvae feed on the apical shoots of young trees, causing stunted growth and can destroy regenerating spruce or pine forests. Here, we describe the nuclear and mitochondrial Pissodes strobi genomes and their annotations, as well as the genome of an apparent Wolbachia endosymbiont. We report a substantial expansion of the weevil nuclear genome, relative to other Curculionidae species, possibly driven by an abundance of class II DNA transposons. The endosymbiont observed belongs to a group (supergroup A) of Wolbachia species that generally form parasitic relationships with their arthropod host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Gagalova
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z4S6, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Justin G A Whitehill
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Luka Culibrk
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z4S6, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Diana Lin
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z4S6, Canada
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | | | - Christopher I Keeling
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, QC G1V4C7, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, De Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Université Laval, Laval, QC G1V0A6, Canada
| | - Lauren Coombe
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z4S6, Canada
| | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Inanç Birol
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z4S6, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z4S6, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
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6
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Whitehill JGA, Yuen MMS, Bohlmann J. Constitutive and insect-induced transcriptomes of weevil-resistant and susceptible Sitka spruce. Plant Environ Interact 2021; 2:137-147. [PMID: 37283859 PMCID: PMC10168040 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spruce weevil (Pissodes strobi) is a significant pest of regenerating spruce (Picea) and pine (Pinus) forests in North America. Weevil larvae feed in the bark, phloem, cambium, and outer xylem of apical shoots, causing stunted growth or mortality of young trees. We identified and characterized constitutive and weevil-induced patterns of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) transcriptomes in weevil-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) trees using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and differential expression (DE) analyses. We developed a statistical model for the analysis of RNA-seq data from treatment experiments with a 2 × 3 factorial design to differentiate insect-induced responses from the effects of mechanical damage. Across the different comparisons, we identified two major transcriptome contrasts: A large set of genes that was constitutively DE between R and S trees, and another set of genes that was DE in weevil-induced S-trees. The constitutive transcriptome unique to R trees appeared to be attuned to defense, while the constitutive transcriptome unique to S trees was enriched for growth-related transcripts. Notably, a set of transcripts annotated as "fungal" was detected consistently in the transcriptomes. Fungal transcripts were identified as DE in the comparison of R and S trees and in the weevil-affected DE transcriptome of S trees, suggesting a potential microbiome role in this conifer-insect interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G. A. Whitehill
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Forestry and Environmental ResourcesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | - Macaire M. S. Yuen
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of BotanyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Forest and Conservation SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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7
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Booth JK, Yuen MMS, Jancsik S, Madilao LL, Page JE, Bohlmann J. Terpene Synthases and Terpene Variation in Cannabis sativa. Plant Physiol 2020; 184:130-147. [PMID: 32591428 PMCID: PMC7479917 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa) resin is the foundation of a multibillion dollar medicinal and recreational plant bioproducts industry. Major components of the cannabis resin are the cannabinoids and terpenes. Variations of cannabis terpene profiles contribute much to the different flavor and fragrance phenotypes that affect consumer preferences. A major problem in the cannabis industry is the lack of proper metabolic characterization of many of the existing cultivars, combined with sometimes incorrect cultivar labeling. We characterized foliar terpene profiles of plants grown from 32 seed sources and found large variation both within and between sets of plants labeled as the same cultivar. We selected five plants representing different cultivars with contrasting terpene profiles for clonal propagation, floral metabolite profiling, and trichome-specific transcriptome sequencing. Sequence analysis of these five cultivars and the reference genome of cv Purple Kush revealed a total of 33 different cannabis terpene synthase (CsTPS) genes, as well as variations of the CsTPS gene family and differential expression of terpenoid and cannabinoid pathway genes between cultivars. Our annotation of the cv Purple Kush reference genome identified 19 complete CsTPS gene models, and tandem arrays of isoprenoid and cannabinoid biosynthetic genes. An updated phylogeny of the CsTPS gene family showed three cannabis-specific clades, including a clade of sesquiterpene synthases within the TPS-b subfamily that typically contains mostly monoterpene synthases. The CsTPSs described and functionally characterized here include 13 that had not been previously characterized and that collectively explain a diverse range of cannabis terpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Booth
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Sharon Jancsik
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Lufiani L Madilao
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Jonathan E Page
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
- Aurora Cannabis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6B 3J5
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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8
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Irmisch S, Jancsik S, Yuen MMS, Madilao LL, Bohlmann J. Biosynthesis of the anti-diabetic metabolite montbretin A: glucosylation of the central intermediate mini-MbA. Plant J 2019; 100:879-891. [PMID: 31400245 PMCID: PMC6899944 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) affects over 320 million people worldwide. Healthy lifestyles, improved drugs and effective nutraceuticals are different components of a response against the growing T2D epidemic. The specialized metabolite montbretin A (MbA) is being developed for treatment of T2D and obesity due to its unique pharmacological activity as a highly effective and selective inhibitor of the human pancreatic α-amylase. MbA is an acylated flavonol glycoside found in small amounts in montbretia (Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora) corms. MbA cannot be obtained in sufficient quantities for drug development from its natural source or by chemical synthesis. To overcome these limitations through metabolic engineering, we are investigating the genes and enzymes of MbA biosynthesis. We previously reported the first three steps of MbA biosynthesis from myricetin to myricetin 3-O-(6'-O-caffeoyl)-glucosyl rhamnoside (mini-MbA). Here, we describe the sequence of reactions from mini-MbA to MbA, and the discovery and characterization of the gene and enzyme responsible for the glucosylation of mini-MbA. The UDP-dependent glucosyltransferase CcUGT3 (UGT703E1) catalyzes the 1,2-glucosylation of mini-MbA to produce myricetin 3-O-(glucosyl-6'-O-caffeoyl)-glucosyl rhamnoside. Co-expression of CcUGT3 with genes for myricetin and mini-MbA biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana validated its biological function and expanded the set of genes available for metabolic engineering of MbA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Irmisch
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British Columbia2185 East MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Sharon Jancsik
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British Columbia2185 East MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Macaire M. S. Yuen
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British Columbia2185 East MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Lufiani L. Madilao
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British Columbia2185 East MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith LaboratoriesUniversity of British Columbia2185 East MallVancouverBCV6T 1Z4Canada
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9
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Whitehill JGA, Yuen MMS, Henderson H, Madilao L, Kshatriya K, Bryan J, Jaquish B, Bohlmann J. Functions of stone cells and oleoresin terpenes in the conifer defense syndrome. New Phytol 2019; 221:1503-1517. [PMID: 30216451 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conifers depend on complex defense systems against herbivores. Stone cells (SC) and oleoresin are physical and chemical defenses of Sitka spruce that have been separately studied in previous work. Weevil oviposit at the tip of the previous year's apical shoot (PYAS). We investigated interactions between weevil larvae and trees in controlled oviposition experiments with resistant (R) and susceptible (S) Sitka spruce. R trees have an abundance of SC in the PYAS cortex. SC are mostly absent in S trees. R trees and S trees also differ in the composition of oleoresin terpenes. Transcriptomes of R and S trees revealed differences in long-term weevil-induced responses. Performance of larvae was significantly reduced on R trees compared with S trees under experimental conditions that mimicked natural oviposition behavior at apical shoot tips and may be attributed to the effects of SC. In oviposition experiments designed for larvae to feed below the area of highest SC abundance, larvae showed an unusual feeding behavior and oleoresin appeared to function as the major defense. The results support a role for both SC and oleoresin terpenes and possible synergies between these traits in the defense syndrome of weevil-resistant Sitka spruce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G A Whitehill
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hannah Henderson
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lina Madilao
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kristina Kshatriya
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jennifer Bryan
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Barry Jaquish
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Tree Improvement Branch, Kalamalka Forestry Centre, 3401 Reservoir Road, Vernon, BC, V1B 2C7, Canada
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 301-2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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10
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Celedon JM, Yuen MMS, Chiang A, Henderson H, Reid KE, Bohlmann J. Cell-type- and tissue-specific transcriptomes of the white spruce (Picea glauca) bark unmask fine-scale spatial patterns of constitutive and induced conifer defense. Plant J 2017; 92:710-726. [PMID: 28857307 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant defenses often involve specialized cells and tissues. In conifers, specialized cells of the bark are important for defense against insects and pathogens. Using laser microdissection, we characterized the transcriptomes of cortical resin duct cells, phenolic cells and phloem of white spruce (Picea glauca) bark under constitutive and methyl jasmonate (MeJa)-induced conditions, and we compared these transcriptomes with the transcriptome of the bark tissue complex. Overall, ~3700 bark transcripts were differentially expressed in response to MeJa. Approximately 25% of transcripts were expressed in only one cell type, revealing cell specialization at the transcriptome level. MeJa caused cell-type-specific transcriptome responses and changed the overall patterns of cell-type-specific transcript accumulation. Comparison of transcriptomes of the conifer bark tissue complex and specialized cells resolved a masking effect inherent to transcriptome analysis of complex tissues, and showed the actual cell-type-specific transcriptome signatures. Characterization of cell-type-specific transcriptomes is critical to reveal the dynamic patterns of spatial and temporal display of constitutive and induced defense systems in a complex plant tissue or organ. This was demonstrated with the improved resolution of spatially restricted expression of sets of genes of secondary metabolism in the specialized cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Celedon
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Angela Chiang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hannah Henderson
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Karen E Reid
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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11
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Robert JA, Bonnett T, Pitt C, Spooner LJ, Fraser J, Yuen MMS, Keeling CI, Bohlmann J, Huber DPW. Gene expression analysis of overwintering mountain pine beetle larvae suggests multiple systems involved in overwintering stress, cold hardiness, and preparation for spring development. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2109. [PMID: 27441109 PMCID: PMC4941763 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-induced mortality has historically been a key aspect of mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), population control, but little is known about the molecular basis for cold tolerance in this insect. We used RNA-seq analysis to monitor gene expression patterns of mountain pine beetle larvae at four time points during their overwintering period—early-autumn, late-autumn, early-spring, and late-spring. Changing transcript profiles over the winter indicates a multipronged physiological response from larvae that is broadly characterized by gene transcripts involved in insect immune responses and detoxification during the autumn. In the spring, although transcripts associated with developmental process are present, there was no particular biological process dominating the transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne A Robert
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tiffany Bonnett
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Caitlin Pitt
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luke J Spooner
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jordie Fraser
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Department of Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher I Keeling
- Department of Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia,Vancouver,British Columbia,Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University,Burnaby,British Columbia,Canada
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Department of Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dezene P W Huber
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Geisler K, Jensen NB, Yuen MMS, Madilao L, Bohlmann J. Modularity of Conifer Diterpene Resin Acid Biosynthesis: P450 Enzymes of Different CYP720B Clades Use Alternative Substrates and Converge on the Same Products. Plant Physiol 2016; 171:152-64. [PMID: 26936895 PMCID: PMC4854711 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 enzymes of the CYP720B subfamily play a central role in the biosynthesis of diterpene resin acids (DRAs), which are a major component of the conifer oleoresin defense system. CYP720Bs exist in families of up to a dozen different members in conifer genomes and fall into four different clades (I-IV). Only two CYP720B members, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) PtCYP720B1 and Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) PsCYP720B4, have been characterized previously. Both are multisubstrate and multifunctional clade III enzymes, which catalyze consecutive three-step oxidations in the conversion of diterpene olefins to DRAs. These reactions resemble the sequential diterpene oxidations affording ent-kaurenoic acid from ent-kaurene in gibberellin biosynthesis. Here, we functionally characterized the CYP720B clade I enzymes CYP720B2 and CYP720B12 in three different conifer species, Sitka spruce, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), and jack pine (Pinus banksiana), and compared their activities with those of the clade III enzymes CYP720B1 and CYP720B4 of the same species. Unlike the clade III enzymes, clade I enzymes were ultimately found not to be active with diterpene olefins but converted the recently discovered, unstable diterpene synthase product 13-hydroxy-8(14)-abietene. Through alternative routes, CYP720B enzymes of both clades produce some of the same profiles of conifer oleoresin DRAs (abietic acid, neoabietic acid, levopimaric acid, and palustric acid), while clade III enzymes also function in the formation of pimaric acid, isopimaric acid, and sandaracopimaric acid. These results highlight the modularity of the specialized (i.e. secondary) diterpene metabolism, which produces conifer defense metabolites through variable combinations of different diterpene synthase and CYP720B enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Geisler
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Niels Berg Jensen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Lina Madilao
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
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13
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Celedon JM, Chiang A, Yuen MMS, Diaz-Chavez ML, Madilao LL, Finnegan PM, Barbour EL, Bohlmann J. Heartwood-specific transcriptome and metabolite signatures of tropical sandalwood (Santalum album) reveal the final step of (Z)-santalol fragrance biosynthesis. Plant J 2016; 86:289-299. [PMID: 26991058 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tropical sandalwood (Santalum album) produces one of the world's most highly prized fragrances, which is extracted from mature heartwood. However, in some places such as southern India, natural populations of this slow-growing tree are threatened by over-exploitation. Sandalwood oil contains four major and fragrance-defining sesquiterpenols: (Z)-α-santalol, (Z)-β-santalol, (Z)-epi-β-santalol and (Z)-α-exo-bergamotol. The first committed step in their biosynthesis is catalyzed by a multi-product santalene/bergamotene synthase. Sandalwood cytochromes P450 of the CYP76F sub-family were recently shown to hydroxylate santalenes and bergamotene; however, these enzymes produced mostly (E)-santalols and (E)-α-exo-bergamotol. We hypothesized that different santalene/bergamotene hydroxylases evolved in S. album to stereo-selectively produce (E)- or (Z)-sesquiterpenols, and that genes encoding (Z)-specific P450s contribute to sandalwood oil formation if co-expressed in the heartwood with upstream genes of sesquiterpene biosynthesis. This hypothesis was validated by the discovery of a heartwood-specific transcriptome signature for sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis, including highly expressed SaCYP736A167 transcripts. We characterized SaCYP736A167 as a multi-substrate P450, which stereo-selectively produces (Z)-α-santalol, (Z)-β-santalol, (Z)-epi-β-santalol and (Z)-α-exo-bergamotol, matching authentic sandalwood oil. This work completes the discovery of the biosynthetic enzymes of key components of sandalwood fragrance, and highlights the evolutionary diversification of stereo-selective P450s in sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis. Bioengineering of microbial systems using SaCYP736A167, combined with santalene/bergamotene synthase, has potential for development of alternative industrial production systems for sandalwood oil fragrances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Celedon
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Angela Chiang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Maria L Diaz-Chavez
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lufiani L Madilao
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Patrick M Finnegan
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L Barbour
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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14
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Gesell A, Blaukopf M, Madilao L, Yuen MMS, Withers SG, Mattsson J, Russell JH, Bohlmann J. The gymnosperm cytochrome P450 CYP750B1 catalyzes stereospecific monoterpene hydroxylation of (+)-sabinene in thujone biosynthesis in western redcedar. Plant Physiol 2015; 168:94-106. [PMID: 25829465 PMCID: PMC4424034 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Western redcedar (WRC; Thuja plicata) produces high amounts of oxygenated thujone monoterpenoids associated with resistance against herbivore feeding, particularly ungulate browsing. Thujones and other monoterpenoids accumulate in glandular structures in the foliage of WRC. Thujones are produced from (+)-sabinene by sabinol and sabinone. Using metabolite analysis, enzyme assays with WRC tissue extracts, cloning, and functional characterization of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, we established that trans-sabin-3-ol but not cis-sabin-3-ol is the intermediate in thujone biosynthesis in WRC. Based on transcriptome analysis, full-length complementary DNA cloning, and characterization of expressed P450 proteins, we identified CYP750B1 and CYP76AA25 as the enzymes that catalyze the hydroxylation of (+)-sabinene to trans-sabin-3-ol. Gene-specific transcript analysis in contrasting WRC genotypes producing high and low amounts of monoterpenoids, including a glandless low-terpenoid clone, as well as assays for substrate specificity supported a biological role of CYP750B1 in α- and β-thujone biosynthesis. This P450 belongs to the apparently gymnosperm-specific CYP750 family and is, to our knowledge, the first member of this family to be functionally characterized. In contrast, CYP76AA25 has a broader substrate spectrum, also converting the sesquiterpene farnesene and the herbicide isoproturon, and its transcript profiles are not well correlated with thujone accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Gesell
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (A.G., L.M., M.M.S.Y., J.B.);Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 (M.B., S.G.W.);Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6 (J.M.); andBritish Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Cowichan Lake Research Station, Mesachie Lake, British Columbia, Canada V0R 2N0 (J.H.R.)
| | - Markus Blaukopf
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (A.G., L.M., M.M.S.Y., J.B.);Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 (M.B., S.G.W.);Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6 (J.M.); andBritish Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Cowichan Lake Research Station, Mesachie Lake, British Columbia, Canada V0R 2N0 (J.H.R.)
| | - Lina Madilao
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (A.G., L.M., M.M.S.Y., J.B.);Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 (M.B., S.G.W.);Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6 (J.M.); andBritish Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Cowichan Lake Research Station, Mesachie Lake, British Columbia, Canada V0R 2N0 (J.H.R.)
| | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (A.G., L.M., M.M.S.Y., J.B.);Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 (M.B., S.G.W.);Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6 (J.M.); andBritish Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Cowichan Lake Research Station, Mesachie Lake, British Columbia, Canada V0R 2N0 (J.H.R.)
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (A.G., L.M., M.M.S.Y., J.B.);Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 (M.B., S.G.W.);Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6 (J.M.); andBritish Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Cowichan Lake Research Station, Mesachie Lake, British Columbia, Canada V0R 2N0 (J.H.R.)
| | - Jim Mattsson
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (A.G., L.M., M.M.S.Y., J.B.);Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 (M.B., S.G.W.);Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6 (J.M.); andBritish Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Cowichan Lake Research Station, Mesachie Lake, British Columbia, Canada V0R 2N0 (J.H.R.)
| | - John H Russell
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (A.G., L.M., M.M.S.Y., J.B.);Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 (M.B., S.G.W.);Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6 (J.M.); andBritish Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Cowichan Lake Research Station, Mesachie Lake, British Columbia, Canada V0R 2N0 (J.H.R.)
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 (A.G., L.M., M.M.S.Y., J.B.);Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 (M.B., S.G.W.);Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6 (J.M.); andBritish Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Cowichan Lake Research Station, Mesachie Lake, British Columbia, Canada V0R 2N0 (J.H.R.)
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15
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Janes JK, Li Y, Keeling CI, Yuen MMS, Boone CK, Cooke JEK, Bohlmann J, Huber DPW, Murray BW, Coltman DW, Sperling FAH. How the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) breached the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 31:1803-15. [PMID: 24803641 PMCID: PMC4069619 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins), a major pine forest pest native to western North America, has extended its range north and eastward during an ongoing outbreak. Determining how the MPB has expanded its range to breach putative barriers, whether physical (nonforested prairie and high elevation of the Rocky Mountains) or climatic (extreme continental climate where temperatures can be below −40 °C), may contribute to our general understanding of range changes as well as management of the current epidemic. Here, we use a panel of 1,536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess population genetic structure, connectivity, and signals of selection within this MPB range expansion. Biallelic SNPs in MPB from southwestern Canada revealed higher genetic differentiation and lower genetic connectivity than in the northern part of its range. A total of 208 unique SNPs were identified using different outlier detection tests, of which 32 returned annotations for products with putative functions in cholesterol synthesis, actin filament contraction, and membrane transport. We suggest that MPB has been able to spread beyond its previous range by adjusting its cellular and metabolic functions, with genome scale differentiation enabling populations to better withstand cooler climates and facilitate longer dispersal distances. Our study is the first to assess landscape-wide selective adaptation in an insect. We have shown that interrogation of genomic resources can identify shifts in genetic diversity and putative adaptive signals in this forest pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine K Janes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaAlberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yisu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Celia K Boone
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Janice E K Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joerg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dezene P W Huber
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Brent W Murray
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - David W Coltman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Felix A H Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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16
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Robert JA, Pitt C, Bonnett TR, Yuen MMS, Keeling CI, Bohlmann J, Huber DPW. Disentangling detoxification: gene expression analysis of feeding mountain pine beetle illuminates molecular-level host chemical defense detoxification mechanisms. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77777. [PMID: 24223726 PMCID: PMC3815198 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae, is a native species of bark beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) that caused unprecedented damage to the pine forests of British Columbia and other parts of western North America and is currently expanding its range into the boreal forests of central and eastern Canada and the USA. We conducted a large-scale gene expression analysis (RNA-seq) of mountain pine beetle male and female adults either starved or fed in male-female pairs for 24 hours on lodgepole pine host tree tissues. Our aim was to uncover transcripts involved in coniferophagous mountain pine beetle detoxification systems during early host colonization. Transcripts of members from several gene families significantly increased in insects fed on host tissue including: cytochromes P450, glucosyl transferases and glutathione S-transferases, esterases, and one ABC transporter. Other significantly increasing transcripts with potential roles in detoxification of host defenses included alcohol dehydrogenases and a group of unexpected transcripts whose products may play an, as yet, undiscovered role in host colonization by mountain pine beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne A. Robert
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Caitlin Pitt
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Tiffany R. Bonnett
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
| | - Macaire M. S. Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dezene P. W. Huber
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada
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17
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Hall DE, Yuen MMS, Jancsik S, Quesada AL, Dullat HK, Li M, Henderson H, Arango-Velez A, Liao NY, Docking RT, Chan SK, Cooke JEK, Breuil C, Jones SJM, Keeling CI, Bohlmann J. Transcriptome resources and functional characterization of monoterpene synthases for two host species of the mountain pine beetle, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana). BMC Plant Biol 2013; 13:80. [PMID: 23679205 PMCID: PMC3668260 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemic has affected lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) across an area of more than 18 million hectares of pine forests in western Canada, and is a threat to the boreal jack pine (Pinus banksiana) forest. Defence of pines against MPB and associated fungal pathogens, as well as other pests, involves oleoresin monoterpenes, which are biosynthesized by families of terpene synthases (TPSs). Volatile monoterpenes also serve as host recognition cues for MPB and as precursors for MPB pheromones. The genes responsible for terpene biosynthesis in jack pine and lodgepole pine were previously unknown. RESULTS We report the generation and quality assessment of assembled transcriptome resources for lodgepole pine and jack pine using Sanger, Roche 454, and Illumina sequencing technologies. Assemblies revealed transcripts for approximately 20,000 - 30,000 genes from each species and assembly analyses led to the identification of candidate full-length prenyl transferase, TPS, and P450 genes of oleoresin biosynthesis. We cloned and functionally characterized, via expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli, nine different jack pine and eight different lodgepole pine mono-TPSs. The newly identified lodgepole pine and jack pine mono-TPSs include (+)-α-pinene synthases, (-)-α-pinene synthases, (-)-β-pinene synthases, (+)-3-carene synthases, and (-)-β-phellandrene synthases from each of the two species. CONCLUSION In the absence of genome sequences, transcriptome assemblies are important for defence gene discovery in lodgepole pine and jack pine, as demonstrated here for the terpenoid pathway genes. The product profiles of the functionally annotated mono-TPSs described here can account for the major monoterpene metabolites identified in lodgepole pine and jack pine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn E Hall
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Macaire M S Yuen
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sharon Jancsik
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Alfonso Lara Quesada
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Harpreet K Dullat
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Maria Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Hannah Henderson
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Adriana Arango-Velez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Nancy Y Liao
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Roderick T Docking
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Simon K Chan
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Janice EK Cooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Colette Breuil
- Department of Wood Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Steven JM Jones
- British Columbia Cancer Agency Genome Sciences Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4E6, Canada
| | - Christopher I Keeling
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jörg Bohlmann
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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18
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Andersson MN, Grosse-Wilde E, Keeling CI, Bengtsson JM, Yuen MMS, Li M, Hillbur Y, Bohlmann J, Hansson BS, Schlyter F. Antennal transcriptome analysis of the chemosensory gene families in the tree killing bark beetles, Ips typographus and Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). BMC Genomics 2013; 14:198. [PMID: 23517120 PMCID: PMC3610139 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, and the North American mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), are severe pests of coniferous forests. Both bark beetle species utilize aggregation pheromones to coordinate mass-attacks on host trees, while odorants from host and non-host trees modulate the pheromone response. Thus, the bark beetle olfactory sense is of utmost importance for fitness. However, information on the genes underlying olfactory detection has been lacking in bark beetles and is limited in Coleoptera. We assembled antennal transcriptomes from next-generation sequencing of I. typographus and D. ponderosae to identify members of the major chemosensory multi-gene families. Results Gene ontology (GO) annotation indicated that the relative abundance of transcripts associated with specific GO terms was highly similar in the two species. Transcripts with terms related to olfactory function were found in both species. Focusing on the chemosensory gene families, we identified 15 putative odorant binding proteins (OBP), 6 chemosensory proteins (CSP), 3 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMP), 43 odorant receptors (OR), 6 gustatory receptors (GR), and 7 ionotropic receptors (IR) in I. typographus; and 31 putative OBPs, 11 CSPs, 3 SNMPs, 49 ORs, 2 GRs, and 15 IRs in D. ponderosae. Predicted protein sequences were compared with counterparts in the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, the cerambycid beetle, Megacyllene caryae, and the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The most notable result was found among the ORs, for which large bark beetle-specific expansions were found. However, some clades contained receptors from all four beetle species, indicating a degree of conservation among some coleopteran OR lineages. Putative GRs for carbon dioxide and orthologues for the conserved antennal IRs were included in the identified receptor sets. Conclusions The protein families important for chemoreception have now been identified in three coleopteran species (four species for the ORs). Thus, this study allows for improved evolutionary analyses of coleopteran olfaction. Identification of these proteins in two of the most destructive forest pests, sharing many semiochemicals, is especially important as they might represent novel targets for population control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin N Andersson
- Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden.
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