1
|
Genardi S, Morgun E, Wang CR. CD1-Restricted T Cells in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:768-773. [PMID: 34130802 PMCID: PMC8665943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity results from the breaking of immune tolerance, leading to inflammation and pathology. Although well studied in the conventional T-cell field, the role of nonconventional T cells in autoimmunity is less understood. CD1-restricted T cells recognize lipid antigens rather than peptide antigens and have been implicated in various autoimmune skin conditions, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In this review, we will discuss the self-lipids that CD1-restricted T cells recognize and how these T cells become aberrantly regulated in pathogenic skin conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Genardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg
School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Eva Morgun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg
School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg
School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liggett JR, Kang J, Ranjit S, Rodriguez O, Loh K, Patil D, Cui Y, Duttargi A, Nguyen S, He B, Lee Y, Oza K, Frank BS, Kwon D, Li HH, Kallakury B, Libby A, Levi M, Robson SC, Fishbein TM, Cui W, Albanese C, Khan K, Kroemer A. Oral N-acetylcysteine decreases IFN-γ production and ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury in steatotic livers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898799. [PMID: 36148239 PMCID: PMC9486542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Natural Killer T-cells (NKT1 cells) play a critical role in mediating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Although hepatic steatosis is a major risk factor for preservation type injury, how NKT cells impact this is understudied. Given NKT1 cell activation by phospholipid ligands recognized presented by CD1d, we hypothesized that NKT1 cells are key modulators of hepatic IRI because of the increased frequency of activating ligands in the setting of hepatic steatosis. We first demonstrate that IRI is exacerbated by a high-fat diet (HFD) in experimental murine models of warm partial ischemia. This is evident in the evaluation of ALT levels and Phasor-Fluorescence Lifetime (Phasor-FLIM) Imaging for glycolytic stress. Polychromatic flow cytometry identified pronounced increases in CD45+CD3+NK1.1+NKT1 cells in HFD fed mice when compared to mice fed a normal diet (ND). This observation is further extended to IRI, measuring ex vivo cytokine expression in the HFD and ND. Much higher interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) expression is noted in the HFD mice after IRI. We further tested our hypothesis by performing a lipidomic analysis of hepatic tissue and compared this to Phasor-FLIM imaging using "long lifetime species", a byproduct of lipid oxidation. There are higher levels of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in HFD mice. Since N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is able to limit hepatic steatosis, we tested how oral NAC supplementation in HFD mice impacted IRI. Interestingly, oral NAC supplementation in HFD mice results in improved hepatic enhancement using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to HFD control mice and normalization of glycolysis demonstrated by Phasor-FLIM imaging. This correlated with improved biochemical serum levels and a decrease in IFN-γ expression at a tissue level and from CD45+CD3+CD1d+ cells. Lipidomic evaluation of tissue in the HFD+NAC mice demonstrated a drastic decrease in triacylglycerol, suggesting downregulation of the PPAR-γ pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jedson R Liggett
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Surgery, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, United States
| | - Jiman Kang
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States.,Microscopy & Imaging Shared Resource, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Katrina Loh
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Digvijay Patil
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yuki Cui
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anju Duttargi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sang Nguyen
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Britney He
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yichien Lee
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kesha Oza
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brett S Frank
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - DongHyang Kwon
- Department of Pathology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Heng-Hong Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Bhaskar Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Andrew Libby
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, & Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Simon C Robson
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thomas M Fishbein
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Wanxing Cui
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Chris Albanese
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.,Department of Radiology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Khalid Khan
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alexander Kroemer
- MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital and the Center for Translational Transplant Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scheinman PL, Vocanson M, Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Nixon RL, Dear K, Botto NC, Morot J, Goldminz AM. Contact dermatitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:38. [PMID: 34045488 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Contact dermatitis (CD) is among the most common inflammatory dermatological conditions and includes allergic CD, photoallergic CD, irritant CD, photoirritant CD (also called phototoxic CD) and protein CD. Occupational CD can be of any type and is the most prevalent occupational skin disease. Each CD type is characterized by different immunological mechanisms and/or requisite exposures. Clinical manifestations of CD vary widely and multiple subtypes may occur simultaneously. The diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, thorough exposure assessment and evaluation with techniques such as patch testing and skin-prick testing. Management is based on patient education, avoidance strategies of specific substances, and topical treatments; in severe or recalcitrant cases, which can negatively affect the quality of life of patients, systemic medications may be needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Scheinman
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR, 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosemary L Nixon
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Dear
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nina C Botto
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Morot
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR, 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Ari M Goldminz
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nazimek K, Bryniarski K, Askenase PW. Functions of Exosomes and Microbial Extracellular Vesicles in Allergy and Contact and Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2016; 171:1-26. [PMID: 27820941 PMCID: PMC5131095 DOI: 10.1159/000449249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are newly recognized intercellular conveyors of functional molecular mechanisms. Notably, they transfer RNAs and proteins between different cells that can then participate in the complex pathogenesis of allergic and related hypersensitivity responses and disease mechanisms, as described herein. This review highlights this important new appreciation of the in vivo participation of such extracellular vesicles in the interactions between allergy-mediating cells. We take into account paracrine epigenetic exchanges mediated by surrounding stromal cells and the endocrine receipt of exosomes from distant cells via the circulation. Exosomes are natural ancient nanoparticles of life. They are made by all cells and in some form by all species down to fungi and bacteria, and are present in all fluids. Besides a new focus on their role in the transmission of genetic regulation, exosome transfer of allergens was recently shown to induce allergic inflammation. Importantly, regulatory and tolerogenic exosomes can potently inhibit allergy and hypersensitivity responses, usually acting nonspecifically, but can also proceed in an antigen-specific manner due to the coating of the exosome surface with antibodies. Deep analysis of processes mediated by exosomes should result in the development of early diagnostic biomarkers, as well as allergen-specific, preventive and therapeutic strategies. These will likely significantly diminish the risks of current allergen-specific parenteral desensitization procedures, and of the use of systemic immunosuppressive drugs. Since extracellular vesicles are physiological, they can be fashioned for the specific delivery of therapeutic molecular instructions through easily tolerated, noninvasive routes, such as oral ingestion, nasal administration, and perhaps even inhalation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Philip W. Askenase
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yamamoto N, Kerfoot SM, Hutchinson AT, Dela Cruz CS, Nakazawa N, Szczepanik M, Majewska-Szczepanik M, Nazimek K, Ohana N, Bryniarski K, Mori T, Muramatsu M, Kanemitsu K, Askenase PW. Expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase enhances the clearance of pneumococcal pneumonia: evidence of a subpopulation of protective anti-pneumococcal B1a cells. Immunology 2016; 147:97-113. [PMID: 26456931 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a protective early acquired immune response to pneumococcal pneumonia that is mediated by a subset of B1a cells. Mice deficient in B1 cells (xid), or activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID(-/-) ), or invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells (Jα18(-/-) ), or interleukin-13 (IL-13(-/-) ) had impaired early clearance of pneumococci in the lung, compared with wild-type mice. In contrast, AID(-/-) mice adoptively transferred with AID(+/+) B1a cells, significantly cleared bacteria from the lungs as early as 3 days post infection. We show that this early bacterial clearance corresponds to an allergic contact sensitivity-like cutaneous response, probably due to a subpopulation of initiating B1a cells. In the pneumonia model, these B1a cells were found to secrete higher affinity antigen-specific IgM. In addition, as in contact sensitivity, iNKT cells were required for the anti-pneumococcal B1a cell initiating response, probably through early production of IL-13, given that IL-13(-/-) mice also failed to clear infection. Our study is the first to demonstrate the importance of AID in generating an appropriate B1a cell response to pathogenic bacteria. Given the antibody affinity and pneumonia resistance data, natural IgM produced by conventional B1a cells are not responsible for pneumonia clearance compared with the AID-dependent subset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuo Yamamoto
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Japan
| | - Steven M Kerfoot
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew T Hutchinson
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Naomi Nakazawa
- Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Japan
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Medical Biology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Majewska-Szczepanik
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Medical Biology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nazimek
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Noboru Ohana
- Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Japan
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tsutomu Mori
- Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Japan
| | - Masamichi Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keiji Kanemitsu
- Department of Infection Control, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Japan
| | - Philip W Askenase
- Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martins JD, Maciel EA, Silva A, Ferreira I, Ricardo F, Domingues P, Neves BM, Domingues MRM, Cruz MT. Phospholipidomic Profile Variation on THP-1 Cells Exposed to Skin or Respiratory Sensitizers and Respiratory Irritant. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2639-51. [PMID: 26946329 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to low molecular weight reactive chemicals often leads to development of allergic reactions such as allergic contact dermatitis and respiratory allergies. Further insights into the interaction of these chemicals with physiopathological relevant cellular models might provide the foundations for novel non-animal approaches to safety assessment. In this work we used the human THP-1 cell line to determine phospholipidome changes induced by the skin sensitizer 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB), the respiratory allergen hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), and the irritant methyl salicylate (MESA). We detected that these chemicals differently induce lipid peroxidation and modulate THP-1 IL-1β, IL-12B, IL-8, CD86, and HMOX1 transcription. Decreased phosphatidylethanolamine content was detected in cells exposed to MESA, while profound alterations in the relative abundance of cardiolipin species were observed in cells exposed to DNFB. All chemicals tested induced a decrease in the relative abundance of plasmanyl phosphatidylcholine species PC (O-16:0e/18:1) and phosphatidylinositol species PI (34:1), while increasing PI (38:4). An increased abundance of oleic acid was observed in the phospholipids of cells exposed to DNFB while a decreased abundance of palmitic acid was detected in cells treated with MESA or DNFB. We conclude that both specific and common alterations at phospholipidome levels are triggered by the different chemicals, while not allowing a complete distinction between them using a Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates (CAP). The common effects observed at phospholipids level with all the chemicals tested might be related to unspecific cell cytotoxic mechanisms that nevertheless may contribute to the elicitation of specific immune responses. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2639-2651, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João D Martins
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete A Maciel
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Departament of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ricardo
- Departament of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Neves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Askenase PW, Bryniarski K, Paliwal V, Redegeld F, Groot Kormelink T, Kerfoot S, Hutchinson AT, van Loveren H, Campos R, Itakura A, Majewska-Szczepanik M, Yamamoto N, Nazimek K, Szczepanik M, Ptak W. A subset of AID-dependent B-1a cells initiates hypersensitivity and pneumococcal pneumonia resistance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1362:200-14. [PMID: 26662721 PMCID: PMC4681304 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We propose that there is a special B-1a B cell subset ("sB-1a" cells) that mediates linked processes very early after immunization to initiate cutaneous contact sensitivity (CS), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), and immune resistance to pneumococcal pneumonia. Our published data indicate that in CS and DTH, these initiating processes are required for elicitation of the delayed onset and late-occurring classical T cell-mediated responses. sB-1a cells resemble memory B2 cells, as they are stimulated within 1 h of immunization and depend on T helper cytokines-uniquely IL-4 from hepatic iNKT cells--for activation and rapid migration from the peritoneal cavity to the spleen to secrete IgM antibody (Ab) and Ab-derived free light chains (FLCs) by only 1 day after immunization. Unlike conventional B-1a (cB-1a) cell-produced IgM natural Ab, IgM Ab produced by sB-1a cells has high Ag affinity owing to immunoglobulin V-region mutations induced by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). The dominant cB-1a cells are increased in immunized AID-deficient mice but do not mediate initiation, CS, or pneumonia resistance because natural Ab has relatively low Ag affinity because of unmutated germ-line V regions. In CS and DTH, sB-1a IgM Ag affinity is sufficiently high to mediate complement activation for generation of C5a that, together with vasoactive mediators such as TNF-α released by FLC-sensitized mast cells, activate local endothelium for extravascular recruitment of effector T cells. We conclude by discussing the possibility of functional sB-1 cells in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip W Askenase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Vipin Paliwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Groot Kormelink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Steven Kerfoot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andrew T Hutchinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Henk van Loveren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Regis Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Atsuko Itakura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Natsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Katarzyn Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Department of Medical Biology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wold Ptak
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
Svalgaard JD, Særmark C, Dall M, Buschard K, Johansen JD, Engkilde K. Systemic immunogenicity of para-Phenylenediamine and Diphenylcyclopropenone: two potent contact allergy-inducing haptens. Immunol Res 2014; 58:40-50. [PMID: 24385090 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-013-8482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
p-Phenylenediamine (PPD) and Diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) are two potent haptens. Both haptens are known to cause delayed-type hypersensitivity, involving a cytokine response and local infiltration of T-cell subpopulations, resulting in contact dermatitis. We investigated the systemic immune effects of PPD and DPCP, two relatively unexplored skin allergens. The dorsal sides of the ears of BALB/c mice were exposed to PPD or DPCP (0.1% w/v or 0.01% w/v), or vehicle alone. Mice were treated once daily for 3 days (induction period) and subsequently twice per week for 8 weeks. Local and systemic immune responses in the auricular and pancreatic lymph nodes, spleen, liver, serum, and ears were analyzed with cytokine profiling MSD, flow cytometry, and qPCR. Ear swelling increased significantly in mice treated with 1% PPD, 0.01% DPCP or 0.1% DPCP, compared with vehicle treatment, indicating that the mice were sensitized and that there was a local inflammation. Auricular lymph nodes, pancreatic lymph nodes, spleen, and liver showed changes in regulatory T-cell, B-cell, and NKT-cell frequencies, and increased activation of CD8(+) T cells and B cells. Intracellular cytokine profiling revealed an increase in the IFN-γ- and IL-4-positive NKT cells present in the liver following treatment with both haptens. Moreover, we saw a tendency toward a systemic increase in IL-17A. We observed systemic immunological effects of PPD and DPCP. Furthermore, concentrations too low to increase ear thickness and cause clinical symptoms may still prime the immune system. These systemic immunological effects may potentially predispose individuals to certain diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Dyrendom Svalgaard
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity, autoimmune reactions, and tumor regression: plausibility of mediating antitumor immunity. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:175265. [PMID: 24949488 PMCID: PMC4052058 DOI: 10.1155/2014/175265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Haptens are small molecule irritants that bind to proteins and elicit an immune response. Haptens have been commonly used to study allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) using animal contact hypersensitivity (CHS) models. However, extensive research into contact hypersensitivity has offered a confusing and intriguing mechanism of allergic reactions occurring in the skin. The abilities of haptens to induce such reactions have been frequently utilized to study the mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to induce autoimmune-like responses such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia and to elicit viral wart and tumor regression. Hapten-induced tumor regression has been studied since the mid-1900s and relies on four major concepts: (1) ex vivo haptenation, (2) in situ haptenation, (3) epifocal hapten application, and (4) antigen-hapten conjugate injection. Each of these approaches elicits unique responses in mice and humans. The present review attempts to provide a critical appraisal of the hapten-mediated tumor treatments and offers insights for future development of the field.
Collapse
|
11
|
Curzytek K, Kubera M, Szczepanik M, Basta-Kaim A, Leśkiewicz M, Budziszewska B, Lasoń W, Maes M. Crosstalk between contact hypersensitivity reaction and antidepressant drugs. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:1673-80. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
12
|
Jiang X, Chen Y, Peng H, Tian Z. Memory NK cells: why do they reside in the liver? Cell Mol Immunol 2013; 10:196-201. [PMID: 23563088 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2013.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune memory is the hallmark of adaptive immunity. However, recent studies have shown that natural killer (NK) cells, key components of the innate immune system, also mediate memory responses in mice and humans. Strikingly, memory NK cells were liver-resident in some models, raising the question as to whether the liver is a special organ for the acquisition of NK cell memory. Here, we review the characteristics of NK cell memory by summarizing recent progress and discuss how the liver may generate both the initiation and the recall phase of memory. We propose that the liver may have unique precursors for memory NK cells, which are developmentally distinct from NK cells derived from bone marrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Hefei, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Invariant NKT cells suppress CD8(+) T-cell-mediated allergic contact dermatitis independently of regulatory CD4(+) T cells. J Invest Dermatol 2012. [PMID: 23190881 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells expressing a CD1d-restricted invariant αβTCR have key regulatory roles in autoimmunity, pathogen immunity, and tumor surveillance, but their function in the control of allergic skin diseases remains poorly documented. Using a model of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) to the hapten DNFB, we show here that iNKT cell deficiency results in enhanced skin inflammation due to augmented hapten-specific IFN-γ-producing CD8(+) effectors in skin draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and their massive recruitment into the allergen-exposed skin. Adoptive transfer and antibody depletion experiments as well as in vitro studies revealed that iNKT cells (1) reduce the severity of CHS, even in presensitized mice, (2) require hapten presentation by CD1d(+) dendritic cells (DCs) to dampen skin inflammation, and (3) produce IL-4 and IL-13 after CD1d-dependent in vitro stimulation by hapten-loaded DCs only in the presence of IFN-γ released from activated CD8(+) effector T cells. In corollary, mice double deficient in IL-4 and IL-13 exhibit an exacerbated CHS. Finally, iNKT-suppressive function is independent of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs). These data highlight that, besides Foxp3(+) Tregs, iNKT cells are potent downregulators of CD8(+) T cell-mediated CHS, and underscore that both cell types are important for the regulation of allergic skin inflammation.
Collapse
|
14
|
Balato A, Zhao Y, Harberts E, Groleau P, Liu J, Fishelevich R, Gaspari AA. CD1d-dependent, iNKT-cell cytotoxicity against keratinocytes in allergic contact dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2012; 21:915-20. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology; University of Maryland; Baltimore; MD; USA
| | | | - Patricia Groleau
- Department of Dermatology; University of Maryland; Baltimore; MD; USA
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Dermatology; University of Maryland; Baltimore; MD; USA
| | - Rita Fishelevich
- Department of Dermatology; University of Maryland; Baltimore; MD; USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Martin SF. Allergic contact dermatitis: xenoinflammation of the skin. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:720-9. [PMID: 22980498 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many xenobiotic chemicals cause sterile inflammation. This xenoinflammation is often induced by protein reactive contact allergens resulting in allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Recent findings reveal that these chemicals mimick infection by triggering innate immune responses via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and endogenous danger signals. The emerging cellular responses in ACD are mediated by various innate effector cells. Here, an important role for mast cells has now been recognized. Eventually, chemical specific T cells such as CD8+ and CD4+ Tc1/Th1 as well as Tc17/Th17 cells are activated. Langerhans cells may serve a tolerogenic function. The mechanisms of tolerance induction by ultraviolet irradiation or by very low doses of contact allergen are now understood in much greater detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan F Martin
- Allergy Research Group, Department of Dermatology, University Freiburg Medical Center, Hauptstrasse 7, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Role of NKT Cells in the Pathogenesis of NAFLD. Int J Hepatol 2012; 2012:850836. [PMID: 22577564 PMCID: PMC3335183 DOI: 10.1155/2012/850836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent chronic liver disease and shows various inflammatory changes in the liver. Among those inflammatory cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells are found to have a critical role during the disease progression. NKT cells may have a protective role at the early stage with simple steatosis through modification of insulin resistance, whereas they act as a progression factor at the advanced stage with fibrosis. Those processes are thought to depend on interaction between NKT cells and CD1d molecule in the liver.
Collapse
|
17
|
Engkilde K, Johansen JD, Hansen AK, Menné T, Buschard K. Prevention of type 1 diabetes by inducing subclinical dermatitis on a small area. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2011; 27:954-8. [PMID: 22069292 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.1280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously epidemiologically shown that type 1 diabetes is inversely associated with contact allergy. This finding is intriguing as type 1 diabetes and contact allergy are two completely different diseases, although T cells are involved in both diseases. The objective of this study was therefore to experimentally study the effect of contact allergens on the development of diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. METHODS Non-obese diabetic mice 4 weeks of age were separated into seven groups. One group was exposed to tapped water every 14th day, whereas the remaining six groups were split into sensitizations groups or elicitation groups (exposure every 14th day). These groups were then treated with one of the selected contact allergens (PPD or DNCB) or vehicle (AOO). All groups received the sensitizing treatment regime, and hereafter only the elicitation groups were further treated. If the blood glucose reached 14 mM, the mice were considered diabetic and euthanized. Cardiac heart blood was drawn at euthanization, and a Luminex analysis was done on the serum. RESULTS We showed that repeated application of a low dose of PPD reduced the incidence of diabetes compared to application with water (47% versus 93%, p=0.004). The rest of the groups developed diabetes with a cumulative incidence rate above 80%. The Luminex cytokine analysis revealed no differences between the groups, and no elevated cytokine level suggested a systemic response. Dermatitis was not noticeable by visual inspection, a histological examination, however, revealed a slight infiltration in the ears in the elicitation groups exposed to contact allergens. CONCLUSION This study showed that repeated topical application on the ears with a contact allergen could prevent the development of diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. The contact allergens gave a non-visible, subclinical dermatitis on the application site. Activation of NKT cells to the ear lymph nodes seems to be involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaare Engkilde
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|