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Zhang W, Zhou Y, Qin Y, Feng Z, Zhu F, Feng G, Zhu H, Yao Q. Lipids Mediate Arbuscule Development and Senescence in Tomato Roots Colonized by Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungus under Drought Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:18851-18863. [PMID: 39145484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) symbiosis can enhance plant resistance to drought stress (DS). This study aimed to investigate the DS effects on lipids at different stages of symbiosis and to link lipid profiles to arbuscule dynamics in tomato roots colonized by AM fungi. DS increased mycorrhizal colonization and arbuscule abundance at an early stage but decreased them at a later stage, delayed arbuscule development, and accelerated arbuscule senescence at a later stage. DS decreased the contents of phospholipids (PLs) and saturated neutral lipids (NLs) at the early stage but increased the contents of saturated PLs and unsaturated NLs at the late stage. Specifically, DS inhibited AM-specific PL contents but increased AM-specific NL contents, which was supported by the expression of RAM2, STR/STR2. These data indicate the negative effect of DS on AM symbiosis and arbuscule dynamics with the effect size depending on the symbiosis stage, which highlights the importance of the symbiosis stage under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yongqiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Zengwei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Fengwa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guangda Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Sgroi M, Hoey D, Medina Jimenez K, Bowden SL, Hope M, Wallington EJ, Schornack S, Bravo A, Paszkowski U. The receptor-like kinase ARK controls symbiotic balance across land plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318982121. [PMID: 39012828 PMCID: PMC11287157 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318982121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis arose in land plants more than 450 million years ago and is still widely found in all major land plant lineages. Despite its broad taxonomic distribution, little is known about the molecular components underpinning symbiosis outside of flowering plants. The ARBUSCULAR RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (ARK) is required for sustaining AM symbiosis in distantly related angiosperms. Here, we demonstrate that ARK has an equivalent role in symbiosis maintenance in the bryophyte Marchantia paleacea and is part of a broad AM genetic program conserved among land plants. In addition, our comparative transcriptome analysis identified evolutionarily conserved expression patterns for several genes in the core symbiotic program required for presymbiotic signaling, intracellular colonization, and nutrient exchange. This study provides insights into the molecular pathways that consistently associate with AM symbiosis across land plants and identifies an ancestral role for ARK in governing symbiotic balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Sgroi
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0LE, United Kingdom
| | - David Hoey
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah L. Bowden
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, CambridgeCB3 0LE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hope
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, CambridgeCB3 0LE, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Wallington
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, CambridgeCB3 0LE, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1LR, United Kingdom
| | - Armando Bravo
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO63132
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0LE, United Kingdom
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3
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Duan S, Feng G, Limpens E, Bonfante P, Xie X, Zhang L. Cross-kingdom nutrient exchange in the plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus-bacterium continuum. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01073-7. [PMID: 39014094 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects plant performance and ecosystem functioning. Recent studies have identified AMF-associated bacteria as cooperative partners that participate in AMF-plant symbiosis: specific endobacteria live inside AMF, and hyphospheric bacteria colonize the soil that surrounds the extraradical hyphae. In this Review, we describe the concept of a plant-AMF-bacterium continuum, summarize current advances and provide perspectives on soil microbiology. First, we review the top-down carbon flow and the bottom-up mineral flow (especially phosphorus and nitrogen) in this continuum, as well as how AMF-bacteria interactions influence the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients (for example, carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen). Second, we discuss how AMF interact with hyphospheric bacteria or endobacteria to regulate nutrient exchange between plants and AMF, and the possible molecular mechanisms that underpin this continuum. Finally, we explore future prospects for studies on the hyphosphere to facilitate the utilization of AMF and hyphospheric bacteria in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Erik Limpens
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Zhang X, Jia S, He Y, Wen J, Li D, Yang W, Yue Y, Li H, Cheng K, Zhang X. Wall-associated kinase GhWAK13 mediates arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2180-2194. [PMID: 38095050 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The cell wall is the major interface for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis. However, the roles of cell wall proteins and cell wall synthesis in AM symbiosis remain unclear. We reported that a novel wall-associated kinase 13 (GhWAK13) positively regulates AM symbiosis and negatively regulates Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. GhWAK13 transcription was induced by AM symbiosis and Verticillium dahliae (VD) infection. GhWAK13 is located in the plasma membrane and expressed in the arbuscule-containing cortical cells of mycorrhizal cotton roots. GhWAK13 silencing inhibited AM colonization and repressed gene expression of the mycorrhizal pathway. Moreover, GhWAK13 silencing improved Verticillium wilt resistance and triggered the expression of immunity genes. Therefore, GhWAK13 is considered an immune suppressor required for AM symbiosis and disease resistance. GhWAK7A, a positive regulator of Verticillium wilt resistance, was upregulated in GhWAK13-silenced cotton plants. Silencing GhWAK7A improved AM symbiosis. Oligogalacturonides application also suppressed AM symbiosis. Finally, GhWAK13 negatively affected the cellulose content by regulating the transcription of cellulose synthase genes. The results of this study suggest that immunity suppresses AM symbiosis in cotton. GhWAK13 affects AM symbiosis by suppressing immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Shuangjie Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Yiming He
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Jingshang Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Wan Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Ying Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Huiling Li
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
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Bell CA, Magkourilou E, Ault JR, Urwin PE, Field KJ. Phytophagy impacts the quality and quantity of plant carbon resources acquired by mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Nat Commun 2024; 15:801. [PMID: 38280873 PMCID: PMC10821877 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associate with the roots of many plant species, enhancing their hosts access to soil nutrients whilst obtaining their carbon supply directly as photosynthates. AM fungi often face competition for plant carbon from other organisms. The mechanisms by which plants prioritise carbon allocation to mutualistic AM fungi over parasitic symbionts remain poorly understood. Here, we show that host potato plants (Solanum tuberosum cv. Désirée) selectively allocate carbon resources to tissues interacting with AM fungi rather than those interacting with phytophagous parasites (the nematode Globodera pallida). We found that plants reduce the supply of hexoses but maintain the flow of plant-derived fatty acids to AM fungi when concurrently interacting with parasites. Transcriptomic analysis suggest that plants prioritise carbon transfer to AM fungi by maintaining expression of fatty acid biosynthesis and transportation pathways, whilst decreasing the expression of mycorrhizal-induced hexose transporters. We also report similar findings from a different plant host species (Medicago truncatula) and phytophagous pest (the aphid Myzus persicae). These findings suggest a general mechanism of plant-driven resource allocation in scenarios involving multiple symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bell
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
| | - E Magkourilou
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - J R Ault
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - P E Urwin
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - K J Field
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom
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Slimani A, Ait-El-Mokhtar M, Ben-Laouane R, Boutasknit A, Anli M, Abouraicha EF, Oufdou K, Meddich A, Baslam M. Molecular and Systems Biology Approaches for Harnessing the Symbiotic Interaction in Mycorrhizal Symbiosis for Grain and Oil Crop Cultivation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:912. [PMID: 38255984 PMCID: PMC10815302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycorrhizal symbiosis, the mutually beneficial association between plants and fungi, has gained significant attention in recent years due to its widespread significance in agricultural productivity. Specifically, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide a range of benefits to grain and oil crops, including improved nutrient uptake, growth, and resistance to (a)biotic stressors. Harnessing this symbiotic interaction using molecular and systems biology approaches presents promising opportunities for sustainable and economically-viable agricultural practices. Research in this area aims to identify and manipulate specific genes and pathways involved in the symbiotic interaction, leading to improved cereal and oilseed crop yields and nutrient acquisition. This review provides an overview of the research frontier on utilizing molecular and systems biology approaches for harnessing the symbiotic interaction in mycorrhizal symbiosis for grain and oil crop cultivation. Moreover, we address the mechanistic insights and molecular determinants underpinning this exchange. We conclude with an overview of current efforts to harness mycorrhizal diversity to improve cereal and oilseed health through systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiman Slimani
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar
- Laboratory Biochemistry, Environment & Agri-Food URAC 36, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques—Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 28800, Morocco
| | - Raja Ben-Laouane
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Boutasknit
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Nador, Mohamed First University, Nador 62700, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Anli
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Department of Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Comoros, Patsy University Center, Moroni 269, Comoros
| | - El Faiza Abouraicha
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing and Health Techniques (ISPITS), Essaouira 44000, Morocco
| | - Khalid Oufdou
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences, and Environment, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Meddich
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Marouane Baslam
- Centre d’Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
- GrowSmart, Seoul 03129, Republic of Korea
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Zorin EA, Sulima AS, Zhernakov AI, Kuzmina DO, Rakova VA, Kliukova MS, Romanyuk DA, Kulaeva OA, Akhtemova GA, Shtark OY, Tikhonovich IA, Zhukov VA. Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) Breeding Line 'Triumph' with High Symbiotic Responsivity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:78. [PMID: 38202386 PMCID: PMC10781049 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.), like most legumes, forms mutualistic symbioses with nodule bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The positive effect of inoculation is partially determined by the plant genotype; thus, pea varieties with high and low symbiotic responsivity have been described, but the molecular genetic basis of this trait remains unknown. Here, we compare the symbiotically responsive breeding line 'Triumph' of grain pea with its parental cultivars 'Vendevil' (a donor of high symbiotic responsivity) and 'Classic' (a donor of agriculturally valuable traits) using genome and transcriptome sequencing. We show that 'Triumph' inherited one-fourth of its genome from 'Vendevil', including the genes related to AM and nodule formation, and reveal that under combined inoculation with nodule bacteria and AM fungi, 'Triumph' and 'Vendevil', in contrast to 'Classic', demonstrate similar up-regulation of the genes related to solute transport, hormonal regulation and flavonoid biosynthesis in their roots. We also identify the gene PsGLP2, whose expression pattern distinguishing 'Triumph' and 'Vendevil' from 'Classic' correlates with difference within the promoter region sequence, making it a promising marker for the symbiotic responsivity trait. The results of this study may be helpful for future molecular breeding programs aimed at creation of symbiotically responsive cultivars of pea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A. Zorin
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Anton S. Sulima
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Aleksandr I. Zhernakov
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Daria O. Kuzmina
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Valeria A. Rakova
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius 354340, Russia;
| | - Marina S. Kliukova
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Daria A. Romanyuk
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Olga A. Kulaeva
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Gulnar A. Akhtemova
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Oksana Y. Shtark
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
| | - Igor A. Tikhonovich
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius 354340, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Zhukov
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology (ARRIAM), Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196608, Russia; (E.A.Z.); (A.S.S.); (A.I.Z.); (D.O.K.); (M.S.K.); (D.A.R.); (O.A.K.); (G.A.A.); (O.Y.S.); (I.A.T.)
- Center of Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius 354340, Russia;
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8
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Liu X, Feng Z, Zhang W, Yao Q, Zhu H. Exogenous myristate promotes the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250684. [PMID: 38023845 PMCID: PMC10652774 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can establish symbiotic associations with the roots of most terrestrial plants, thereby improving the tolerance of the host plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although AMF cannot synthesize lipids de novo, they can obtain lipids from the root cells for their growth and development. A recent study reveals that AMF can directly take up myristate (C14:0 lipid) from the environment and produce a large amount of hyphae in asymbiotic status; however, the effect of environmental lipids on AM symbiosis is still unclear. In this study, we inoculated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with AMF in an in vitro dual culture system and a sand culture system, and then applied exogenous myristate to the substrate, in order to explore the effect of exogenous lipids on the mycorrhizal colonization of AMF. We investigated the hyphae growth, development, and colonization of AMF, and examined the gene expression involved in phosphate transport, lipid biosynthesis, and transport. Results indicate that exogenous lipids significantly stimulated the growth and branching of hyphae, and significantly increased the number of hyphopodia and mycorrhizal colonization of AMF, with arbuscular abundance and intraradical spores or vesicles being the most promoted. In contrast, exogenous myristate decreased the growth range and host tropism of the germ tubes, and largely inhibited the exchange of nutrition between symbionts. As a result, exogenous myristate did not affect the plant growth. This study suggests that lipids promote mycorrhizal colonization by enhancing the growth and development of AMF hyphae and increasing their contact opportunities with plant roots. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that shows that lipids promote the colonization of AMF. Our study highlights the importance of better understanding the roles of environmental lipids in the establishment and maintenance of AM symbiosis and, thus, in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengwei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yao
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Sportes A, Hériché M, Mounier A, Durney C, van Tuinen D, Trouvelot S, Wipf D, Courty PE. Comparative RNA sequencing-based transcriptome profiling of ten grapevine rootstocks: shared and specific sets of genes respond to mycorrhizal symbiosis. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:369-385. [PMID: 37561219 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis improves water and nutrient uptake by plants and provides them other ecosystem services. Grapevine is one of the major crops in the world. Vitis vinifera scions generally are grafted onto a variety of rootstocks that confer different levels of resistance against different pests, tolerance to environmental stress, and influence the physiology of the scions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are involved in the root architecture and in the immune response to soil-borne pathogens. However, the fine-tuned regulation and the transcriptomic plasticity of rootstocks in response to mycorrhization are still unknown. We compared the responses of 10 different grapevine rootstocks to arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS) formed with Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198 using RNA sequencing-based transcriptome profiling. We have highlighted a few shared regulation mechanisms, but also specific rootstock responses to R. irregularis colonization. A set of 353 genes was regulated by AMS in all ten rootstocks. We also compared the expression level of this set of genes to more than 2000 transcriptome profiles from various grapevine varieties and tissues to identify a class of transcripts related to mycorrhizal associations in these 10 rootstocks. Then, we compared the response of the 351 genes upregulated by mycorrhiza in grapevine to their Medicago truncatula homologs in response to mycorrhizal colonization based on available transcriptomic studies. More than 97% of the 351 M. truncatula-homologous grapevine genes were expressed in at least one mycorrhizal transcriptomic study, and 64% in every single RNAseq dataset. At the intra-specific level, we described, for the first time, shared and specific grapevine rootstock genes in response to R. irregularis symbiosis. At the inter-specific level, we defined a shared subset of mycorrhiza-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Sportes
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Mathilde Hériché
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud Mounier
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Célien Durney
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Diederik van Tuinen
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Emmanuel Courty
- Agroécologie, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
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10
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Chen W, Shan W, Niu T, Ye T, Sun Q, Zhang J. Insight into regulation of adventitious root formation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and exogenous auxin in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) cuttings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1258410. [PMID: 37790788 PMCID: PMC10544935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1258410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Adventitious root (AR) development, affected by various biotic and abiotic factors, is the most important procedure in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) cutting propagation. Establishing symbiotic relationships with most terrestrial plants, AMF (Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus) can mediate the AR formation of several herbaceous and woody plants in previous studies. Methods In this paper, effects of combined application of AMF and exogenous auxin on AR formation of cuttings from different tea plant varieties ('Pingyangtezao', 'Longjing 43' and 'Longjingchangye') were studied. Then we also performed RNA-Seq analysis with 'Pingyangtezao' cuttings aiming to find the possible auxin-related pathway of AM fungal regulation on AR formation. To accurately uncover the regulatory mechanism of AMF on AR formation of tea cuttings, rooting process were separated into four stages (S0, non-rooting; S1, AR protrusion; S2, AR formation and S3, AR elongation) at the same sampling time. Results and Discussion Results showed that IBA treatment increased the mycorrhizal colonization rate, especially in 'Pingyangtezao' variety (from 37.58% to 46.29%). Both inoculating AMF and addition of IBA promoted the AR formation, and rooting of different tea plant varieties showed different dependence on auxin. AMF could alleviate the effect of auxin-related inhibitors (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, L-α-(Aminooxy)-β-phenylpropionic acid and α-(phenylethyl-2-oxo)-IAA) on rooting of tea cuttings, even though the colonization of AMF was hindered at various degrees. Transcriptomic analysis showed that different numbers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at various rooting stages of tea cuttings with the most at S2 stage (1360 DEGs), indicating the increasing regulation by AMF with the development of AR. Similar trend was found in auxin-related DEGs, and family genes of YUC, GH, PIN, LAX, SAUR, AUX, and ABP involved in the AM fungal regulation on AR formation of tea cuttings. Additionally, AMF strongly mediated auxin transport and signal transduction pathways in tea cuttings as showed by the results of correlation analysis. Overall, interaction of AMF and exogenous auxin in promoting rooting and the preliminary mechanism of AMF regulating AR formation of tea cuttings was deciphered in this paper, which may provide a basis for further deep mechanistic research and cutting propagation of tea production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiaxia Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huangshan, China
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11
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Leng J, Wei X, Jin X, Wang L, Fan K, Zou K, Zheng Z, Saridis G, Zhao N, Zhou D, Duanmu D, Wang E, Cui H, Bucher M, Xue L. ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA-INDUCED KINASES AMK8 and AMK24 associate with the receptor-like kinase KINASE3 to regulate arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Lotus japonicus. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2006-2026. [PMID: 36808553 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a widespread, ancient mutualistic association between plants and fungi, and facilitates nutrient uptake into plants. Cell surface receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) play pivotal roles in transmembrane signaling, while few RLCKs are known to function in AM symbiosis. Here, we show that 27 out of 40 AM-induced kinases (AMKs) are transcriptionally upregulated by key AM transcription factors in Lotus japonicus. Nine AMKs are only conserved in AM-host lineages, among which the SPARK-RLK-encoding gene KINASE3 (KIN3) and the RLCK paralogues AMK8 and AMK24 are required for AM symbiosis. KIN3 expression is directly regulated by the AP2 transcription factor CTTC MOTIF-BINDING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CBX1), which regulates the reciprocal exchange of nutrients in AM symbiosis, via the AW-box motif in the KIN3 promoter. Loss of function mutations in KIN3, AMK8, or AMK24 result in reduced mycorrhizal colonization in L. japonicus. AMK8 and AMK24 physically interact with KIN3. KIN3 and AMK24 are active kinases and AMK24 directly phosphorylates KIN3 in vitro. Moreover, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of OsRLCK171, the sole homolog of AMK8 and AMK24 in rice (Oryza sativa), leads to diminished mycorrhization with stunted arbuscules. Overall, our results reveal a crucial role of the CBX1-driven RLK/RLCK complex in the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway enabling arbuscule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Leng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaotong Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xinyi Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Longxiang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Kai Fan
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ke Zou
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zichao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Georgios Saridis
- Institute for Plant Science, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, Cologne D-50674, Germany
| | - Ningkang Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haitao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Marcel Bucher
- Institute for Plant Science, Cologne Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47b, Cologne D-50674, Germany
| | - Li Xue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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12
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Duan S, Declerck S, Feng G, Zhang L. Hyphosphere interactions between Rhizophagus irregularis and Rahnella aquatilis promote carbon-phosphorus exchange at the peri-arbuscular space in Medicago truncatula. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:867-879. [PMID: 36588345 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a continuum between roots and soil. One end of this continuum is comprised of the highly intimate plant-fungus interface with intracellular organelles for nutrient exchange, while on the other end the fungus interacts with bacteria to compensate for the AM fungus' inability to take up organic nutrients from soil. How both interfaces communicate in this highly complex tripartite mutualism is widely unknown. Here, the effects of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Rahnella aquatilis dwelling at the surface of the extraradical hyphae of Rhizophagus irregularis was analysed based on the expression of genes involved in C-P exchange at the peri-arbuscular space (PAS) in Medicago truncatula. The interaction between AM fungus and PSB resulted in an increase in uptake and transport of Pi along the extraradical hyphae and its transfer from AM fungus to plant. In return, this was remunerated by a transfer of C from plant to AM fungus, improving the C-P exchange at the PAS. These results demonstrated that a microorganism (i.e., a PSB) developing at the hyphosphere interface can affect the C-P exchange at the PAS between plant and AM fungus, suggesting a fine-tuned communication operated between three organisms via two distantly connected interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Duan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Stéphane Declerck
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Applied Microbiology, Mycology, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gu Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Observation and Research Station of Agriculture Green Development (Quzhou, Hebei), China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Kameoka H, Gutjahr C. Functions of Lipids in Development and Reproduction of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1356-1365. [PMID: 35894593 PMCID: PMC9620820 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form mutualistic associations with most land plants. The symbiosis is based on the exchange of nutrients: AMF receive photosynthetically fixed carbon from the plants and deliver mineral nutrients in return. Lipids are important players in the symbiosis. They act as components of the plant-derived membrane surrounding arbuscules, as carbon sources transferred from plants to AMF, as a major form of carbon storage in AMF and as triggers of developmental responses in AMF. In this review, we describe the role of lipids in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and AMF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kameoka
- *Corresponding authors: Hiromu Kameoka, E-mail, ; Caroline Gutjahr, E-mail,
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- *Corresponding authors: Hiromu Kameoka, E-mail, ; Caroline Gutjahr, E-mail,
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14
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Montero H, Paszkowski U. A simple and versatile fluorochrome-based procedure for imaging of lipids in arbuscule-containing cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:294-301. [PMID: 35934996 PMCID: PMC9804681 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is characterized by the reciprocal exchange of nutrients. AM fungi are oleaginous microorganisms that obtain essential fatty acids from host plants. A lipid biosynthesis and delivery pathway has been proposed to operate in inner root cortex cells hosting arbuscules, a cell type challenging to access microscopically. Despite the central role lipids play in the association, lipid distribution patterns during arbuscule development are currently unknown. We developed a simple co-staining method employing fluorophore-conjugated Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) and a lipophilic blue fluorochrome, Ac-201, for the simultaneous imaging of arbuscules and lipids distributed within arbuscule-containing cells in high resolution. We observed lipid distribution patterns in wild-type root infection zones in a variety of plant species. In addition, we applied this methodology to mutants of the Lotus japonicus GRAS transcription factor RAM1 and the Oryza sativa half-size ABC transporter STR1, both proposed to be impaired in the symbiotic lipid biosynthesis-delivery pathway. We found that lipids accumulated in cortical cells hosting stunted arbuscules in Ljram1 and Osstr1, and observed lipids in the arbuscule body of Osstr1, suggesting that in the corresponding plant species, RAM1 and STR1 may not be essential for symbiotic lipid biosynthesis and transfer from arbuscule-containing cells, respectively. The versatility of this methodology has the potential to help elucidate key questions on the complex lipid dynamics fostering AM symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Montero
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
- Present address:
Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-InstituteUniversity of WuerzburgWuerzburgD-97082Germany
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0LEUK
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15
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Liao D, Sun C, Liang H, Wang Y, Bian X, Dong C, Niu X, Yang M, Xu G, Chen A, Wu S. SlSPX1-SlPHR complexes mediate the suppression of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis by phosphate repletion in tomato. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4045-4065. [PMID: 35863053 PMCID: PMC9516199 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Forming mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMs) improves the acquisition of mineral nutrients for most terrestrial plants. However, the formation of AM symbiosis usually occurs under phosphate (Pi)-deficient conditions. Here, we identify SlSPX1 (SYG1 (suppressor of yeast GPA1)/Pho81(phosphate 81)/XPR1 (xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1) as the major repressor of the AM symbiosis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under phosphate-replete conditions. Loss of SlSPX1 function promotes direct Pi uptake and enhances AM colonization under phosphate-replete conditions. We determine that SlSPX1 integrates Pi signaling and AM symbiosis by directly interacting with a set of arbuscule-induced SlPHR proteins (SlPHR1, SlPHR4, SlPHR10, SlPHR11, and SlPHR12). The association with SlSPX1 represses the ability of SlPHR proteins to activate AM marker genes required for the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. SlPHR proteins exhibit functional redundancy, and no defective AM symbiosis was detected in the single mutant of SlPHR proteins. However, silencing SlPHR4 in the Slphr1 mutant background led to reduced AM colonization. Therefore, our results support the conclusion that SlSPX1-SlPHRs form a Pi-sensing module to coordinate the AM symbiosis under different Pi-availability conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haiyan Liang
- College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinxin Bian
- College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xufang Niu
- College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meina Yang
- College of Horticulture, College of Life Sciences, FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Author for correspondence: (G.X.), (A.C.), (S.W.)
| | - Aiqun Chen
- Author for correspondence: (G.X.), (A.C.), (S.W.)
| | - Shuang Wu
- Author for correspondence: (G.X.), (A.C.), (S.W.)
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16
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ATP-Binding Cassette G Transporters and Their Multiple Roles Especially for Male Fertility in Arabidopsis, Rice and Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169304. [PMID: 36012571 PMCID: PMC9409143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette subfamily G (ABCG) transporters are extensive in plants and play essential roles in various processes influencing plant fitness, but the research progress varies greatly among Arabidopsis, rice and maize. In this review, we present a consolidated nomenclature and characterization of the whole 51 ABCG transporters in maize, perform a phylogenetic analysis and classification of the ABCG subfamily members in maize, and summarize the latest research advances in ABCG transporters for these three plant species. ABCG transporters are involved in diverse processes in Arabidopsis and rice, such as anther and pollen development, vegetative and female organ development, abiotic and biotic stress response, and phytohormone transport, which provide useful clues for the functional investigation of ABCG transporters in maize. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and future perspectives for the identification and mechanism analysis of substrates for plant ABCG transporters. This review provides a basic framework for functional research and the potential application of ABCG transporters in multiple plants, including maize.
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17
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Wang D, Dong W, Murray J, Wang E. Innovation and appropriation in mycorrhizal and rhizobial Symbioses. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1573-1599. [PMID: 35157080 PMCID: PMC9048890 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants benefit from endosymbiotic interactions with mycorrhizal fungi, including legumes and some nonlegumes that also interact with endosymbiotic nitrogen (N)-fixing bacteria to form nodules. In addition to these helpful interactions, plants are continuously exposed to would-be pathogenic microbes: discriminating between friends and foes is a major determinant of plant survival. Recent breakthroughs have revealed how some key signals from pathogens and symbionts are distinguished. Once this checkpoint has been passed and a compatible symbiont is recognized, the plant coordinates the sequential development of two types of specialized structures in the host. The first serves to mediate infection, and the second, which appears later, serves as sophisticated intracellular nutrient exchange interfaces. The overlap in both the signaling pathways and downstream infection components of these symbioses reflects their evolutionary relatedness and the common requirements of these two interactions. However, the different outputs of the symbioses, phosphate uptake versus N fixation, require fundamentally different components and physical environments and necessitated the recruitment of different master regulators, NODULE INCEPTION-LIKE PROTEINS, and PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSES, for nodulation and mycorrhization, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wentao Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | | | - Ertao Wang
- Authors for correspondence: (E.W) and (J.M.)
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18
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Dai H, Zhang X, Zhao B, Shi J, Zhang C, Wang G, Yu N, Wang E. Colonization of Mutualistic Mycorrhizal and Parasitic Blast Fungi Requires OsRAM2-Regulated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in Rice. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:178-186. [PMID: 34941378 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-21-0270-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a mutual association with the majority of land plants, including most angiosperms of the dicotyledon and monocotyledon lineages. The symbiosis is based upon bidirectional nutrient exchange between the host and symbiont that occurs between inner cortical cells of the root and branched AM hyphae called arbuscules that develop within these cells. Lipid transport and its regulation during the symbiosis have been intensively investigated in dicotyledon plants, especially legumes. Here, we characterize OsRAM2 and OsRAM2L, homologs of Medicago truncatula RAM2, and found that plants defective in OsRAM2 were unable to be colonized by AM fungi and showed impaired colonization by Magnaporthe oryzae. The induction of OsRAM2 and OsRAM2L is dependent on OsRAM1 and the common symbiosis signaling pathway pathway genes CCaMK and CYCLOPS, while overexpression of OsRAM1 results in increased expression of OsRAM2 and OsRAM2L. Collectively, our data show that the function and regulation of OsRAM2 is conserved in monocot and dicot plants and reveals that, similar to mutualistic fungi, pathogenic fungi have recruited RAM2-mediated fatty acid biosynthesis to facilitate invasion.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Boyu Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jincai Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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19
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Groen SC, Joly-Lopez Z, Platts AE, Natividad M, Fresquez Z, Mauck WM, Quintana MR, Cabral CLU, Torres RO, Satija R, Purugganan MD, Henry A. Evolutionary systems biology reveals patterns of rice adaptation to drought-prone agro-ecosystems. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:759-783. [PMID: 34791424 PMCID: PMC8824591 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) was domesticated around 10,000 years ago and has developed into a staple for half of humanity. The crop evolved and is currently grown in stably wet and intermittently dry agro-ecosystems, but patterns of adaptation to differences in water availability remain poorly understood. While previous field studies have evaluated plant developmental adaptations to water deficit, adaptive variation in functional and hydraulic components, particularly in relation to gene expression, has received less attention. Here, we take an evolutionary systems biology approach to characterize adaptive drought resistance traits across roots and shoots. We find that rice harbors heritable variation in molecular, physiological, and morphological traits that is linked to higher fitness under drought. We identify modules of co-expressed genes that are associated with adaptive drought avoidance and tolerance mechanisms. These expression modules showed evidence of polygenic adaptation in rice subgroups harboring accessions that evolved in drought-prone agro-ecosystems. Fitness-linked expression patterns allowed us to identify the drought-adaptive nature of optimizing photosynthesis and interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Taken together, our study provides an unprecedented, integrative view of rice adaptation to water-limited field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Groen
- Author for correspondence: (S.C.G.), (M.D.P.), (A.H.)
| | | | | | - Mignon Natividad
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, USA
| | - Zoë Fresquez
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Carlo Leo U Cabral
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, USA
| | - Rolando O Torres
- International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines, USA
| | - Rahul Satija
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, USA
| | | | - Amelia Henry
- Author for correspondence: (S.C.G.), (M.D.P.), (A.H.)
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20
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Banasiak J, Jasiński M. ATP-binding cassette transporters in nonmodel plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1597-1612. [PMID: 34614235 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about plant ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins is of great value for sustainable agriculture, economic yield, and the generation of high-quality products, especially under unfavorable growth conditions. We have learned much about ABC proteins in model organisms, notably Arabidopsis thaliana; however, the importance of research dedicated to these transporters extends far beyond Arabidopsis biology. Recent progress in genomic and transcriptomic approaches for nonmodel and noncanonical model plants allows us to look at ABC transporters from a wider perspective and consider chemodiversity and functionally driven adaptation as distinctive mechanisms during their evolution. Here, by considering several representatives from agriculturally important families and recent progress in functional characterization of nonArabidopsis ABC proteins, we aim to bring attention to understanding the evolutionary background, distribution among lineages and possible mechanisms underlying the adaptation of this versatile transport system for plant needs. Increasing the knowledge of ABC proteins in nonmodel plants will facilitate breeding and development of new varieties based on, for example, genetic variations of endogenous genes and/or genome editing, representing an alternative to transgenic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Banasiak
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Z. Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632, Poznań, Poland
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21
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Das D, Paries M, Hobecker K, Gigl M, Dawid C, Lam HM, Zhang J, Chen M, Gutjahr C. PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE transcription factors enable arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:477. [PMID: 35078978 PMCID: PMC8789775 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a widespread symbiosis between roots of the majority of land plants and Glomeromycotina fungi. AM is important for ecosystem health and functioning as the fungi critically support plant performance by providing essential mineral nutrients, particularly the poorly accessible phosphate, in exchange for organic carbon. AM fungi colonize the inside of roots and this is promoted at low but inhibited at high plant phosphate status, while the mechanistic basis for this phosphate-dependence remained obscure. Here we demonstrate that a major transcriptional regulator of phosphate starvation responses in rice PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 2 (PHR2) regulates AM. Root colonization of phr2 mutants is drastically reduced, and PHR2 is required for root colonization, mycorrhizal phosphate uptake, and yield increase in field soil. PHR2 promotes AM by targeting genes required for pre-contact signaling, root colonization, and AM function. Thus, this important symbiosis is directly wired to the PHR2-controlled plant phosphate starvation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debatosh Das
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 10 Yuexing 2nd Road, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
| | - Michael Paries
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Karen Hobecker
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Gigl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 10 Yuexing 2nd Road, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 10 Yuexing 2nd Road, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Moxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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22
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Das D, Paries M, Hobecker K, Gigl M, Dawid C, Lam HM, Zhang J, Chen M, Gutjahr C. PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE transcription factors enable arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:477. [PMID: 35078978 DOI: 10.1101/2021.11.05.467437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a widespread symbiosis between roots of the majority of land plants and Glomeromycotina fungi. AM is important for ecosystem health and functioning as the fungi critically support plant performance by providing essential mineral nutrients, particularly the poorly accessible phosphate, in exchange for organic carbon. AM fungi colonize the inside of roots and this is promoted at low but inhibited at high plant phosphate status, while the mechanistic basis for this phosphate-dependence remained obscure. Here we demonstrate that a major transcriptional regulator of phosphate starvation responses in rice PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 2 (PHR2) regulates AM. Root colonization of phr2 mutants is drastically reduced, and PHR2 is required for root colonization, mycorrhizal phosphate uptake, and yield increase in field soil. PHR2 promotes AM by targeting genes required for pre-contact signaling, root colonization, and AM function. Thus, this important symbiosis is directly wired to the PHR2-controlled plant phosphate starvation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debatosh Das
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 10 Yuexing 2nd Road, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
| | - Michael Paries
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Karen Hobecker
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Gigl
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, D-85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 10 Yuexing 2nd Road, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 10 Yuexing 2nd Road, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Moxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Research and Development Center for Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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23
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Salmeron-Santiago IA, Martínez-Trujillo M, Valdez-Alarcón JJ, Pedraza-Santos ME, Santoyo G, Pozo MJ, Chávez-Bárcenas AT. An Updated Review on the Modulation of Carbon Partitioning and Allocation in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Plants. Microorganisms 2021; 10:75. [PMID: 35056524 PMCID: PMC8781679 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate biotrophs that supply mineral nutrients to the host plant in exchange for carbon derived from photosynthesis. Sucrose is the end-product of photosynthesis and the main compound used by plants to translocate photosynthates to non-photosynthetic tissues. AMF alter carbon distribution in plants by modifying the expression and activity of key enzymes of sucrose biosynthesis, transport, and/or catabolism. Since sucrose is essential for the maintenance of all metabolic and physiological processes, the modifications addressed by AMF can significantly affect plant development and stress responses. AMF also modulate plant lipid biosynthesis to acquire storage reserves, generate biomass, and fulfill its life cycle. In this review we address the most relevant aspects of the influence of AMF on sucrose and lipid metabolism in plants, including its effects on sucrose biosynthesis both in photosynthetic and heterotrophic tissues, and the influence of sucrose on lipid biosynthesis in the context of the symbiosis. We present a hypothetical model of carbon partitioning between plants and AMF in which the coordinated action of sucrose biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism plays a role in the generation of hexose gradients to supply carbon to AMF, and to control the amount of carbon assigned to the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan J. Valdez-Alarcón
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58880, Mexico;
| | - Martha E. Pedraza-Santos
- Facultad de Agrobiología “Presidente Juárez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Uruapan 60170, Mexico;
| | - Gustavo Santoyo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58030, Mexico;
| | - María J. Pozo
- Departamento de Microbiología del Suelo y Sistemas Simbióticos, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana T. Chávez-Bárcenas
- Facultad de Agrobiología “Presidente Juárez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Uruapan 60170, Mexico;
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24
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Do THT, Martinoia E, Lee Y, Hwang JU. 2021 update on ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters: how they meet the needs of plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1876-1892. [PMID: 35235666 PMCID: PMC8890498 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in the field of ABC proteins including newly identified functions and regulatory mechanisms expand the understanding of how they function in the development and physiology of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Ha Thi Do
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University Zurich, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Youngsook Lee
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ung Hwang
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
- Author for communication:
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25
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Banasiak J, Jamruszka T, Murray JD, Jasiński M. A roadmap of plant membrane transporters in arbuscular mycorrhizal and legume-rhizobium symbioses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:2071-2091. [PMID: 34618047 PMCID: PMC8644718 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants live in close contact with beneficial soil microbes: the majority of land plant species establish symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, while most legumes, the third largest plant family, can form a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. These microbes contribute to plant nutrition via endosymbiotic processes that require modulating the expression and function of plant transporter systems. The efficient contribution of these symbionts involves precisely controlled integration of transport, which is enabled by the adaptability and plasticity of their transporters. Advances in our understanding of these systems, driven by functional genomics research, are rapidly filling the gap in knowledge about plant membrane transport involved in these plant-microbe interactions. In this review, we synthesize recent findings associated with different stages of these symbioses, from the pre-symbiotic stage to nutrient exchange, and describe the role of host transport systems in both mycorrhizal and legume-rhizobia symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Banasiak
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jamruszka
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular and Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Michał Jasiński
- Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań 61-704, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań 60-632, Poland
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26
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Sisaphaithong T, Yanase M, Mano T, Tanabe S, Minami E, Tanaka A, Hata S, Kobae Y. Localized expression of the Dwarf14-like2a gene in rice roots on infection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and hydrolysis of rac-GR24 by the encoded protein. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:2009998. [PMID: 34904518 PMCID: PMC9208777 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.2009998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that control diverse aspects of the shoot and root growth and are exuded into the soil as recruitment signals for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. SL signaling in plants is transduced via the α/β-hydrolase receptor Dwarf14 (D14). The D14 family consists of D14, Dwarf14-like (D14L), and Dwarf14-like 2 (D14L2) clades in rice. The D14L receptor is known to condition pre-symbiotic perception of AM fungi. In this study, it was found that the Dwarf14-like2a (D14L2a) gene expression was significantly induced by AM fungal colonization. The transcript of D14L2a appeared not only in mature arbuscule-containing cells but also in epidermal/cortical cells at an early colonization stage and near the elongating intercellular hyphae. D14L2a transcript was detected normally in mycorrhizal roots of str1-2 mutant that form stunted arbuscules, suggesting that the gene expression is independent of arbuscule development. Moreover, the recombinant D14L2a protein exhibited hydrolase activity of synthetic SL, rac-GR24. Based on these results, we discussed the role of D14L2 in the establishment of AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megumi Yanase
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Mano
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanabe
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eiichi Minami
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Aiko Tanaka
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Hata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Ryukoku University, Seta Oe-cho, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kobae
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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27
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Chen W, Ye T, Sun Q, Niu T, Zhang J. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Alters Root System Architecture in Camellia sinensis L. as Revealed by RNA-Seq Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:777357. [PMID: 34868178 PMCID: PMC8636117 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.777357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), forming symbiosis with most terrestrial plants, strongly modulates root system architecture (RSA), which is the main characteristic of root in soil, to improve plant growth and development. So far, the studies of AMF on tea plant seedlings are few and the relevant molecular mechanism is not deciphered. In this study, the 6-month-old cutting seedlings of tea plant cultivar "Wancha No.4" were inoculated with an AMF isolate, Rhizophagus intraradices BGC JX04B and harvested after 6 months of growth. The indexes of RSA and sugar contents in root were determined. The transcriptome data in root tips of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal cutting seedlings were obtained by RNA-sequence (Seq) analysis. The results showed that AMF significantly decreased plant growth, but increased the sucrose content in root and the higher classes of lateral root (LR) formation (third and fourth LR). We identified 2047 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) based on the transcriptome data, and DEGs involved in metabolisms of phosphorus (42 DEGs), sugar (39), lipid (67), and plant hormones (39) were excavated out. Variation partitioning analysis showed all these four categories modulated the RSA. In phosphorus (P) metabolism, the phosphate transport and release (DEGs related to purple acid phosphatase) were promoted by AMF inoculation, while DEGs of sugar transport protein in sugar metabolism were downregulated. Lipid metabolism might not be responsible for root branching but for AMF propagation. With respect to phytohormones, DEGs of auxin (13), ethylene (14), and abscisic acid (5) were extensively affected by AMF inoculation, especially for auxin and ethylene. The further partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis indicated that pathways of P metabolism and auxin, as well as the direct way of AMF inoculation, were of the most important in AMF promoting root branching, while ethylene performed a negative role. Overall, our data revealed the alterations of genome-wide gene expression in tea plant roots after inoculation with AMF and provided a molecular basis for the regulatory mechanism of RSA (mainly root branching) changes induced by AMF.
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28
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Roy S, Breakspear A, Cousins D, Torres-Jerez I, Jackson K, Kumar A, Su Y, Liu CW, Krom N, Udvardi M, Xu P, Murray JD. Three Common Symbiotic ABC Subfamily B Transporters in Medicago truncatula Are Regulated by a NIN-Independent Branch of the Symbiosis Signaling Pathway. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:939-951. [PMID: 33779265 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-21-0036-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters involved in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and nodulation have been identified. We describe three previously unreported ABC subfamily B transporters, named AMN1, AMN2, and AMN3 (ABCB for mycorrhization and nodulation), that are expressed early during infection by rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These ABCB transporters are strongly expressed in symbiotically infected tissues, including in root-hair cells with rhizobial infection threads and arbusculated cells. During nodulation, the expression of these genes is highly induced by rhizobia and purified Nod factors and is dependent on DMI3 but is not dependent on other known major regulators of infection, such as NIN, NSP1, or NSP2. During mycorrhization their expression is dependent on DMI3 and RAM1 but not on NSP1 and NSP2. Therefore, they may be commonly regulated through a distinct branch of the common symbiotic pathway. Mutants with exonic Tnt1-transposon insertions were isolated for all three genes. None of the single or double mutants showed any differences in colonization by either rhizobia or mycorrhizal fungi, but the triple amn1 amn2 amn3 mutant showed an increase in nodule number. Further studies are needed to identify potential substrates of these transporters and understand their roles in these beneficial symbioses.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Roy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Anil Kumar
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yangyang Su
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resource, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | | | - Nick Krom
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK 73401, U.S.A
| | | | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Plant Germplasm Resource, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Jeremy D Murray
- John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, U.K
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science (CEPAMS), Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences (CEMPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Feng Lin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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29
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Hull R, Choi J, Paszkowski U. Conditioning plants for arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis through DWARF14-LIKE signalling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 62:102071. [PMID: 34186295 PMCID: PMC8425181 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionarily ancient α/β hydrolase DWARF14-LIKE (D14L) is indispensable for the perception of beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the rhizosphere, and for a range of developmental processes. Variants of D14L recognise natural strigolactones and the smoke constituent karrikin, both classified as butenolides, and additional unknown ligand(s), critical for symbiosis and development. Recent advances in the understanding of downstream effects of D14L signalling include biochemical evidence for the degradation of the repressor SMAX1. Indeed, genetic removal of rice SMAX1 leads to the de-repression of symbiosis programmes and to the simultaneous increase in strigolactone production. As strigolactones are key to attraction of the fungus in the rhizosphere, the D14L signalling pathway appears to coordinate fungal stimulation and root symbiotic competency. Here, we discuss the possible integrative roles of D14L signalling in conditioning plants for AM symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaella Hull
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Jeongmin Choi
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge CB3 0LE, UK.
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Target of rapamycin, PvTOR, is a key regulator of arbuscule development during mycorrhizal symbiosis in Phaseolus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11319. [PMID: 34059696 PMCID: PMC8166948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Target of rapamycin (TOR) is a conserved central growth regulator in eukaryotes that has a key role in maintaining cellular nutrient and energy status. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are mutualistic symbionts that assist the plant in increasing nutrient absorption from the rhizosphere. However, the role of legume TOR in AM fungal symbiosis development has not been investigated. In this study, we examined the function of legume TOR in the development and formation of AM fungal symbiosis. RNA-interference-mediated knockdown of TOR transcripts in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) hairy roots notably suppressed AM fungus-induced lateral root formation by altering the expression of root meristem regulatory genes, i.e., UPB1, RGFs, and sulfur assimilation and S-phase genes. Mycorrhized PvTOR-knockdown roots had significantly more extraradical hyphae and hyphopodia than the control (empty vector) roots. Strong promoter activity of PvTOR was observed at the site of hyphal penetration and colonization. Colonization along the root length was affected in mycorrhized PvTOR-knockdown roots and the arbuscules were stunted. Furthermore, the expression of genes induced by AM symbiosis such as SWEET1, VPY, VAMP713, and STR was repressed under mycorrhized conditions in PvTOR-knockdown roots. Based on these observations, we conclude that PvTOR is a key player in regulating arbuscule development during AM symbiosis in P. vulgaris. These results provide insight into legume TOR as a potential regulatory factor influencing the symbiotic associations of P. vulgaris and other legumes.
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Torabi S, Varshney K, Villaécija-Aguilar JA, Keymer A, Gutjahr C. Controlled Assays for Phenotyping the Effects of Strigolactone-Like Molecules on Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Development. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2309:157-177. [PMID: 34028686 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1429-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza is an ancient symbiosis between most land plants and fungi of the Glomeromycotina, in which the fungi provide mineral nutrients to the plant in exchange for photosynthetically fixed organic carbon. Strigolactones are important signals promoting this symbiosis, as they are exuded by plant roots into the rhizosphere to stimulate activity of the fungi. In addition, the plant karrikin signaling pathway is required for root colonization. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning root colonization by AM fungi, requires the use of plant mutants as well as treatments with different environmental conditions or signaling compounds in standardized cocultivation systems to allow for reproducible root colonization phenotypes. Here we describe how we set up and quantify arbuscular mycorrhiza in the model plants Lotus japonicus and Brachypodium distachyon under controlled conditions. We illustrate a setup for open pot culture as well as for closed plant tissue culture (PTC) containers, for plant-fungal cocultivation in sterile conditions. Furthermore, we explain how to harvest, store, stain, and image AM roots for phenotyping and quantification of different AM structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Torabi
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Kartikye Varshney
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - José A Villaécija-Aguilar
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Keymer
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany.
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Feng Z, Liu X, Zhu H, Yao Q. Responses of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis to Abiotic Stress: A Lipid-Centric Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:578919. [PMID: 33281845 PMCID: PMC7688922 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.578919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are one of the most important soil microbial resources that help host plants cope with various abiotic stresses. Although a tremendous number of studies have revealed the responses of AM fungi to abiotic stress and their beneficial effects transferred to host plants, little work has focused on the role of lipid metabolism in AM fungi under abiotic stress conditions. AM fungi contain a large amount of lipids in their biomass, including phospholipids (PLs) in their hyphal membranes and neutral lipids (NLs) in their storage structures (e.g., vesicles and spores). Recently, lipid transfer from plants to AM fungi has been suggested to be indispensable for the establishment of AM symbiosis, and extraradical hyphae are capable of directly taking up lipids from the environment. This experimental evidence highlights the importance of lipids in AM symbiosis. Moreover, abiotic stress reduces lipid transfer to AM fungi and promotes arbuscule collapse as well as the hydrolysis and conversion of PLs to NLs in collapsed arbuscules. Overall, this knowledge encourages us to rethink the responses of AM symbiosis to abiotic stress from a lipid-centric perspective. The present review provides current and comprehensive knowledge on lipid metabolism in AM fungi, especially in response to various abiotic stresses. A regulatory role of abscisic acid (ABA), which is considered a "stress hormone," in lipid metabolism and in the resulting consequences is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Feng
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Microbial Culture Collection Center (GDMCC), Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yao
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Savary R, Dupuis C, Masclaux FG, Mateus ID, Rojas EC, Sanders IR. Genetic variation and evolutionary history of a mycorrhizal fungus regulate the currency of exchange in symbiosis with the food security crop cassava. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:1333-1344. [PMID: 32066875 PMCID: PMC7242447 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0606-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Most land plants form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Diversity of AMF increases plant community productivity and plant diversity. For decades, it was known that plants trade carbohydrates for phosphate with their fungal symbionts. However, recent studies show that plant-derived lipids probably represent the most essential currency of exchange. Understanding the regulation of plant genes involved in the currency of exchange is crucial to understanding stability of this mutualism. Plants encounter many different AMF genotypes that vary greatly in the benefit they confer to plants. Yet the role that fungal genetic variation plays in the regulation of this currency has not received much attention. We used a high-resolution phylogeny of one AMF species (Rhizophagus irregularis) to show that fungal genetic variation drives the regulation of the plant fatty acid pathway in cassava (Manihot esculenta); a pathway regulating one of the essential currencies of trade in the symbiosis. The regulation of this pathway was explained by clearly defined patterns of fungal genome-wide variation representing the precise fungal evolutionary history. This represents the first demonstrated link between the genetics of AMF and reprogramming of an essential plant pathway regulating the currency of exchange in the symbiosis. The transcription factor RAM1 was also revealed as the dominant gene in the fatty acid plant gene co-expression network. Our study highlights the crucial role of variation in fungal genomes in the trade of resources in this important symbiosis and also opens the door to discovering characteristics of AMF genomes responsible for interactions between AMF and cassava that will lead to optimal cassava growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Savary
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cindy Dupuis
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric G Masclaux
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Vital-IT Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ivan D Mateus
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edward C Rojas
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian R Sanders
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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The potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in C cycling: a review. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1581-1596. [PMID: 32448964 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) contribute predominantly to soil organic matter by creating a sink demand for plant C and distributing to below-ground hyphal biomass. The extra-radical hyphae along with glomalin-related soil protein significantly influence the soil carbon dynamics through their larger extent and turnover period need to discuss. The role of AMF is largely overlooked in terrestrial C cycling and climate change models despite their greater involvement in net primary productivity augmentation and further accumulation of this additional photosynthetic fixed C in the soil. However, this buffering mechanism against elevated CO2 condition to sequester extra C by AMF can be described only after considering their potential interaction with other microbes and associated mineral nutrients such as nitrogen cycling. In this article, we try to review the potential of AMF in C sequestration paving the way towards a better understanding of possible AMF mechanism by which C balance between biosphere and atmosphere can be moved forward in more positive direction.
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Teranishi T, Kobae Y. Investigation of Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Performance Using a Lotus japonicus Mycorrhizal Mutant. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E658. [PMID: 32456108 PMCID: PMC7284865 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Most plants are usually colonized with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) in the fields. AMF absorb mineral nutrients, especially phosphate, from the soil and transfer them to the host plants. Inoculation with exotic AMF is thought to be effective when indigenous AMF performance is low; however, there is no method for evaluating the performance of indigenous AMF. In this study, we developed a method to investigate the performance of indigenous AMF in promoting plant growth. As Lotus japonicus mutant (str) that are unable to form functional mycorrhizal roots were considered to be symbiosis negative for indigenous mycorrhizal performance, we examined the growth ratios of wild-type and str mycorrhizal mutant using 24 soils. Each soil had its own unique indigenous mycorrhizal performance, which was not directly related to the colonization level of indigenous AMF or soil phosphate level. The low indigenous mycorrhizal performance could not be compensated by the inoculation of exotic AMF. Importantly, indigenous mycorrhizal performance was never negative; however, the inoculation of exotic AMF into the same soil led to both positive and negative performances. These results suggest that indigenous mycorrhizal performance is affected by soil management history and is basically harmless to the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshihro Kobae
- Laboratory of Crop Nutrition, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan;
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36
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Yoneyama K. Recent progress in the chemistry and biochemistry of strigolactones. JOURNAL OF PESTICIDE SCIENCE 2020; 45:45-53. [PMID: 32508512 PMCID: PMC7251197 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d19-084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are plant secondary metabolites derived from carotenoids. SLs play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development in planta and coordinate interactions between plants and other organisms including root parasitic plants, and symbiotic and pathogenic microbes in the rhizosphere. In the 50 years since the discovery of the first SL, strigol, our knowledge about the chemistry and biochemistry of SLs has advanced explosively, especially over the last two decades. In this review, recent advances in the chemistry and biology of SLs are summarized and possible future outcomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Yoneyama
- Women’s Future Development Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790–8577, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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37
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Zhang Z, Gao S, Chu C. Improvement of nutrient use efficiency in rice: current toolbox and future perspectives. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1365-1384. [PMID: 31919537 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Modern agriculture relies heavily on chemical fertilizers, especially in terms of cereal production. The excess application of fertilizers not only increases production cost, but also causes severe environmental problems. As one of the major cereal crops, rice (Oryza sativa L.) provides the staple food for nearly half of population worldwide, especially in developing countries. Therefore, improving rice yield is always the priority for rice breeding. Macronutrients, especially nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), are two most important players for the grain yield of rice. However, with economic development and improved living standard, improving nutritional quality such as micronutrient contents in grains has become a new goal in order to solve the "hidden hunger." Micronutrients, such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se), are critical nutritional elements for human health. Therefore, breeding the rice varieties with improved nutrient use efficiency (NUE) is thought to be one of the most feasible ways to increase both grain yield and nutritional quality with limited fertilizer input. In this review, we summarized the progresses in molecular dissection of genes for NUE by reverse genetics on macronutrients (N and P) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, and Se), exploring natural variations for improving NUE in rice; and also, the current genetic toolbox and future perspectives for improving rice NUE are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shaopei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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38
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Roy R, Reinders A, Ward JM, McDonald TR. Understanding transport processes in lichen, Azolla-cyanobacteria, ectomycorrhiza, endomycorrhiza, and rhizobia-legume symbiotic interactions. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32047609 PMCID: PMC6979478 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19740.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimate interactions between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic organisms require the orchestrated transfer of ions and metabolites between species. We review recent progress in identifying and characterizing the transport proteins involved in five mutualistic symbiotic interactions: lichens,
Azolla–cyanobacteria, ectomycorrhiza, endomycorrhiza, and rhizobia–legumes. This review focuses on transporters for nitrogen and carbon and other solutes exchanged in the interactions. Their predicted functions are evaluated on the basis of their transport mechanism and prevailing transmembrane gradients of H
+ and transported substrates. The symbiotic interactions are presented in the assumed order from oldest to most recently evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Roy
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anke Reinders
- College of Continuing and Professional Studies, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tami R McDonald
- Biology Department, St. Catherine University, Minnesota, USA
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Konečný J, Hršelová H, Bukovská P, Hujslová M, Jansa J. Correlative evidence for co-regulation of phosphorus and carbon exchanges with symbiotic fungus in the arbuscular mycorrhizal Medicago truncatula. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224938. [PMID: 31710651 PMCID: PMC6844471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research efforts directed to elucidation of mechanisms behind trading of resources between the partners in the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis have seen a considerable progress in the recent years. Yet, despite of the recent developments, some key questions still remain unanswered. For example, it is well established that the strictly biotrophic AM fungus releases phosphorus to- and receives carbon molecules from the plant symbiont, but the particular genes, and their products, responsible for facilitating this exchange, are still not fully described, nor are the principles and pathways of their regulation. Here, we made a de novo quest for genes involved in carbon transfer from the plant to the fungus using genome-wide gene expression array targeting whole root and whole shoot gene expression profiles of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Medicago truncatula plants grown in a glasshouse. Using physiological intervention of heavy shading (90% incoming light removed) and the correlation of expression levels of MtPT4, the mycorrhiza-inducible phosphate transporter operating at the symbiotic interface between the root cortical cells and the AM fungus, and our candidate genes, we demonstrate that several novel genes may be involved in resource tradings in the AM symbiosis established by M. truncatula. These include glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator, polyol/monosaccharide transporter, DUR3-like, nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferase or a putative membrane transporter. Besides, we also examined the expression of other M. truncatula phosphate transporters (MtPT1-3, MtPT5-6) to gain further insights in the balance between the "direct" and the "mycorrhizal" phosphate uptake pathways upon colonization of roots by the AM fungus, as affected by short-term carbon/energy deprivation. In addition, the role of the novel candidate genes in plant cell metabolism is discussed based on available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Konečný
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Hana Hršelová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Bukovská
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Hujslová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Jansa
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Prague, Czech Republic
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40
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Feng Z, Liu X, Feng G, Zhu H, Yao Q. Linking lipid transfer with reduced arbuscule formation in tomato roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus under low pH stress. Environ Microbiol 2019; 22:1036-1051. [PMID: 31608569 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Arbuscules are the core structures of arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), and arbuscule development is regulated by environmental stress, e.g., low pH. Recent studies indicate that lipid transfer from plants is essential for AM fungal colonization; however, the role of lipid transfer in arbuscule formation and the dynamics of lipid accumulation in arbuscules under low pH stress are far from well understood. In the symbiosis of tomato and Rhizophagus intraradices under contrasting pH conditions (pH 4.5 vs. pH 6.5), we investigated arbuscule formation, nutrient uptake, alkaline phosphatase activity and lipid accumulation; examined the gene expression involved in phosphate transport, lipid biosynthesis and transfer and sugar metabolism; and visualized the lipid dynamics in arbuscules. Low pH greatly inhibited arbuscule formation, in parallel with reduced phospholipid fatty acids accumulation in AM fungus and decreased P uptake. This reduction was supported by the decreased expression of plant genes encoding lipid biosynthesis and transfer. More degenerating arbuscules were observed under low pH conditions, and neutral lipid fatty acids accumulated only in degenerating arbuscules. These data reveal that, under low pH stress, reduced lipid transfer from hosts to AM fungi is responsible for the inhibited arbuscule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Feng
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grass Science, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grass Science, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Guangda Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Qing Yao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Grass Science, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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41
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Watts-Williams SJ, Emmett BD, Levesque-Tremblay V, MacLean AM, Sun X, Satterlee JW, Fei Z, Harrison MJ. Diverse Sorghum bicolor accessions show marked variation in growth and transcriptional responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1758-1774. [PMID: 30578745 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is an important crop grown worldwide for feed and fibre. Like most plants, it has the capacity to benefit from symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and its diverse genotypes likely vary in their responses. Currently, the genetic basis of mycorrhiza-responsiveness is largely unknown. Here, we investigated transcriptional and physiological responses of sorghum accessions, founders of a bioenergy nested association mapping panel, for their responses to four species of AM fungi. Transcriptome comparisons across four accessions identified mycorrhiza-inducible genes; stringent filtering criteria revealed 278 genes that show mycorrhiza-inducible expression independent of genotype and 55 genes whose expression varies with genotype. The latter suggests variation in phosphate transport and defence across these accessions. The mycorrhiza growth and nutrient responses of 18 sorghum accessions varied tremendously, ranging from mycorrhiza-dependent to negatively mycorrhiza-responsive. Additionally, accessions varied in the number of AM fungi to which they showed positive responses, from one to several fungal species. Mycorrhiza growth and phosphorus responses were positively correlated, whereas expression of two mycorrhiza-inducible phosphate transporters, SbPT8 and SbPT9, correlated negatively with mycorrhizal growth responses. AM fungi improve growth and mineral nutrition of sorghum, and the substantial variation between lines provides the potential to map loci influencing mycorrhiza responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan D Emmett
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, 14853, New York, USA
| | | | - Allyson M MacLean
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, 14853, New York, USA
| | - Xuepeng Sun
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, 14853, New York, USA
| | - James W Satterlee
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, 14853, New York, USA
- Plant Biology Section, SIPs, Cornell University, Ithaca, 14853, NY, USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, 14853, New York, USA
| | - Maria J Harrison
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Rd, Ithaca, 14853, New York, USA
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42
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Dreyer I, Spitz O, Kanonenberg K, Montag K, Handrich MR, Ahmad S, Schott‐Verdugo S, Navarro‐Retamal C, Rubio‐Meléndez ME, Gomez‐Porras JL, Riedelsberger J, Molina‐Montenegro MA, Succurro A, Zuccaro A, Gould SB, Bauer P, Schmitt L, Gohlke H. Nutrient exchange in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis from a thermodynamic point of view. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1043-1053. [PMID: 30565261 PMCID: PMC6667911 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To obtain insights into the dynamics of nutrient exchange in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, we modelled mathematically the two-membrane system at the plant-fungus interface and simulated its dynamics. In computational cell biology experiments, the full range of nutrient transport pathways was tested for their ability to exchange phosphorus (P)/carbon (C)/nitrogen (N) sources. As a result, we obtained a thermodynamically justified, independent and comprehensive model of the dynamics of the nutrient exchange at the plant-fungus contact zone. The predicted optimal transporter network coincides with the transporter set independently confirmed in wet-laboratory experiments previously, indicating that all essential transporter types have been discovered. The thermodynamic analyses suggest that phosphate is released from the fungus via proton-coupled phosphate transporters rather than anion channels. Optimal transport pathways, such as cation channels or proton-coupled symporters, shuttle nutrients together with a positive charge across the membranes. Only in exceptional cases does electroneutral transport via diffusion facilitators appear to be plausible. The thermodynamic models presented here can be generalized and adapted to other forms of mycorrhiza and open the door for future studies combining wet-laboratory experiments with computational simulations to obtain a deeper understanding of the investigated phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dreyer
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM)Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Olivia Spitz
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Kerstin Kanonenberg
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Karolin Montag
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich‐Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Maria R. Handrich
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute for Molecular EvolutionHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Sabahuddin Ahmad
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Stephan Schott‐Verdugo
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM)Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Carlos Navarro‐Retamal
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM)Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - María E. Rubio‐Meléndez
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM)Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
| | - Judith L. Gomez‐Porras
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM)Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
| | - Janin Riedelsberger
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM)Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
- Instalación en la AcademiaNúcleo Científico MultidisciplinarioDirección de InvestigaciónVicerrectoría AcadémicaUniversidad de Talca2 Norte 685Talca3460000Chile
| | - Marco A. Molina‐Montenegro
- Instituto de Ciencias BiológicasUniversidad de TalcaAvenida Lircay s/nTalca3460000Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA)Universidad Católica del NorteAvda. Larrondo 1281CoquimboChile
| | - Antonella Succurro
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) InstituteUniversity of BonnCarl‐Troll‐Str. 3153115 BonnGermany
- Botanical InstituteCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)University of Cologne50674KolnGermany
| | - Alga Zuccaro
- Botanical InstituteCluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)University of Cologne50674KolnGermany
| | - Sven B. Gould
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute for Molecular EvolutionHeinrich Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Petra Bauer
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of BotanyHeinrich‐Heine UniversityUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Lutz Schmitt
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Holger Gohlke
- SFB 1208 – Identity and Dynamics of Membrane Systems – from Molecules to Cellular FunctionsHeinrich Heine Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal ChemistryHeinrich‐Heine‐Universität DüsseldorfUniversitätsstraße 140225DüsseldorfGermany
- John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC)Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC) & Institute for Complex Systems – Structural Biochemistry (ICS‐6)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH52425JülichGermany
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Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Nutrient Use Efficiency Traits, Using SNP Markers in an Early Backcross Population of Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040900. [PMID: 30791412 PMCID: PMC6413108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of rice cultivars with nutrient use efficiency (NuUE) is highly crucial for sustaining global rice production in Asia and Africa. However, this requires a better understanding of the genetics of NuUE-related traits and their relationship to grain yield. In this study, simultaneous efforts were made to develop nutrient use efficient rice cultivars and to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) governing NuUE-related traits in rice. A total of 230 BC1F5 introgression lines (ILs) were developed from a single early backcross population involving Weed Tolerant Rice 1, as the recipient parent, and Hao-an-nong, as the donor parent. The ILs were cultivated in field conditions with a different combination of fertilizer schedule under six nutrient conditions: minus nitrogen (–N), minus phosphorus (–P), (–NP), minus nitrogen phosphorus and potassium (–NPK), 75% of recommended nitrogen (75N), and NPK. Analysis of variance revealed that significant differences (p < 0.01) were noted among ILs and treatments for all traits. A high-density linkage map was constructed by using 704 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A total of 49 main-effect QTLs were identified on all chromosomes, except on chromosome 7, 11 and 12, which are showing 20.25% to 34.68% of phenotypic variation. With further analysis of these QTLs, we refined them to four top hotspot QTLs (QTL harbor-I to IV) located on chromosomes 3, 5, 9, and 11. However, we identified four novel putative QTLs for agronomic efficiency (AE) and 22 QTLs for partial factor productivity (PFP) under –P and 75N conditions. These interval regions of QTLs, several transporters and genes are located that were involved in nutrient uptake from soil to plant organs and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Further, the validation of these potential QTLs, genes may provide remarkable value for marker-aided selection and pyramiding of multiple QTLs, which would provide supporting evidence for the enhancement of grain yield and cloning of NuUE tolerance-responsive genes in rice.
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Lanfranco L, Fiorilli V, Gutjahr C. Partner communication and role of nutrients in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 220:1031-1046. [PMID: 29806959 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1031 I. Introduction 1031 II. Interkingdom communication enabling symbiosis 1032 III. Nutritional and regulatory roles for key metabolites in the AM symbiosis 1035 IV. The plant-fungus genotype combination determines the outcome of the symbiosis 1039 V. Perspectives 1039 Acknowledgements 1041 References 1041 SUMMARY: The evolutionary and ecological success of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis relies on an efficient and multifactorial communication system for partner recognition, and on a fine-tuned and reciprocal metabolic regulation of each symbiont to reach an optimal functional integration. Besides strigolactones, N-acetylglucosamine-derivatives released by the plant were recently suggested to trigger fungal reprogramming at the pre-contact stage. Remarkably, N-acetylglucosamine-based diffusible molecules also are symbiotic signals produced by AM fungi (AMF) and clues on the mechanisms of their perception by the plant are emerging. AMF genomes and transcriptomes contain a battery of putative effector genes that may have conserved and AMF- or host plant-specific functions. Nutrient exchange is the key feature of AM symbiosis. A mechanism of phosphate transport inside fungal hyphae has been suggested, and first insights into the regulatory mechanisms of root colonization in accordance with nutrient transfer and status were obtained. The recent discovery of the dependency of AMF on fatty acid transfer from the host has offered a convincing explanation for their obligate biotrophism. Novel studies highlighted the importance of plant and fungal genotypes for the outcome of the symbiosis. These findings open new perspectives for fundamental research and application of AMF in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, D-85354, Freising, Germany
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Roth R, Chiapello M, Montero H, Gehrig P, Grossmann J, O'Holleran K, Hartken D, Walters F, Yang SY, Hillmer S, Schumacher K, Bowden S, Craze M, Wallington EJ, Miyao A, Sawers R, Martinoia E, Paszkowski U. A rice Serine/Threonine receptor-like kinase regulates arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis at the peri-arbuscular membrane. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4677. [PMID: 30410018 PMCID: PMC6224560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In terrestrial ecosystems most plant species live in mutualistic symbioses with nutrient-delivering arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Establishment of AM symbioses includes transient, intracellular formation of fungal feeding structures, the arbuscules. A plant-derived peri-arbuscular membrane (PAM) surrounds the arbuscules, mediating reciprocal nutrient exchange. Signaling at the PAM must be well coordinated to achieve this dynamic cellular intimacy. Here, we identify the PAM-specific Arbuscular Receptor-like Kinase 1 (ARK1) from maize and rice to condition sustained AM symbiosis. Mutation of rice ARK1 causes a significant reduction in vesicles, the fungal storage structures, and a concomitant reduction in overall root colonization by the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Arbuscules, although less frequent in the ark1 mutant, are morphologically normal. Co-cultivation with wild-type plants restores vesicle and spore formation, suggesting ARK1 function is required for the completion of the fungal life-cycle, thereby defining a functional stage, post arbuscule development. The peri-arbuscular membrane (PAM) mediates mutually-beneficial nutrient exchange between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Here the authors identify ARK1, a PAM-specific receptor-like kinase from rice that sustains AM symbiosis post-arbuscule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronelle Roth
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.
| | - Marco Chiapello
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Héctor Montero
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Peter Gehrig
- Functional Genomics Center, University and ETH Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Grossmann
- Functional Genomics Center, University and ETH Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kevin O'Holleran
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Denise Hartken
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Fergus Walters
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Shu-Yi Yang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Stefan Hillmer
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Bowden
- The John Bingham Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Melanie Craze
- The John Bingham Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Emma J Wallington
- The John Bingham Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Akio Miyao
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Advanced Genomics Breeding Section, Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Ruairidh Sawers
- Laboratorio Nacional de Genómica para la Biodiversidad, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, 36821, Irapuato, GTO, Mexico
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK. .,Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Jiang Y, Xie Q, Wang W, Yang J, Zhang X, Yu N, Zhou Y, Wang E. Medicago AP2-Domain Transcription Factor WRI5a Is a Master Regulator of Lipid Biosynthesis and Transfer during Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:1344-1359. [PMID: 30292683 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants have evolved a mutualistic symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi that improve nutrient acquisition from the soil. In return, up to 20% of host plant photosynthate is transferred to the mycorrhizal fungus in the form of lipids and sugar. Nutrient exchange must be regulated by both partners in order to maintain a reliable symbiotic relationship. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of lipid transfer from the plant to the AM fungus remain elusive. Here, we show that the Medicago truncatula AP2/EREBP transcription factor WRI5a, and likely its two homologs WRI5b/Erf1 and WRI5c, are master regulators of AM symbiosis controlling lipid transfer and periarbuscular membrane formation. We found that WRI5a binds AW-box cis-regulatory elements in the promoters of M. truncatula STR, which encodes a periarbuscular membrane-localized ABC transporter required for lipid transfer from the plant to the AM fungus, and MtPT4, which encodes a phosphate transporter required for phosphate transfer from the AM fungus to the plant. The hairy roots of the M. truncatula wri5a mutant and RNAi composite plants displayed impaired arbuscule formation, whereas overexpression of WRI5a resulted in enhanced expression of STR and MtPT4, suggesting that WRI5a regulates bidirectional symbiotic nutrient exchange. Moreover, we found that WRI5a and RAM1 (Required for Arbuscular Mycorrhization symbiosis 1), which encodes a GRAS-domain transcription factor, regulate each other at the transcriptional level, forming a positive feedback loop for regulating AM symbiosis. Collectively, our data suggest a role for WRI5a in controlling bidirectional nutrient exchange and periarbuscular membrane formation via the regulation of genes involved in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and phosphate uptake in arbuscule-containing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiujin Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Wanxiao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nan Yu
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province; Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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47
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Choi J, Summers W, Paszkowski U. Mechanisms Underlying Establishment of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbioses. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2018; 56:135-160. [PMID: 29856935 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080516-035521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most land plants engage in mutually beneficial interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, the fungus providing phosphate and nitrogen in exchange for fixed carbon. During presymbiosis, both organisms communicate via oligosaccharides and butenolides. The requirement for a rice chitin receptor in symbiosis-induced lateral root development suggests that cell division programs operate in inner root tissues during both AM and nodule symbioses. Furthermore, the identification of transcription factors underpinning arbuscule development and degeneration reemphasized the plant's regulatory dominance in AM symbiosis. Finally, the finding that AM fungi, as lipid auxotrophs, depend on plant fatty acids (FAs) to complete their asexual life cycle revealed the basis for fungal biotrophy. Intriguingly, lipid metabolism is also central for asexual reproduction and interaction of the fungal sister clade, the Mucoromycotina, with endobacteria, indicative of an evolutionarily ancient role for lipids in fungal mutualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Choi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
| | - William Summers
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
| | - Uta Paszkowski
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom;
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48
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Keymer A, Gutjahr C. Cross-kingdom lipid transfer in arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis and beyond. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 44:137-144. [PMID: 29729528 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a widespread symbiosis between most land plants and fungi of the Glomeromycotina, which has existed for more than 400million years. AM fungi (AMF) improve plant nutrition with mineral nutrients and conversely, their growth and development is fueled by organic carbon supplied from their host. Recent studies demonstrated independently and with different experimental approaches that lipids are transferred from plants to fungi in addition to sugars, and that AMF are dependent on this lipid supply because they lack genes encoding fatty acid synthase I subunits. Dependence on host lipids or lipid parasitism occur in a range of interorganismic associations with participants from almost all kingdoms. Thus, these phenomena seem rather common in mutualistic and parasitic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Keymer
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Biocenter Martinsried, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Emil Ramann Str. 4, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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49
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Luginbuehl LH, Oldroyd GED. Understanding the Arbuscule at the Heart of Endomycorrhizal Symbioses in Plants. Curr Biol 2018; 27:R952-R963. [PMID: 28898668 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form associations with most land plants and facilitate nutrient uptake from the soil, with the plant receiving mineral nutrients from the fungus and in return providing the fungus with fixed carbon. This nutrient exchange takes place through highly branched fungal structures called arbuscules that are formed in cortical cells of the host root. Recent discoveries have highlighted the importance of fatty acids, in addition to sugars, acting as the form of fixed carbon transferred from the plant to the fungus and several studies have begun to elucidate the mechanisms that control the plant processes necessary for fungal colonisation and arbuscule development. In this review, we analyse the mechanisms that allow arbuscule development and the processes necessary for nutrient exchange between the plant and the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie H Luginbuehl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Giles E D Oldroyd
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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50
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Brands M, Wewer V, Keymer A, Gutjahr C, Dörmann P. The Lotus japonicus acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase FatM is required for mycorrhiza formation and lipid accumulation of Rhizophagus irregularis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:219-232. [PMID: 29687516 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi establish symbiotic interactions with plants, providing the host plant with minerals, i.e. phosphate, in exchange for organic carbon. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi of the order Glomerales produce vesicles which store lipids as an energy and carbon source. Acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterases (Fat) are essential components of the plant plastid-localized fatty acid synthase and determine the chain length of de novo synthesized fatty acids. In addition to the ubiquitous FatA and FatB thioesterases, AM-competent plants contain an additional, AM-specific, FatM gene. Here, we characterize FatM from Lotus japonicus by phenotypically analyzing fatm mutant lines and by studying the biochemical function of the recombinant FatM protein. Reduced shoot phosphate content in fatm indicates compromised symbiotic phosphate uptake due to reduced arbuscule branching, and the fungus shows reduced lipid accumulation accompanied by the occurrence of smaller and less frequent vesicles. Lipid profiling reveals a decrease in mycorrhiza-specific phospholipid forms, AM fungal signature fatty acids (e.g. 16:1ω5, 18:1ω7 and 20:3) and storage lipids. Recombinant FatM shows preference for palmitoyl (16:0)-ACP, indicating that large amounts of 16:0 fatty acid are exported from the plastids of arbuscule-containing cells. Stable isotope labeling with [13 C2 ]acetate showed reduced incorporation into mycorrhiza-specific fatty acids in the fatm mutant. Therefore, colonized cells reprogram plastidial de novo fatty acid synthesis towards the production of extra amounts of 16:0, which is in agreement with previous results that fatty acid-containing lipids are transported from the plant to the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Brands
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology and Physiology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vera Wewer
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology and Physiology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Center of Excellence in Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Mass Spectrometry Platform, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 47b, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Keymer
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Biocenter, Martinsried, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Biocenter, Martinsried, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2-4, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
- Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Emil Ramann Straße 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology and Physiology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
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