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Vasconcelos MPA, Sánchez-Arcila JC, Peres L, de Sousa PSF, Castro-Alves J, Albuquerque HG, Mendes-Correa MC, Maia-Herzog M, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Villar LM, Oliveira-Ferreira J. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, C, and D and associated factors in the semi-isolated Yanomami Amazonian indigenous community. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:15. [PMID: 38166687 PMCID: PMC10762995 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis is a significant health concern among indigenous population in the Americas. In Brazil, reports find high endemicity of HBV and HDV infections has been reported in several indigenous groups. However, few studies have documented the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HDV in the Yanomami. In this study, the prevalence of hepatitis B, C, and D serological markers and potential risk factors were investigated to provide guidance for the development of strategies aimed at reducing viral transmission in the Yanomami indigenous villages. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in March 2015 and included 430 individuals from four Yanomami villages: Alapusi (n = 78), Castanha/Ahima (n = 126), Gasolina (n = 105), and Taibrapa (n = 121). A rapid test was used for detection of HBsAg and anti-HCV and chemiluminescent immunoassay for anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HDV antibodies. RESULTS HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs were detected in 8.8, 45.5, and 49.4% of the participants, respectively. The estimated HBV status: current infection 9.6% (38/395); resolved infection 43.3% (171/395); vaccine immunity 20.5% (81/395), and susceptible to HBV 26.6% (105/395). Gasolina presented the lowest prevalence of HBV infection (6.5%) and the highest prevalence of vaccine immunity (26.9%). Children < 15 years old were highly susceptible to infection, as 53.1% did not have antibodies to HBV, while more than 80% of individuals over 45 years of age had been exposed to HBV. The markers for HDV were founded among 12.5% (4/32) of the HBsAg carriers. Anti-HCV was identified in all villages, with the highest prevalence in Alapusi (5.1%). Possible risk factors such as the use of piercings, tattoos, and contact with prospectors showed no statistical difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Viral hepatitis B and serological markers for HCV and HDV were found to be widely distributed among the Yanomami indigenous community, while the prevalence of vaccine immunity to HBV was low. This finding reinforces the importance of promoting systematized diagnostic and vaccination strategies in indigenous communities. Our data confirm that isolated and difficult-to-reach indigenous communities lack appropriate access to diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pinheiro Alves Vasconcelos
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Rondônia - CEMETRON, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juan Camilo Sánchez-Arcila
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Peres
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Castro-Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilza Maia-Herzog
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Simulídeos, Oncocercose e Mansonelose, Coleção de Simulídeos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia Melo Villar
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Toyé RM, Loureiro CL, Jaspe RC, Zoulim F, Pujol FH, Chemin I. The Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes E to J: The Overlooked Genotypes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1908. [PMID: 37630468 PMCID: PMC10459053 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes E to J are understudied genotypes. Genotype E is found almost exclusively in West Africa. Genotypes F and H are found in America and are rare in other parts of the world. The distribution of genotype G is not completely known. Genotypes I and J are found in Asia and probably result from recombination events with other genotypes. The number of reported sequences for HBV genotypes E to J is small compared to other genotypes, which could impact phylogenetic and pairwise distance analyses. Genotype F is the most divergent of the HBV genotypes and is subdivided into six subgenotypes F1 to F6. Genotype E may be a recent genotype circulating almost exclusively in sub-Saharan Africa. Genotype J is a putative genotype originating from a single Japanese patient. The paucity of data from sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America is due to the under-representation of these regions in clinical and research cohorts. The purpose of this review is to highlight the need for further research on HBV genotypes E to J, which appear to be overlooked genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayana Maryse Toyé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), 151 Cours Albert Thomas, 69003 Lyon, France; (R.M.T.); (F.Z.)
| | - Carmen Luisa Loureiro
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular (CMBC), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (C.L.L.); (R.C.J.)
| | - Rossana Celeste Jaspe
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular (CMBC), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (C.L.L.); (R.C.J.)
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), 151 Cours Albert Thomas, 69003 Lyon, France; (R.M.T.); (F.Z.)
| | - Flor Helene Pujol
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Centro de Microbiología y Biología Celular (CMBC), Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas 1020A, Venezuela; (C.L.L.); (R.C.J.)
- Collégium de Lyon, Institut d’Etudes Avancées, Université Lyon 2, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Chemin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), 151 Cours Albert Thomas, 69003 Lyon, France; (R.M.T.); (F.Z.)
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da Silva Queiroz JA, Roca TP, Souza RB, de Souza LFA, Passos-Silva AM, da Silva ALF, de Castro E Silva E, Borzacov LMP, de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo R, Dos Santos Pereira S, Dantas TO, Mazaro J, Villar LM, Salcedo JMV, da Matta DA, Vieira D. Development of quantitative multiplex RT-qPCR one step assay for detection of hepatitis delta virus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12073. [PMID: 37495613 PMCID: PMC10372040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37756-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis Delta is a disease caused by exposure to hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis D (HDV) viruses, usually with a more severe clinical outcome when compared to an HBV monoinfection. To date, the real prevalence of HDV infection is underestimated and detection methods are poorly available, especially in more endemic regions. Therefore, a one-step RT-qPCR method for quantification of HDV-RNA was developed. Biological samples were selected between 2017 and 2023 from patients at the Ambulatório Especializado em Hepatites Virais of the Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical de Rondônia and Serviço de Assistência Especializada and underwent the test developed by this study and a second quantitative RT-qPCR assay. The slope of the initial quantitative assay was - 3.321 with an efficiency of 100.04% and amplification factor equal to 2. Analysis of the repeatability data revealed a Limit of Quantification of 5 copies/reaction and Limit of Detection (95%) of 2.83 copies per reaction. In the diagnostic sensitivity tests, there was an accuracy of 97.37% when compared to the reference test. This assay proved to be highly efficient and reproducible, making it a valuable tool to monitor hepatitis Delta patients and assess the risk of disease progression, as well as the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Alves da Silva Queiroz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia FIOCRUZ/RO, Rua da Beira, 7176, Porto Velho, 76812-245, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia - UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, 76801-974, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Tárcio Peixoto Roca
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia FIOCRUZ/RO, Rua da Beira, 7176, Porto Velho, 76812-245, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, FIOCRUZ, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rutilene Barbosa Souza
- Centro de Infectologia Charles Merieux & Laboratório Rodolphe Merieux (FUNDHACRE), Rio Branco, 69918-340, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Salvador, 40110-909, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fellype Alves de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, FIOCRUZ, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Infectologia Charles Merieux & Laboratório Rodolphe Merieux (FUNDHACRE), Rio Branco, 69918-340, Brazil
| | - Ana Maísa Passos-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia FIOCRUZ/RO, Rua da Beira, 7176, Porto Velho, 76812-245, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia - UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, 76801-974, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Ferreira da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia FIOCRUZ/RO, Rua da Beira, 7176, Porto Velho, 76812-245, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia - UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, 76801-974, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | - Eugênia de Castro E Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, FIOCRUZ, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical - CEPEM, Porto Velho, 76812-329, Brazil
| | | | | | - Soraya Dos Santos Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia FIOCRUZ/RO, Rua da Beira, 7176, Porto Velho, 76812-245, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia - UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, 76801-974, Porto Velho, Brazil
| | | | - Janaína Mazaro
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Acre - LACEN/AC, Rio Branco, 69900-614, Brazil
| | - Lívia Melo Villar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/IOC, FIOCRUZ, 21041-250, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Archimedes da Matta
- Centro de Infectologia Charles Merieux & Laboratório Rodolphe Merieux (FUNDHACRE), Rio Branco, 69918-340, Brazil
| | - Deusilene Vieira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia FIOCRUZ/RO, Rua da Beira, 7176, Porto Velho, 76812-245, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia - UNIR/FIOCRUZ/RO, 76801-974, Porto Velho, Brazil.
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Montoya-Guzman M, Martinez J, Castro-Arroyave D, Rojas C, Navas MC. Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection in Indigenous Communities in Colombia. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1739. [PMID: 37512911 PMCID: PMC10386745 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the universal vaccination program, there are still regions and territories with a high prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus infection (HBV), such as the Amazon basin, where several indigenous communities live. Additionally, Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) is a defective that requires the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for the assembly and release of de novo viral particles. Therefore, hepatitis D could be the result of HBV/HDV coinfection or HDV superinfection in individuals with chronic hepatitis B. Among the high prevalence HDV populations are indigenous communities of America. This study aims to describe and characterize the frequency of HBV and HDV infection, viral genotypes and HBV immune escape mutants in indigenous populations from different regions of Colombia. The diagnosis of hepatitis B and hepatitis D was confirmed by serological markers. Moreover, the HBV and HDV genome were amplified by PCR and RT-PCR, respectively, and, subsequently, the phylogenetic analysis was performed. We characterized 47 cases of chronic hepatitis B, 1 case of reactivation and 2 cases of occult hepatitis B infection (OBI). Furthermore, a high prevalence of HDV infection was identified in the study population (29.33%, 22/75) and the circulation of several HBV genotypes and subgenotypes (F1b, F3, F4, and D). Interestingly, this is the first report of the HDV genotype I circulation in this country. These findings demonstrated that HBV and HDV infections are still public health problems in indigenous communities in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Montoya-Guzman
- Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Jaime Martinez
- Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Diana Castro-Arroyave
- Grupo de Estudio en Pedagogía, Infancia y Desarrollo Humano (GEPIDH), Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Carlos Rojas
- Grupo Epidemiología, Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Maria-Cristina Navas
- Grupo Gastrohepatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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di Filippo Villa D, Navas MC. Vertical Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus-An Update. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1140. [PMID: 37317114 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in the world. Approximately 296 million people are chronically infected. In endemic areas, vertical transmission is a common route of transmission. There are several strategies for the prevention of HBV vertical transmission, such as antiviral treatment during the third trimester of pregnancy and immunoprophylaxis to newborns that includes the administration of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) and an HBV vaccine. Despite this, immunoprophylaxis failure can occur in up to 30% of infants born to HBeAg-positive mothers and/or with high viral load. Therefore, management and prevention of HBV vertical transmission is of paramount significance. In this article, we provided a review of the epidemiology, mechanisms of pathogenesis and risk factors of vertical transmission, as well as the strategies implemented to prevent the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana di Filippo Villa
- Gastrohepatology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin 050010, Colombia
| | - Maria-Cristina Navas
- Gastrohepatology Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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Pujol F, Jaspe RC, Loureiro CL, Chemin I. Hepatitis B virus American genotypes: Pathogenic variants ? Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:825-835. [PMID: 32553521 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic infection is responsible for almost 900.000 deaths each year, due to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ten HBV genotypes have been described (A-J). HBV genotype F and H circulate in America. HBV genotypes have been further classified in subgenotypes. There is a strong correlation between the genetic admixture of the American continent and the frequency of genotypes F or H: a high frequency of these genotypes is found in countries with a population with a higher ratio of Amerindian to African genetic admixture. The frequency of occult HBV infection in Amerindian communities from Latin America seems to be higher than the one found in other HBV-infected groups, but its association with American genotypes is unknown. There is growing evidence that some genotypes might be associated with a faster evolution to HCC. In particular, HBV genotype F has been implicated in a frequent and rapid progression to HCC. However, HBV genotype H has been associated to a less severe progression of disease. This study reviews the diversity and frequency of autochthonous HBV variants in the Americas and evaluates their association to severe progression of disease. Although no significant differences were found in the methylation pattern between different genotypes and subgenotypes of the American types, basal core promoter mutations might be more frequent in some subgenotypes, such as F1b and F2, than in other American subgenotypes or genotype H. F1b and probably F2 may be associated with a severe presentation of liver disease as opposed to a more benign course for subgenotype F4 and genotype H. Thus, preliminary evidence suggests that not all of the American variants are associated with a rapid progression to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Pujol
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Apdo 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela.
| | - Rossana C Jaspe
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Apdo 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Carmen L Loureiro
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, CMBC, IVIC, Apdo 20632, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela
| | - Isabelle Chemin
- INSERM U1052, CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, centre Léon Bérard, centre de recherche en cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France
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Cardona Chorro NE, León Tapo TM. MARCADORES SEROLOGICOS DEL VIRUS DE HEPATITIS B EN PUEBLOS INDIGENAS DEL ESTADO AMAZONAS, VENEZUELA. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v25n3.79509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Venezuela presenta un nivel de prevalencia intermedia de Hepatitis B, con cuatro focos de alta endemicidad asociados principalmente a población indígena. Las prevalencias halladas en el Amazonas venezolano tienen distintas distribuciones entre los pueblos, observándose diferentes particularidades epidemiológicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue reportar la prevalencia de VHB en población indígena de diferentes pueblos y regiones geográficas del estado Amazonas, que no habían sido evaluados hasta la fecha, mediante la determinación de los marcadores serológicos: Antígeno de Superficie del Virus de Hepatitis B (AgsHB) y Anticuerpos Anticore (Anti-HBc). Se estudiaron 1390 individuos de 15 pueblos indígenas (Baniva, Baré, Curripaco, Jivi, Mapoyo, Maco, Piapoco, Piaroa, Puinave, Sáliba, Warekena, Yabarana, Yanomami, Yekuana, Yeral), resultando una prevalencia de exposición al Virus de 37,6 % (Anti-HBc), y una prevalencia de infección activa de 5,6 % (AgsHB). La prevalencia de exposición al virus es proporcional a la edad. No se encontró diferencia significativa en relación al sexo. La exposición al virus en el pueblo Sáliba fue significativamente menor al resto de los pueblos indígenas (p<0,001), y la observada en Yabarana, significativamente mayor (p<0,001). Se encontró una prevalencia de AgsHB significativamente mayor (p<0,01) en el pueblo indígena Yabarana. Se puede predecir que existe relación entre prevalencia de exposición al virus de hepatitis B y la distancia geográfica al centro urbano.
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Stockdale AJ, Kreuels B, Henrion MRY, Giorgi E, Kyomuhangi I, Geretti AM. Hepatitis D prevalence: problems with extrapolation to global population estimates. Gut 2020; 69:396-397. [PMID: 30567743 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Stockdale
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Benno Kreuels
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Tropical Medicine, 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marc R Y Henrion
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.,Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emanuele Giorgi
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Irene Kyomuhangi
- Centre for Health Informatics, Computing, and Statistics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK
| | - Anna Maria Geretti
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Scarponi CFDO, Silva RDND, Souza Filho JAD, Guerra MRL, Pedrosa MAF, Mol MPG. Hepatitis Delta Prevalence in South America: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20180289. [PMID: 30698197 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0289-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) has been associated with acute or chronic hepatitis in Latin America, but there is no prevalence study covering South American countries. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate anti-HDV prevalence through a systematic review of published articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish until December 2017. Searches were conducted in Health Virtual Library, Capes, Lilacs, PubMed, and SciELO, according to defined criteria regarding participant selection and geographical setting. Study quality was assessed using the GRADE guidelines. Pooled anti-HDV prevalence was calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation. Out of the 405 identified articles, only 31 met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. In South America, pooled anti-HDV prevalence among hepatitis B virus carriers was 22.37% (95% confidence interval: 13.72-32.26), though it appeared less frequently in some countries and populations, according to the data collection date. The findings indicated significant successive reductions in anti-HDV prevalence over thirty years. However, there was a scarcity of HDV epidemiological studies outside the Amazon Basin, notably in the Southwest continent and absence of target population standardization. There was a high HDV prevalence in South American countries, despite differences in methodological characteristics and outcomes, highlighting a drastic decline in the last decades. Future studies should identify HDV prevalence estimates in other regions of the continent and identify risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcos Paulo Gomes Mol
- Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento. Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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Russell NK, Nazar K, Del Pino S, Alonso Gonzalez M, Díaz Bermúdez XP, Ravasi G. HIV, syphilis, and viral hepatitis among Latin American indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants: a systematic review. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2019; 43:e17. [PMID: 31093241 PMCID: PMC6393722 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2019.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify and summarize existing literature on the burden of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and viral hepatitis (VH) in indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants in Latin America to provide a broad panorama of the quantitative data available and highlight problematic data gaps. Methods Published and grey literature were systematically reviewed to identify documents published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese with data collected between January 2000 and April 2016 on HIV, STI, and VH disease burden among indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants in 17 Latin American countries. Results Sixty-two documents from 12 countries were found. HIV prevalence was generally low (< 1%) but pockets of high prevalence (> 5%) were noted in some indigenous communities in Venezuela (Warao) (9.6%), Peru (Chayahuita) (7.5%), and Colombia (Wayuu females) (7.0%). High active syphilis prevalence (> 5%) was seen in some indigenous communities in Paraguay (11.6% and 9.7%) and Peru (Chayahuita) (6.3%). High endemicity (> 8%) of hepatitis B was found in some indigenous peoples in Mexico (Huichol) (9.4%) and Venezuela (Yanomami: 14.3%; Japreira: 29.5%) and among Afro-descendant quilombola populations in Brazil (Frechal: 12.5%; Furnas do Dionísio: 8.4% in 2008, 9.2% in 2003). Conclusions The gaps in existing data on the burden of HIV, STIs, and VH in indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants in Latin America highlight the need to 1) improve national surveillance, by systematically collecting and analyzing ethnicity variables, and implementing integrated biobehavioral studies using robust methodologies and culturally sensitive strategies; 2) develop a region-wide response policy that considers the needs of indigenous peoples and Afro-descendants; and 3) implement an intercultural approach to health and service delivery to eliminate health access barriers and improve health outcomes for these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy K Russell
- Consultant, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Kevin Nazar
- George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Sandra Del Pino
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | | | | | - Giovanni Ravasi
- Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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Delfino CM, Cerrudo CS, Biglione M, Oubiña JR, Ghiringhelli PD, Mathet VL. A comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of hepatitis D virus full-length genomes. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:860-869. [PMID: 29406571 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In association with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a subviral agent that may promote severe acute and chronic forms of liver disease. Based on the percentage of nucleotide identity of the genome, HDV was initially classified into three genotypes. However, since 2006, the original classification has been further expanded into eight clades/genotypes. The intergenotype divergence may be as high as 35%-40% over the entire RNA genome, whereas sequence heterogeneity among the isolates of a given genotype is <20%; furthermore, HDV recombinants have been clearly demonstrated. The genetic diversity of HDV is related to the geographic origin of the isolates. This study shows the first comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of the complete available set of HDV sequences, using both nucleotide and protein phylogenies (based on an evolutionary model selection, gamma distribution estimation, tree inference and phylogenetic distance estimation), protein composition analysis and comparison (based on the presence of invariant residues, molecular signatures, amino acid frequencies and mono- and di-amino acid compositional distances), as well as amino acid changes in sequence evolution. Taking into account the congruent and consistent results of both nucleotide and amino acid analyses of GenBank available sequences (recorded as of January, 2017), we propose that the eight hepatitis D virus genotypes may be grouped into three large genogroups fully supported by their shared characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Delfino
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, (IMPAM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C S Cerrudo
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular - Área Virosis de Insectos (LIGBCM-AVI), Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Biglione
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J R Oubiña
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, (IMPAM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P D Ghiringhelli
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética y Biología Celular y Molecular - Área Virosis de Insectos (LIGBCM-AVI), Instituto de Microbiología Básica y Aplicada (IMBA), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V L Mathet
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica, (IMPAM), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Decreasing prevalence of Hepatitis B and absence of Hepatitis C Virus infection in the Warao indigenous population of Venezuela. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197662. [PMID: 29799873 PMCID: PMC5969771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prevalence and molecular epidemiology studies for hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus are scarce in Warao Amerindians from Venezuela, where an epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has recently been documented. To carry out a molecular epidemiology analysis of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus in Warao individuals from the Delta Amacuro State of Venezuela. A total of 548 sera were tested for serological and molecular markers for HBV and HCV. The prevalence of active infection (presence of HBV surface antigen, HBsAg), exposure to HBV (presence of Antibody to HBV core antigen, anti-HBc) and anti-HCV, was 1.8%, 13% and 0% respectively. HBV exposure was significantly lower in men below 18 years old and also lower than rates previously reported in other Amerindian communities from Venezuela. Thirty one percent (31%, 25/80) of individuals without evidence of HBV infection exhibited anti-HBs titer ≥ 10U.I / ml, being significantly more frequent in individuals younger than 20 years. A higher HBV exposure was observed among HIV-1 positive individuals (33% vs 11%, p <0.005). A high prevalence of occult HBV infection was also observed (5.6%, 11/195). Phylogenetic analysis of S gene and complete HBV genomes showed that F3 is the only circulating subgenotype, different from the F2 subgenotype found in 1991 in this population. These results suggest a recent introduction of subgenotype F3, with a low divergence among the isolates. These results highlight the importance of molecular epidemiology studies for viral control, and support the effectiveness of vaccination in reducing transmission of HBV.
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Lago BV, Mello FCA, Barros TM, Mello VM, Villar LM, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Pardini MIMC, Lampe E. Hepatitis D infection in Brazil: Prevalence and geographical distribution of anti-Delta antibody. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1358-1363. [PMID: 29663457 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In Brazil, the Amazon Basin is endemic for hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection; however, studies in other regions of the country are scarce. This study aims to map the seroepidemiological situation of anti-Delta antibodies in chronic hepatitis B carriers in all five Brazilian geographic regions. Serum samples from 1240 HBsAg positive individuals (55.4% men; mean age 43.1 ± 13.4 years) from 24 of 26 Brazilian states were tested for the presence of anti-Delta antibodies using a commercial immunoassay. Anti-Delta antibodies were detected in 40 samples (3.2%; 52.5% female; mean age of 38.1 ± 13.8 years). Age less than 20 years was significantly associated with anti-HDV positivity (P < 0.001). The distribution of anti-Delta differed markedly in the diverse regions of the country. The highest prevalence of anti-HDV was found in the North (8.5%; P < 0.001), followed by Central West (2.5%), Southeast (1.7%), Northeast (0.8%), and South (0.0%). Anti-Delta antibodies were detected in 12 states, but more than 60% of the positive cases were observed in two states, Amazonas and Acre, located in the western portion of the Amazon region. The overall HDV prevalence of 3.2% emphasizes that HDV is far from being a disease under control in Brazil. Despite the low HDV prevalence in non-endemic regions, this infection persists as a major concern in two states (Acre and Amazonas) in the north of the country, indicating that a continuous epidemiological surveillance program should be implemented in all Brazilian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara V Lago
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco C A Mello
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tairine M Barros
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vinicius M Mello
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Livia M Villar
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lia L Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês M C Pardini
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina (FMB), Divisão Hemocentro, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Godoy BA, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Zagonel-Oliveira M, Alvarado-Mora MV, Salzano FM, Pinho JRR, Fagundes NJR. High prevalence of HBV/A1 subgenotype in native south Americans may be explained by recent economic developments in the Amazon. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:354-63. [PMID: 27267305 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Native American populations present the highest prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in the Americas, which may be associated to severe disease outcomes. Ten HBV genotypes (A–J) have been described, displaying a remarkable geographic structure, which most likely reflects historic patterns of human migrations. In this study, we characterize the HBV strains circulating in a historical sample of Native South Americans to characterize the historical viral dynamics in this population. The sample consisted of 1070 individuals belonging to 38 populations collected between 1965 and 1997. Presence of HBV DNA was checked by quantitative real-time PCR, and determination of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes was performed through sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of a fragment including part of HBsAg and Pol coding regions (S/Pol). A Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis was performed to compare the viral population dynamics of HBV/A1 strains found in Native Americans and in the general Brazilian population. A total of 109 individuals were positive for HBV DNA (~ 10%), and 70 samples were successfully sequenced and genotyped. Subgenotype A1 (HBV/A1), related to African populations and the African slave trade, was the most prevalent (66–94%). The Skyline Plot analysis showed a marked population expansion of HBV/A1 in Native Americans occurring more recently (1945–1965) than in the general Brazilian population. Our results suggest that historic processes that contributed to formation of HBV/A1 circulating in Native American are related with more recent migratory waves towards the Amazon basin, which generated a different viral dynamics in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiane A Godoy
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Michele S Gomes-Gouvêa
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zagonel-Oliveira
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; VIZLab - Advanced Visualization Laboratory, UNISINOS, São Leopoldo, RS, Brazil
| | - Mónica V Alvarado-Mora
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco M Salzano
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - João R R Pinho
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", Institute of Tropical Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson J R Fagundes
- Genetics Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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di Filippo Villa D, Cortes-Mancera F, Payares E, Montes N, de la Hoz F, Arbelaez MP, Correa G, Navas MC. Hepatitis D virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Amerindian communities of the Amazonas state, Colombia. Virol J 2015; 12:172. [PMID: 26497287 PMCID: PMC4619413 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Colombia, cases of Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection have been officially described since 1985 mainly in Amerindian population from Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (North Caribbean Coast), Uraba (North West), and Amazon (South East). The last official report of a clinical case of HDV infection in Colombia was registered in 2005. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to identify cases of HDV and/or Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in asymptomatic Amerindians from Amazonas state, South East Colombia, and to describe the circulating viral genotypes in this population. STUDY DESIGN The study population was recruited in 19 Amerindian communities in the Amazonas state. Individuals over 18 years old were screened by rapid test for Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg). Blood samples obtained from individuals positives for HBsAg in the rapid-test assay were analyzed for HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HDV IgM/IgG by ELISA. The detection of HBV DNA and HDV RNA was performed by PCR amplification. The viral genotype was determined by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS A total of 23/861 individuals were positive for HBsAg detection by rapid test. Serological and/or molecular markers of HDV infection were demonstrated in 43.5 % (10/23) of samples from Amerindians. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the exclusive circulation of HBV subgenotype F1b of and HDV 3 in this population. CONCLUSIONS A high frequency of HBV/HDV infection was found in Amerindian population from Amazonas State, Colombia (43.5 %, 10/23). Nine cases were identified in a population of 861 asymptomatic Amerindian individuals; one symptomatic case (with diagnosis of end-stage hepatic disease) was also identified in the study. The circulation of HDV 3 and HBV subgenotype F1b suggests a constant flow of these viral genotypes as a result of the interaction of the Amerindian populations from Amazon basin. Further studies are necessary to confirm whether HBV subgenotype F1b is the prevalent in the population from South East region in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana di Filippo Villa
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia. .,Present Address: Facultad de Investigación Judicial, Forenses y Salud, Tecnologico de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Fabian Cortes-Mancera
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia. .,Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomedica, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Edra Payares
- Laboratorio Departamental de Salud Publica de Amazonas, Leticia, Colombia.
| | - Neyla Montes
- Coordinacion de Salud Publica, Alcaldia de Puerto Nariño, Amazonas, Colombia.
| | - Fernando de la Hoz
- Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia and Grupo de Epidemiología y Evaluación en Salud Pública, Universidad Nacional, Bogota, Colombia.
| | - Maria Patricia Arbelaez
- Grupo de Epidemiologia, Facultad de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Gonzalo Correa
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Maria-Cristina Navas
- Grupo de Gastrohepatologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
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Roman S, Jose-Abrego A, Fierro NA, Escobedo-Melendez G, Ojeda-Granados C, Martinez-Lopez E, Panduro A. Hepatitis B virus infection in Latin America: A genomic medicine approach. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:7181-7196. [PMID: 24966588 PMCID: PMC4064063 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i23.7181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of severe chronic liver disease. This article provides a critical view of the importance of genomic medicine for the study of HBV infection and its clinical outcomes in Latin America. Three levels of evolutionary adaptation may correlate with the clinical outcomes of HBV infection. Infections in Latin America are predominantly of genotype H in Mexico and genotype F in Central and South America; these strains have historically circulated among the indigenous population. Both genotypes appear to be linked to a benign course of disease among the native and mestizo Mexicans and native South Americans. In contrast, genotypes F, A and D are common in acute and chronic infections among mestizos with Caucasian ancestry. Hepatocellular carcinoma is rare in Mexicans, but it has been associated with genotype F1b among Argentineans. This observation illustrates the significance of ascertaining the genetic and environmental factors involved in the development of HBV-related liver disease in Latin America, which contrast with those reported in other regions of the world.
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de Almeida MKC, Dos Santos KN, Fecury AA, de Oliveira CSF, Freitas AS, Quaresma JAS, Fuzii HT, Martins LC. Prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C in riverside communities of the Tucuruí Dam, Pará, Brazil. J Med Virol 2013; 84:1907-12. [PMID: 23080495 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologically, the relevance of infection caused by hepatitis viruses is related mainly to their wide geographic distribution and the large number of infected individuals in all parts of the world. In this study, 668 residents from the islands around the Tucuruí Dam were selected. Blood samples were collected for investigation of serological markers (HBsAg, total anti-HBc, anti-HBS, and anti-HCV) by enzyme immunoassays. HCV-positive subjects were tested using RT-PCR and RFLP for the identification of viral genotypes. Among the 668 subjects studied, 1.9% were HBsAg positive, 28% were total anti-HBc positive, and 41.9% were anti-HBs positive. The anti-HBs marker alone (vaccine response) was detected in 25.7% of the volunteers. Anti-HCV antibody was detected in 2.2% of the subjects and genotype 1 was the predominant genotype (70%). The results indicate an intermediate level of HBV and HCV endemicity in the region studied, as well as low HBV vaccination coverage.
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Alvarado-Mora MV, Romano CM, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Gutierrez MF, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JRR. Phylogenetic analysis of complete genome sequences of hepatitis B virus from an Afro-Colombian community: presence of HBV F3/A1 recombinant strain. Virol J 2012; 9:244. [PMID: 23092209 PMCID: PMC3499267 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most prevalent viral infections in humans and represents a serious public health problem. In Colombia, our group reported recently the presence of subgenotypes F3, A2 and genotype G in Bogotá. The aim of this study was to characterize the HBV genotypes circulating in Quibdó, the largest Afro-descendant community in Colombia. Sixty HBsAg-positive samples were studied. A fragment of 1306 bp (S/POL) was amplified by nested PCR. Positive samples to S/POL fragment were submitted to PCR amplification of the HBV complete genome. FINDINGS The distribution of HBV genotypes was: A1 (52.17%), E (39.13%), D3 (4.3%) and F3/A1 (4.3%). An HBV recombinant strain subgenotype F3/A1 was found for the first time. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first analysis of complete HBV genome sequences from Afro-Colombian population. It was found an important presence of HBV/A1 and HBV/E genotypes. A new recombinant strain of HBV genotype F3/A1 was reported in this population. This fact may be correlated with the introduction of these genotypes in the times of slavery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica V Alvarado-Mora
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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HDAg-L variants in covert hepatitis D and HBV occult infection among Amerindians of Argentina: new insights. J Clin Virol 2012; 54:223-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Niro GA, Fontana R, Ippolito AM, Andriulli A. Epidemiology and diagnosis of hepatitis D virus. Future Virol 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.12.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of hepatitis D virus (HDV) is worldwide but not uniform. Current estimates suggest that 15–20 million people have exposure to HDV. Traditionally, areas of high prevalence are the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, central Africa, the Amazonian basin and parts of Asia. As a consequence of vaccination against HBV and other prophylactic measures, the prevalence of HDV declined in Italy, Spain, Turkey and Taiwan. This downward trend stopped in the 1990s; a new location for HDV epidemics arose in western Europe, due to migration from endemic areas. HDV appeared in new geographic regions, posing a serious health threat in underdeveloped countries. Testing for anti-HVD antibodies in serum is the initial step in diagnosing HDV infection, but unravelling HDV RNA is essential to identify active replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazia Anna Niro
- Division of Gastroenterology, ‘Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza’ Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Rosanna Fontana
- Division of Gastroenterology, ‘Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza’ Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonio Massimo Ippolito
- Division of Gastroenterology, ‘Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza’ Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Angelo Andriulli
- Division of Gastroenterology, ‘Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza’ Hospital, IRCCS, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Cassidy A, Mossman S, Olivieri A, De Ridder M, Leroux-Roels G. Hepatitis B vaccine effectiveness in the face of global HBV genotype diversity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2012; 10:1709-15. [PMID: 22085174 DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant hepatitis B vaccines are of the A2 genotype; one of ten known genotypes whose distribution varies globally. Reports of rare HBV infections in blood donors with an imbalance of non-A2 genotype HBV in vaccinated subjects have raised questions about the cross-protection afforded by HBV-A2 vaccines. Infections in HBV vaccinees were asymptomatic and transient, indicating that vaccination prevented clinical disease. Preclinical data demonstrate cross-reactivity and cross-protection by A2 vaccines against non-A2 HBV genotypes. Substantial improvements in HBV control have been demonstrated in countries with diverse genotype distribution that have introduced universal childhood HBV vaccination programs. Available data show that current HBV-A2 vaccines are highly effective in preventing infections and clinical disease caused by all known HBV genotypes.
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Cardona NE, Loureiro CL, Garzaro DJ, Duarte MC, García DM, Pacheco MC, Chemin I, Pujol FH. Unusual presentation of hepatitis B serological markers in an Amerindian community of Venezuela with a majority of occult cases. Virol J 2011; 8:527. [PMID: 22152023 PMCID: PMC3253065 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is characterized by the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the absence of HBsAg in the serum of patients. The aim of this study was to characterize HBV infection among a Piaroa community, an Amerindian group which exhibits significant evidence of exposure to HBV but relatively low presence of HBsAg, and to explore the presence of OBI in this population. Results Of 150 sera, with 17% anti-HBc and 1.3% HBsAg prevalence, 70 were tested for the presence of HBV DNA. From these, 25 (36%) were found positive for HBV DNA by PCR in the core region. Two of these 25 sera were HBsAg positive, indicating an overt infection. Of the remaining 68 sera tested, 23 exhibited OBI. Of these, 13 were HBV DNA out of 25 anti-HBc positive (52%) and 10 HBV DNA positive, out of 43 anti-HBc negative (23%), with a statistical significance of p = 0.03. Viral DNA and HBsAg were present intermittently in follow up sera of 13 individuals. Sequence analysis in the core region of the amplified DNA products showed that all the strains belonged to HBV genotype F3. The OBI isolates displayed 96-100% nucleotide identity between them. One isolate exhibited the co-circulation of a wild type variant with a variant with a premature stop codon at the core protein, and a variant exhibiting a deletion of 28 amino acids. Conclusions The frequency of OBI found in this Amerindian group warrants further studies in other communities exhibiting different degrees of HBV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia E Cardona
- Servicio Autónomo: Centro Amazónico para la Investigación y Control de enfermedades Tropicales, Simón Bolívar CAICET, Puerto Ayacucho, Venezuela
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