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da Silva LL, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Figueiredo MM, de Paula VS, Villar LM. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in patients with hepatitis B and C: a pre-vaccination study. Braz J Infect Dis 2024:103740. [PMID: 38670168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2024.103740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The serological markers for the diagnosis of COVID-19 plays an important role in the epidemiological investigation of the pandemic. This study aims to assess the prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in hepatitis B and C patients in a pre-vaccination of COVID-19 period. Between March 2020 and January 2021, 199 serum samples from individuals with HBsAg/HBV DNA or anti-HCV/HCV RNA positivity were tested for antibodies (IgM and IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 using Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay (ECLIA). Among these, 50.3 % (100/199) tested positive for hepatitis C virus infection and 49.7 % (99/199) for hepatitis B virus, confirmed through molecular and serological diagnosis. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 24.1 % (48/199) in this population, with 23.23 % (23/99) hepatitis B and 25 % (25/100) hepatitis C patients tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2. The higher seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (16.58 %, 33/199) was detected among those over-40 years of age and the month of November 2020 had the highest number of detections 9 % (18/199) with the majority living in impoverished and neglected neighborhoods in the city of Rio de Janeiro. We found a high prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in patients with viral hepatitis before COVID-19 vaccination. This demonstrates the high exposure of this population during the period of social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lima da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monica Magalhaes Figueiredo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Vasconcelos MPA, Sánchez-Arcila JC, Peres L, de Sousa PSF, Castro-Alves J, Albuquerque HG, Mendes-Correa MC, Maia-Herzog M, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Villar LM, Oliveira-Ferreira J. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B, C, and D and associated factors in the semi-isolated Yanomami Amazonian indigenous community. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:15. [PMID: 38166687 PMCID: PMC10762995 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis is a significant health concern among indigenous population in the Americas. In Brazil, reports find high endemicity of HBV and HDV infections has been reported in several indigenous groups. However, few studies have documented the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HDV in the Yanomami. In this study, the prevalence of hepatitis B, C, and D serological markers and potential risk factors were investigated to provide guidance for the development of strategies aimed at reducing viral transmission in the Yanomami indigenous villages. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out in March 2015 and included 430 individuals from four Yanomami villages: Alapusi (n = 78), Castanha/Ahima (n = 126), Gasolina (n = 105), and Taibrapa (n = 121). A rapid test was used for detection of HBsAg and anti-HCV and chemiluminescent immunoassay for anti-HBs, anti-HBc, and anti-HDV antibodies. RESULTS HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs were detected in 8.8, 45.5, and 49.4% of the participants, respectively. The estimated HBV status: current infection 9.6% (38/395); resolved infection 43.3% (171/395); vaccine immunity 20.5% (81/395), and susceptible to HBV 26.6% (105/395). Gasolina presented the lowest prevalence of HBV infection (6.5%) and the highest prevalence of vaccine immunity (26.9%). Children < 15 years old were highly susceptible to infection, as 53.1% did not have antibodies to HBV, while more than 80% of individuals over 45 years of age had been exposed to HBV. The markers for HDV were founded among 12.5% (4/32) of the HBsAg carriers. Anti-HCV was identified in all villages, with the highest prevalence in Alapusi (5.1%). Possible risk factors such as the use of piercings, tattoos, and contact with prospectors showed no statistical difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Viral hepatitis B and serological markers for HCV and HDV were found to be widely distributed among the Yanomami indigenous community, while the prevalence of vaccine immunity to HBV was low. This finding reinforces the importance of promoting systematized diagnostic and vaccination strategies in indigenous communities. Our data confirm that isolated and difficult-to-reach indigenous communities lack appropriate access to diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Pinheiro Alves Vasconcelos
- Centro de Medicina Tropical de Rondônia - CEMETRON, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juan Camilo Sánchez-Arcila
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Peres
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Castro-Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa
- Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilza Maia-Herzog
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Simulídeos, Oncocercose e Mansonelose, Coleção de Simulídeos do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia Melo Villar
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Lewis-Ximenez LL, Peliganga LB. Selective or universal hepatitis B birth dose in sub-Saharan Africa? Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e638-e639. [PMID: 37061299 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Viral Hepatitis Ambulatory, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Luis Baião Peliganga
- Internal Medicine Investigation Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola; Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
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Villar LM, de Lima MP, Cruz HM, de Paula VS, Scalioni LDP, Flores GL, Carvalho-Costa FA, Parente CC, Coelho MRCD, de Albuquerque ACC, Milagres FAP, Cruz MS, Andrade TM, Motta-Castro ARC, da Mota JC, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Bastos FI. Feasibility of dried blood spot for hepatitis C diagnosis in vulnerable subjects and people living in remote areas from Brazil. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:804. [PMID: 36303137 PMCID: PMC9615222 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Agile, accessible and cheap diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is essential to achieve the elimination of this infection, worldwide, as mandated by the World Health Organzation as part of its strategy for 2030. Dried blood spots (DBS) can be an attractive alternative for sample collection among people living in remote areas and vulnerable populations due to the less invasive collection, its biosafety, and storage & transportation of samples at room temperature.
Design This study aims to estimate the usefulness of dried blood spot samples for the diagnosis and the assessment of HCV infection rates in three different settings in Brazil. Cross-sectional analysis of a sample collection from different populations, aiming to assess the performance of the testing algorithms and respective procedures among different populations with diverse background infection rates. Methods We reported the evaluation of DBS as alternative samples for detecting anti-HCV in different groups in real life conditions: (I) Vulnerable subjects living in remote areas of Southeast, North and Northeast Brazil (n = 1464); (II) Beauticians (n = 288); (III) People who use non-injectable drugs (n = 201); (IV) patients referred to outpatient care (n = 275). Results General assay accuracy was 99%, with a weighted kappa value of 0.9, showing an excellent performance. Sensitivities ranged from 87.5% to 100.0% between groups and specificities were above 99.2%. A total of 194 individuals had HCV RNA in serum and concordance of anti-HCV detection in DBS was 98.4%. Conclusions DBS samples could be used for anti-HCV detection in different populations recruited in real life conditions and ambulatory settings, with a high overall sensitivity and specificity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07717-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, v. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil.
| | - Marjorie Parra de Lima
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, v. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Helena Medina Cruz
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, v. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil.,Estácio de Sá University, Resende, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia de Paula Scalioni
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, v. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Geane Lopes Flores
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, v. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Santos Cruz
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tarcisio Matos Andrade
- Department of Community and Family Health, Federal University of Bahia, SalvadorBahia, 40110-100, Brazil
| | | | - Jurema Corrêa da Mota
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information and Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavillion, Ground Floor, Room B09, v. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Francisco Inácio Bastos
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information and Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Villar LM, Fraga KA, Mendonça ACDF, Miguel JC, Silva EFD, Barbosa JR, Sousa PSFD, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Mello FCDA. Serological and molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus infection in chronic kidney disease patients from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2022; 26:102371. [PMID: 35661641 PMCID: PMC9387460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2022.102371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Peliganga LB, Horta MAP, Lewis-Ximenez LL. Enduring Challenges despite Progress in Preventing Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus in Angola. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020225. [PMID: 35215168 PMCID: PMC8874832 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa has one of the highest rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, with an incidence of 1.5 million and 0.8 million yearly deaths, which drives synergistic efforts towards its elimination. To assess the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HBV infection, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1012 pregnant women in Angola to investigate HBV serological and molecular profiles. The prevalence of HBV was 8.7% (n = 88), with hepatitis B core IgM antibody (anti-HBc IgM) positivity identified in 12.8%, hepatitis B “e” antigen (HBeAg) positivity in 30%, and HBV DNA ≥ 200,000 IU/mL in 28.2%. Family tracking studied 44 children, of which 11 (25%) received at least two doses of the hepatitis B vaccine. HBV was detected in 10/44 (22.7%) children, with vaccination reported in one infected child. Further testing identified anti-HBc IgM positivity in 3/10 (30%), HBeAg positivity in 55%, and both seromarkers in 20%. The results revealed the importance of antenatal HBV screening, antiviral prophylaxis for mothers with high viral loads or HBeAg positivity, and timely first-dose hepatitis B vaccines in newborns. Anti-HBc IgM positivity among pregnant women and children highlights prophylactic measures worth considering, including antenatal hepatitis B vaccination and catch-up vaccination to young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Baião Peliganga
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Disease Control Department, National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
- Internal Medicine Investigation Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola
| | | | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(21)-991-921-519
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da Fonseca Mendonça AC, Portilho MM, da Silva JC, Caetano AR, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Melo Villar L. Optimization of a real time PCR methodology for HCV RNA quantification in saliva samples. J Virol Methods 2022; 302:114470. [PMID: 35063589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Saliva may be an alternative biological specimen to expand HCV detection. This study aims to evaluate an in-house quantitative RT-PCR for HCV RNA quantification in saliva. A total of 80 individuals (56 anti-HCV/HCV RNA + and 24 negative controls) donated serum and saliva, that were tested using an in-house quantitative PCR for HCV RNA. The median viral load was 4.77 log10 copies/mL (1.04-7.0 log10 copies/mL) in serum and 2.31 log10 copies/mL (1.0-3.84 log10 copies/mL) in saliva. A sensitivity and specificity of 80 % was observed for HCV detection in saliva, which demonstrates the usefulness of in-house real-time PCR to quantify HCV RNA in saliva samples, which might increase the access of molecular diagnosis of HCV in laboratories that lack complex infrastructures for molecular testing and in individuals with poor venous access.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Livia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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8
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Peliganga LB, Mello VM, de Sousa PSF, Horta MAP, Soares ÁD, Nunes JPDS, Nobrega M, Lewis-Ximenez LL. Transfusion Transmissible Infections in Blood Donors in the Province of Bié, Angola, during a 15-Year Follow-Up, Imply the Need for Pathogen Reduction Technologies. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121633. [PMID: 34959588 PMCID: PMC8705259 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs), caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunode-ficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis, have a high global impact, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. We evaluated the trend of these infections over time in blood donors in Angola. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among blood donors in Angola from 2005 to 2020. Additionally, frozen samples obtained from blood donors in 2007 were investigated to identify chronic HCV carriers and possible occult HBV infection (OBI). The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis was 8.5, 3, 2.1, and 4.4%, respectively, among 57,979 blood donors. HBV was predominant among male donors, while the remaining TTIs were predominant among women. Donors >50 years had a significantly high prevalence for all TTIs. Chronic HCV infection was ab-sent in 500 samples tested and OBI was present in 3%. Our results show the continued high prev-alence of TTIs among blood donors in Angola. Most infections showed a significantly low preva-lence in years with campaigns seeking voluntary blood donors, thus, reinforcing the importance of this type of donor to ensure safe blood. Africa, with a high prevalence of diverse pathogens, should consider cost-effective pathogen reduction technologies, once they are commercially accessible, to increase the availability of safe blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Baião Peliganga
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
- Disease Control Department, National Directorate of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Luanda, Angola
- Internal Medicine Investigation Department, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Agostinho Neto, Luanda, Angola
| | - Vinicius Motta Mello
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
| | - Paulo Sergio Fonseca de Sousa
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
| | | | | | - João Pedro da Silva Nunes
- Laboratory of Experimental Vaccines, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil;
| | | | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (L.B.P.); (V.M.M.); (P.S.F.d.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-(21)-991-921-519
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Senff T, Menne C, Cosmovici C, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Aneja J, Broering R, Kim AY, Westendorf AM, Dittmer U, Scherbaum N, Lauer GM, Timm J. Peripheral blood iNKT cell activation correlates with liver damage during acute hepatitis C. JCI Insight 2021; 7:155432. [PMID: 34905514 PMCID: PMC8855829 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant NK T (iNKT) cells are implicated in viral clearance; however, their role in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains controversial. Here, iNKT cells were studied during different stages of HCV infection. iNKT cells from patients with acute HCV infection and people who inject drugs (PWID) with chronic or spontaneously resolved HCV infection were characterized by flow cytometry. In a longitudinal analysis during acute HCV infection, frequencies of activated CD38+ iNKT cells reproducibly declined in spontaneously resolving patients, whereas they were persistently elevated in patients progressing to chronic infection. During the first year of infection, the frequency of activated CD38+ or CD69+ iNKT cells strongly correlated with alanine transaminase levels with particularly pronounced correlations in spontaneously resolving patients. Increased frequencies of activated iNKT cells in chronic HCV infection were confirmed in cross-sectional analyses of PWID with chronic or spontaneously resolved HCV infection; however, no apparent functional differences were observed with various stimulation protocols. Our data suggest that iNKT cells are activated during acute hepatitis C and that activation is sustained in chronic infection. The correlation between the frequency of activated iNKT cells and alanine transaminase may point toward a role of iNKT cells in liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Senff
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher Menne
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Cosmovici
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Jasneet Aneja
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Arthur Y Kim
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States of America
| | - Astrid M Westendorf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department for Addiction Medicine and Addictive Behavior, LVR-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Jörg Timm
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Ribeiro CRDA, Beghini DG, Lemos AS, Martinelli KG, de Mello VDM, de Almeida NAA, Lewis-Ximenez LL, de Paula VS. Cytokines profile in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis B infection. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 66:31-39. [PMID: 34647645 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the leading causes of acute and chronic hepatitis and represents a serious public health threat. Cytokines are important chemical mediators that regulate the differentiation, proliferation, and function of immune cells, with accumulating evidence indicating that the inadequate immune responses are responsible for the elimination or persistence of HBV. This study aimed to determine the cytokine profiles (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17A) during HBV infection and investigate their association with genotypes. A total of 66 plasma samples, 19 from patients with acute and 47 with chronic hepatitis B infection, were subjected to biochemical tests, nested-PCR, and real-time PCR, with cytokines evaluated using a commercial BD Cytometric Bead Array Human Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokine Kit. Healthy controls (10 individuals) were selected from blood donors with no history of liver diseases. No correlation was found between genotypes, viral load, and cytokines analyzed. All cytokines showed higher levels of production among infected individuals when compared with the control group. A positive correlation classified as moderate to strong was found between cytokines IFN-γ, TNF, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-2 through the Spearman correlation coefficient. TNF (P = 0.009), IL-10 (P < 0.001), and IL-6 (P < 0.001) levels were higher in acute individuals compared with chronic and control groups. Theses cytokines could be involved in the elimination of virus and protection against chronicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Gois Beghini
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Teaching and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andreza Salvio Lemos
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Portilho MM, Bezerra CS, Mendonça ACDF, Marques VA, Nabuco LC, Villela-Nogueira CA, Ivantes CAP, Lewis-Ximenez LL, do Lago BV, Villar LM. Applicability of oral fluid samples for tracking hepatitis B virus mutations, genotyping, and phylogenetic analysis. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2435-2442. [PMID: 34146173 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05122-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the usefulness of saliva samples for hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping and mutation analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of oral fluid samples to determine HBV genotype distribution, S/polymerase mutations, and HBV subpopulation diversity among chronically HBV-infected individuals. Serum and oral fluid samples were obtained from 18 individuals for PCR and nucleotide sequencing of the HBV surface antigen gene. Biochemical analysis of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT) and HBV, HCV, and HIV serological tests were also performed. All serum samples were HBsAg (+), anti-HBc (+), and anti-HBs (-); 55.6% were HBeAg (+)/anti-HBe (-), and 11.1% were anti-HIV (+). The mean HBV DNA viral load was 6.1 ± 2.3 log IU/mL. The HBV genotype distribution was as follows: A, 72.2%; D, 11.1%; E, 5.6%; F, 11.1%. A concordance of 100% in genotype classification and 99.8% in sequence similarity between paired oral fluid and serum samples was observed. HBsAg mutations were detected in all samples, but no resistance mutations were found in the polymerase gene. This study demonstrates that oral fluid samples can be used reliably for tracking HBV mutations, genotyping, and phylogenetic analysis. This could be important for molecular epidemiology studies with hard-to-reach populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyra Machado Portilho
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy, Ground Floor, Room B09, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil.,Gonçalo Moniz Research Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Cristianne Sousa Bezerra
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy, Ground Floor, Room B09, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina da Fonseca Mendonça
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy, Ground Floor, Room B09, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Alves Marques
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy, Ground Floor, Room B09, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Leticia Cancella Nabuco
- Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy, Ground Floor, Room B09, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Vieira do Lago
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy, Ground Floor, Room B09, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil.,Immunobiological Technology Institute (Bio-Manguinhos), FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Helio and Peggy, Ground Floor, Room B09, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil.
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12
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Villar LM, de Paula VS, Pinto LCM, Marques BCL, da Costa VD, da Silva LL, Santos AC, do Nascimento GP, Miguel JC, Mendonça ACDF, Motta FC, Lewis-Ximenez LL. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of hepatitis C and COVID-19 coinfection: Prolonged RNA shedding in nonhospitalized case. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:CCR33877. [PMID: 34178330 PMCID: PMC8209932 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonhospitalized COVID‐19 and hepatitis C‐coinfected patient presented prolonged RNA shedding and mild course of infection. This finding demonstrated the importance of long follow‐up of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Melo Villar
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Oswaldo Cruz Institute FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Duarte da Costa
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Oswaldo Cruz Institute FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Lucas Lima da Silva
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Oswaldo Cruz Institute FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Alanna Calheiros Santos
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Oswaldo Cruz Institute FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Custódio Miguel
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Oswaldo Cruz Institute FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina da Fonseca Mendonça
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Oswaldo Cruz Institute FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil.,Brazilian Reference Laboratory for Respiratory Viruses Oswaldo Cruz Institute FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Fernando Couto Motta
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory for Respiratory Viruses Oswaldo Cruz Institute FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Oswaldo Cruz Institute FIOCRUZ Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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13
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Flores GL, Barbosa JR, Cruz HM, Miguel JC, Potsch DV, Pilotto JH, Lima DM, Baima Colares JK, Brandão-Mello CE, Pires MMA, da Mota JC, Bastos FI, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Villar LM. Dried blood spot sampling as an alternative for the improvement of hepatitis B and C diagnosis in key populations. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:504-514. [PMID: 33959230 PMCID: PMC8080549 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i4.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve the elimination of hepatitis B and C, there is an urgent need to develop alternative strategies to increase the access of diagnosis, particularly among key populations such as people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), individuals with coagulopathies and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
AIM To evaluate the use of dried blood spot (DBS) in the detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers.
METHODS A total of 430 individuals comprised of people living with HIV, coagulopathies and CKD provided paired serum and DBS samples. HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HCV were tested in those samples using a commercial electrochemiluminescence. Demographic and selected behavioral variables were evaluated to assess possible association with HBV and HCV positivity.
RESULTS Using DBS, HBsAg prevalence varied from 3.9% to 22.1%, anti-HBc rates varied from 25.5% to 45.6% and anti-HCV positivity ranged from 15.9% to 41.2% in key populations. Specificities of HBV and HCV tests using DBS varied from 88.9% to 100%. The HBsAg assay demonstrated the best performance in CKD and coagulopathy individuals and the anti-HCV test had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% in people living with HIV. Accuracy of HBV and HCV detection in DBS varied from 90.2% to 100%. In the CKD group, HBsAg positivity was associated with infrequent use of condoms, and anti-HBc positivity was associated with sharing nail cutters/razors/toothbrushes. Anti-HCV reactivity was positively associated with a history of transplantation and length of time using hemodialysis in both specimens. In people living with HIV, only the male gender was associated with anti-HBc positivity in serum and DBS.
CONCLUSION DBS with electrochemiluminescence are useful tools for the diagnosis and prevalence studies of hepatitis B and C among key populations and may increase the opportunity to foster prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020181, Ceara, Brazil
| | | | | | - Denise Vigo Potsch
- Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - José Henrique Pilotto
- Nova Iguaçu General Hospital, Nova Iguaçu 26041061, Brazil
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - Danielle Malta Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza 60811905, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jeová Keny Baima Colares
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020181, Ceara, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Brandão-Mello
- Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia, Gaffrée & Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20270901, Brazil
| | - Marcia Maria Amendola Pires
- Escola de Medicina e Cirurgia, Gaffrée & Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State, Rio de Janeiro 20270901, Brazil
| | - Jurema Corrêa da Mota
- Institute of Communication and Information on Science and Technology in Health, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - Francisco I Bastos
- Institute of Communication and Information on Science and Technology in Health, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | | | - Livia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
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14
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Henss L, Yue C, Von Rhein C, Tschismarov R, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Dölle A, Baylis SA, Schnierle BS. Analysis of Humoral Immune Responses in Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV)-Infected Patients and Individuals Vaccinated With a Candidate CHIKV Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:1713-1723. [PMID: 31828322 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that causes severe flu-like symptoms. The acute symptoms disappear after 1 week, but chronic arthralgia can persist for years. In this study, humoral immune responses in CHIKV-infected patients and vaccinees were analyzed. METHODS Alphavirus neutralization activity was analyzed with pseudotyped lentiviral vectors, and antibody epitope mapping was performed with a peptide array. RESULTS The greatest CHIKV neutralization activity was observed 60-92 days after onset of symptoms. The amount of CHIKV-specific antibodies and their binding avidity and cross-reactivity with other alphaviruses increased over time. Chikungunya virus and o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) were both neutralized to a similar extent. Linear antibody binding epitopes were mainly found in E2 domain B and the acid-sensitive regions (ASRs). In addition, serum samples from healthy volunteers vaccinated with a measles-vectored chikungunya vaccine candidate, MV-CHIK, were analyzed. Neutralization activity in the samples from the vaccine cohort was 2- to 6-fold lower than in samples from CHIKV-infected patients. In contrast to infection, vaccination only induced cross-neutralization with ONNV, and the E2 ASR1 was the major antibody target. CONCLUSIONS These data could assist vaccine design and enable the identification of correlates of protection necessary for vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Henss
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, Langen, Germany
| | - Constanze Yue
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, Langen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Sally A Baylis
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, Langen, Germany
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15
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Ribeiro CRDA, Martinelli KG, de Mello VDM, Baptista BDS, Dias NST, Paiva IA, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Pinto LMDO, de Paula VS. Cytokine, Genotype, and Viral Load Profile in the Acute and Chronic Hepatitis B. Viral Immunol 2020; 33:620-627. [PMID: 33090087 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several hepatitis B virus (HBV) factors, including viral load, genotype, genome mutations, and cytokine production, have been reported to be associated with different risks of progression of liver disease. The aim of this study was to verify if there is an association among the levels of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-35, IL-6, IL-17A, interferon [IFN]-γ) in the plasma, viral load, and the different genotypes of HBV in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis B. Methods: 49 serum samples, 20 from acute and 29 from chronic cases, were submitted to a real-time and nested-polymerase chain reaction to quantify, detect, and genotype HBV DNA. The cytokines IL-35, IL-6, IL-17A, and IFN-γ were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The median viral load was 3.15 log10 IU DNA/mL and 2.90 log10 IU DNA/mL for acute and chronic patients, respectively. Genotype A, D, E, and F were identified in chronic carriers of HBV infection, while only genotype A and F were identified in individuals with acute infection. IFN-γ (p = 0.024) and IL-17A (p = 0.046) levels were significantly increased in chronic patients and IL-6 and IL-35 were higher in patients with acute infection, however, without statistical difference. IL-17A and IFN-γ can be modulating proinflammatory effects and inducing hepatocellular damage, in chronic patients, and IL-6 and IL-35 may be involved in viral elimination and protection against chronicity during the acute phase of infection. These results can contribute to understanding of the complex regulatory mechanisms of the host antiviral response related to cytokine production during acute and chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruna da Silva Baptista
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália Spitz Toledo Dias
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iury Amancio Paiva
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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Villar LM, da Costa VD, Marques BCL, da Silva LL, Santos AC, Mendonça ACDF, Marques VA, do Nascimento GP, Lewis-Ximenez LL, de Paula VS. USEFULNESS OF SALIVA SAMPLES FOR DETECTING SARS-CoV-2 RNA AMONG LIVER DISEASE PATIENTS. J Infect 2020; 82:e4-e5. [PMID: 32711040 PMCID: PMC7375959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Melo Villar
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Duarte da Costa
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Lima da Silva
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alanna Calheiros Santos
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Alves Marques
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Brazilian Reference Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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Cruz HM, de Paula VS, Cruz JCM, do Ó KMR, Milagres FAP, Bastos FI, Mota JCD, Cruz MS, Andrade TMD, Pollo-Flores P, Leal E, Motta-Castro ARC, Ivantes CAP, Bezerra CS, Barbosa JR, da Cruz JNM, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Villar LM. Evaluation of accuracy of hepatitis B virus antigen and antibody detection and relationship between epidemiological factors using dried blood spot. J Virol Methods 2019; 277:113798. [PMID: 31837375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) testing might increase the access for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) diagnosis, but little is known about the performance of these assays in real life conditions. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs detection in DBS in clinical settings and field studies and to evaluate demographic and risk behaviour according the presence of HBsAg and anti-HBc. Paired sera and DBS samples were obtained from 2309 individuals from 3 groups, defined as follows: G1: clinical setting (n = 5-19), G2: general population (n = 1305) and G3: vulnerable individuals that could be more exposed to blood contact (n = 485). Sera and DBS were tested using commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA), with some modifications added. Using DBS samples, the specificity values were above 90 % for HBsAg and anti-HBc in all groups and for anti-HBs range from 58.6%-85%. HBsAg testing had the best performance in GI (sensitivity = 84.4 %) and among those samples that the paired serum also presented anti-HBc marker (sensitivity = 91.6 %). High sensitivity of anti-HBc testing in DBS samples was observed in GI (80.8 %) and among HBV active cases (HBsAg+/anti-HBc+) (98.4 %). Testing of anti-HBs in DBS showed the highest sensitivity in GIII (65.5 %), in previous HBV exposed and cured individuals and when serum titers were above 100 IU/mL (86.7 %). DBS samples could be used for screening and prevalence studies for HBsAg and anti-HBc, particularly in clinical settings and among HBV active cases in field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Medina Cruz
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Inácio Bastos
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information & Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jurema Corrêa da Mota
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information & Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Santos Cruz
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Pollo-Flores
- Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erotildes Leal
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cristianne Sousa Bezerra
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto Federal de Ciencia e Tecnologia do Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; FIOCRUZ, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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18
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Villar LM, Cruz HM, Deodato RM, Miguel JC, da Silva EF, Flores GL, Lewis-Ximenez LL. Usefulness of automated assays for detecting hepatitis B and C markers in dried blood spot samples. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:523. [PMID: 31429797 PMCID: PMC6700985 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dried blood spots (DBSs) can be used as an alternative to serum samples because they are easily collected and can be transported without refrigeration to reference laboratories for diagnosis. The present study was performed to evaluate the utility of electrochemiluminescence immunoassay “ECLIA” for anti-HCV, HBsAg and anti-HBc detection from DBS samples. Results Anti-HCV was detected in 103 DBS samples from 108 paired, positive serum and undetected in 364 DBS samples from 366 paired, negative specimens, giving a sensitivity of 95.4% and a specificity of 99.4%. HBsAg was detected in 67 DBS samples out of 71 positive, paired serum and was undetected among 295 DBS samples from 298 paired, negative specimens, giving a sensitivity and specificity of 94.4% and 99%, respectively. Anti-HBc was detected in 160 DBS samples from 185 paired, positive serum specimens and undetected in 349 DBS samples from 357 paired, negative serum specimens, giving a sensitivity of 86.5% and a specificity of 97.8%. Overall, the Kappa index indicated a high agreement between results obtained for the serum and DBS samples (k: 0.95, 0.93 and 0.86 for anti-HCV, HBsAg, anti-HBc, respectively). In conclusion, the ECLIA test could be used for detecting hepatitis B and C markers in DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Hélio and Peggy Pereira Pavilion - Ground Floor - Office B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil.
| | - Helena Medina Cruz
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Hélio and Peggy Pereira Pavilion - Ground Floor - Office B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Raissa Martins Deodato
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Hélio and Peggy Pereira Pavilion - Ground Floor - Office B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Juliana Custódio Miguel
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Hélio and Peggy Pereira Pavilion - Ground Floor - Office B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Elisangela Ferreira da Silva
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Hélio and Peggy Pereira Pavilion - Ground Floor - Office B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Geane Lopes Flores
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Hélio and Peggy Pereira Pavilion - Ground Floor - Office B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Hélio and Peggy Pereira Pavilion - Ground Floor - Office B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil
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Cruz HM, de Paula VS, da Silva EF, do Ó KMR, Milagres FAP, Cruz MS, Bastos FI, da Mota JC, Pollo-Flores P, Leal E, Motta-Castro ARC, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Utility of oral fluid samples for hepatitis B antibody detection in real life conditions. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:632. [PMID: 31315573 PMCID: PMC6637497 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing in oral fluid samples may provide advantages in diagnosis, screening or prevalence studies, especially among individuals with venous access difficulties. This study aims to optimize one commercially available assay for detecting total anti-HBc marker in oral fluid samples and to evaluate its utility under real life conditions in different settings for the purposes of prevalence and diagnostic studies. METHODS Oral fluid was collected using a Salivette device and some parameters were initially evaluated: type of elution buffer and sample volume. Thereafter, the utility of oral fluid samples for detection of anti-HBc was evaluated in real life conditions in which, 1296 individuals gave serum and oral fluid samples. All serum samples were submitted to commercial EIAs to detect total anti-HBc, according to the manufacturer's instructions and oral fluid samples according to previous optimization. RESULTS In optimization evaluation, PBS/BSA 0.5% and 100 μL of oral fluid (volume was two-fold increased compared to serum in EIA) were chosen as transport buffer and sample volume. In the field study, anti-HBc was detected in 211 out of 1296 serum samples giving overall oral fluid sensitivity of 52.6% and specificity of 96%. Concordance was higher in ambulatory setting (67.7) compared to general population (31.8). Mean ± standard deviation values of optical density/cutoff (OD/CO) in serum samples were higher in false-negative oral fluid samples than those seen in true positive samples. Sensitivity was higher in those presenting active infection compared to anti-HBc isolate and past infection. Sensitivity also increased in the ambulatory group when HCV individuals were excluded. CONCLUSIONS It was possible to optimize a commercial EIA for detecting anti-HBc in oral fluid samples and where the highest concordance was found in ambulatory settings and among individuals with active infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Medina Cruz
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Santos Cruz
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco Inácio Bastos
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information & Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jurema Corrêa da Mota
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information & Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Pollo-Flores
- Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erotildes Leal
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Faculty of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Yue C, Teitz S, Miyabashi T, Boller K, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Baylis SA, Blümel J. Inactivation and Removal of Chikungunya Virus and Mayaro Virus from Plasma-derived Medicinal Products. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030234. [PMID: 30866548 PMCID: PMC6466239 DOI: 10.3390/v11030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) are closely related members of the Semliki Forest complex within the genus alphavirus and are transmitted by arthropods, causing acute febrile illness in humans. CHIKV has spread to almost all continents, whereas autochthonous MAYV infections have been reported in South America and in the Caribbean. Nevertheless, there was concern about potential spread of MAYV to other regions similar to CHIKV in the past. The risk for transmission of emerging viruses by blood transfusion and the safety of plasma-derived medicinal products (PDMPs) are constant concerns. The manufacturing processes of PDMPs include procedures to inactivate/remove viruses. Methods: In this study, we investigated the reduction of MAYV and CHIKV by heat inactivation in various matrices, solvent/detergent treatment and nanofiltration. Results: Unexpectedly, MAYV was significantly more resistant to heat and solvent/detergent treatment compared to CHIKV. However, being similar in size, both MAYV and CHIKV were removed below the detection limit by 35 nm virus filters. Conclusions: The inactivation profiles of different alphavirus members vary considerably, even within the Semliki Forest Complex. However, robust dedicated viral inactivation/removal procedures commonly used in the plasma product industry are effective in inactivating or removing MAYV and CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Yue
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | | | | | - Klaus Boller
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | | | - Sally A Baylis
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Johannes Blümel
- Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.
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21
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Henss L, Yue C, Kandler J, Faddy HM, Simmons G, Panning M, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Baylis SA, Schnierle BS. Establishment of an Alphavirus-Specific Neutralization Assay to Distinguish Infections with Different Members of the Semliki Forest complex. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010082. [PMID: 30669393 PMCID: PMC6356848 DOI: 10.3390/v11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alphaviruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors and can be found worldwide. Alphaviruses of the Semliki Forest complex such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Mayaro virus (MAYV) or Ross River virus (RRV) cause acute febrile illness and long-lasting arthralgia in humans, which cannot be clinically discriminated from a dengue virus or Zika virus infection. Alphaviruses utilize a diverse array of mosquito vectors for transmission and spread. For instance, adaptation of CHIKV to transmission by Aedes albopictus has increased its spread and resulted in large outbreaks in the Indian Ocean islands. For many alphaviruses commercial diagnostic tests are not available or show cross-reactivity among alphaviruses. Climate change and globalization will increase the spread of alphaviruses and monitoring of infections is necessary and requires virus-specific methods. Method: We established an alphavirus neutralization assay in a 384-well format by using pseudotyped lentiviral vectors. Results: MAYV-specific reactivity could be discriminated from CHIKV reactivity. Human plasma from blood donors infected with RRV could be clearly identified and did not cross-react with other alphaviruses. Conclusion: This safe and easy to use multiplex assay allows the discrimination of alphavirus-specific reactivity within a single assay and has potential for epidemiological surveillance. It might also be useful for the development of a pan-alphavirus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Henss
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Constanze Yue
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Joshua Kandler
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane QLD 4000, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118-4417, USA.
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | - Sally A Baylis
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
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22
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Cruz HM, Barbosa JR, Baima Colares JK, de Moraes Neto AHA, Alencar MDFL, Bastos FI, da Mota JC, Carvalho-Costa FA, Ivantes CAP, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Villar LM. Cross-sectional study to determine viral hepatitis knowledge in different urban populations in Brazil. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:867-876. [PMID: 30533187 PMCID: PMC6280162 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i11.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate viral hepatitis knowledge among individuals from different resource areas and health conditions to identify possible gaps.
METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out among 447 individuals from five distinct populations in Brazil: Southeast Viral Hepatitis Ambulatory (n = 100), South (n = 89) and Northeast (n = 114) Health Center, Southeast (n = 77) and Northeast (n = 67) low resource areas. All individuals answered a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics and viral hepatitis awareness. The perception was scored based on the average number of correct answers of all participants and categorized as “low” (0-28 correct answers) or “desirable” (29-46 correct answers). Associations between sociodemographic characteristics and perception were also evaluated.
RESULTS A low level of knowledge was observed in individuals from Northeast Health Center, Northeast and Southeast low resource areas while desirable knowledge was observed in individuals from Viral Hepatitis Ambulatory and South Health Center. According to sociodemographic characteristics, desirable scores were more common among those with secondary education (47.1%), those who declared themselves as white (46.3%), and those who lived in houses with three individuals (25.5%). Multivariate analysis showed an association between viral hepatitis perception and type of population.
CONCLUSION The results demonstrated high level of knowledge among study participants from health clinics from the Southeast region of Brazil and the importance of education programs in increasing the level of knowledge in low resource areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Medina Cruz
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60020181, Brazil
| | - Jeová Keny Baima Colares
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60020181, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Ceará 60430160, Brazil
| | | | - Maria de Fátima Leal Alencar
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Teaching and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - Francisco Inácio Bastos
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information and Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil
| | - Jurema Corrêa da Mota
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information and Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil
| | - Filipe Aníbal Carvalho-Costa
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil
| | | | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
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23
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Flores GL, Cruz HM, Miguel JC, Potsch DV, Pilotto JH, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Assessing hepatitis B immunity using dried blood spot samples from HIV+ individuals. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1863-1867. [PMID: 30085359 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the utility of an optimized enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect and quantify antibodies against hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) in dried blood spots (DBSs) within the context of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. Serum and DBS samples were obtained from 56 HIV+ and 99 HIV- patients and subjected to EIA for the detection of anti-HBs, where sample volume and cut off value were modified for DBS testing. Sensitivities of anti-HBs detection in DBS were 79.8% and 76.8% in HIV- and HIV+ subjects, respectively. Concordant results for anti-HBs in serum and DBS presented high mean CD8 cell counts, HIV viral load and optical density (OD) values of anti-HBs. Anti-HBs titers were significantly higher in serum, whether or not anti-HBs titers were detected in DBS. It was possible to detect anti-HBs in DBS as low as 17.4 and 27.3 IU/mL among HIV+ and HIV- subjects, respectively. In conclusion, DBS can be used to detect and quantify anti-HBs in HIV-infected individuals, which could increase access to diagnosis and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geane Lopes Flores
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena Medina Cruz
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Vigo Potsch
- Infectious Disease Ambulatory, Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Henrique Pilotto
- Department of Sexual Transmitted Disease, Nova Iguaçu General Hospital, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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24
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Cruz HM, Miguel Cruz JC, Da Silva EF, Portilho MM, Marques VA, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Comparison of the performance of enzyme immunoassays for hepatitis B and C detection in dried blood spot. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2018; 39:228-233. [PMID: 29733758 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2018.1470095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBSs) could be an alternative to serum for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis. This study aims to evaluate two enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for HBsAg and anti-HCV detection using DBS. Serum was tested using commercial EIA. DBS was tested using optimized EIA developed for serum and commercial EIA developed for DBS (Imunoscreen). Concordances between DBS and serum samples for both markers and EIAs were higher than 97%. Both EIAs demonstrated good performance for HBsAg and anti-HCV detection using DBS, and these methods could be used unchangeably increasing the access for HBV and HCV diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Medina Cruz
- a Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis , Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | | | - Moyra Machado Portilho
- a Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis , Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Vanessa Alves Marques
- a Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis , Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- a Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis , Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- a Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis , Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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25
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Barbosa JR, Cortes VF, Portilho MM, Miguel JC, Marques VA, Bezerra CS, de Souza NV, Lima DM, Colares JKB, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Performance of point of care assays for hepatitis B and C viruses in chronic kidney disease patients. J Clin Pathol 2018; 71:879-884. [PMID: 29730611 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2018-205024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Point of care testing (POCT) has been used for hepatitis B and C diagnosis in general population, but little is known about the influence of clinical conditions in the accuracy of these assays. This study aims to evaluate the performance of POCTs for detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus (anti-HCV) in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients. METHODS A total of 286 subjects were included in this study. HBsAg and anti-HCV were detected using commercial EIAs and four POCTs: HBsAg (WAMA Imuno-Rápido HBsAg and VIKIA HBsAg) and anti-HCV (DOLES HCV teste rápido and WAMA Imuno-Rápido anti-HCV) in serum and whole blood. RESULTS Using EIA, HBsAg and anti-HCV prevalence was 4.5% and 16.1% in CKD patients. HBsAg and anti-HCV POCTs had sensitivities from 92.3% to 100% and 84.8% to 89.1% while specificities were 99.3% to 100% and 99.2% to 99.6%, respectively. POCT using serum samples performed well compared with whole blood samples and true positive samples of POCTs had high optical density to cut-off (OD/CO) values compared with EIA. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates good performance of HBsAg and anti-HCV POCTs in CKD patients, especially in serum samples indicating low interference of this disease in the performance of these assays. POCTs could be an important tool for HBV and HCV screening in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Faria Cortes
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Campus Divinopolis, Federal University of São João Del Rey, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Cristianne Sousa Bezerra
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Science, Education and Technology of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Natalia Vasconcelos de Souza
- Postgraduate Program of the Northeast Network of Biotechnology -RENORBIO, State University of Ceará and University of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Danielle Malta Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jeová Keny Baima Colares
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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26
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Portilho MM, Mendonça ACDF, Bezerra CS, do Espirito-Santo MP, de Paula VS, Nabuco LC, Villela-Nogueira CA, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Usefulness of in-house real time PCR for HBV DNA quantification in serum and oral fluid samples. J Virol Methods 2018. [PMID: 29514044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For quantification of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA), commercial assays are used with serum or plasma samples, but oral fluid samples could be an alternative for HBV diagnosis due to ease of collection. This study aims to develop in-house real time PCR using synthetic curve for HBV DNA quantification for serum and oral fluid samples. Samples were collected from 103 individuals (55 HBsAg reactive and HBV DNA reactive by commercial assay and 48 without HBV markers) and submitted to two in-house real time PCR assays for HBV pre-S/S region with different standard curves: qPCR plasmidial and qPCR synthetic. A total of 27 serum samples were HBV DNA positive by qPCR plasmidial and 40 with qPCR synthetic (72% and 85% of concordance, respectively). Quantitative PCR synthetic presented efficiency of 99% and sensitivity of 2log10 copies/mL. Among oral fluid samples, five and ten were detected using qPCR plasmidial and synthetic, respectively. This study demonstrated that qPCR synthetic using serum samples could be used as alternative for HBV DNA quantification due to its sensitivity. In addition, it was possible to quantify HBV DNA in oral fluid samples suggesting the potential of this specimen for molecular diagnosis of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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27
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Scalioni LDP, dos Santos BR, Spritzer PM, Villela-Nogueira CA, Laura Lewis-Ximenez L, Pollo-Flores P, Bordalo Cathalá Esberard E, Brandão-Mello CE, Lampe E, Villar LM. Impact of vitamin D receptor and binding protein gene polymorphisms in clinical and laboratory data of HCV patients: Cross sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9881. [PMID: 29465575 PMCID: PMC5842007 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential relationship of vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and vitamin D binding protein (DBP) have been suggested in the pathophysiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this observational study is to determine vitamin D levels, and VDR and DBP genetic polymorphism according demographic and laboratory data in chronic HCV patients (CHC).A total of 148 CHC patients gave serum samples for testing 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH)D) level by immunochemiluminometric assay (<20 ng/mL defined as deficient) and donated blood samples to allelic discrimination analysis using TaqMan assays. Analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were: VDR-rs7975232 (ApaI) C>A, rs731236 A>G (TaqI), rs1544410 C>T (BsmI), rs10735810 T>C (FokI) and carrier globulin/binding protein (GC)-rs4588 and rs7041 and the haplotype bAt [CCA]. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed using Fib-4 and Forns index.Eighty-two (54.40%) patients demonstrated deficiency of vitamin D and this was associated to AST (P = .019 [CI: 1.003-1.034]), total cholesterol (P = .038 [CI: 1.004-1.164]), fibrosis grade (P < .001 [CI: 0.000-0.844]), and FokI (P = .028) allele T presence. Association was found between VDR polymorphism and fibrosis (BsmI andTaqI), triglycerides (TaqI), and HDL (FokI). DBP polymorphism was associated to HCV genotype (GC rs7041), previous HCV treatment, and GGT (GC rs4588).In conclusion, low frequency of vitamin D deficiency was found, but VDR polymorphisms were frequently associated to fibrosis grade suggesting that they could be used as disease evaluation markers to understand the mechanisms underlying the virus-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Betânia Rodrigues dos Santos
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit Division of Endocrinology Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Department of Physiology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
| | - Poli Mara Spritzer
- Gynecological Endocrinology Unit Division of Endocrinology Porto Alegre Clinical Hospital, Department of Physiology Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro
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28
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Melgaço JG, Gardinali NR, de Mello VDM, Leal M, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Pinto MA. Hepatitis E: Update on Prevention and Control. Biomed Res Int 2018; 2018:5769201. [PMID: 29546064 PMCID: PMC5818934 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5769201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common etiology of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Recombinant HEV vaccines have been developed, but only one is commercially available and licensed in China since 2011. Epidemiological studies have identified genotype 3 as the major cause of chronic infection in immunocompromised individuals. Ribavirin has been shown to be effective as a monotherapy to induce HEV clearance in chronic patients who have undergone solid organ transplant (SOT) under immunosuppressive therapy. Efforts and improvements in prevention and control have been made to reduce the instances of acute and chronic hepatitis E in endemic and nonendemic countries. However, this review shows that further studies are required to demonstrate the importance of preventive vaccination and treatment worldwide, with emphasis on hepatitis E infection in the public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Gil Melgaço
- Ambulatório/Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Noemi Rovaris Gardinali
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vinicius da Motta de Mello
- Ambulatório/Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Leal
- Ambulatório/Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Ambulatório/Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Pinto
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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29
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Portilho MM, Nabuco LC, Villela-Nogueira CA, Brandão-Mello CE, Pilotto JH, Flores GL, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Detection of occult hepatitis B in serum and oral fluid samples. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:62-65. [PMID: 29211108 PMCID: PMC5719542 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760170071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) can be detected in serum samples; however, oral fluid collection for detection of HBV DNA has not yet been explored, despite the availability of collection devices. Serum and oral fluid samples from 45 hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc)-positive patients were collected for the amplification of the HBV polymerase gene. HBV DNA was detected in five serum and four oral fluid samples (the detection limit for oral fluid was 1.656 log IU/mL in paired serum). In conclusion, simple methodologies of sample collection and in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allowed detection of HBV DNA, and these could be used to improve the diagnosis of OBI, especially in locations with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyra Machado Portilho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Leticia Cancella Nabuco
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital Universitário
Clementino Fraga Filho, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Brandão-Mello
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Hospital
Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - José Henrique Pilotto
- Hospital Geral de Nova Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Laboratório de AIDS e Imunologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Geane Lopes Flores
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz,
Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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30
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Villar LM, Caldas GC, Scalioni LDP, Miguel JC, da Silva EF, Marques VA, Villela-Nogueira CA, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E. High prevalence of insulin resistance among Brazilian chronic hepatitis C patients. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2017; 61:628-632. [PMID: 29412389 PMCID: PMC10522051 DOI: 10.1590/2359-3997000000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to estimate the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and their related laboratory and demographic data. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this study, non-diabetic CHC patients referred to Viral Hepatitis Ambulatories from Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) donated blood samples. Insulin was measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. IR was determined by HOMA-IR, where HOMA-IR > 2 was defined as IR. RESULTS A total of 214 CHC patients were recruited (123 females aged 53.6 years ± 10.9 years). IR was present in 133 patients (62.1%) and was associated in bivariate analysis to higher mean values of age (p = 0.040), triglycerides (p = 0.032), glucose (p = 0.000), insulin (p = 0.000), waist circumference (p = 0.001), and body mass index (p = 0.007); however, none of these variables were significant in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of IR was observed among CHC patients, and there was no difference in clinical or laboratory parameters when both groups were compared in the multivariate analysis. This high IR prevalence could lead to a high risk for development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Melo Villar
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Cardoso Caldas
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Leticia de Paula Scalioni
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Juliana Custódio Miguel
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Elisangela Ferreira da Silva
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Alves Marques
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Alves Villela-Nogueira
- Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroHospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF)Departamento de Clínica MédicaRio de JaneiroRJBrasilUnidade de Hepatologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho (HUCFF), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Instituto Oswaldo CruzLaboratório de Hepatite ViralRio de JaneiroRJBrasilLaboratório de Hepatite Viral, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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31
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Almeida RWD, Mello FCDA, Menegoy IV, Santo MPDE, Ginuíno CF, Sousa PSFD, Villar LM, Lampe E, Lewis-Ximenez LL. Detection and molecular characterisation of a diagnosis escape variant associated with occult hepatitis B virus in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:485-491. [PMID: 28591309 PMCID: PMC5452485 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have identified mutations in the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as important factors limiting the ability of commercial serological assays to detect this viral antigen. However, an association between mutations in the HBsAg gene and the occurrence of occult HBV infection (OBI) in patients has not been established. OBJECTIVES To detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in patients with anti-HBc as a unique serological marker, a previously published, cost-effective TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test with minor groove binding probes was adapted for use in this study. The current study also aimed to investigate HBsAg mutations and genotypes of HBV in OBI at the Viral Hepatitis Ambulatory Clinic in Rio de Janeiro to determine any possible association. METHODS Intra-assay and inter-assay reproducibility were determined, and the mean coefficient of variation values obtained were 2.07 and 3.5, respectively. Probit analysis indicated that the 95% detection level was 25 IU/mL. The prevalence of OBI was investigated in 35 serum samples with an ‘anti-HBc alone’ profile from individuals who attended our clinic between 2011 and 2013. FINDINGS HBV DNA was detected in only one sample, resulting in an OBI rate of 2.9%. Nucleotide sequencing of the pre-S/S region was performed to genotype and analyse mutations within the HBsAg gene of this HBV DNA. The HBV in the OBI case was classified as sub-genotype A1, and a sequence analysis of the small S gene revealed 12 mutations in the major hydrophilic region compared to the consensus A1 sequence. Most of these mutations occurred in amino acid residues that have been reported as clinically relevant because they have been implicated in vaccine escape and/or inability to detect HBsAg by commercial serological assays. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests the importance of specific HBsAg mutations, different from those in D, B, and C genotypes, in sub-genotype A1 HBV associated with OBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Wagner de Almeida
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Isabelle Vasconcelos Menegoy
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Cléber Ferreira Ginuíno
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Livia Melo Villar
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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32
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Portilho MM, Mendonça A, Marques VA, Nabuco LC, Villela-Nogueira CA, Ivantes C, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Comparison of oral fluid collection methods for the molecular detection of hepatitis B virus. Oral Dis 2017; 23:1072-1079. [PMID: 28544047 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to compare the efficiency of four oral fluid collection methods (Salivette, FTA Card, spitting and DNA-Sal) to detect HBV DNA by qualitative PCR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-four individuals (32 HBV reactive and 42 with no HBV markers) donated serum and oral fluid. In-house qualitative PCR to detect HBV was used for both samples and commercial quantitative PCR for serum. RESULTS HBV DNA was detected in all serum samples from HBV-infected individuals, and it was not detected in control group. HBV DNA from HBV group was detected in 17 samples collected with Salivette device, 16 samples collected by FTA Card device, 16 samples collected from spitting and 13 samples collected by DNA-Sal device. Samples that corresponded to a higher viral load in their paired serum sample could be detected using all oral fluid collection methods, but Salivette collection device yielded the largest numbers of positive samples and had a wide range of viral load that was detected. CONCLUSION It was possible to detect HBV DNA using all devices tested, but higher number of positive samples was observed when samples were collected using Salivette device, which shows high concordance to viral load observed in the paired serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Portilho
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Acf Mendonça
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V A Marques
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L C Nabuco
- Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C A Villela-Nogueira
- Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cap Ivantes
- Center of Guidance and Advisor (COA), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - L L Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L M Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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33
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Quick J, Grubaugh ND, Pullan ST, Claro IM, Smith AD, Gangavarapu K, Oliveira G, Robles-Sikisaka R, Rogers TF, Beutler NA, Burton DR, Lewis-Ximenez LL, de Jesus JG, Giovanetti M, Hill SC, Black A, Bedford T, Carroll MW, Nunes M, Alcantara LC, Sabino EC, Baylis SA, Faria NR, Loose M, Simpson JT, Pybus OG, Andersen KG, Loman NJ. Multiplex PCR method for MinION and Illumina sequencing of Zika and other virus genomes directly from clinical samples. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1261-1276. [PMID: 28538739 PMCID: PMC5902022 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequencing has become a powerful tool for studying emerging infectious diseases; however, genome sequencing directly from clinical samples (i.e., without isolation and culture) remains challenging for viruses such as Zika, for which metagenomic sequencing methods may generate insufficient numbers of viral reads. Here we present a protocol for generating coding-sequence-complete genomes, comprising an online primer design tool, a novel multiplex PCR enrichment protocol, optimized library preparation methods for the portable MinION sequencer (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) and the Illumina range of instruments, and a bioinformatics pipeline for generating consensus sequences. The MinION protocol does not require an Internet connection for analysis, making it suitable for field applications with limited connectivity. Our method relies on multiplex PCR for targeted enrichment of viral genomes from samples containing as few as 50 genome copies per reaction. Viral consensus sequences can be achieved in 1-2 d by starting with clinical samples and following a simple laboratory workflow. This method has been successfully used by several groups studying Zika virus evolution and is facilitating an understanding of the spread of the virus in the Americas. The protocol can be used to sequence other viral genomes using the online Primal Scheme primer designer software. It is suitable for sequencing either RNA or DNA viruses in the field during outbreaks or as an inexpensive, convenient method for use in the lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Quick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Steven T Pullan
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Ingra M Claro
- Department of Infectious Disease and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Saõ Paulo, Saõ Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrew D Smith
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Glenn Oliveira
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Thomas F Rogers
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Giovanetti
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
- University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Sarah C Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Allison Black
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Miles W Carroll
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
- University of Southampton, South General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Ester C Sabino
- Department of Infectious Disease and Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Saõ Paulo, Saõ Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nuno R Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Loose
- DeepSeq, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | - Kristian G Andersen
- The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nicholas J Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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34
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Faria NR, Quick J, Claro IM, Thézé J, de Jesus JG, Giovanetti M, Kraemer MUG, Hill SC, Black A, da Costa AC, Franco LC, Silva SP, Wu CH, Raghwani J, Cauchemez S, du Plessis L, Verotti MP, de Oliveira WK, Carmo EH, Coelho GE, Santelli ACFS, Vinhal LC, Henriques CM, Simpson JT, Loose M, Andersen KG, Grubaugh ND, Somasekar S, Chiu CY, Muñoz-Medina JE, Gonzalez-Bonilla CR, Arias CF, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Baylis SA, Chieppe AO, Aguiar SF, Fernandes CA, Lemos PS, Nascimento BLS, Monteiro HAO, Siqueira IC, de Queiroz MG, de Souza TR, Bezerra JF, Lemos MR, Pereira GF, Loudal D, Moura LC, Dhalia R, França RF, Magalhães T, Marques ET, Jaenisch T, Wallau GL, de Lima MC, Nascimento V, de Cerqueira EM, de Lima MM, Mascarenhas DL, Neto JPM, Levin AS, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Fonseca SN, Mendes-Correa MC, Milagres FP, Segurado A, Holmes EC, Rambaut A, Bedford T, Nunes MRT, Sabino EC, Alcantara LCJ, Loman NJ, Pybus OG. Establishment and cryptic transmission of Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas. Nature 2017; 546:406-410. [PMID: 28538727 DOI: 10.1038/nature22401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas was first confirmed in May 2015 in northeast Brazil. Brazil has had the highest number of reported ZIKV cases worldwide (more than 200,000 by 24 December 2016) and the most cases associated with microcephaly and other birth defects (2,366 confirmed by 31 December 2016). Since the initial detection of ZIKV in Brazil, more than 45 countries in the Americas have reported local ZIKV transmission, with 24 of these reporting severe ZIKV-associated disease. However, the origin and epidemic history of ZIKV in Brazil and the Americas remain poorly understood, despite the value of this information for interpreting observed trends in reported microcephaly. Here we address this issue by generating 54 complete or partial ZIKV genomes, mostly from Brazil, and reporting data generated by a mobile genomics laboratory that travelled across northeast Brazil in 2016. One sequence represents the earliest confirmed ZIKV infection in Brazil. Analyses of viral genomes with ecological and epidemiological data yield an estimate that ZIKV was present in northeast Brazil by February 2014 and is likely to have disseminated from there, nationally and internationally, before the first detection of ZIKV in the Americas. Estimated dates for the international spread of ZIKV from Brazil indicate the duration of pre-detection cryptic transmission in recipient regions. The role of northeast Brazil in the establishment of ZIKV in the Americas is further supported by geographic analysis of ZIKV transmission potential and by estimates of the basic reproduction number of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Faria
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.,Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - J Quick
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - I M Claro
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Thézé
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - J G de Jesus
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M Giovanetti
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.,University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - M U G Kraemer
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S C Hill
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - A Black
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A C da Costa
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L C Franco
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - S P Silva
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - C-H Wu
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3LB, UK
| | - J Raghwani
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - S Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases and Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA3012, Paris, France
| | - L du Plessis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - M P Verotti
- Coordenação dos Laboratórios de Saúde (CGLAB/DEVIT/SVS), Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil
| | - W K de Oliveira
- Coordenação Geral de Vigilância e Resposta às Emergências em Saúde Pública (CGVR/DEVIT), Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.,Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - E H Carmo
- Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - G E Coelho
- Coordenação Geral dos Programas de Controle e Prevenção da Malária e das Doenças Transmitidas pelo Aedes, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.,Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A C F S Santelli
- Coordenação Geral dos Programas de Controle e Prevenção da Malária e das Doenças Transmitidas pelo Aedes, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L C Vinhal
- Coordenação Geral dos Programas de Controle e Prevenção da Malária e das Doenças Transmitidas pelo Aedes, Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil
| | - C M Henriques
- Departamento de Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - J T Simpson
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Loose
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - K G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - N D Grubaugh
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - S Somasekar
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine &Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - C Y Chiu
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine &Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J E Muñoz-Medina
- División de Laboratorios de Vigilancia e Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C R Gonzalez-Bonilla
- División de Laboratorios de Vigilancia e Investigación Epidemiológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - C F Arias
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | | | - A O Chieppe
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Noel Nutels, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S F Aguiar
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Noel Nutels, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - C A Fernandes
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública Noel Nutels, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - P S Lemos
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - B L S Nascimento
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - H A O Monteiro
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil
| | - I C Siqueira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - M G de Queiroz
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - T R de Souza
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Universidade Potiguar do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - J F Bezerra
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Faculdade Natalense de Ensino e Cultura, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - M R Lemos
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - G F Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - D Loudal
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - L C Moura
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - R Dhalia
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - R F França
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - T Magalhães
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology &Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - E T Marques
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - T Jaenisch
- Section Clinical Tropical Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G L Wallau
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - M C de Lima
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - V Nascimento
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - E M de Cerqueira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | - M M de Lima
- Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - D L Mascarenhas
- Secretaria de Saúde de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - A S Levin
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T R Tozetto-Mendoza
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S N Fonseca
- Hospital São Francisco, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - M C Mendes-Correa
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F P Milagres
- Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Palmas, Brazil
| | - A Segurado
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - A Rambaut
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.,Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - T Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M R T Nunes
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - E C Sabino
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine &Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - N J Loman
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - O G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK.,Metabiota, San Francisco, California 94104, USA
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35
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Flores GL, Cruz HM, Potsch DV, May SB, Brandão-Mello CE, Pires MMA, Pilotto JH, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Evaluation of HBsAg and anti-HBc assays in saliva and dried blood spot samples according HIV status. J Virol Methods 2017; 247:32-37. [PMID: 28506632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Influence of HIV status in HBV markers detection in saliva and dried blood spots (DBS) was not well established. This study aims to evaluate the performance of optimized commercial immunoassay for identifying HBsAg and anti-HBc in saliva and DBS according HIV status. A sum of 535 individuals grouped as HIV+, HBV+, HIV/HBV+ and HIV/HBV- were recruited where 347 and 188 were included for HBsAg and anti-HBc evaluation, respectively. Serum, DBS collected in Whatman 903 paper and saliva obtained using salivette device were analyzed using EIA. Increased sample volume and ROC curve analysis for cut off determination were used for DBS and saliva testing. HBsAg detection in saliva and DBS exhibited sensitivities of 80.9% and 85.6% and specificities of 86.8% and 96.3%. Sensitivity of anti-HBc in saliva and DBS were 82.4% and 76.9% and specificities in saliva and DBS were 96.9% and 91.7%. Low sensitivities were observed for HBsAg (62%) and anti-HBc (47%) detection in saliva of HIV/HBV+ individuals. OD values were also lower for HBsAg detection in DBS and saliva of HIV/HBV+ individuals compared to their serum samples. Statistical significance was found for sensitivities in HBsAg detection between saliva and DBS demonstrating high sensitivity for DBS specimens. In conclusion, HIV status or antiretroviral treatment appears to interfere in the performance of HBsAg and anti-HBc detection in DBS and saliva samples using the adapted commercial EIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geane Lopes Flores
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena Medina Cruz
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise Vigo Potsch
- Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz May
- Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jose Henrique Pilotto
- Nova Iguaçu General Hospital & AIDS and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Flores GL, Cruz HM, Marques VA, Villela-Nogueira CA, Potsch DV, May SB, Brandão-Mello CE, Pires MMA, Pilotto JH, Pollo-Flores P, Esberard EBC, Ivantes C, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Performance of ANTI-HCV testing in dried blood spots and saliva according to HIV status. J Med Virol 2017; 89:1435-1441. [PMID: 28165155 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of saliva and dried blood spots (DBS) could increase access to HCV diagnosis for high-risk populations, such as HIV-infected individuals, but the performance of these assays has not been well established in this group. This study aims to evaluate HIV status, particularly TCD4+ cell count and viral load, in the performance of anti-HCV testing using DBS and saliva. A total of 961 individuals classified as HCV+, HIV+, or HIV/HCV+, as well as negative controls, donated serum, DBS, and saliva samples for anti-HCV testing using a commercial enzyme immunoassay. Sample volume was modified for DBS and saliva, and an ROC curve was used for cut-off determination in saliva. Anti-HCV sensitivities were greater than 93% using DBS and saliva in the HCV+ group, while they were 83.3% and 95.6% for HCV/HIV+ individuals for DBS and saliva assays, respectively. Specificity varied from 91.7% to 100% using saliva and DBS in HIV monoinfected and control subjects. When only anti-HCV/HCV RNA+ serum samples, that is, true positives, were considered, the sensitivities were 98.3% and 100% for DBS and saliva, respectively, in the HCV+ group and 91.6% and 94.8% for DBS and saliva, respectively, in the HIV/HCV+ group. High absorbance values were observed among those presenting with HCV RNA in serum and low HIV viral load (less than 50 copies/mL). In conclusion, DBS and saliva samples could be used for anti-HCV detection, particularly to identify active HCV cases, but low sensitivity was observed for anti-HCV testing using DBS in the HIV/HCV+ group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geane Lopes Flores
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Helena Medina Cruz
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Denise Vigo Potsch
- Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Beatriz May
- Clementino Fraga Filho Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jose Henrique Pilotto
- Nova Iguaçu General Hospital & AIDS and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Cruz HM, Scalioni LDP, Paula VSD, Miguel JC, Ó KMRD, Milagres FAP, Cruz MS, Bastos FI, Flores PP, Leal E, Motta-Castro ARC, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Poor sensitivity of rapid tests for the detection of antibodies to the hepatitis B virus: implications for field studies. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 112:209-213. [PMID: 28146158 PMCID: PMC5319371 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760160394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid tests (RTs) can be used as an alternative method for the conventional diagnosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study aims to evaluate antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibodies to HBeAg (anti-HBe) RTs under different Brazilian settings. The following three groups were included: GI: viral hepatitis outpatient services; GII: low resource areas; and GIII: crack users and beauticians. Imuno-rápido anti-HBsAg™ and Imuno-rápido anti-HBeAg™ RTs were evaluated and showed specificities greater than 95% in all groups. The sensitivity values to anti-HBs were 50.38%, 51.05% and 46.73% and the sensitivity values to anti-HBe were 76.99%, 10.34% and 11.76% in the GI, GII and GIII groups, respectively. The assays had a low sensitivity and high specificity, which indicated their use for screening in regions endemic for HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Medina Cruz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Leticia de Paula Scalioni
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Juliana Custódio Miguel
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Santos Cruz
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Francisco Inácio Bastos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Erotildes Leal
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Macaé, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Melgaço JG, Soriani FM, Sucupira PHF, Pinheiro LA, Vieira YR, de Oliveira JM, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Araújo CCV, Pacheco-Moreira LF, Menezes GB, Cruz OG, Vitral CL, Pinto MA. Changes in cellular proliferation and plasma products are associated with liver failure. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:1370-1383. [PMID: 27917263 PMCID: PMC5114473 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i32.1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the differences in immune response and cytokine profile between acute liver failure and self-limited acute hepatitis.
METHODS Forty-six patients with self-limited acute hepatitis (AH), sixteen patients with acute liver failure (ALF), and twenty-two healthy subjects were involved in this study. The inflammatory and anti-inflammatory products in plasma samples were quantified using commercial enzyme-linked immunoassays and quantitative real-time PCR. The cellular immune responses were measured by proliferation assay using flow cytometry. The groups were divided into viral- and non-viral-induced self-limited AH and ALF. Thus, we worked with five groups: Hepatitis A virus (HAV)-induced self-limited acute hepatitis (HAV-AH), HAV-induced ALF (HAV-ALF), non-viral-induced self-limited acute hepatitis (non-viral AH), non-viral-induced acute liver failure (non-viral ALF), and healthy subjects (HC). Comparisons among HAV and non-viral-induced AH and ALF were performed.
RESULTS The levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the cytokines investigated [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor] were significantly increased in ALF patients, independently of etiology (P < 0.05). High plasma mtDNA and IL-10 were the best markers associated with ALF [mtDNA: OR = 320.5 (95%CI: 14.42-7123.33), P < 0.0001; and IL-10: OR = 18.8 (95%CI: 1.38-257.94), P = 0.028] and death [mtDNA: OR = 12.1 (95%CI: 2.57-57.07), P = 0.002; and IL-10: OR = 8.01 (95%CI: 1.26-50.97), P = 0.027]. In the cellular proliferation assay, NKbright, NKT and regulatory T cells (TReg) predominated in virus-specific stimulation in HAV-induced ALF patients with an anergic behavior in the cellular response to mitotic stimulation. Therefore, in non-viral-induced ALF, anergic behavior of activated T cells was not observed after mitotic stimulation, as expected and as described by the literature.
CONCLUSION mtDNA and IL-10 may be predictors of ALF and death. TReg cells are involved in immunological disturbance in HAV-induced ALF.
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Marques BLC, do Espírito-Santo MP, Marques VA, Miguel JC, da Silva EF, Villela-Nogueira CA, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Evaluation of dried blood spot samples for hepatitis C virus detection and quantification. J Clin Virol 2016; 82:139-144. [PMID: 27497191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dried blood spots (DBS) could be an excellent alternative for HCV diagnosis, since it is less invasive and can be stored and transported without refrigeration. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to optimize quantitative and qualitative methods for HCV detection in DBS. STUDY DESIGN DBS and serum samples were collected from 99 subjects (59 anti-HCV/HCV RNA positive and 40 seronegative samples). Seven extraction methods and different PCR parameters were evaluated in DBS samples in the quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) developed to amplify the 5' noncoding region of HCV. A qualitative PCR for amplification of NS5B region of HCV was also valued and the nested-PCR sequenced. RESULTS The qRT-PCR showed good correlation to commercial assay for HCV viral measurement in serum. To quantify HCV RNA in DBS, it was necessary to increase reverse transcriptase and cDNA concentration. HCV RNA quantification in DBS demonstrated sensitivity of 65.9%, 100% of specificity and kappa statistic of 0.65. The median viral load of DBS samples was 5.38 log10 copies/ml (minimum value=1.76 and maximum value=10.48 log10 copies/ml). HCV RNA was detected in NS5B regions and nucleotide sequences obtained in 43 serum and 11 DBS samples. The presence of the same subtype was observed in paired serum and DBS samples. CONCLUSIONS In this study, it was possible to demonstrate that, despite the low sensitivity, the optimized protocol was able to determine the viral load, as well as, the infecting HCV genotype, validating the usefulness of DBS for viral load determination and molecular epidemiology studies of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vanessa Alves Marques
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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40
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Villar LM, Lampe E, de Almeida AJ, de Paula Scalioni L, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Miguel JC, del Campo JA, Ranchal I, Villela-Nogueira CA, Romero-Gomez M. Reply to contribution on the topic of hypovitaminosis D in chronic hepatitis C. Ann Hepatol 2016; 15:139-40. [PMID: 26626653 DOI: 10.5604/16652681.1184297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Livia M Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - José Antonio del Campo
- Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isidora Ranchal
- Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Romero-Gomez
- Unit for the Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases and CIBERehd, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
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41
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Flores GL, de Almeida AJ, Miguel JC, Cruz HM, Portilho MM, Scalioni LDP, Marques VA, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. A Cross Section Study to Determine the Prevalence of Antibodies against HIV Infection among Hepatitis B and C Infected Individuals. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13:ijerph13030314. [PMID: 26978383 PMCID: PMC4808977 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) BACKGROUND: There are limited data regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence among hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected individuals. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among HIV individuals; (2) METHODS: A total of 409 patients (126 HBV+ and 283 HCV+) referred to the Brazilian Reference Laboratory for Viral Hepatitis from 2010 to 2013 donated serum samples. Anti-HIV, HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, anti-HBcIgM, anti-HBe, HBeAg, and anti-HCV antibodies were measured, and anti-HCV positive samples were tested for viral RNA and genotype; (3) RESULTS: The anti-HIV antibody prevalence was 10.31% and 4.59% among HBV+ and HCV+ patients, respectively. The HCV mean (SD) viral load was log 5.14 ± 1.64 IU/mL, and genotype I was most prevalent (163/283). Anti-HBs and anti-HBc were detected in 40% and 26% of HCV+ individuals, respectively. Among the HBV+ population, the presence of anti-HIV antibodies was associated with male gender, marital status (married), tattoo, sexual orientation, sexual practices (oral sex and anal sex), history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), history of viral hepatitis treatment, and a sexual partner with hepatitis or HIV. For the HCV+ group, the presence of anti-HIV antibodies was associated with female gender, marital status (married), anal intercourse, previous history of STDs, and number of sexual partners; (4) CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of anti-HIV antibodies was found among individuals with HBV and HCV, showing the importance of education programmes towards HIV infection among HBV- and HCV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geane L Flores
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil.
| | - Adilson J de Almeida
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil.
| | - Juliana C Miguel
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil.
| | - Helena M Cruz
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil.
| | - Moyra M Portilho
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil.
| | - Letícia de P Scalioni
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa A Marques
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil.
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil.
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil.
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil.
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42
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Bottecchia M, Barcaiu HS, Lewis-Ximenez LL, da Silva E Mouta Junior S, de Moraes MTB. Monitoring the emergence of HBV resistance mutations by HBV-RNA pyrosequencing. Braz J Infect Dis 2016; 20:216-7. [PMID: 26748231 PMCID: PMC9427611 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Bottecchia
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Halime Silva Barcaiu
- DIP Doenças Infecto-parasitárias, Hospital dos Servidores do Estado (HSE), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio da Silva E Mouta Junior
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia Terezinha Baroni de Moraes
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Amado Leon LA, de Almeida AJ, de Paula VS, Tourinho RS, Villela DAM, Gaspar AMC, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Pinto MA. Longitudinal Study of Hepatitis A Infection by Saliva Sampling: The Kinetics of HAV Markers in Saliva Revealed the Application of Saliva Tests for Hepatitis A Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145454. [PMID: 26690904 PMCID: PMC4686585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing numbers of studies investigating hepatitis A diagnostic through saliva, the frequency and the pattern of hepatitis A virus (HAV) markers in this fluid still remains unknown. To address this issue, we carried on a longitudinal study to examine the kinetics of HAV markers in saliva, in comparison with serum samples. The present study followed-up ten patients with acute hepatitis A infection during 180 days post diagnosis (dpd). Total anti-HAV was detected in paired serum and saliva samples until the end of the follow-up, showing a peak titer at 90th. However, total anti-HAV level was higher in serum than in saliva samples. This HAV marker showed a probability of 100% to be detected in both serum and saliva during 180 dpd. The IgM anti-HAV could be detected in saliva up to 150 dpd, showing the highest frequency at 30th, when it was detected in all individuals. During the first month of HAV infection, this acute HAV marker showed a detection probability of 100% in paired samples. The detection of IgM anti-HAV in saliva was not dependent on its level in serum, HAV-RNA detection and/or viral load, since no association was found between IgM anti-HAV positivity in saliva and any of these parameter (p>0.05). Most of the patients (80%) were found to contain HAV-RNA in saliva, mainly at early acute phase (30th day). However, it was possible to demonstrate the HAV RNA presence in paired samples for more than 90 days, even after seroconversion. No significant relationship was observed between salivary HAV-RNA positivity and serum viral load, demonstrating that serum viral load is not predictive of HAV-RNA detection in saliva. Similar viral load was seen in paired samples (on average 104 copies/mL). These data demonstrate that the best diagnostic coverage can be achieved by salivary anti-HAV antibodies and HAV-RNA tests during 30-90 dpd. The long detection and high probability of specific-HAV antibodies positivity in saliva samples make the assessment of salivary antibodies a useful tool for diagnosis and epidemiological studies. The high frequency of HAV-RNA in saliva and the probability of detection of about 50%, during the first 30 dpd, demonstrate that saliva is also useful for molecular investigation of hepatitis A cases, mainly during the early course of infection. Therefore, the collection of saliva may provide a simple, cheap and non-invasive means of diagnosis, epidemiological surveys and monitoring of hepatitis A infection purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Almeida Amado Leon
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Adilson José de Almeida
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Santos Tourinho
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Coimbra Gaspar
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Alves Pinto
- Laboratory of Technological Development in Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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44
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Cruz HM, Scalioni LDP, de Paula VS, da Silva EF, do Ó KMR, Milagres FAP, Cruz MS, Bastos FI, Pollo-Flores P, Leal E, Motta-Castro ARC, Pilotto JH, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Evaluating HBsAg rapid test performance for different biological samples from low and high infection rate settings & populations. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:548. [PMID: 26619906 PMCID: PMC4665901 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-1249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid tests (RTs) might have several advantages over standard laboratory procedures, increasing access to diagnosis, especially among vulnerable populations and/or those living in remote areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of RTs for the detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in samples from different populations/settings. Methods Three RTs for HBsAg detection (Vikia® HBsAg, HBsAg Teste Rápido®, and Imuno-Rápido HBsAg®) and different biological specimens (serum, whole blood, and saliva) were evaluated. Analyses comprised a reference panel and samples from field studies targeting suspected cases of hepatitis B virus (HBV) (G I), individuals living in deprived areas (G II), and highly vulnerable individuals (G III). Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was defined as the gold standard in this study. Reproducibility, repeatability, and cross-reactivity with other infectious agents such as dengue, immunodeficiency (HIV), and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses and T. pallidum were determined. Results For the reference panel, the sensitivity and specificity of all HBsAg RTs were higher than 93.00 %. G I presented the highest kappa values for all rapid assays using sera samples. When using serum, the sensitivity values were higher than 93.40 for G I, 60.00 % for G II and 66.77 % for G III, and the specificity values were higher than 99.50 for GI, 97.20 for G II and 99.10 % for G III for all tests. For whole blood samples & the Vikia® HBsAg assay, the best performance was achieved for GIII (k = 79.75 %). For saliva samples, the Imuno-Rápido HBsAg® assay showed the highest concordance values with EIA for G I (40.68 %) and G II (32.20 %). The reproducibility and repeatability of all RTs for serum and saliva were excellent, and the concordance between HBsAg EIAs and RTs using samples reactive with other infectious agents varied from 70.10 % to 100.00 %. Conclusions The overall performance of RTs for HBsAg in serum was high/moderately high for all groups, thereby promoting increased access to HBV diagnosis among vulnerable populations as well as samples from individuals in emergency settings or remote areas. Rapid tests for HBsAg using whole blood could be used in prevalence studies, though these assays should not be used for saliva samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1249-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Medina Cruz
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Laboratory of Technological Development of Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Santos Cruz
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Inácio Bastos
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information & Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Pollo-Flores
- Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Erotildes Leal
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Campus Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - José Henrique Pilotto
- Laboratory of AIDS and Molecular Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Present address: Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Helio and Peggy Pereira Pavilion - Ground, Floor - Room B09, FIOCRUZ Av. Brazil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 210360-040, Brazil.
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Portilho MM, Baptista ML, da Silva M, de Sousa PSF, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Usefulness of in-house PCR methods for hepatitis B virus DNA detection. J Virol Methods 2015. [PMID: 26215428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of three in-house PCR techniques for HBV DNA detection and compare it with commercial quantitative methods to evaluate the usefulness of in-house methods for HBV diagnosis. Three panels of HBsAg reactive sera samples were evaluated: (i) 50 samples were examined using three methods for in-house qualitative PCR and the Cobas Amplicor HBV Monitor Assay; (ii) 87 samples were assayed using in-house semi-nested PCR and the Cobas TaqMan HBV test; (iii) 11 serial samples obtained from 2 HBV-infected individuals were assayed using the Cobas Amplicor HBV test and semi-nested PCR. In panel I, HBV DNA was detected in 44 samples using the Cobas Amplicor HBV test, 42 samples using semi-nested PCR (90% concordance with Cobas Amplicor), 22 samples using PCR for the core gene (63.6% concordance) and 29 samples using single-round PCR for the pre-S/S gene (75% concordance). In panel II, HBV DNA was quantified in 78 of the 87 HBsAg reactive samples using Cobas TaqMan but 52 samples using semi-nested PCR (67.8% concordance). HBV DNA was detected in serial samples until the 17th and 26th week after first donation using in-house semi-nested PCR and the Cobas Amplicor HBV test, respectively. In-house semi-nested PCR presented adequate concordance with commercial methods as an alternative method for HBV molecular diagnosis in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyra Machado Portilho
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Leite Baptista
- Laboratory of Enteroviruses, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Messias da Silva
- Department of Technical and Technological Support, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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de Barros JJF, Peres LR, de Sousa PSF, do Amaral Mello FC, de Araujo NM, de Andrade Gomes S, Niel C, Lewis-Ximenez LL. Occult infection with HBV intergenotypic A2/G recombinant following acute hepatitis B caused by an HBV/A2 isolate. J Clin Virol 2015; 67:31-5. [PMID: 25959154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Viral and host factors leading to occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) are not fully understood. Whether HBV genotype may influence the occurrence and course of OBIs is unknown. Here, we describe the case of a patient infected with HBV genotype A2 who developed symptomatic acute hepatitis and did not seroconvert after loss of HBsAg and HBeAg. The acute phase of hepatitis B was followed by a period of more than 2 years during which the DNA of an intergenotypic HBV/A2/G recombinant was intermittently detected in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Júnior França de Barros
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Rego Peres
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Fonseca de Sousa
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Natalia Motta de Araujo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Selma de Andrade Gomes
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christian Niel
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratório de Referência Nacional para Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Almeida RWD, Espírito-Santo MP, Sousa PSF, Almeida AJD, Lampe E, Lewis-Ximenez LL. Hepatitis B virus DNA stability in plasma samples under short-term storage at 42°C. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:553-6. [PMID: 25790101 PMCID: PMC4470315 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20144040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the stability of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in plasma samples stored at
42°C for external quality assessment (EQA) panels of viral load. To assess the
stability of plasma samples containing different concentrations of HBV DNA, serial
dilutions of HBV-infected samples with a viral load of 6.40 log(10) IU/mL
were made to yield viral loads of 5, 4, and 3 log(10) IU/mL. These were
incubated at 42°C for up to 7 days and then frozen at -70°C. Viral load testing for
HBV DNA was performed for all samples using COBAS¯
AmpliPrep/COBAS¯ TaqMan¯ HBV Test (v.2.0, Roche,
Switzerland). Results were compared with fresh frozen plasma samples as a benchmark
to establish acceptable measurements on the days following sample collection.
Although the results of this study demonstrated a decrease in HBV DNA viral load
ranging from 0.005 to 0.30 log(10) IU/mL after storage at 42°C for up to 7
days, these values did not exceed 0.5 log(10), which is the estimated
intra-assay variation for molecular tests. Thus, the insignificant decrease in viral
load suggests that shipment of HBV in plasma samples at temperatures of up to 42°C is
permissible if they are frozen within 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W de Almeida
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M P Espírito-Santo
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - P S F Sousa
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A J de Almeida
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - E Lampe
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - L L Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratório de Hepatites Virais, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Scalioni LDP, Cruz HM, de Paula VS, Miguel JC, Marques VA, Villela-Nogueira CA, Milagres FAP, Cruz MS, Bastos FI, Andrade TM, Motta-Castro ARC, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Lampe E, Villar LM. Performance of rapid hepatitis C virus antibody assays among high- and low-risk populations. J Clin Virol 2014; 60:200-5. [PMID: 24794796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid tests for the detection of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) can facilitate access to diagnosis. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the performance of rapid tests for anti-HCV detection in the sera, whole blood, and oral fluid samples from individuals with different endemicity profiles and risk behaviors. STUDY DESIGN Three groups donated biological samples that were tested using three anti-HCV rapid tests (WAMA, Bioeasy and OraSure): (I) suspected cases of hepatitis C, (II) individuals who were living in remote areas in Brazil and (III) crack users and beauty professionals. Reproducibility, repeatability and cross-reactivity to other infectious agents (dengue, HIV, malaria, and syphilis) were also evaluated. RESULTS In group I, specificities varied from 93.75% to 100% and sensitivities varied from 76.03% to 93.84% according to the EIA results. When anti-HCV/HCV RNA-reactive sera samples were considered true-positive HCV cases, the sensitivities and specificities varied from 86.3% to 99.09% and 93.75% to 100%, respectively. In group II, the OraSure rapid test presented the best performance. In group III, the Bioeasy assay performed best using saliva and whole blood and the OraSure assay performed best using oral fluid samples. The reproducibility and repeatability of the WAMA and Bioeasy tests were excellent. The level of concordance between the HCV EIAs and the rapid tests using samples that were reactive for other infectious agents varied from 82.35% to 100% for the WAMA assay and 94.11% to 100% for the Bioeasy assay. CONCLUSION All of the rapid tests could be used to identify active HCV infection among individuals with different endemicity profiles and risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Medina Cruz
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Laboratory of Tecnhological Development of Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Alves Marques
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Santos Cruz
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco Inácio Bastos
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information & Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Elisabeth Lampe
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Martins PP, Lampe E, Lewis-Ximenez LL, de Souza PSF, Fernandes CA, Villar LM. Performance of molecular methods for hepatitis C virus diagnosis: usefulness among chronic cases and during the course of infection. Clin Lab 2013; 59:1031-9. [PMID: 24273925 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2013.120903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular methods are essential to define hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of molecular qualitative and quantitative methods for HCV RNA among chronic patients and individuals during the course of HCV infection. METHODS Single serum samples were obtained from 82 HCV infected individuals where six of them donated serial serum samples (n = 52) during the course of HCV infection. Qualitative (in-house RT-nested PCR and COBAS AMPLICOR HCV Test v2.0 and TMA) and quantitative (COBAS AMPLICOR HCV Monitor Test v2.0 and bDNA) techniques were employed. RESULTS TMA presented the highest rate (87.8%) of HCV detection among qualitative tests and it was the most sensitive for HCV RNA detection during the early and late phases of HCV infection. HCV RNA was quantified among 56 samples and significant correlation was observed between the two assays (r 0.92; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that both quantitative methods can be used among chronic and acute HCV cases, but TMA was the most efficient for HCV qualitative detection among chronic cases and in the early and late phases of HCV infection.
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Echevarría JM, González JE, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Dos Santos DRL, Munné MS, Pinto MA, Pujol FH, Rodríguez-Lay LA. Hepatitis E virus infection in Latin America: a review. J Med Virol 2013; 85:1037-45. [PMID: 23588729 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Data reported during recent years reveal the complex picture of the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in Latin America. Whereas in countries like Argentina and Brazil is almost identical to the characteristic of most countries from North America and Europe, HEV in the Caribbean and Mexico involves the water-borne, non-zoonotic viral genotypes responsible for epidemics in Asia and Africa. Nevertheless, Latin America has been considered a highly endemic region for hepatitis E in the scientific literature, a generalization that ignores the above complexity. In addition, reports from isolated Amerindian communities, which display well known, important and very specific epidemiological features for hepatitis B and D virus infections are neither taken into account when considering the epidemiology of hepatitis E in the region. This review updates compilation of the available information for the HEV infection, both among humans and other mammals, in Latin America, discusses the strengths and the weaknesses of our current knowledge, and identifies future areas of research.
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