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You D, Wang YL, Ge LP, Zhou YC, Sun J, Lang LQ, Lai SY, Ai YR, Zhu L, Xu ZW. Establishment and application of an indirect ELISA for Getah virus E2 antibody detection. J Virol Methods 2024; 325:114885. [PMID: 38228247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Getah virus (GETV) is a mosquito-transmitted disease that affects animals, causing fever, aseptic meningitis, and abortion. Its prevalence in China poses risks to both animal health and public well-being. Currently, there is a scarcity of seroepidemiological data on GETV due to the absence of commercial antibody detection kits for pigs. The aim of this study is to develop a rapid, accurate, and sensitive ELISA, providing a reliable tool for GETV seroepidemiology and laying the foundation for future commercial assay development. In this study, we removed specific hydrophobic domains and intracellular structures from E2 proteins and constructed the recombinant plasmid pCold-TF-E2. The recombinant protein was expressed using a prokaryotic expression system, and efficient purification of the rE2 protein was achieved using a nickel affinity column. The purified rE2 protein is suitable for the development of an indirect ELISA (rE2 ELISA). Following the optimization of reaction conditions for the rE2-ELISA, the cut-off value was 0.356. Additionally, the rE2-ELISA method showed a positive rate of 37.1% for IgG antibodies against GETV when testing 986 pig clinical serum samples collected from pigs in Sichuan between May 2022 and September 2022. The rE2-ELISA method displayed a 95.1% overall agreement with VNT, boasting a sensitivity of 98.2% and a specificity of 92.6%. These results indicate that IgG ELISA based on rE2 protein is an efficient and economical method for the detection of GETV antibodies in pigs, facilitating the diagnosis and prevention of GETV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong You
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Ling Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Yuan-Cheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China; Livestock and Poultry Biological Products Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Sun
- ChongQing Academy of Animal Sciences, China
| | | | - Si-Yuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Ru Ai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhi-Wen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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Gyawali N, Murphy AK, Hugo LE, Devine GJ. A micro-PRNT for the detection of Ross River virus antibodies in mosquito blood meals: A useful tool for inferring transmission pathways. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229314. [PMID: 32706777 PMCID: PMC7380888 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many arboviruses of public health significance are maintained in zoonotic cycles with complex transmission pathways. The presence of serum antibody against arboviruses in vertebrates provides evidence of their historical exposure but reveals nothing about the vector-reservoir relationship. Moreover, collecting blood or tissue samples from vertebrate hosts is ethically and logistically challenging. We developed a novel approach for screening the immune status of vertebrates against Ross River virus that allows us to implicate the vectors that form the transmission pathways for this commonly notified Australian arboviral disease. Methods A micro-plaque reduction neutralisation test (micro-PRNT) was developed and validated on koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) sera against a standard PRNT. The ability of the micro-PRNT to detect RRV antibodies in mosquito blood meals was then tested using two mosquito models. Laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti were fed, via a membrane, on sheep blood supplemented with RRV seropositive and seronegative human sera. Aedes notoscriptus were fed on RRV seropositive and seronegative human volunteers. Blood-fed mosquitoes were harvested at various time points after feeding and their blood meals analysed for the presence of RRV neutralising antibodies using the micro-PRNT. Results There was significant agreement of the plaque neutralisation resulting from the micro-PRNT and standard PRNT techniques (R2 = 0.65; P<0.0001) when applied to RRV antibody detection in koala sera. Sensitivity and specificity of the micro-PRNT assay were 88.2% and 96%, respectively, in comparison with the standard PRNT. Blood meals from mosquitoes fed on sheep blood supplemented with RRV antibodies, and on blood from RRV seropositive humans neutralised the virus by ≥50% until 48 hr post feeding. The vertebrate origin of the blood meal was also ascertained for the same samples, in parallel, using established molecular techniques. Conclusions The small volumes of blood present in mosquito abdomens can be used to identify RRV antibodies and therefore host exposure to arbovirus infection. In tandem with the accurate identification of the mosquito, and diagnostics for the host origin of the blood meal, this technique has tremendous potential for exploring RRV transmission pathways. It can be adapted for similar studies on other mosquito borne zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Gyawali
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Amanda K. Murphy
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leon E. Hugo
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregor J. Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Aubry M, Kama M, Vanhomwegen J, Teissier A, Mariteragi-Helle T, Hue S, Hibberd ML, Manuguerra JC, Christi K, Watson CH, Nilles EJ, Lau CL, Aaskov J, Musso D, Kucharski AJ, Cao-Lormeau VM. Ross River Virus Antibody Prevalence, Fiji Islands, 2013-2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:827-830. [PMID: 30882332 PMCID: PMC6433005 DOI: 10.3201/eid2504.180694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A unique outbreak of Ross River virus (RRV) infection was reported in Fiji in 1979. In 2013, RRV seroprevalence among residents was 46.5% (362/778). Of the residents who were seronegative in 2013 and retested in 2015, 10.9% (21/192) had seroconverted to RRV, suggesting ongoing endemic circulation of RRV in Fiji.
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Caly L, Horwood PF, Vijaykrishna D, Lynch S, Greenhill AR, Pomat W, Rai G, Kisa D, Bande G, Druce J, Abdad MY. Divergent Barmah Forest Virus from Papua New Guinea. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:2266-2269. [PMID: 31742504 PMCID: PMC6874237 DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.191070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of Barmah Forest virus infection in a child from Central Province, Papua New Guinea, who had no previous travel history. Genomic characterization of the virus showed divergent origin compared with viruses previously detected, supporting the hypothesis that the range of Barmah Forest virus extends beyond Australia.
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Pezzi L, LaBeaud AD, Reusken CB, Drexler JF, Vasilakis N, Diallo M, Simon F, Jaenisch T, Gallian P, Sall A, Failloux AB, Weaver SC, de Lamballerie X. GloPID-R report on chikungunya, o'nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus, part 2: Epidemiological distribution of o'nyong-nyong virus. Antiviral Res 2019; 172:104611. [PMID: 31545982 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The GloPID-R (Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness) chikungunya (CHIKV), o'nyong-nyong (ONNV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) Working Group has been established to identify gaps of knowledge about the natural history, epidemiology and medical management of infection by these viruses, and to provide adapted recommendations for future investigations. Here, we present a report dedicated to ONNV epidemiological distribution. Two large-scale ONNV outbreaks have been identified in Africa in the last 60 years, interspersed with sporadic serosurveys and case reports of returning travelers. The assessment of the real scale of ONNV circulation in Africa remains a difficult task and surveillance studies are necessary to fill this gap. The identification of ONNV etiology is made complicated by the absence of multiplex tools in co-circulation areas and that of reference standards, as well as the high cross-reactivity with related pathogens observed in serological tests, in particular with CHIKV. This is a specific obstacle for seroprevalence studies, that necessitate an improvement of serological tools to provide robust results. The scarcity of existent genetic data currently limits molecular epidemiology studies. ONNV epidemiology would also benefit from reinforced entomological and environmental surveillance. Finally, the natural history of the disease deserves to be further investigated, with a specific attention paid to long-term complications. Considering our incomplete knowledge on ONNV distribution, GloPID-R CHIKV, ONNV and MAYV experts recommend that a major effort should be done to fill existing gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pezzi
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France; EA7310, Laboratoire de Virologie, Université de Corse-Inserm, Corte, France.
| | - A D LaBeaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, USA
| | - C B Reusken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Department Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J F Drexler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, And Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, 10117, Berlin, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Germany
| | - N Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - M Diallo
- Unité D'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - F Simon
- Laveran Military Teaching Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - T Jaenisch
- Section Clinical Tropical Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Gallian
- Établissement Français Du Sang Alpes Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - A Sall
- Unité D'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - A B Failloux
- Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Paris, France
| | - S C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | - X de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
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Rodrigues RL, Menezes GDL, Saivish MV, Costa VGD, Pereira M, Moreli ML, Silva RAD. Prediction of MAYV peptide antigens for immunodiagnostic tests by immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulations. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13339. [PMID: 31527652 PMCID: PMC6746749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mayaro virus is endemic to South America, and the possible involvement of Aedes spp. mosquitoes in its transmission is a risk factor for outbreaks of greater proportions. The virus causes a potentially disabling illness known as Mayaro fever, which is similar to that caused by the chikungunya virus. The cocirculation of both viruses, with their clinical and structural similarities, and the absence of prophylactic and therapeutic measures highlight the need for studies that seek to understand the Mayaro virus. Using approaches in silico, we identified an antigenic and specific epitope (p_MAYV4) in domain A of the E2 glycoprotein of the Mayaro virus. This epitope was theoretically predicted to be stable and exposed on the surface of the protein, where it showed key properties that enable its interaction with neutralizing antibodies. These characteristics make it an interesting target for the development of immunodiagnostic platforms. Molecular dynamics simulation-based structural analysis showed that the PHE95 residue in the E1 fusion loop region is conserved among Alphavirus family members. PHE95 interacts with the hydrophobic residues of the E2 glycoprotein to form a cage-shaped structure that is critical to assemble and stabilize the E1/E2 heterodimer. These results provide important insights useful for the advancement of diagnostic platforms and the study of therapeutic alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Luiz Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Laboratório de Virologia, Jataí, GO, 75801-615, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vivaldo Gomes Da Costa
- Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Maristela Pereira
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Lázaro Moreli
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Laboratório de Virologia, Jataí, GO, 75801-615, Brazil.
| | - Roosevelt Alves Da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Núcleo Colaborativo de BioSistemas, Jataí, GO, 75801-615, Brazil.
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Henss L, Yue C, Kandler J, Faddy HM, Simmons G, Panning M, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Baylis SA, Schnierle BS. Establishment of an Alphavirus-Specific Neutralization Assay to Distinguish Infections with Different Members of the Semliki Forest complex. Viruses 2019; 11:v11010082. [PMID: 30669393 PMCID: PMC6356848 DOI: 10.3390/v11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alphaviruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors and can be found worldwide. Alphaviruses of the Semliki Forest complex such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Mayaro virus (MAYV) or Ross River virus (RRV) cause acute febrile illness and long-lasting arthralgia in humans, which cannot be clinically discriminated from a dengue virus or Zika virus infection. Alphaviruses utilize a diverse array of mosquito vectors for transmission and spread. For instance, adaptation of CHIKV to transmission by Aedes albopictus has increased its spread and resulted in large outbreaks in the Indian Ocean islands. For many alphaviruses commercial diagnostic tests are not available or show cross-reactivity among alphaviruses. Climate change and globalization will increase the spread of alphaviruses and monitoring of infections is necessary and requires virus-specific methods. Method: We established an alphavirus neutralization assay in a 384-well format by using pseudotyped lentiviral vectors. Results: MAYV-specific reactivity could be discriminated from CHIKV reactivity. Human plasma from blood donors infected with RRV could be clearly identified and did not cross-react with other alphaviruses. Conclusion: This safe and easy to use multiplex assay allows the discrimination of alphavirus-specific reactivity within a single assay and has potential for epidemiological surveillance. It might also be useful for the development of a pan-alphavirus vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Henss
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Constanze Yue
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Joshua Kandler
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
| | - Helen M Faddy
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Brisbane QLD 4000, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118-4417, USA.
| | - Marcus Panning
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | - Sally A Baylis
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Department of Virology, 63225 Langen, Germany.
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Braceland M, Tinsley J, Cockerill D, Bickerdike R, McLoughlin MF, Eckersall PD. Selective precipitation reaction: a novel diagnostic test for tissue pathology in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, infected with salmonid alphavirus (SAV3). J Fish Dis 2017; 40:1077-1087. [PMID: 27905123 PMCID: PMC5516131 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
While investigating biomarkers for infection with salmonid alphavirus (SAV), the cause of pancreas disease (PD), a selective precipitation reaction (SPR) has been discovered in serum which could be an on-farm qualitative test and an in-laboratory quantitative assay for health assessments in aquaculture. Mixing serum from Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, with SAV infection with a sodium acetate buffer caused a visible precipitation which does not occur with serum from healthy salmon. Proteomic examination of the precipitate has revealed that the components are a mix of muscle proteins, for example enolase and aldolase, along with serum protein such as serotransferrin and complement C9. The assay has been optimized for molarity, pH, temperature and wavelength so that the precipitation can be measured as the change in optical density at 340 nm (Δ340 ). Application of the SPR assay to serum samples from a cohabitation trial of SAV infection in salmon showed that the Δ340 in infected fish rose from undetectable to a maximum at 6 weeks post-infection correlating with histopathological score of pancreas, heart and muscle damage. This test may have a valuable role to play in the diagnostic evaluation of stock health in salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Braceland
- Institute of Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Present address:
Center for Aquaculture Technologies20 Hope StreetSourisPECanada
| | | | | | | | | | - P D Eckersall
- Institute of Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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Tappe D, Pérez-Girón JV, Just-Nübling G, Schuster G, Gómez-Medina S, Günther S, Muñoz-Fontela C, Schmidt-Chanasit J. Sustained Elevated Cytokine Levels during Recovery Phase of Mayaro Virus Infection. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:750-2. [PMID: 26981875 PMCID: PMC4806971 DOI: 10.3201/eid2204.151502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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10
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Mota MTDO, Terzian AC, Silva MLCR, Estofolete C, Nogueira ML. Mosquito-transmitted viruses - the great Brazilian challenge. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47 Suppl 1:38-50. [PMID: 27818091 PMCID: PMC5156505 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arboviruses pose a serious threat to public health worldwide, overloading the healthcare system and causing economic losses. These viruses form a very diverse group, and in Brazil, arboviruses belonging to the families Flaviviridae and Togaviridae are predominant. Unfortunately, the number of arboviruses increases in proportion with factors such as deforestation, poor sanitation, climate changes, and introduction of new viruses like Chikungunya virus and Zika virus. In Brazil, dengue is endemic, along with the presence of other arboviruses. The situation is complicated by the scarcity of diagnostic infrastructure and the absence of approved vaccines for these diseases. Disease control, thus, relies solely on vector control. Therefore, enhanced clinical knowledge and improved general awareness about these arboviruses are indispensable to tackle diagnostic inadequacies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Carolina Terzian
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Cássia Estofolete
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Knope KE, Muller M, Kurucz N, Doggett SL, Feldman R, Johansen CA, Hobby M, Bennett S, Lynch S, Sly A, Currie BJ. Arboviral diseases and malaria in Australia, 2013-14: Annual report of the National Arbovirus and Malaria Advisory Committee. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2016; 40:E400-E436. [PMID: 28278416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases of public health importance in Australia during the 2013-14 season (1 July 2013 to 30 June 2014) and includes data from human notifications, sentinel chicken, vector and virus surveillance programs. The National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System received notifications for 8,898 cases of disease transmitted by mosquitoes during the 2013-14 season. The Australasian alphaviruses Barmah Forest virus and Ross River virus accounted for 6,372 (72%) total notifications. However, over-diagnosis and possible false positive diagnostic test results for these 2 infections mean that the true burden of infection is likely overestimated, and as a consequence, the case definitions have been amended. There were 94 notifications of imported chikungunya virus infection and 13 cases of imported Zika virus infection. There were 212 notifications of dengue virus infection acquired in Australia and 1,795 cases acquired overseas, with an additional 14 cases for which the place of acquisition was unknown. Imported cases of dengue were most frequently acquired in Indonesia (51%). No cases of locally-acquired malaria were notified during the 2013-14 season, though there were 373 notifications of overseas-acquired malaria. In 2013-14, arbovirus and mosquito surveillance programs were conducted in most jurisdictions. Surveillance for exotic mosquitoes at international ports of entry continues to be a vital part of preventing the spread of vectors of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue to new areas of Australia, with 13 detections of exotic mosquitoes at the ports of entry in 2013-14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina E Knope
- Zoonoses, Foodborne and Emerging Infectious Diseases Section, Health Protection Policy Branch, Office of Health Protection, Department of Health, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory
| | - Mike Muller
- Brisbane City Council Mosquito Management, Fortitude Valley, Queensland
| | - Nina Kurucz
- Medical Entomology, Centre for Disease Control, Health Protection Division, Northern Territory Department of Health, Royal Darwin Hospital, Casuarina, Northern Territory
| | - Stephen L Doggett
- Department of Medical Entomology, Pathology West, Institute for Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales
| | - Rebecca Feldman
- Communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Health, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Cheryl A Johansen
- >Arbovirus Surveillance and Research Laboratory, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia. As of July 2015: Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Western Australian Department of Health, Nedlands, Western Australia
| | - Michaela Hobby
- Health Protection, Public Health, South Australian Department of Health, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Sonya Bennett
- Communicable Diseases Branch, Department of Health, Queensland Health, Herston, Queensland
| | - Stacey Lynch
- Department of Economic Development AgriBio Centre, Victoria
| | - Angus Sly
- Operational Science Services, Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, Compliance Division, Eagle Farm, Queensland
| | - Bart J Currie
- Royal Darwin Hospital Northern Territory; Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory
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Revised surveillance case definitions. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2015; 39:E599-601. [PMID: 26779734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Petrov AA, Pyshnaya NS, Lebedev VN, Kulish VS, Stovba LF, Kazantsev AV, Borisevich SV. [DETECTION OF VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS RNA IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES BY REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2015:82-86. [PMID: 26950994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Detection-and identification of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus RNA in biological samples by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RT-PCR in real time (rRT-PCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS VEE, Sindbis, West Nile, Japanese and tick-borne encephalitis viruses were studied. Cell culture of chicken fibroblasts, outbred mice and rats, Javanese macaques were used in the experiments. Biological activity determination of the running culture of causative agents used in the experiments was carried out by negative colony method in monolayer cell culture under agar coating. and using intra-cerebral infection of mice. Reagent kits developed in the 48th Central Research Institute and Institute of Analytical Instrument Engineering were used during execution of experiments of VEE virus RNA detection by RT-PCR and rRT-PCR. RESULTS VEE virus was detected in biological samples by various methods. Data from RT-PCR and rRT-PCR are in accordance with the results of virus detection in samples using sensitive animals. CONCLUSION Use of molecular-diagnostics methods for detection in biological samples of a causative agent of a dangerous infectious disease is important for procuring biological safety of Russian Federation.
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MESH Headings
- Alphavirus Infections/diagnosis
- Alphavirus Infections/virology
- Animals
- Animals, Outbred Strains
- Chickens
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/isolation & purification
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/genetics
- Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan Equine/isolation & purification
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/genetics
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne/isolation & purification
- Encephalitis, Japanese/diagnosis
- Encephalitis, Japanese/virology
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/diagnosis
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne/virology
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/diagnosis
- Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/virology
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Fibroblasts/virology
- Humans
- Macaca mulatta
- Mice
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Rats
- Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/standards
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Sindbis Virus/genetics
- Sindbis Virus/isolation & purification
- West Nile Fever/diagnosis
- West Nile Fever/virology
- West Nile virus/genetics
- West Nile virus/isolation & purification
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14
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Friedrich-Jänicke B, Emmerich P, Tappe D, Günther S, Cadar D, Schmidt-Chanasit J. Genome analysis of Mayaro virus imported to Germany from French Guiana. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1255-7. [PMID: 24960052 PMCID: PMC4073840 DOI: 10.3201/eid2007.140043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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15
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Alegría R, Arriagada G, Urcelay S, Hamilton-West C. Cross-sectional study to investigate the presence of salmon pancreas disease virus in wild and feral fish populations in 10 lakes, Los Lagos Region, Chile. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:113-119. [PMID: 24382013 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Alegría
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; PhD Program in Agriculture, Forestry and Veterinary Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- J Erin Staples
- From the Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO
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17
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18
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19
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George SL. Chikungunya update. Mo Med 2014; 111:343. [PMID: 25211866 PMCID: PMC6179478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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20
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Selvey LA, Donnelly JA, Lindsay MD, PottumarthyBoddu S, D'Abrera VC, Smith DW. Ross River virus infection surveillance in the Greater Perth Metropolitan area--has there been an increase in cases in the winter months? Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2014; 38:E114-E122. [PMID: 25222206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An increase in off-season (June to September) Ross River virus (RRV) notifications from the greater Perth metropolitan area was observed from 2006 to 2009. We investigated the increase to determine whether it is likely to have reflected a true increase in off-season cases. A single positive RRV IgM test result is sufficient for RRV notification but where follow-up testing was performed, the positive predictive value of an IgM test where IgG was negative was very low in the off-season and also in the season when using the only commercially available test kit. The increase in off-season notifications was not associated with an increase in off-season testing. Some Perth laboratories use more stringent notification criteria than the nationally agreed RRV case definition, and the geographical distribution of samples tested varies between laboratories. Our findings make a strong case to change the nationally agreed case definition for RRV to not accept a single IgM positive test result as laboratory definitive evidence where the IgG is negative. Our study also identified a range of challenges in interpreting changes in seasonal patterns and geographical distribution of RRV. Any such observed changes should be investigated through further data analysis and/or mosquito trapping and testing in order to assess validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Selvey
- Director of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | | | - Michael D Lindsay
- Managing Scientist, Environmental Health Hazards, Environmental Health Directorate, Western Australian Department of Health, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Sudha PottumarthyBoddu
- Pathologist in Charge, Microbiology, St John of God Pathology, Wembley, Western Australia
| | - Victoria C D'Abrera
- Pathologist, Microbiology, St John of God Pathology, Wembley, Western Australia
| | - David W Smith
- Clinical Virologist, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia; PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia
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21
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Shchelkanov MI, L'vov DK, Kolobukhina LV, Al'khovskiĭ SV, Shchetinin AM, Saĭfullin MA, Kruzhkova IS, Aristova VA, Morozova TV, Samokhvalov EI, Gushchina EA, Klimenko SM, Arsen'eva TV, Ambrosi OE, Bazarova MV, Malyshev NA. [Isolation of the Chikungunya virus in Moscow from the Indonesian visitor (September, 2013)]. Vopr Virusol 2014; 59:28-34. [PMID: 25335416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The results of the virological identification of the Chikungunya fever case in Moscow (September, 2013) in an Indonesian visitor are presented. The clinic, electron microscopy, and molecular genetic data are discussed. The Ghikungunya virus (CHIKV) strain CHIKVILEIV-Moscow/1/2013 belonging to the Asian genotype (ID GenBank KF872195) was deposited into the Russian State Collection of viruses (GKV 1239; 18.11.2013).
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22
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Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae is a positive strand RNA virus that is transmitted commonly by the Aedes mosquitoes. The characteristic clinical symptom of the virus infection is incapacitating arthralgia that could persist for few weeks to several months in the affected individuals (1, 2). High morbidity with severe polyarthralgia, rashes and ocular, hemorrhagic and sensorineural complications are reported in the re-emerging infection (3-5). The acquisition of an A226V mutation in the envelope protein E1 has increased the transmissibility of the virus in the widely prevalent Ae. Albopictus mosquitoes (6). CHIKV infection has become more widespread in the recent years as the mosquito vectors have expanded into new areas. Imported cases of CHIKV have been reported in nearly 40 countries until now (7).
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Lertanekawattana S, Anantapreecha S, Jiraphongsa C, Duan-ngern P, Potjalongsin S, Wiittayabamrung W, Daroon P, Techolarn M. Prevalence and characteristics of dengue and chikungunya infections among acute febrile patients in Nong Khai Province, Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2013; 44:780-790. [PMID: 24437313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a cross sectional study at three hospitals of Nong Khai Province, Thailand to determine the prevalence and characteristics of dengue and chikungunya infection among patients who sought care. The study population was acute febrile patients who visited these hospitals during 1 August -31 October, 2010 who were aged 2-60 years and had clinical symptoms compatible with the case definition. Dengue and chikungunya cases were confirmed by an ELISA IgM titer or RT-PCR. We also reviewed surveillance data of dengue and chikungunya infections from 2003-2009. Of the 200 participants recruited into the study, 103 patients (51.5%) were confirmed to have acute dengue infection; dengue serotype 2 was the most prevalence serotype. The ages of confirmed dengue cases ranged from 2-37 years old. The distribution of cases showed that dengue morbidity tended to be clustered in adjacent areas, particularly in Mueang District. Only a small proportion of the patients uses mosquito repellant and had screens on their windows. One patient (0.5%) had laboratory confirmed chikungunya infection. She was from Rattanawapi District, an area where no chikungunya had been reported before. Since the disease varies by age and geographic location, increased awareness of health care workers and public health officers about the diseases in the area is needed for early detection of cases and to promote early prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chuleeporn Jiraphongsa
- Bureau of Epidemiology Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi
| | - Pawinee Duan-ngern
- Bureau of Epidemiology Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi
| | | | | | - Pamol Daroon
- Nong Khai Provincial Health Office, Ministry of Public Health, Nong Khai, Thailand
| | - Meta Techolarn
- Nong Khai Provincial Health Office, Ministry of Public Health, Nong Khai, Thailand
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24
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Andriamandimby SF, Heraud JM, Randrianasolo L, Rafisandratantsoa JT, Andriamamonjy S, Richard V. Dried-blood spots: a cost-effective field method for the detection of Chikungunya virus circulation in remote areas. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2339. [PMID: 23936570 PMCID: PMC3723542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2005, there were outbreaks of febrile polyarthritis due to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the Comoros Islands. CHIKV then spread to other islands in the Indian Ocean: La Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles and Madagascar. These outbreaks revealed the lack of surveillance and preparedness of Madagascar and other countries. Thus, it was decided in 2007 to establish a syndrome-based surveillance network to monitor dengue-like illness. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the use of capillary blood samples blotted on filter papers for molecular diagnosis of CHIKV infection. Venous blood samples can be difficult to obtain and the shipment of serum in appropriate temperature conditions is too costly for most developing countries. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Venous blood and dried-blood blotted on filter paper (DBFP) were collected during the last CHIKV outbreak in Madagascar (2010) and as part of our routine surveillance of dengue-like illness. All samples were tested by real-time RT-PCR and results with serum and DBFP samples were compared for each patient. The sensitivity and specificity of tests performed with DBFP, relative to those with venous samples (defined as 100%) were 93.1% (95% CI:[84.7-97.7]) and 94.4% (95% CI:[88.3-97.7]), respectively. The Kappa coefficient 0.87 (95% CI:[0.80-0.94]) was excellent. CONCLUSION This study shows that DBFP specimens can be used as a cost-effective alternative sampling method for the surveillance and monitoring of CHIKV circulation and emergence in developing countries, and probably also for other arboviruses. The loss of sensitivity is insignificant and involved a very small number of patients, all with low viral loads. Whether viruses can be isolated from dried blood spots remains to be determined.
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25
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Hueston L, Toi CS, Jeoffreys N, Sorrell T, Gilbert G. Diagnosis of Barmah Forest virus infection by a nested real-time SYBR green RT-PCR assay. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65197. [PMID: 23935816 PMCID: PMC3720699 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Barmah Forest virus (BFV) is a mosquito borne (+) ssRNA alphavirus found only in Australia. It causes rash, myalgia and arthralgia in humans and is usually diagnosed serologically. We developed a real-time PCR assay to detect BFV in an effort to improve diagnosis early in the course of infection. The limit of detection was 16 genome equivalents with a specificity of 100%. Fifty five serum samples from BFV-infected patients were tested by the PCR. 52 of 53 antibody-positive samples were PCR negative. Two culture-positive (neutralizing antibody negative) samples were positive on first round PCR, while one sample (IgM and neutralizing antibody strongly positive, IgG negative) was positive on second round PCR, suggesting that viral RNA is detectable and transiently present in early infection. PCR can provide results faster than culture, is capable of high throughput and by sequencing the PCR product strain variants can be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hueston
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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26
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Caglioti C, Lalle E, Castilletti C, Carletti F, Capobianchi MR, Bordi L. Chikungunya virus infection: an overview. New Microbiol 2013; 36:211-227. [PMID: 23912863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus belonging to the Togaviridae family, first isolated in Tanzania in 1952. The main vectors are mosquitoes from the Aedes species. Recently, the establishment of an envelope mutation increased infectivity for A. albopictus. CHIKV has recently re-emerged causing millions of infections in countries around the Indian Ocean characterized by climate conditions favourable to high vector density. Importation of human cases to European regions with high density of suitable arthropod vectors (such as A. albopictus) may trigger autochthonous outbreaks. The clinical signs of CHIKV infection include non-specific flu-like symptoms, and a characteristic rash accompanied by joint pain that may last for a long time after the resolution of the infection. The death rate is not particularly high, but excess mortality has been observed in concomitance with large CHIKV outbreaks. Deregulation of innate defense mechanisms, such as cytokine inflammatory response, may participate in the main clinical signs of CHIKV infection, and the establishment of persistent (chronic) disease. There is no specific therapy, and prevention is the main countermeasure. Prevention is based on insect control and in avoiding mosquito bites in endemic countries. Diagnosis is based on the detection of virus by molecular methods or by virus culture on the first days of infection, and by detection of an immune response in later stages. CHIKV infection must be suspected in patients with compatible clinical symptoms returning from epidemic/endemic areas. Differential diagnosis should take into account the cross-reactivity with other viruses from the same antigenic complex (i.e. O'nyong-nyong virus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Caglioti
- Laboratory of Virology, "L. Spallanzani" National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
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27
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Dogan ADA, Bunes K, Skarphédinsson S. [The tropical disease Chikungunya fever has come to Europe]. Ugeskr Laeger 2013; 175:1716-1719. [PMID: 23763933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya fever is an acute febrile illness associated with severe, often debilitating polyarthralgias. The disease is caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arthropod-borne virus that is transmitted to humans primarily via the bite of an infected mosquito. Since a re-emergence of CHIKV in 2004 in the Indian Ocean islands, the virus has spread into novel locations such as Europe. In Italy, an outbreak occurred in 2007. A mutation in CHIKV (E1-A226V) appears to improve virus survival in Ae. albopictus and also increase its virulence. Further attention should be given the disease since it is emerging in Europe.
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28
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Stierstorfer F. [Viral souvenirs from travels - also important when not traveling in the tropics]. MMW Fortschr Med 2013; 155:37-41. [PMID: 23951659 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-013-0702-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franz Stierstorfer
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universititsklinikum Regensburg.
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29
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Hussain R, Alomar I, Memish ZA. Chikungunya virus: emergence of an arthritic arbovirus in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J 2013; 19:506-508. [PMID: 24617133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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30
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Hjortaas MJ, Skjelstad HR, Taksdal T, Olsen AB, Johansen R, Bang-Jensen B, Ørpetveit I, Sindre H. The first detections of subtype 2-related salmonid alphavirus (SAV2) in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Norway. J Fish Dis 2013; 36:71-4. [PMID: 22943794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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31
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Abstract
This review article discusses important infectious illnesses, namely malaria, dengue, and chikungunya, in travelers returning from endemic areas. Malaria and dengue are two of the most common systemic illnesses reported in returning travelers. Because chikungunya is gaining importance, it is also briefly discussed. The clinical significance of these diseases is mainly due to the possibility of sudden deterioration with high mortality in clinically healthy looking patients. The key clinical features, their diagnosis, and treatment algorithms are discussed in detail to help in early diagnosis and appropriate clinical management of such travelers presenting in emergency departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chand Wattal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi, India.
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32
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Kumar KJ, Manjunath VG, Shailashree M, Girish GN. Coinfection with dengue and chikungunya--a case report. J Indian Med Assoc 2012; 110:749-752. [PMID: 23738415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever outbreaks are reported from India since last 10 years. Since 2005, chikungunya is also causing massive outbreaks in India and other parts of Asia. Both viruses are transmitted by aedes genus and both viruses can re-emerge in many regions due to climatic changes. The clinical presentation of both arthropod borne diseases are similar. Here a concomitant infection of chikungunya and dengue is reported in an 8-year-old child.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jagadish Kumar
- Department of Paediatrics, JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore
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33
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Chikungunya outbreak--Cambodia, February-March 2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2012; 61:737-40. [PMID: 22992571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. CHIKV causes fever and usually is not fatal, but can cause debilitating joint pains or, in rare instances, severe illness. The East/Central/South African strain of chikungunya has been emerging in Asia since 2006, first in the Indian subcontinent, then Thailand. This report describes the characteristics of a local outbreak linked with chikungunya reemergence in a rural Asian setting. Sporadic cases of chikungunya were identified in Cambodia in 2011. Antibodies to CHIKV have been detected in serum collected in Cambodia in 2007, but the strain could not be identified for those cases (U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 2, unpublished data, 2012). On March 7, 2012, several cases of rash with fever were reported among village residents of Trapeang Roka in Kampong Speu Province, Cambodia. Subsequent field investigation revealed that four of six blood samples from affected persons were positive for CHIKV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit 2 in Phnom Penh. Investigators from the Cambodian Communicable Disease Control Department, National Malaria Center, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (IPC), local health centers, and village authorities conducted a seroprevalence study of village residents on March 26 to gather information for response planning and control efforts. The outbreak affected families throughout the village, and 44.7% of the population tested had evidence of infection by CHIKV, which affected all age groups. Public health agencies and policymakers in affected and nearby unaffected areas of Asia and elsewhere should be alert to the potential spread and reemergence of CHIKV.
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Abstract
Unique disorders appear episodically in human populations and cause life-threatening systemic or neurological disease. Historical examples of such disorders include von Economo encephalitis, a disorder of presumed viral etiology; acquired immune deficiency syndrome, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus; and severe acute respiratory syndrome, caused by a member of the coronavirus family. This article describes the factors that contribute to the emergence of infectious diseases and focuses on selected recent examples of emerging viral infections that can affect the nervous system of infants, children, and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Bale
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84113, USA.
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35
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Neumayr A, Gabriel M, Fritz J, Günther S, Hatz C, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Blum J. Mayaro virus infection in traveler returning from Amazon Basin, northern Peru. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:695-6. [PMID: 22469145 PMCID: PMC3309675 DOI: 10.3201/eid1804.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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36
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Chaves TDSS, Pellini ACG, Mascheretti M, Jahnel MT, Ribeiro AF, Rodrigues SG, Vasconcelos PFDC, Boulos M. Travelers as sentinels for chikungunya fever, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:529-30. [PMID: 22377013 PMCID: PMC3309573 DOI: 10.3201/eid1803.110838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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37
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Marimoutou C, Vivier E, Oliver M, Boutin JP, Simon F. Morbidity and impaired quality of life 30 months after chikungunya infection: comparative cohort of infected and uninfected French military policemen in Reunion Island. Medicine (Baltimore) 2012; 91:212-219. [PMID: 22732952 DOI: 10.1097/md.0b013e318260b604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared the morbidity and quality of life of military policemen ("gendarmes") infected with chikungunya virus (CHIKV+) 30 months after contamination. We categorized the subjects in 3 groups: healed patients (n = 48), non-healed patients (n = 37, 44% of CHIKV+), and uninfected subjects (CHIKV-, n = 297). Data were self-recorded in this retrospective cohort study; they included sociodemographic information, clinical symptoms, and the Medical Outcome Study 36-item short-form health survey (MOS-SF36) quality of life questionnaire. The study population was mostly men (92%), with a median age of 42.8 years, regardless of CHIKV status. The main complaints were rheumatic symptoms (pain, stiffness, and swelling), reported 5 times more often by non-healed CHIKV+ subjects and 2-3 times more often by healed CHIKV+ subjects than by CHIKV- subjects, and fatigue. The CHIKV+ patients reported more use of health care services. Thirty months after infection, all rheumatic symptoms were more frequent and intense among CHIKV+ than among CHIKV- subjects, with a gradient of severity between healed and non-healed CHIKV+ subjects. Non-healed CHIKV+ subjects reported subsequent limitation in their activities. All dimensions of MOS-SF36 as well as physical and mental component summaries were impaired in CHIKV+ compared to CHIKV- subjects, with a decreasing gradient of impairment from non-healed to healed CHIKV+ subjects, then to CHIKV- subjects. These observations confirm the long-term impact of CHIKV infection on both physical and mental health. Questions persist regarding the duration of this impairment and the possibility of a return to "before CHIKV" health status for infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Marimoutou
- From the Clinical Research Unit (CM), Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine (EV, FS), and Department of Medical Biochemistry (MO), Laveran Military Teaching Hospital, Marseille; Center for Epidemiology and Public Health for the French Army (CM, J-PB), Marseille; and URMITE, Université de la Méditerranée (FS), Marseille, France
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40
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Abstract
Chikungunya fever (CF) is an acute illness caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) belonging to the alphavirus genus of the Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) family. The virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. CF is primarily tropical disease occurring in Africa, Asia and Indian Ocean islands but in the last decade an outbreak of CHIKV autochthonous infections were reported in Italy and France. It is associated with viral genome mutations facilitating transmission of the disease by Aedes albopictus, a mosquito occurring in several European countries. The CF is highly symptomatic, characterized by fever, cutaneuos rash and severe athralgia and arthritis. In some patients severe neurological or hemorrhagic manifestations occur. The disease is self-limiting but a part of the patients suffers from a long-lasting arthritis akin to rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment is only symptomatic. Prevention includes reduction of mosquito bite (mosquito net, repellent) or application of measures against mosquito larvae. Vaccination is not currently available but investigations are in progress. CF presents a significant worldwide health problem affecting in the last decade millions of person, and currently dangerous also for European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J Kucharz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
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41
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42
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43
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Liew C, Yung CF. First detection of chikungunya infection and transmission in Brunei Darussalam. Singapore Med J 2012; 53:e66-e68. [PMID: 22511064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the chikungunya cases and local transmission detected in Brunei Darussalam for the first time, despite the country being situated in a region that has experienced a multitude of outbreaks over the years. A combined strategy of active case detection, patient isolation and vector control measures was deployed in an attempt to avert further transmission. The findings have important public health implications for international surveillance and control strategies for this re-emerging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Liew
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Brunei Darussalam
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44
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Islam MN, Hossain MA, Khaleque MA, Karim MR, Khan MR, Mia AH, Ali MS. Chikungunya virus infection, a threat to public health. Mymensingh Med J 2012; 21:372-376. [PMID: 22561790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Many countries in the world have reported human infections by chikungunya virus (CHIKV) a mosquito-borne togavirus belonging to the genus alpha virus. After half a century of focal out breaks of acute febrile poly arthralgia, the disease had spread unexpectedly in the past decade with large outbreaks in Africa around the Indian Ocean and in Bangladesh. In Asia, CHIKV is thought to be transmitted by the same mosquito as dengue, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Due to similarities in clinical presentation with dengue, limited awareness and a lack of laboratory diagnostic facilities, CHIKV is probably often under diagnosed or misdiagnosed as dengue. Treatment is supportive. The prognosis is generally good although some patients experience chronic arthritis. There is no vaccine or antiviral therapy against CHIKV. Early identification of disease and control of vector will prevent the spread of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Islam
- Department of Neonatology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh.
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Li J, Zhu W, Wang H, Li J, Zhang Q, He Y, Li J, Fu J, Li D, Liang G. Rapid, specific detection of alphaviruses from tissue cultures using a replicon-defective reporter gene assay. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33007. [PMID: 22427930 PMCID: PMC3299729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We established a rapid, specific technique for detecting alphaviruses using a replicon-defective reporter gene assay derived from the Sindbis virus XJ-160. The pVaXJ expression vector containing the XJ-160 genome was engineered to form the expression vectors pVaXJ-EGFP expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) or pVaXJ-GLuc expressing Gaussia luciferase (GLuc). The replicon-defective reporter plasmids pVaXJ-EGFPΔnsp4 and pVaXJ-GLucΔnsp4 were constructed by deleting 1139 bp in the non-structural protein 4 (nsP4) gene. The deletion in the nsP4 gene prevented the defective replicons from replicating and expressing reporter genes in transfected BHK-21 cells. However, when these transfected cells were infected with an alphavirus, the non-structural proteins expressed by the alphavirus could act on the defective replicons in trans and induce the expression of the reporter genes. The replicon-defective plasmids were used to visualize the presence of alphavirus qualitatively or detect it quantitatively. Specificity tests showed that this assay could detect a variety of alphaviruses from tissue cultures, while other RNA viruses, such as Japanese encephalitis virus and Tahyna virus, gave negative results with this system. Sensitivity tests showed that the limit of detection (LOD) of this replicon-defective assay is between 1 and 10 PFU for Sindbis viruses. These results indicate that, with the help of the replicon-defective alphavirus detection technique, we can specifically, sensitively, and rapidly detect alphaviruses in tissue cultures. The detection technique constructed here may be well suited for use in clinical examination and epidemiological surveillance, as well as for rapid screening of potential viral biological warfare agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjiao Li
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (IVDC, China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Wuyang Zhu
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (IVDC, China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Huanqin Wang
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (IVDC, China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (SKLID), Department of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (IVDC, China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Quanfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (SKLID), Department of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (IVDC, China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (IVDC, China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (IVDC, China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Fu
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (IVDC, China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Dexin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (SKLID), Department of Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (IVDC, China CDC), Beijing, China
| | - Guodong Liang
- Department of Viral Encephalitis, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (IVDC, China CDC), Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Stojcic I. [Chikungunya epidemic in 2005-2006: questions from occupational health professionals]. Med Trop (Mars) 2012; 72 Spec No:103-104. [PMID: 22693941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The exceptionally large-scale chikungunya outbreak that struck Reunion Island in 2005-2006 raised numerous yet-unresolved issues for occupational medicine professionals such as massive use of insecticides and recognition of occupational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stojcic
- Médecin de prévention, Saint Leu, Réunion.
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Boumahni B, Bintner M. [Five-year outcome of mother-to-child transmission of chikungunya virus]. Med Trop (Mars) 2012; 72 Spec No:94-96. [PMID: 22693938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus is an arbovirus (alphavirus) transmitted by Aedes albopictus in Reunion Island. A huge chikungunya outbreak swept Reunion Island in 2005- 2006. We report the first case of chikungunya neonatal infection and the 5-years outcome of the 18 neonates hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit between June 2005 and March 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Boumahni
- Service de réanimation néonatale et pédiatrique, CHU, Groupe hospitalier Sud Réunion, Saint Pierre 97410, La Réunion.
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de Chazournes P. [Chikungunya on Reunion Island. Experience, opinion, and proposals of general practitioners: poorly understood symptoms, lack of treatment protocol, exaggerated sequels, neglected players]. Med Trop (Mars) 2012; 72 Spec No:72-75. [PMID: 22693933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In 2005-2006 the Chikungunya caused a major sanitary crisis in Reunion for which neither the authorities, nor the healthcare professionals were prepared, as the symptoms were poorly defined, the treatment not validated and the sequels underestimated. General practioners described "in vivo" clinical and therapeutic facts and help conducted three ground studies. They were indeed the doctors of first recourse for painful and feverish patients. Have we drawn all lessons of this sanitary crisis that struck nearly the third of the population? Are we better prepared to face the acute and the chronic forms of a forthcoming epidemic? Efforts and indisputable institutional progress were made, but "Everything" still remains to be made combining all health professional efforts with a better consideration of the professionals of ground.
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Crégut P. [Judicial or administrative settlement of medical malpractice claims. Update on medical liability]. Med Trop (Mars) 2012; 72 Spec No:105-110. [PMID: 22693942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Settlement of medical malpractice claims was radically changed by the Kouchner Law that set up a rapid, effective system of indemnification. Victims can choose between conventional court proceedings and a non-judicial conciliation procedure. Choice between the two processes depends on the circumstances of the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Crégut
- Maître de conférence en droit public, Université de La Réunion.
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Fourmaintraux A. [The messenger syndrome]. Med Trop (Mars) 2012; 72 Spec No:23-24. [PMID: 22693922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Since mid 2005 pediatricians of the Groupe hospitalier Sud Reunion de Saint-Pierre have observed a self-imposed requirement to test for mother-to-child transmission of chikungunya. Sanitary authorities refuse to consider such testing as necessary. The risk of mother-to-child transmission was not mentioned in literature of the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fourmaintraux
- Service de pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Régional de La Réunion, site Groupe hospitalier Sud Réunion, 97400 Saint-Pierre, Réunion.
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