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Bordignon JCP, Paulino ÉT, Silva MECD, Alencar MDFL, Gomes KNF, Sotero-Martins A, Santos JAAD, Boia MN, Moraes Neto AHAD. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections versus knowledge, attitudes and practices of male residents in Brazilian urban slums: a cross-sectional study. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2022; 64:e41. [PMID: 35703610 PMCID: PMC9190514 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202264041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are neglected diseases caused by helminths and protozoa, with the relationships between parasite, host and environment having the potential to produce high morbidity and incapacity to work and mortality in vulnerable areas. This study assessed the prevalence of IPIs concerning socio-environmental conditions and analyzed the knowledge, attitudes and practices related to these diseases among men living in the slums of Rio de Janeiro city, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an agglomeration of urban slums between 2018 and 2019, with men aged between 20 and 59 years. A socioeconomic status questionnaire and an IPIs knowledge, attitudes and practices questionnaire (KAPQ) were applied. Coproparasitological diagnoses (n=454) were performed using four methods and samples of water for household consumption (n=392) were subjected to microbiological and physicochemical analysis. A total of 624 participants were enrolled. About 40% of the households had "water unsuitable for consumption". Only one Major Area, MA 3 was not statistically significant for IPIs (AOR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.30-1.88; p=0.55). The overall prevalence of IPIs was 23.8%. Endolimax nana (n=65, 14.3%) and hookworm (n=8, 1.7%) were the most frequently identified parasites. The analysis of the frequency of responses to the KAPQ has shown that men reported to seeking medical care if they were suspicious of IPIs, and around 35% would self-medicate. The results have shown the need to adopt integrated health education practices targeting male residents in urban slums to qualify the care with water for human consumption and promote self-care about IPIs. The household can be considered strategic for Primary Health Care activities for men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Cesar Pegado Bordignon
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Érica Tex Paulino
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milena Enderson Chagas da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima Leal Alencar
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Keyla Nunes Farias Gomes
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Sotero-Martins
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca, Departamento de Saneamento e Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Albuquerque Dos Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcio Neves Boia
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Paulino ÉT, Ribeiro de Lima M, Viçosa AL, da Silva CH, Salomon CJ, Real DA, Leonardi D, Mello Silva CC, de Moraes Neto AHA. The Effect of Different Formulations of Praziquantel in Reducing Worms in the Prepatent Period of Schistosomiasis in Murine Models. Front Public Health 2022; 10:848633. [PMID: 35692307 PMCID: PMC9184718 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.848633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a widely distributed parasitic disease and one of the most important neglected tropical diseases globally, for which Praziquantel® (PZQ) is the only available treatment. In this context, tests with new PZQ formulations become relevant for disease control. This study evaluated the effects of PZQ treatment in the prepatent phase of schistosomiasis using two formulations: nanoencapsulated (PZQ-NANO) and active pharmaceutical ingredient (PZQ-API). Five experimental groups were established, for which the following serological parameters were evaluated: ALT, AST, ALP, and TP. Animals treated with PZQ-API at 15 and 30 days post-infection showed decreased eggs per gram of feces (EPG) compared to untreated infected animals. The same animals showed reductions of 63.6 and 65.1%, respectively, at 60 days post-infection. Animals treated with PZQ-NANO experienced no significant changes in EPG at any time of observation. Animals treated with either PZQ-API or PZQ-NANO had higher ALT and AST levels in the patent period (60 and 90 days post-infection). Treatment with PZQ, either API or NANO, at 15 days post-infection reduced AST, ALT, and TP levels. It is concluded that prepatent treatment with PZQ-API can reduce the parasite load of infected animals and that treatment at 15 days post-infection can prevent increased serum levels of ALT, AST, and TP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Érica Tex Paulino
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Teaching and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (LITEB/IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Evaluation and Promotion, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (LAPSA/IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Tropical Medicine Program, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monique Ribeiro de Lima
- Animal Experimentation Center, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Lifsitch Viçosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacotechnics, Farmanguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cleber Hooper da Silva
- Institute of Science and Technology in Biomodels, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudio Javier Salomon
- Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Institute of Chemistry of Rosario—National Research Council Scientific and Techniques (IQUIR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Daniel Andrés Real
- Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Institute of Chemistry of Rosario—National Research Council Scientific and Techniques (IQUIR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Dario Leonardi
- Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Institute of Chemistry of Rosario—National Research Council Scientific and Techniques (IQUIR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Clélia Christina Mello Silva
- Laboratory of Environmental Health Evaluation and Promotion, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (LAPSA/IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Clélia Christina Mello Silva
| | - Antonio Henrique Almeida de Moraes Neto
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Teaching and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (LITEB/IOC/FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Almeida MM, Monteiro KJL, Bacelar PAA, Santos JPD, Freitas SPCD, Evangelista BBC, Leal DN, Silva DDAE, Cardoso AB, Nascimento EFD, Moraes Neto AHAD, Carvalho-Costa FA. Interactions between malnutrition, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and poverty among children living in periurban communities in Maranhao State, Northeastern Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020; 62:e73. [PMID: 33027397 PMCID: PMC7534403 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202062073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poverty, malnutrition and neglected tropical diseases such as soil-transmitted helminthiases (STHs) interact in a multi-causal feedback network. This study aimed to assess the relationships between STHs, income and nutritional status of children in impoverished communities in the city of Caxias, Maranhao State, Northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional survey (n=259 children) was carried out with the collection of fecal samples and assessment of sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary and sanitation data. Hookworm infection and ascariasis presented prevalence rates of 14.3% and 9.3%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis showed that hookworm infection was more frequent in males (odds ratio [OR]=3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.45-8.08), children aged 11-15 years old (OR=3.72; 95% CI=1.19-11.62), children living in poor families (OR=2.44; 95% CI=1.04-5.68) and those living in rented houses (OR=5.74; 95%CI=1.91-17.25). Concerning ascariasis, living in the Caldeiroes community (OR=0.01; 95%CI=0-0.17) and belonging to the 11-15 years age group (OR=0.21; 95%CI=0.04-1.02) were protection factors. Poor children have a significantly lower frequency of consumption of meat, milk, vegetables, tubers and fruits than not poor children. The frequent consumption of meat, milk and tubers was associated with significant higher values in the parameter height-for-age, whereas the consumption of meat and milk positively influenced the weight-for-age. The frequencies of stunting, underweight and wasting were 8.1%, 4.9% and 2.9%, respectively. The multivariate model demonstrated that stunting was significantly associated with economic poverty (OR=2.82; 95%CI=1.03-7.70) and low weight was associated with male sex (OR=6.43; 95% CI=1.35-30.68). In conclusion, the study describes the interactions between the dimensions of development represented by income, STHs and nutritional status revealing the importance of raising income levels to improve the living conditions of families in impoverished communities in Northeastern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayron Morais Almeida
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Escritório Técnico Regional Fiocruz Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Polyanna Araújo Alves Bacelar
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Escritório Técnico Regional Fiocruz Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Pereira Dos Santos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Escritório Técnico Regional Fiocruz Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elaine Ferreira do Nascimento
- Escritório Técnico Regional Fiocruz Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Piauí, Coordenação do Programa de Pós‑Graduação em Políticas Públicas, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | | | - Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Sistemática Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Escritório Técnico Regional Fiocruz Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Cruz HM, Barbosa JR, Baima Colares JK, de Moraes Neto AHA, Alencar MDFL, Bastos FI, da Mota JC, Carvalho-Costa FA, Ivantes CAP, Lewis-Ximenez LL, Villar LM. Cross-sectional study to determine viral hepatitis knowledge in different urban populations in Brazil. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:867-876. [PMID: 30533187 PMCID: PMC6280162 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i11.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate viral hepatitis knowledge among individuals from different resource areas and health conditions to identify possible gaps.
METHODS A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out among 447 individuals from five distinct populations in Brazil: Southeast Viral Hepatitis Ambulatory (n = 100), South (n = 89) and Northeast (n = 114) Health Center, Southeast (n = 77) and Northeast (n = 67) low resource areas. All individuals answered a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics and viral hepatitis awareness. The perception was scored based on the average number of correct answers of all participants and categorized as “low” (0-28 correct answers) or “desirable” (29-46 correct answers). Associations between sociodemographic characteristics and perception were also evaluated.
RESULTS A low level of knowledge was observed in individuals from Northeast Health Center, Northeast and Southeast low resource areas while desirable knowledge was observed in individuals from Viral Hepatitis Ambulatory and South Health Center. According to sociodemographic characteristics, desirable scores were more common among those with secondary education (47.1%), those who declared themselves as white (46.3%), and those who lived in houses with three individuals (25.5%). Multivariate analysis showed an association between viral hepatitis perception and type of population.
CONCLUSION The results demonstrated high level of knowledge among study participants from health clinics from the Southeast region of Brazil and the importance of education programs in increasing the level of knowledge in low resource areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Medina Cruz
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60020181, Brazil
| | - Jeová Keny Baima Colares
- Postgraduate Program in Pathology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60020181, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, University of Fortaleza, Ceará 60430160, Brazil
| | | | - Maria de Fátima Leal Alencar
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Teaching and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - Francisco Inácio Bastos
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information and Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil
| | - Jurema Corrêa da Mota
- Institute of Communication and Scientific Information and Technology for Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil
| | - Filipe Aníbal Carvalho-Costa
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil
| | | | - Lia Laura Lewis-Ximenez
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040360, Brazil
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Ferraz Ignacio C, Martins de Oliveira Espíndola C, De Fátima Leal Alencar M, Da Costa Lima M, Claudio Muniz L, Carvalho de Vasconcellos M, Helena Féres Saad M, Macedo de Lima Barata M, Henrique Almeida de Moraes Neto A. INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS IN A LOWINCOME URBAN COMMUNITY: PREVALENCE AND KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF INHABITANTS OF PARQUE OSWALDO CRUZ, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL. Rev Patol Trop 2017. [DOI: 10.5216/rpt.v46i1.46293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Xavier AML, Tavares D, Guimarães EV, Sarro-Silva MDF, Silva AC, de Moraes Neto AHA. Ultrastructural alterations in adult Schistosoma mansoni, harbored in non-antihelminthic treated and low-inflammatory mice by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Acta Trop 2014; 130:51-7. [PMID: 24161877 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This original study suggests that alterations observed on tegumental structure and egg quality of adult Schistosoma mansoni harvested from TS mice are due to their high immune tolerogenic and low-inflammatory capacity. The tegument of worms harvested from genetically selected mice for extreme phenotypes of immune oral tolerance, resistance (TR) and susceptibility (TS) were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Parasites recovered from TR mice showed no tegumental morphological changes. However, specimens collected from TS mice exhibited tubercle swelling with blunted and shortened spines in lower density. These tegumental alterations were similar to those described with artemether or praziquantel treatment, but without to affecting the worm surveillance, supporting observations that the host immune system influences the development and function of the tegument of worms harbored in non-antihelminthic treated TS mice. TS mice showed a higher percentage of dead eggs and a lower percentage of immature eggs than TR mice, but had similar quantities of collected eggs. This suggests that in TS mice the alterations in adult worm tegument prevented egg development, but not egg production or worm survival. These results corroborate our previous scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study indicating the influence of the host immune regulatory profile on the development and function of the worm's reproductive system and tegument.
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Xavier AML, Magalhães JAS, Cunha GDSP, Silva AC, Tavares DAG, Sarro-Silva MDF, Neto AHADM. Morphological tegument alterations of adult Schistosoma mansoni, harbored in non anti-helminthic treated, high-immune-tolerogenic and low-inflammatory mice. Acta Trop 2010; 116:95-9. [PMID: 20542008 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 05/31/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study exhibits original results of S. mansoni tegumental alterations due to contact with the immune system of non anti-helminthic treated mice. We compared, by SEM, the tegument of adult worms recovered from strains of mice genetically selected to extreme phenotypes of resistance (TR strain) and susceptibility (TS strain) to egg-albumin oral tolerance (OT). The parasites recovered from TR mice displayed no morphologic alteration, while specimens collected from TS mice presented tubercle swelling with blunted and shortened spines in lower density, increased sensory organelle numbers, fusion and tegumental ridge peeling. These tegument alterations were similar to those described for Artemether or Praziquantel treatment, supporting observations that the host immune system influences the development and function of the tegument of worms harbored in both anti-helminthic treated and non-treated mice. Our results are indicative that the development and function of the worm tegument depend on the immune regulatory capacity of each individual host.
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Ederli NB, Bonadiman SF, de Moraes Neto AHA, DaMatta RA, Santos CDP. Mixed infection by Libyostrongylus douglassii and L. dentatus (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in Struthio camelus (Ratites: Struthioniformes) from Brazil with further morphological characterization of adults. Vet Parasitol 2008; 151:227-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 11/04/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bonadiman SF, Ederli NB, Soares AKP, de Moraes Neto AHA, Santos CDP, DaMatta RA. Occurrence of Libyostrongylus sp. (Nematoda) in ostriches (Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758) from the north region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2006; 137:175-9. [PMID: 16448757 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Revised: 12/13/2005] [Accepted: 12/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Domestic production of ostrich in Brazil started in the beginning of the last decade, but its sanitary state has not been reported. Libyostrongylus sp. is an ostrich specific nematode whose parasitism can severely affect the birds. Thus, Libyostrongylus spp. larvae were identified in commercial ostriches in the north region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The EPG was determined and fecal cultivation was performed. The eggs presented typical characteristics of strongylid and were present in five out of six farms. The mean EPG varied from 22 to 2395 and Libyostrongylus spp. prevalence was from 0 to 100%, with adult birds more infected. Two types of infective larvae with tail finishing in a tipped spiny knob were distinguished. The first had a mean length of 848 microm (710-1010) with a long sheath tail of about 66 microm (52-112). The other had a mean length of 826 microm (620-940) with a short, more abruptly ending sheath tail of 32 microm (22-40) and a less rounded cephalic end. The differences between these larvae suggest two Libyostrongylus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Fernandes Bonadiman
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, 28013-600 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
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