1
|
APOE Allele Frequency in Southern Greece: Exploring the Role of Geographical Gradient in the Greek Population. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 8:geriatrics8010001. [PMID: 36648906 PMCID: PMC9844375 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics8010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the apolipoprotein e4 allele (APOE4) constitutes an established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease Dementia (ADD). We aimed to explore the frequency of the APOE isoforms in the Greek population of Southern Greece. METHODS peripheral blood from 175 Greek AD patients, 113 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 75 healthy individuals. DNA isolation was performed with a High Pure PCR Template Kit (Roche), followed by amplification with a real-time qPCR kit (TIB MolBiol) in Roche's Light Cycler PCR platform. RESULTS APOE4 allele frequency was 20.57% in the ADD group, 17.69% in the MCI group, and 6.67% in the control group. APOE3/3 homozygosity was the most common genotype, while the frequency of APOE4/4 homozygosity was higher in the AD group (8.60%). APOE4 carrier status was associated with higher odds for ADD and MCI (OR: 4.49, 95% CI: [1.90-10.61] and OR: 3.82, 95% CI: [1.59-9.17], respectively). CONCLUSION this study examines the APOE isoforms and is the first to report a higher APOE frequency in MCI compared with healthy controls in southern Greece. Importantly, we report the occurrence of the APOE4 allele, related to ADD, as amongst the lowest globally reported, even within the nation, thus enhancing the theory of ethnicity and latitude contribution.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang C, Yan W, Wang H, Zhu J, Chen H. APOE polymorphism is associated with blood lipid and serum uric acid metabolism in hypertension or coronary heart disease in a Chinese population. Pharmacogenomics 2019; 20:1021-1031. [PMID: 31559922 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the association of APOE polymorphism (rs7412:526C>T and rs429358:388T>C) with glucose, lipid and serum uric acid (UA) metabolism in patients with hypertension or coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: A total of 544 patients with hypertension or CHD were selected for this study from March 2017 to January 2018. According to the APOE genotypes (excluding the E2/E4 genotype), the subjects were divided into three groups (E2/E2+E2/E3 genotypes, E3/E3 genotype [the wild-type] and E3/E4+E4/E4 genotypes) and the difference of metabolism among the three groups was compared. Results: There were significant differences in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein and serum UA levels among the three groups. Compared with APOE E3 homozygote, APOE E4 carriers possessed higher TC, triglycerides and LDL levels, whereas APOE E2 carriers had higher high-density lipoprotein level, lower TC and LDL levels. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression analysis found that setting E3/E3 genotype as the reference group, the carriers of APOE E4 allele (E3/E4+E4/E4 genotypes) were significantly related to hypertriglyceridemia, and APOE E2 allele (E2/E2+E2/E3 genotypes) was significantly correlated with hyperuricemia. Conclusion: APOE polymorphism was associated with blood lipid and serum UA metabolism in patients with hypertension or CHD. Compared with APOE E3 homozygote, APOE E4 allele was related to elevated triglycerides, and APOE E2 allele was correlated with increased serum UA level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Canwang Wang
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Wanli Yan
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 East Street, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China
| | - Huan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 East Street, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China
| | - Jingkang Zhu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, 134 East Street, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhong Z, Wu H, Wu H, Zhao P. Analysis of apolipoprotein E genetic polymorphism in a large ethnic Hakka population in southern China. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:742-749. [PMID: 30508003 PMCID: PMC6415608 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is currently no data about the genetic variations of APOE in Hakka population in China. The aim of this study was to analyze the allelic and genotypic frequencies of APOE gene polymorphisms in a large ethnic Hakka population in southern China. The APOE genes of 6,907 subjects were genotyped by the gene chip platform. The allele and genotype frequencies were analyzed. Results showed that the ∊3 allele had the greatest frequency (0.804) followed by ∊2 (0.102), and ∊4 (0.094), while genotype ∊3/∊3 accounted for 65.43% followed by ∊2/∊3 (15.85%), ∊3/∊4 (14.13%), ∊2/∊4 (3.01%), ∊4/∊4 (0.84%), and ∊2/∊2 (0.74%) in all subjects. The frequencies of the ∊4 allele in Chinese populations were lower than Mongolian and Javanese, while the frequencies of the ∊2 allele were higher and ∊4 allele lower than Japanese, Koreans, and Iranian compared with the geographically neighboring countries. The frequencies of ∊2 and ∊4 alleles in Hakka population were similar to the Vietnamese, Chinese-Shanghai, Chinese-Kunming Han and Chinese-Northeast, and French. The frequency of ∊2 in Hakka population was higher than Chinese-Dehong Dai and Chinese-Jinangsu Han. The low frequency of the APOE ∊4 allele may suggest a low genetic risk of Hakka population for cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Zhong
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, P.R. China
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, P.R. China
| | - Heming Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, P.R. China
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, P.R. China
| | - Hesen Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, P.R. China
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, P.R. China
| | - Pingsen Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, P.R. China
- Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Teijido Ó, Carril JC, Cacabelos R. Population-based Study of Risk Polymorphisms Associated with Vascular Disorders and Dementia. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:430-441. [PMID: 29081698 PMCID: PMC5635648 DOI: 10.2174/1389202918666170608093833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders are among the major causes of mortality in the developed countries. Population studies evaluate the genetic risk, i.e. the probability of an individual carrying a specific disease-associated polymorphism. Identification of risk polymorphisms is essential for an accurate diagnosis or prognosis of a number of pathologies. Aims: The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of risk polymorphisms associated with lipid metabolism, hypertension, thrombosis, and dementia, in a large population of Spanish individuals affected by a variety of brain and vascular disorders as well as metabolic syndrome. Material & Method: We performed a cross-sectional study on 4415 individuals from a widespread regional distribution in Spain (48.15% males and 51.85% females), with mental, neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular, and metabolic disorders. We evaluated polymorphisms in 20 genes involved in obesity, vascular and cardiovascular risk, and dementia in our population and compared it with representative Spanish and European populations. Risk polymorphisms in ACE, AGT(235), IL6(573), PSEN1, and APOE (specially the APOE-ε4 allele) are representative of our population as compared to the reference data of Spanish and European individuals. Conclusion: The significantly higher distribution of risk polymorphisms in PSEN1 and APOE-ε4 is characteristic of a representative number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease; whereas polymorphisms in ACE, AGT(235), and IL6(573), are most probably related with the high number of patients with metabolic syndrome or cerebrovascular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Teijido
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165-Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.,Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, 28692-Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Carril
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165-Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.,Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, 28692-Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science and Genomic Medicine, 15165-Bergondo, Corunna, Spain.,Genomic Medicine, Camilo José Cela University, 28692-Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adler G, Adler MA, Urbańska A, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Kiseljakovic E, Valjevac A, Parczewski M, Hadzovic-Dzuvo A. Bosnian study of APOE distribution (BOSAD): a comparison with other European populations. Ann Hum Biol 2017; 44:568-573. [PMID: 28705029 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2017.1346708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ε2, ε3 and ε4 alleles of APOE gene have been associated with several diseases in different populations. Data on the frequency of alleles are used in both a clinical and evolutionary context. Although the data on frequency of these alleles are numerous, there are no reports for the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. AIM To estimate the frequency of APOE alleles in a healthy Bosnian population and compare it to data for other European populations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Overall, 170 unrelated Bosnian subjects (108 female and 62 male), aged 53.0 (±5.0) years were included in this study. Genotypes were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS In our group the prevalence of heterozygotes E2/E3, E2/E4 and E3/E4 was 20.6%, 3.5% and 12.9%, respectively, while the prevalence of homozygotes E2/E2, E3/E3, E4/E4 was 0.6%, 61.2% and 1.2%, respectively, with a mean frequency of ε2, ε3 and ε4 alleles of 12.6%, 78.0% and 9.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In studied European populations we observed a linear, gradually increasing trend in the frequency of ε4 allele from South to North (Pearson's test 0,7656, p value <0.00001), and the Bosnian population fits into this pattern perfectly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Adler
- a Department of Gerontobiology , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | | | - Anna Urbańska
- c Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | | | - Emina Kiseljakovic
- d Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Amina Valjevac
- e Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miłosz Parczewski
- c Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Almira Hadzovic-Dzuvo
- e Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Sarajevo , Sarajevo , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsolaki M, Fountoulakis C, Pavlopoulos I, Chatzi E, Kazis A. Prevalence and incidence of Alzheimers disease and other dementing disorders in Pylea, Greece. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/153331759901400308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence and incidence of dementing disorders in the city of Pylea, Greece, using a door-to-door three-phase approach, and explored the relationship between age and gender. From the initial cohort of 704-subjects, 112-subjects (15.9 percent) were excluded because they had moved out of town or could not be traced, 102-subjects (14.4 percent) died before the time of actual contact, and 110-subjects (15.6 percent) refused to be contacted. We were able to visit and examine 380-subjects (54 percent); each of them were administered the MMSE by one of three nurses and the CAMCOG by one of three physicians. We selected January 1, 1993, as the study prevalence day. Using specified diagnostic criteria, NINCDS-ADRDA and DSMIIIR, the study neurologists extensively investigated 118 from 380-subjects, who screened positive on MMSE (MMSE < 23) and CAMCOG (< 65). We found 35-subjects affected by dementia, 20 had Alzheimer's disease (AD), 11 had vascular or mixed dementia and four had secondary dementia (one Parkinson's disease, one Vitamin B12 deficiency, and two had Tumors). The estimated annual incidence rate for all forms of dementia, after correction for ageing of the samples was 57/1,000 persons aged > 70, made up of dementia of Alzheimer type (39.9/1,000), vascular dementia (13.9/1,000) and other forms (3.5/1,000). The prevalence of both dementia and AD increased steeply with advancing age and was consistently higher in women. The incidence of dementia increases with age, even in the oldest age groups and women have a higher risk of developing dementia than men. AD was the most common type of dementia. Our prevalence and incidence figures for dementia and AD are almost similar to those previously reported in Europe, the United States and Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A. Kazis
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Boulenouar H, Mediene Benchekor S, Meroufel DN, Lardjam Hetraf SA, Ouhaibi Djellouli H, Hermant X, Grenier-Boley B, Hamani Medjaoui I, Saidi Mehtar N, Amouyel P, Houti L, Meirhaeghe A, Goumidi L. Impact of APOE gene polymorphisms on the lipid profile in an Algerian population. Lipids Health Dis 2013; 12:155. [PMID: 24160669 PMCID: PMC4231468 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-12-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of apolipoprotein E (APOE) in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism is well established. However, the impact of APOE polymorphisms has never been investigated in an Algerian population. This study assessed, for the fist time, the relationships between three APOE polymorphisms (epsilon, rs439401, rs4420638) and plasma lipid concentrations in a general population sample from Algeria. Methods The association analysis was performed in the ISOR study, a representative sample of the population living in Oran (787 subjects aged between 30 and 64). Polymorphisms were considered both individually and as haplotypes. Results In the ISOR sample, APOE ϵ4 allele carriers had higher plasma triglyceride (p=0.0002), total cholesterol (p=0.009) and LDL-cholesterol (p=0.003) levels than ϵ3 allele carriers. No significant associations were detected for the rs4420638 and rs439401 SNPs. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analyses confirmed the respectively deleterious and protective impacts of the ϵ4 and ϵ2 alleles on LDL-cholesterol levels and showed that the G allele of the rs4420638 polymorphism may exert a protective effect on LDL-cholesterol levels in subjects bearing the APOE epsilon 4 allele. Conclusion Our results showed that (i) the APOE epsilon polymorphism has the expected impact on the plasma lipid profile and (ii) the rs4420638 G allele may counterbalance the deleterious effect of the ϵ4 allele on LDL-cholesterol levels in an Algerian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Louisa Goumidi
- INSERM, U744; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Monastiriotis C, Papanas N, Trypsianis G, Karanikola K, Veletza S, Maltezos E. The ε4 allele of the APOE gene is associated with more severe peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients. Angiology 2012; 64:451-5. [PMID: 22826377 DOI: 10.1177/0003319712453645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examined the association between the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene and severity of peripheral neuropathy in 234 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Based on the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS), patients were divided into group A (NDS ≤ 6: mild or no neuropathy) and group B (NDS > 6: severe neuropathy). In each group, patients were further divided into ε4 carriers and non-ε4 carriers. In multivariate analysis, a more than 5-fold increased risk of severe neuropathy was associated with ε4 carrier status (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.24-12.31, P = .0001). The other significant risk factors for severe neuropathy included male gender (aOR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.05-4.14, P = .036), diabetes duration (aOR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.09, P = .039), and hemoglobin A1c (aOR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05-1.66, P = .020). In conclusion, the ε4 carrier status appears to be associated with severe peripheral neuropathy in T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Monastiriotis
- Outpatient Clinic of the Diabetic Foot, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Apolipoprotein E Genotypes in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2010; 19:561-5. [DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0b013e3181ca76c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Singh PP, Singh M, Mastana SS. APOE distribution in world populations with new data from India and the UK. Ann Hum Biol 2009; 33:279-308. [PMID: 17092867 DOI: 10.1080/03014460600594513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The APOE gene and its protein product is associated with a number of plasma proteins like very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, and plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism. The APOE gene is polymorphic and common alleles (*E2, *E3 and *E4) have been associated with a number of common and complex diseases in different populations. Due to their crucial role in metabolism and clinical significance, it is imperative that allelic variation in different populations is analysed to evaluate the usage of APOE in an evolutionary and clinical context. AIM We report allelic variation at the APOE locus in three European and four Indian populations and evaluate global patterns of genetic variation at this locus. The large, intricate and unexpected heterogeneity of this locus in its global perspective may have insightful consequences, which we have explored in this paper. SUBJECT AND METHODS Apolipoprotein E genotypes were determined in four population groups (Punjabi Sikhs, Punjabi Hindus, Maria Gonds and Koch, total individuals = 497) of India and three regionally sub-divided British populations (Nottinghamshire, East Midlands and West Midlands, total individuals = 621). The extent and distribution of APOE allele frequencies were compared with 292 populations of the world using a variety of multivariate methods. RESULTS Three alleles, APOE*E2, APOE*E3 and APOE*E4, were observed with contrasting variation, although *E4 was absent in the tribal population of Koch. Higher heterozygosities (>43%) in British populations reflected their greater genetic diversity at this locus. The overall pattern of allelic diversity among these populations is comparable to many European and Indian populations. At a global level, higher frequencies of the *E2 allele were observed in Africa and Oceania (0.099 +/- 0.083 and 0.111 +/- 0.052, respectively). Similarly, *E4 allele averages were higher in Oceania (0.221 +/- 0.149) and Africa (0.209 +/- 0.090), while Indian and Asian populations showed the highest frequencies of *E3 allele. The coefficient of gene differentiation was found to be highest in South America (9.6%), although the highest genetic diversity was observed in Oceania (48.7%) and Africa (46.3%). APOE*E2 revealed a statistically significant decreasing cline towards the north in Asia (r = -0.407, d.f. = 70, p < 0.05), which is not compatible with the coronary heart disease statistics in this continent. APOE*E4 showed a significant increasing cline in North European populations. Spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the variation at this locus is influenced by 'isolation by distance' with a strong positive correlation for lower distances up to 1313 km. CONCLUSION Overall APOE allelic variation in UK and Indian populations is comparable to previous studies but in tribal populations *E4 allele frequency was very low or absent. At a global level allelic variation shows that geography, isolation by distance, genetic drift and possibly pre-historical selection are responsible for shaping the spectrum of genetic variation at the APOE gene. Overall, APOE is a good anthropogenetic and clinical diagnostic marker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P P Singh
- Department of Human Biology, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tasdemir N, Tamam Y, Toprak R, Tamam B, Tasdemir MS. Association of Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Cerebrovascular Disease Risk Factors in a Turkish Population. Int J Neurosci 2009; 118:1109-29. [DOI: 10.1080/00207450701769190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Karpouzis A, Caridha R, Tripsianis G, Michailidis C, Martinis G, Veletza SV. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism in psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res 2009; 301:405-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-009-0968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
13
|
Tamam Y, Tasdemir N, Toprak R, Tamam B, Iltumur K. Apolipoprotein E genotype in patients with cerebrovascular diseases and its effect on the disease outcome. Int J Neurosci 2009; 119:919-35. [PMID: 19466630 DOI: 10.1080/00207450802686350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A total of 100 hospitalized stroke patients and 30 healthy controls were included in a study aiming to determine the predictive role of ApoE genotype polymorphism for stroke outcome in the Turkish population. The most frequent ApoE genotype was epsilon3/3 reflecting Asian population polymorphic distribution. ApoE polymorphism in the Eastern Turkish population was found to be independent of stroke type, OSCP subtypes of infarction, localization of hemorrhage, severity of carotid artery stenosis, and resultant stroke outcome. Distinct polymorphic results in populations from nearby regions suggest a multifactorial pathogenesis and presence of very complex genetic factors in the development of stroke and stroke outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Tamam
- Department of Neurology, Medical School Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cetinkalp S, Karadeniz M, Erdogan M, Zengi A, Cetintas V, Tetik A, Eroglu Z, Kosova B, Ozgen AG, Saygili F, Yilmaz C. Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome patients in Western Anatolia, Turkey. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008; 26:1-6. [PMID: 19057990 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-008-9280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 11/13/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease and hypertension are more frequently seen in patients with PCOS than in normal patients. We aimed at evaluating the distribution of Apo E alleles that can influence cardiovascular risk of the PCOS patients and control subjects. METHODS In this study, 129 young women with PCOS and 91 healthy women were included. In all subjects we performed hormonal, biochemical and Apo E genetic analysis. RESULTS The Apo E3 allele was found at a significantly higher frequency in the PCOS patient group compared with the control group. The Apo E2 allele was found at a significantly higher frequency in the control group compared with the patient group with PCOS. CONCLUSIONS Although there were genotype and allele differences between control and patient groups in this study, no statistically significant change was determined in lipid and other cardiovascular risk factors in connection with allele and genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevki Cetinkalp
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disease, Division of Internal Medicine, Ege University Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gurvit H, Emre M, Tinaz S, Bilgic B, Hanagasi H, Sahin H, Gurol E, Kvaloy JT, Harmanci H. The prevalence of dementia in an urban Turkish population. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2008; 23:67-76. [PMID: 18276959 PMCID: PMC10846186 DOI: 10.1177/1533317507310570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
A cross-sectional, population-based, 2-stage prevalence study was conducted in a sample of 1019 community-dwelling persons over the age of 70 years living in Istanbul. In the first phase, participants were screened with the Mini-Mental State Examination for evidence of cognitive impairment. In the second phase, 79% of those who screened positive (n = 322) and 9% of screen-negatives (n = 63) underwent a standardized diagnostic workup. Diagnosis of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) was made according to established criteria. Ninety-three cases of dementia were identified, 58 of whom were diagnosed with probable AD. Based on these numbers, the prevalence rates of probable AD and dementia were calculated to be 11.0% (95% CI, 7.0% to 15.0%) and 20.0% (95% CI, 14.0% to 26.0%), respectively, in this population. Prevalence rates of dementia and AD in Istanbul, Turkey, are comparable with those seen in the Western world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Gurvit
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Koutsis G, Panas M, Karadima G, Mandellos D, Sfagos C, Potagas C, Vassilopoulos D. APOE genotypes in Greek multiple sclerosis patients: no effect on the MS Severity Score. J Neurol 2007; 254:394-5. [PMID: 17345041 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-006-0375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2006] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
Stakias N, Liakos P, Tsiapali E, Goutou M, Koukoulis GN. Lower prevalence of epsilon 4 allele of apolipoprotein E gene in healthy, longer-lived individuals of Hellenic origin. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2007; 61:1228-31. [PMID: 17234815 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/61.12.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and especially its epsilon4 isoform, is considered a risk factor predisposing to coronary heart disease. We hypothesized that the absence of epsilon4 allele offers a better chance for longer life. So we compared the prevalence of ApoE genotypes in 80 healthy aged individuals (HAI) (>80 years) and 391 Greek adults (median age 43 years) with ApoE genotype distribution consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (chi(2) = 5.93, p >.05). ApoE genotypes were comparable in both groups with the exception of E3/3 and E3/4, which were significantly higher (87.50% vs 75.99%, p =.025) and lower (5.00% vs 13.19%, p =.036), respectively, in HAI. The epsilon2 and epsilon3 allele frequencies were not different between the groups. The epsilon4 allele was significantly less frequent in HAI compared to controls (3.1% vs 8.58%, p =.020). Our results indicate an unfavorable effect of epsilon4 allele on longevity that may be attenuated by environmental and/or other genetic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Stakias
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Larissa, Greece
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aybek H, Ercan F, Aslan D, Sahiner T. Determination of malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione levels and APOE4 allele frequency in late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Denizli, Turkey. Clin Biochem 2007; 40:172-6. [PMID: 17069783 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to determine the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 allele frequency of patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to determine the effects of oxidant-antioxidant balance on AD. DESIGN AND METHODS PCR-RFLP was undertaken in 62 cases with AD and 56 aged-matched controls. Activities of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured in same groups. RESULTS Patients with at least one E4 allele genotype were significantly different in patients with AD (21%) than controls (9%) (p=0.01). Serum MDA levels were significantly different between AD patients and Control group (p=0.0001). There was no significant difference in serum GSH levels between AD patients and C groups. CONCLUSION These results confirmed that the APOE4 allele occurs frequently in late onset AD compared with normal controls. Also elevated MDA levels are likely an essential factor in the pathogenesis and neuronal damage of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Aybek
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School of Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yilmaz A, Tamer L, Ateş NA, Camdeviren H, Değirmenci U. Effects of apolipoprotein E genotypes on the development of exfoliation syndrome. Exp Eye Res 2005; 80:871-5. [PMID: 15939044 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2004.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2004] [Revised: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 12/31/2004] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apo E) is directly involved in the amyloid deposition and fibril formation and is present in many cerebral and systemic amyloidoses immunologically. It is encoded by a polymorphic gene and it has three common alleles-epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4. Exfoliation syndrome (XFS) is characterized by the deposition throughout the body of focal fibrillogranular aggregates in which there have been some reports of amyloid or amyloid-like features. We evaluated the possible association between apo E polymorphism and the occurrence of XFS. Using High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kits, genomic DNAs were extracted from whole blood and apo E polymorphisms were determined by using Lightcycler-Apo E Mutation Detection Kits in 76 patients with XFS and 74 controls. The E2/E2, E2/E3 and E2/E4 genotypes (OR 29.9, 95% CI 3.1-293.7; OR 56.1, 95% CI 12.5-252.7; OR 43.9, 95% CI 7.4-257.6, respectively) and the in2 allele are found to have an increased risk of developing XFS (p=0.0001); whereas the in3 allele was found to be protective (p=0.0001). Apo E polymorphism and the presence of in2 allele are seem to be significantly associated with the development of XFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayça Yilmaz
- Ophthalmology Department, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, 33079 Mersin, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Al-Yahyaee SAS, Al-Kindi MN, Al-Bahrani AH. Distribution of apolipoprotein E alleles in the Omani population. Med Princ Pract 2005; 14:73-8. [PMID: 15785096 DOI: 10.1159/000083914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2003] [Accepted: 03/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the apolipoprotein E (apo E) allele distribution in the Omani population and to compare them with those of other populations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS One hundred and sixty-two healthy Omanis of Arab Bedouin origin were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS The apo E allele frequencies were: epsilon2, 0.052; epsilon3, 0.886; epsilon4, 0.062. This pattern of distribution, characterized by the lowest epsilon4 and among the highest epsilon3 allele frequencies in the world, was very similar to that of Arabs, Southern Europeans of the Mediterranean basin, Indians, and Japanese populations. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the allelic distribution of apo E in healthy Omanis is characterized by low Apo epsilon4 and high epsilon3 allele frequencies similar to those of other Arab, Southern European, Japanese and Indian populations. The homogeneous distribution of apo E alleles in this group of populations might have been influenced by diet and/or genetic admixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Said Ali S Al-Yahyaee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Sultanate of Oman.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kolovou GD, Daskalova DC, Hatzivassiliou M, Yiannakouris N, Pilatis ND, Elisaf M, Mikhailidis DP, Cariolou MA, Cokkinos DV. The epsilon 2 and 4 alleles of apolipoprotein E and ischemic vascular events in the Greek population--implications for the interpretation of similar studies. Angiology 2003; 54:51-8. [PMID: 12593496 DOI: 10.1177/000331970305400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors investigated whether apolipoprotein (apo) E polymorphism has an allelic and/or genotypic impact on the risk of an ischemic vascular event (IVE) in Greek patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). They compared apo E polymorphisms in 1) a group of 165 patients with IVE [IVE(+)], of whom 107 had survived a myocardial infarction and 58 an ischemic stroke; 2) a group of 165 patients, matched with the first group for age and gender, with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease but without IVE [IVE(-)]; 3) a group of 240 healthy younger individuals with no family history of CVD. The apo epsilon2 allele was 5.2-fold less frequent in the IVE(+) group compared to the IVE(-) group (1.2% vs 6.2%, p = 0.001). The frequency of the epsilon2 allele in healthy subjects was 8.1%, which is 6.7-fold higher than in the IVE(+) group (p < 0.001), and more than twice as high compared to all CVD patients (p = 0.001). No significant differences in epsilon4 allele frequencies were observed between IVE(+) and IVE(-) patients (9.8% vs 8.4%) or between patients with CVD and healthy subjects (9.1% vs 10.2%). The epsilon4 allele was not associated with an increased risk for CVD or IVE. In contrast, an inverse and beneficial association of the epsilon2 allele with IVE was observed among Greek patients with CVD. These results suggest that the epsilon4 and epsilon2 alleles have a variable significance in terms of predicting the risk of vascular events in different populations. Therefore, it is important to carry out "local" studies.
Collapse
|
22
|
Barbagallo CM, Polizzi F, Severino M, Rizzo M, Vivona N, Onorato F, Caldarella R, Cefalù AB, Noto D, Notarbartolo A, Averna MR. ApoE polymorphism in a small Mediterranean island: relationships with plasma lipids, lipoproteins and LDL particle size. Eur J Epidemiol 2002; 17:707-13. [PMID: 12086087 DOI: 10.1023/a:1015618216828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms of apoE gene are able to modulate lipoprotein metabolism at different steps and to influence LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and also other lipoproteins features. Population studies documented large differences in the frequency of apoE alleles which could be even related to the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. In this study we evaluated the apoE genotypes and allele frequency in 576 subjects living in a small island in the Tyrrhenian Sea and the relative contribution of apoE polymorphism on plasma lipid and lipoprotein profile, including LDL particle size. We found a cumulative frequency of 0.073, 0.866 and 0.061 for epsilon2, epsilon3 and epsilon4 alleles respectively. Moreover epsilon3 subjects had only triglyceride levels significantly lower and LDL-C and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) levels higher than epsilon2 carriers. LDL-particle size was significant smaller in epsilon2 subjects than both epsilon3 and epsilon4 carriers, but the difference disappeared when data were adjusted for triglycerides. In conclusion we have provided further evidence of a low prevalence of epsilon4 allele in a Mediterranean population which may represent a genetic protective factor of these populations. Environmental factors, such as diet, occurring in this area may have attenuated the influence of this gene on plasma lipoproteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Barbagallo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zetterberg H, Palmér M, Ricksten A, Poirier J, Palmqvist L, Rymo L, Zafiropoulos A, Arvanitis DA, Spandidos DA, Blennow K. Influence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele on human embryonic development. Neurosci Lett 2002; 324:189-92. [PMID: 12009520 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Human apolipoprotein E (apoE) exists in three major isoforms encoded by distinct alleles (APOE epsilon2, epsilon3 and epsilon4) and has important functions in nerve development and repair. Inheritance of the 4 allele is a major risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease. To investigate the role of APOE polymorphisms in embryonic development, we analyzed the APOE genotypes of 81 spontaneously aborted embryos and 110 adult controls using a solid-phase minisequencing technique. The epsilon4 allele was significantly less frequent in the spontaneous abortion group than in the control group (P=0.009), while the frequency of epsilon3 was significantly increased (P=0.005), suggesting that epsilon4 may have protective effects during embryogenesis. These protective effects might counterbalance the deleterious age-related effects of the epsilon4 allele in natural selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg University, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kolovou G, Yiannakouris N, Hatzivassiliou M, Malakos J, Daskalova D, Hatzigeorgiou G, Cariolou MA, Cokkinos DV. Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphism with myocardial infarction in Greek patients with coronary artery disease. Curr Med Res Opin 2002; 18:118-24. [PMID: 12094820 DOI: 10.1185/030079902125000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies in several populations have indicated that genetic variation at the apolipoprotein E (apoE) structural locus influences the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed at investigating whether apoE polymorphism has an allelic and/or genotypic impact on the risk of MI in Greek patients with CAD. We compared apoE gene polymorphism in a group of patients with angiographically confirmed CAD but not MI [CAD/MI (-)-group, n = 143] and a group of age and sex-matched CAD patients who had experienced a non-fatal Ml [CAD/MI (+)-group, n = 124]. The patients were also compared with a group of healthy younger individuals (n = 240) with no family history of CAD. The apoE genotype distribution differed significantly between the two groups of CAD patients (p = 0.02). The epsilon2 allele was 5.3-fold less frequent in the CAD/ MI (+)-group compared with the CAD/MI (-)-group (1.2% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.01). The frequency of the epsilon2 allele in healthy subjects was 8.1%, which is 6.8-fold higher than in CAD/MI (+)-patients (p = 0.001) and twice as high compared with all CAD patients (p = 0.02). No differences in epsilon4 allele frequencies were observed between CAD/MI (+)- and CAD/MI (-)-patients (10.9% vs. 9.8%), or between patients with CAD and healthy subjects (10.3% vs. 10.2%). In summary, the epsilon4 allele was not found to be associated with an increased risk for CAD or MI. In contrast, a negative association of the epsilon2 allele with Ml was observed among Greek patients with CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genovefa Kolovou
- Cardiology Department, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Attila G, Acartürk E, Eskandari G, Akpinar O, Tuli A, KanadaşI M, Kayrin L. Effects of apolipoprotein E genotypes and other risk factors on the development of coronary artery disease in Southern Turkey. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 312:191-6. [PMID: 11580926 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00624-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a major role in lipoprotein metabolism and lipid transport. Associations between apoE genotypes, coronary artery disease (CAD) and other risk factors have been described by many investigators. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of apoE gene polymorphism and other risk factors in the development of CAD in subjects whose coronary arteries were evaluated by means of coronary angiography. METHODS The study population consisted of 199 subjects (114 male and 55 female). Of the total, 107 had CAD. The apoE gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then digested by CfoI restriction enzyme. The plasma lipid levels and other risk factors were also determined in all subjects. RESULTS The epsilon2 and epsilon4 allele frequencies and genotypes carrying epsilon4 allele were significantly higher in CAD (+) patients. Plasma lipids except triglycerides were increased in CAD (+) cases. We found that apoE genotypes, HT, DM, male gender, age and smoking were the independent predictors of CAD. There was no association between apoE alleles and lipids. CONCLUSION We conclude that apoE polymorphism (presence of epsilon4 allele) is associated with the development of CAD in Southern Turkey. In our study, we did not observe any effect of apoE alleles on lipid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Attila
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cukurova University, 01330, Balcali, Adana, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Campos H, D'Agostino M, Ordovás JM. Gene-diet interactions and plasma lipoproteins: role of apolipoprotein E and habitual saturated fat intake. Genet Epidemiol 2001; 20:117-128. [PMID: 11119301 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2272(200101)20:1<117::aid-gepi10>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To test whether plasma lipoprotein levels and low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size are modulated by an interaction between habitual saturated fat intake and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, we studied 420 randomly selected free-living Costa Ricans. The APOE allele frequencies were 0.03 for APOE2, 0.91 for APOE3, and 0.06 for APOE4. The median saturated fat intake, 11% of energy, was used to divide the population into two groups, LOW-SAT (mean intake 8.6% energy) represents those below median intake, and HIGH-SAT (mean intake 13.5%) represents those above median intake. Significant interactions between APOE genotype and diet were found for VLDL (P = 0.03) and HDL cholesterol (P = 0.02). Higher saturated fat intake was associated with higher VLDL cholesterol (+29%) and lower HDL cholesterol (-22%) in APOE2 carriers, while the opposite association was observed in APOE4 carriers (-31% for VLDL cholesterol and +10% for HDL cholesterol). Higher saturated fat intake was associated with smaller LDL particles (-2%, P < 0.05) in APOE2 carriers, and larger LDL particles (+2%, P < 0.05) in APOE4 carriers, but the gene-diet interaction was not statistically significant (P = 0.09). Higher saturated fat intake was associated with higher LDL cholesterol in all genotypes (mean +/- SEM, LOW-SAT 2.61 +/- 0.05 vs. HIGH-SAT 2.84 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, P = 0.009). These data suggest that the APOE2 allele could modulate the effect of habitual saturated fat on VLDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in a population with an average habitual total fat intake of less than 30%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Campos
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Apolipoprotein E 4 Allele as a Genetic Risk Factor for Left Ventricular Failure in Homozygous β-Thalassemia. Blood 1998. [DOI: 10.1182/blood.v92.9.3455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn homozygous β-thalassemia, the organ damage is mainly attributed to excessive iron deposition through the formation of oxygen free radicals. Despite appropriate transfusion and chelation therapy and low ferritin levels, patients still develop organ failure, heart failure being the main cause of death. This study was designed to determine whether the decreased antioxidant activity of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 allele could represent a genetic risk factor for the development of left ventricular failure (LVF) in β-thalassemia homozygotes. A total of 251 Greek β-thalassemia homozygotes were studied. Patients were divided in three groups: group A (n = 151) with no cardiac impairment, group C (n = 47) with LVF, and 53 patients with LV dilatation and normal LV systolic function constituted the group B. DNA was obtained from all patients, and the polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the polymorphism at the APOE locus. The APOE allele frequencies were compared with those of a Greek control sample of 216 healthy blood donors. Patients with no cardiac impairment had an APOE 4 allele frequency (7.9%) not different from population controls (6.5%, P > .05), while patients with LVF had a significantly higher frequency of APOE 4 (12.8%) than the controls (P < .05, odds ratio = 2.11, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 4.32). The APOE 4 allele may represent an important genetic risk factor for the development of organ damage in homozygous β-thalassemia.© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
In homozygous β-thalassemia, the organ damage is mainly attributed to excessive iron deposition through the formation of oxygen free radicals. Despite appropriate transfusion and chelation therapy and low ferritin levels, patients still develop organ failure, heart failure being the main cause of death. This study was designed to determine whether the decreased antioxidant activity of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) 4 allele could represent a genetic risk factor for the development of left ventricular failure (LVF) in β-thalassemia homozygotes. A total of 251 Greek β-thalassemia homozygotes were studied. Patients were divided in three groups: group A (n = 151) with no cardiac impairment, group C (n = 47) with LVF, and 53 patients with LV dilatation and normal LV systolic function constituted the group B. DNA was obtained from all patients, and the polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the polymorphism at the APOE locus. The APOE allele frequencies were compared with those of a Greek control sample of 216 healthy blood donors. Patients with no cardiac impairment had an APOE 4 allele frequency (7.9%) not different from population controls (6.5%, P > .05), while patients with LVF had a significantly higher frequency of APOE 4 (12.8%) than the controls (P < .05, odds ratio = 2.11, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 4.32). The APOE 4 allele may represent an important genetic risk factor for the development of organ damage in homozygous β-thalassemia.© 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Collapse
|
29
|
Hansen C, Bugge M, Brandt CA, Hertz JM, Tranebjaerg L, Mikkelsen M, Petersen MB. Apolipoprotein E alleles in mothers of trisomy 18 conceptuses. Clin Genet 1998; 53:321-2. [PMID: 9650776 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1998.tb02707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|