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Caffé B, Blackwell A, Fehrenkamp BD, Williams JE, Pace RM, Lackey KA, Ruiz L, Rodríguez JM, McGuire MA, Foster JA, Sellen DW, Kamau-Mbuthia EW, Kamundia EW, Mbugua S, Moore SE, Prentice AM, Kvist LJ, Otoo GE, Pareja RG, Bode L, Gebeyehu D, Gindola DK, Boothman S, Flores K, McGuire MK, Meehan CL. Human milk immune factors, maternal nutritional status, and infant sex: The INSPIRE study. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23943. [PMID: 37358306 PMCID: PMC10749986 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breastfeeding is an energetically costly and intense form of human parental investment, providing sole-source nutrition in early infancy and bioactive components, including immune factors. Given the energetic cost of lactation, milk factors may be subject to tradeoffs, and variation in concentrations have been explored utilizing the Trivers-Willard hypothesis. As human milk immune factors are critical to developing immune system and protect infants against pathogens, we tested whether concentrations of milk immune factors (IgA, IgM, IgG, EGF, TGFβ2, and IL-10) vary in response to infant sex and maternal condition (proxied by maternal diet diversity [DD] and body mass index [BMI]) as posited in the Trivers-Willard hypothesis and consider the application of the hypothesis to milk composition. METHODS We analyzed concentrations of immune factors in 358 milk samples collected from women residing in 10 international sites using linear mixed-effects models to test for an interaction between maternal condition, including population as a random effect and infant age and maternal age as fixed effects. RESULTS IgG concentrations were significantly lower in milk produced by women consuming diets with low diversity with male infants than those with female infants. No other significant associations were identified. CONCLUSIONS IgG concentrations were related to infant sex and maternal diet diversity, providing minimal support for the hypothesis. Given the lack of associations across other select immune factors, results suggest that the Trivers-Willard hypothesis may not be broadly applied to human milk immune factors as a measure of maternal investment, which are likely buffered against perturbations in maternal condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Caffé
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Aaron Blackwell
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Bethaney D Fehrenkamp
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, Idaho (WWAMI) Medical Education Program, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Janet E Williams
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Ryan M Pace
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Kimberly A Lackey
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Lorena Ruiz
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Microhealth Group, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark A McGuire
- Department of Animal, Veterinary and Food Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - James A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Daniel W Sellen
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Samwel Mbugua
- Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Sophie E Moore
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, Gambia
| | | | - Gloria E Otoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Lars Bode
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dubale Gebeyehu
- Department of Anthropology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Debela K Gindola
- Department of Anthropology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Sarah Boothman
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Katherine Flores
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Michelle K McGuire
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
| | - Courtney L Meehan
- Department of Anthropology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Tomaszewska A, Jeleniewska A, Porębska K, Królikowska K, Rustecka A, Lipińska-Opałka A, Będzichowska A, Zdanowski R, Aleksandrowicz K, Kloc M, Kalicki B. Immunomodulatory Effect of Infectious Disease of a Breastfed Child on the Cellular Composition of Breast Milk. Nutrients 2023; 15:3844. [PMID: 37686876 PMCID: PMC10490220 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the content of immune components in milk is influenced by the mother's health and also by the infant she feeds. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a child's respiratory tract infection on the cellular composition of breast milk (neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and their subpopulations). Twenty-six breastfeeding mothers whose children were hospitalized for respiratory tract infections were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 23 mothers of healthy children. Regarding the children, baseline laboratory blood tests were performed, and nasal swabs were taken for the presence of RS virus. In the next step, milk samples were collected from the mothers to assess the cellular composition of the milk, including neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and their subpopulations. Significantly higher percentages of T lymphocytes (helper and cytotoxic lymphocytes) were observed in the milk of the studied mothers. There was a significantly higher percentage of milk lymphocytes in the group of affected children with confirmed RSV etiology than in children with excluded RSV etiology. A significant positive correlation was observed between the duration of infection and the percentage of milk NK cells and between milk CD19 lymphocytes and the child's serum leukocytosis. This study may provide evidence of a link between cells in breast milk and disease in the breastfed infant. The severity of the infection, its duration, and the etiological agent of the infection may affect the cellular composition of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Tomaszewska
- Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.J.); (K.K.); (A.R.); (A.L.-O.); (A.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Alicja Jeleniewska
- Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.J.); (K.K.); (A.R.); (A.L.-O.); (A.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Klaudia Porębska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (R.Z.); (K.A.)
| | - Katarzyna Królikowska
- Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.J.); (K.K.); (A.R.); (A.L.-O.); (A.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Rustecka
- Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.J.); (K.K.); (A.R.); (A.L.-O.); (A.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Agnieszka Lipińska-Opałka
- Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.J.); (K.K.); (A.R.); (A.L.-O.); (A.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Agata Będzichowska
- Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.J.); (K.K.); (A.R.); (A.L.-O.); (A.B.); (B.K.)
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (R.Z.); (K.A.)
| | - Karolina Aleksandrowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (K.P.); (R.Z.); (K.A.)
| | - Małgorzata Kloc
- Transplant Immunology, The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genetics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bolesław Kalicki
- Department of Paediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland; (A.J.); (K.K.); (A.R.); (A.L.-O.); (A.B.); (B.K.)
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Lokossou GAG, Kouakanou L, Schumacher A, Zenclussen AC. Human Breast Milk: From Food to Active Immune Response With Disease Protection in Infants and Mothers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:849012. [PMID: 35450064 PMCID: PMC9016618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.849012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding is associated with long-term wellbeing including low risks of infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases such as asthma, cancer, autoimmune diseases and obesity during childhood. In recent years, important advances have been made in understanding the human breast milk (HBM) composition. Breast milk components such as, non-immune and immune cells and bioactive molecules, namely, cytokines/chemokines, lipids, hormones, and enzymes reportedly play many roles in breastfed newborns and in mothers, by diseases protection and shaping the immune system of the newborn. Bioactive components in HBM are also involved in tolerance and appropriate inflammatory response of breastfed infants if necessary. This review summarizes the current literature on the relationship between mother and her infant through breast milk with regard to disease protection. We will shed some light on the mechanisms underlying the roles of breast milk components in the maintenance of health of both child and mother.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gatien A. G. Lokossou
- Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Department Human Biology Engineering, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Benin
| | - Léonce Kouakanou
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Anne Schumacher
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C. Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research and Perinatal Immunology, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Seppo AE, Choudhury R, Pizzarello C, Palli R, Fridy S, Rajani PS, Stern J, Martina C, Yonemitsu C, Bode L, Bu K, Tamburini S, Piras E, Wallach DS, Allen M, Looney RJ, Clemente JC, Thakar J, Järvinen KM. Traditional Farming Lifestyle in Old Older Mennonites Modulates Human Milk Composition. Front Immunol 2021; 12:741513. [PMID: 34707611 PMCID: PMC8545059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.741513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In addition to farming exposures in childhood, maternal farming exposures provide strong protection against allergic disease in their children; however, the effect of farming lifestyle on human milk (HM) composition is unknown. Objective This study aims to characterize the maternal immune effects of Old Order Mennonite (OOM) traditional farming lifestyle when compared with Rochester (ROC) families at higher risk for asthma and allergic diseases using HM as a proxy. Methods HM samples collected at median 2 months of lactation from 52 OOM and 29 ROC mothers were assayed for IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies, cytokines, endotoxin, HM oligosaccharides (HMOs), and targeted fatty acid (FA) metabolites. Development of early childhood atopic diseases in children by 3 years of age was assessed. In addition to group comparisons, systems level network analysis was performed to identify communities of multiple HM factors in ROC and OOM lifestyle. Results HM contains IgA1 and IgA2 antibodies broadly recognizing food, inhalant, and bacterial antigens. OOM HM has significantly higher levels of IgA to peanut, ovalbumin, dust mites, and Streptococcus equii as well TGF-β2, and IFN-λ3. A strong correlation occurred between maternal antibiotic use and levels of several HMOs. Path-based analysis of HMOs shows lower activity in the path involving lactoneohexaose (LNH) in the OOM as well as higher levels of lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) and two long-chain FAs C-18OH (stearic acid) and C-23OH (tricosanoic acid) compared with Rochester HM. OOM and Rochester milk formed five different clusters, e.g., butyrate production was associated with Prevotellaceae, Veillonellaceae, and Micrococcaceae cluster. Development of atopic disease in early childhood was more common in Rochester and associated with lower levels of total IgA, IgA2 to dust mite, as well as of TSLP. Conclusion Traditional, agrarian lifestyle, and antibiotic use are strong regulators of maternally derived immune and metabolic factors, which may have downstream implications for postnatal developmental programming of infant's gut microbiome and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti E. Seppo
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rakin Choudhury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Catherine Pizzarello
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Rohith Palli
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sade Fridy
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Puja Sood Rajani
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jessica Stern
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Camille Martina
- Department of Public Health Sciences & Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Chloe Yonemitsu
- Division of Neonatology and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Lars Bode
- Division of Neonatology and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence (MOMI CORE), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Bu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Precision Immunology Institue, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sabrina Tamburini
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Precision Immunology Institue, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Enrica Piras
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Precision Immunology Institue, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - David S. Wallach
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Precision Immunology Institue, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria Allen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - R. John Looney
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jose C. Clemente
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Precision Immunology Institue, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kirsi M. Järvinen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and Golisano Children’s Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States,Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Kirsi M. Järvinen,
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Impact of Type of Parturition on Colostrum Microbiota Composition and Puppy Survival. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071897. [PMID: 34202284 PMCID: PMC8300205 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It has long been believed that the bacteria present in milk and colostrum were due to contamination during suckling from the oral cavity of the newborn or the skin of the mother. Colostrum and meconium from newborns were considered sterile. In the last decade, human research has provided evidence that bacteria are present in colostrum, milk, placenta, and the intestine of the newborn. The colostrum microbiota appears to change greatly and very rapidly, and in humans it has been found that it can be influenced by the type of parturition. Because information on the colostrum microbiota in dogs is lacking, the objective of our study was to determine whether the type of parturition affects the colostrum microbiota and the growth and survival of puppies in early life. Bacteria isolated from maternal colostrum and puppies meconium were identified by mass spectrometry. The results of this study provide new information on the colostrum microbiome of healthy dams and suggest that the type of parturition influences the bacterial composition of the colostrum microbiota, which may be an important factor in weight gain and survival of puppies in early life. Abstract The objective of our study was to determine whether the type of parturition affects the microbiota of the colostrum and the growth and survival of the puppies. Seventy-nine newborn puppies were divided into three groups regarding the type of parturition: vaginal delivery (VD), elective caesarean section (EL-CS), and emergency caesarean section (EM-CS). After the birth of the puppies, swabs of meconium were collected from the puppies and colostrum was obtained from the dam. Many aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were isolated and identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The colostrum microbiota of VD and EL-CS puppies contained a significantly higher abundance of bacteria belonging to the genera Staphylococcus, Kocuria and Enterococcus compared with EM-CS colostrum samples. The composition of the meconium microbiota of the puppies present at birth was similar to the colostrum microbiota of their mothers. It was also found that puppies without a meconium microbiota at birth gained weight more slowly compared with puppies with a meconium microbiota at birth. The type of parturition influenced the bacterial composition of the microbiota in the colostrum. Future studies are necessary to further define the significance of the observed differences in microbiota composition between EM-CS compared with EL-CS and VD colostrum microbiota.
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Abstract
Human milk contains a wide range of immunomodulatory factors, including immunoglobulins, human milk oligosaccharides, cytokines, microbiome, innate factors and food antigens. Maternal diet can influence the content of human milk as it is well-established that dietary antigens can be secreted in human milk after maternal consumption, but whether these dietary antigens promote tolerance or sensitization in the infant is a subject of debate. This review summarizes the current literature on these immunologically active factors in human milk, including the microbiome, innate factors, and maternal diet-derived dietary antigens in the context of development of allergic diseases, with the focus on food allergy.
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Butts CA, Paturi G, Blatchford P, Bentley-Hewitt KL, Hedderley DI, Martell S, Dinnan H, Eady SL, Wallace AJ, Glyn-Jones S, Wiens F, Stahl B, Gopal P. Microbiota Composition of Breast Milk from Women of Different Ethnicity from the Manawatu-Wanganui Region of New Zealand. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061756. [PMID: 32545413 PMCID: PMC7353441 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human breastmilk components, the microbiota and immune modulatory proteins have vital roles in infant gut and immune development. In a population of breastfeeding women (n = 78) of different ethnicities (Asian, Māori and Pacific Island, New Zealand European) and their infants living in the Manawatu–Wanganui region of New Zealand, we examined the microbiota and immune modulatory proteins in the breast milk, and the fecal microbiota of mothers and infants. Breast milk and fecal samples were collected over a one-week period during the six to eight weeks postpartum. Breast milk microbiota differed between the ethnic groups. However, these differences had no influence on the infant’s gut microbiota composition. Based on the body mass index (BMI) classifications, the mother’s breast milk and fecal microbiota compositions were similar between normal, overweight and obese individuals, and their infant’s fecal microbiota composition also did not differ. The relative abundance of bacteria belonging to the Bacteroidetes phylum was higher in feces of infants born through vaginal delivery. However, the bacterial abundance of this phylum in the mother’s breast milk or feces was similar between women who delivered vaginally or by cesarean section. Several immune modulatory proteins including cytokines, growth factors, and immunoglobulin differed between the BMI and ethnicity groups. Transforming growth factor beta 1 and 2 (TGFβ1, TGFβ2) were present in higher concentrations in the milk from overweight mothers compared to those of normal weight. The TGFβ1 and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) concentrations were significantly higher in the breast milk from Māori and Pacific Island women compared with women from Asian and NZ European ethnicities. This study explores the relationship between ethnicity, body mass index, mode of baby delivery and the microbiota of infants and their mothers and their potential impact on infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Butts
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (P.B.); (K.L.B.-H.); (D.I.H.); (S.M.); (H.D.); (P.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gunaranjan Paturi
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Paul Blatchford
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (P.B.); (K.L.B.-H.); (D.I.H.); (S.M.); (H.D.); (P.G.)
- Zespri International Limited, 400 Maunganui Road, Mt Maunganui 3149, New Zealand
| | - Kerry L. Bentley-Hewitt
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (P.B.); (K.L.B.-H.); (D.I.H.); (S.M.); (H.D.); (P.G.)
| | - Duncan I. Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (P.B.); (K.L.B.-H.); (D.I.H.); (S.M.); (H.D.); (P.G.)
| | - Sheridan Martell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (P.B.); (K.L.B.-H.); (D.I.H.); (S.M.); (H.D.); (P.G.)
| | - Hannah Dinnan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (P.B.); (K.L.B.-H.); (D.I.H.); (S.M.); (H.D.); (P.G.)
| | - Sarah L. Eady
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (S.L.E.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Alison J. Wallace
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; (S.L.E.); (A.J.W.)
| | - Sarah Glyn-Jones
- Nutricia New Zealand, 56-58 Aintree Avenue, Mangere, Auckland 2022, New Zealand;
| | - Frank Wiens
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (F.W.); (B.S.)
- Human Nutrition & Health, DSM Nutritional Products, P.O. Box 2676, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (F.W.); (B.S.)
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pramod Gopal
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (P.B.); (K.L.B.-H.); (D.I.H.); (S.M.); (H.D.); (P.G.)
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Bukhari SI, Alfawaz H, Al-Dbass A, Bhat RS, Moubayed NMS, Bukhari W, Hassan SA, Merghani N, Elsamaligy S, El-Ansary A. Efficacy of Novavit in ameliorating the neurotoxicity of propionic acid. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:134-146. [PMID: 33312719 PMCID: PMC7705989 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, abnormal fatty acid metabolism, and impaired gut microbiota play a serious role in the pathology of autism. The use of dietary supplements to improve the core symptoms of autism is a common therapeutic strategy. The present study analyzed the effects of oral supplementation with Novavit, a multi-ingredient supplement, on ameliorating oxidative stress and impaired lipid metabolism in a propionic acid (PPA)-induced rodent model of autism. Male western albino rats were divided into three groups. The first group is the control, the second group was given an oral neurotoxic dose of PPA (250 mg/kg body weight/day) for 3 days and then received buffered saline until the end of the experiment. The third group received Novavit (70 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days after the 3-day PPA treatment). Markers of oxidative stress and impaired fatty acid metabolism were measured in brain homogenates obtained from each group. Novavit modulation of the gut microbiota was also evaluated. While PPA induced significant increases in lipid peroxides and 5-lipoxygenase, together with significantly decreased glutathione, and cyclooxygenase 2, oral supplementation with Novavit ameliorated PPA-induced oxidative stress and impaired fatty acid metabolism. Our results showed that the presence of multivitamins, coenzyme Q10, minerals, and colostrum, the major components of Novavit, protects against PPA-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I. Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Al-Dbass
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine MS Moubayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadha Bukhari
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, P O Box 22452, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nada Merghani
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, P O Box 22452, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Elsamaligy
- Department of Pharamaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, P O Box 22452, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
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9
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The Ecology of Breastfeeding and Mother-Infant Immune Functions. THE MOTHER-INFANT NEXUS IN ANTHROPOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-27393-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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10
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Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214181. [PMID: 31671856 PMCID: PMC6862650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major social, economic, and health problem around the world. Children are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of air pollution due to their immaturity and excessive growth and development. The aims of this narrative review were to: (1) summarize evidence about the protective effects of breastfeeding on the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure, (2) define and describe the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of breastfeeding, and (3) examine the potential effects of air pollution on breastmilk composition and lactation. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Existing evidence suggests that breastfeeding has a protective effect on adverse outcomes of indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure in respiratory (infections, lung function, asthma symptoms) and immune (allergic, nervous and cardiovascular) systems, as well as under-five mortality in both developing and developed countries. However, some studies reported no protective effect of breastfeeding or even negative effects of breastfeeding for under-five mortality. Several possible mechanisms of the breastfeeding protective effect were proposed, including the beneficial influence of breastfeeding on immune, respiratory, and nervous systems, which are related to the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties of breastmilk. Breastmilk components responsible for its protective effect against air pollutants exposure may be long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA), antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, immunoglobins, and cytokines, some of which have concentrations that are diet-dependent. However, maternal exposure to air pollution is related to increased breastmilk concentrations of pollutants (e.g., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or heavy metals in particulate matter (PM)). Nonetheless, environmental studies have confirmed that breastmilk’s protective effects outweigh its potential health risk to the infant. Mothers should be encouraged and supported to breastfeed their infants due to its unique health benefits, as well as its limited ecological footprint, which is associated with decreased waste production and the emission of pollutants.
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11
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Klein LD, Huang J, Quinn EA, Martin MA, Breakey AA, Gurven M, Kaplan H, Valeggia C, Jasienska G, Scelza B, Lebrilla CB, Hinde K. Variation among populations in the immune protein composition of mother's milk reflects subsistence pattern. Evol Med Public Health 2018; 2018:230-245. [PMID: 30430010 PMCID: PMC6222208 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoy031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
LAY SUMMARY Adaptive immune proteins in mothers' milk are more variable than innate immune proteins across populations and subsistence strategies. These results suggest that the immune defenses in milk are shaped by a mother's environment throughout her life. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mother's milk contains immune proteins that play critical roles in protecting the infant from infection and priming the infant's developing immune system during early life. The composition of these molecules in milk, particularly the acquired immune proteins, is thought to reflect a mother's immunological exposures throughout her life. In this study, we examine the composition of innate and acquired immune proteins in milk across seven populations with diverse disease and cultural ecologies. METHODOLOGY Milk samples (n = 164) were collected in Argentina, Bolivia, Nepal, Namibia, Philippines, Poland and the USA. Populations were classified as having one of four subsistence patterns: urban-industrialism, rural-shop, horticulturalist-forager or agro-pastoralism. Milk innate (lactalbumin, lactoferrin and lysozyme) and acquired (Secretory IgA, IgG and IgM) protein concentrations were determined using triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. RESULTS Both innate and acquired immune protein composition in milk varied among populations, though the acquired immune protein composition of milk differed more among populations. Populations living in closer geographic proximity or having similar subsistence strategies (e.g. agro-pastoralists from Nepal and Namibia) had more similar milk immune protein compositions. Agro-pastoralists had different milk innate immune protein composition from horticulturalist-foragers and urban-industrialists. Acquired immune protein composition differed among all subsistence strategies except horticulturist-foragers and rural-shop. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results reveal fundamental variation in milk composition that has not been previously explored in human milk research. Further study is needed to understand what specific aspects of the local environment influence milk composition and the effects this variation may have on infant health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Klein
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 West Harrison Street, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Jincui Huang
- Chemistry Department, University of California Davis, 2465 Chemistry Annex, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Quinn
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University in St Louis, Campus Box 1114, One Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melanie A Martin
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, 314 Denny Hall, Box 353100, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicia A Breakey
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Hillard Kaplan
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, MSC01-1040, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Claudia Valeggia
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, 10 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Grazyna Jasienska
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Grzegorzecka 20, Krakow, Poland
| | - Brooke Scelza
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, 341 Haines Hall, Box 951553, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Chemistry Department, University of California Davis, 2465 Chemistry Annex, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Katie Hinde
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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12
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Munblit D, Abrol P, Sheth S, Chow LY, Khaleva E, Asmanov A, Lauriola S, Padovani EM, Comberiati P, Boner AL, Warner JO, Boyle RJ, Peroni DG. Levels of Growth Factors and IgA in the Colostrum of Women from Burundi and Italy. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1216. [PMID: 30177587 PMCID: PMC6164593 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colostrum is produced in the first days postpartum. It is a known source of immune mediators for a newborn within the first week of life. Although it is still unclear if colostrum composition varies between populations, recent data suggest differences. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF); transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 1, 2, and 3; and immunoglobulin A (IgA) are key immunological components of colostrum that stimulate neonatal gastrointestinal and immune system development. We aimed to investigate the differences in the concentration between immune markers in the colostrum of mothers living in Burundi and Italy, and to identify the factors associated with differences. In this cross-sectional birth cohort study, a total of 99 colostrum samples from Burundian (n = 23) and Italian (n = 76) women were collected at 0 to 6 days postpartum. A clinical chemistry analyser was used for IgA quantification and electro-chemiluminescence, for HGF and TGFβ1-3 assessment. A univariate analysis and multivariate linear regression model were used for statistical testing. The concentrations of TGF-β2 (p = 0.01) and IgA (p < 0.01) were significantly higher in the colostrum from the women residing in Burundi than in Italy, both in a univariate analysis and upon the adjustment for confounding factors. A similar trend is seen for HGF, reaching statistical significance upon a multivariate analysis. We found a moderate to strong positive correlation between the TGF-β isoforms and IgA concentration in both countries (p < 0.01), with stronger concentration in the colostrum from Burundi. The results of this study are in support of previous data, suggesting that concentration of the immune active molecules is higher in the human milk of women residing in developing countries. However, with a small sample size, caution must be applied, as the findings require further confirmation. Future work should also be focused on other factors (e.g., lipid and microbial composition), as well as the investigation into colostrum and between populations comparison, adjusting for potential confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Munblit
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK.
- Faculty of Pediatrics, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), 6010 Park Ave, West New York, NJ 07093, USA.
| | - Priya Abrol
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK.
| | - Shreya Sheth
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK.
| | - Li Yan Chow
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK.
| | - Ekaterina Khaleva
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), 6010 Park Ave, West New York, NJ 07093, USA.
- Department of Paediatrics, Saint-Petersburg State Paediatric Medical University, 194353 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Alan Asmanov
- The Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics named after Academician Yuri Veltischev of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 125412 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Silvana Lauriola
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Paediatrics, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy.
| | - Ezio M Padovani
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Paediatrics, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Paediatrics, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy.
| | - Attilio L Boner
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Paediatrics, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy.
| | - John O Warner
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK.
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), 6010 Park Ave, West New York, NJ 07093, USA.
| | - Robert J Boyle
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK.
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), 6010 Park Ave, West New York, NJ 07093, USA.
| | - Diego G Peroni
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), 6010 Park Ave, West New York, NJ 07093, USA.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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13
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Rajani PS, Seppo AE, Järvinen KM. Immunologically Active Components in Human Milk and Development of Atopic Disease, With Emphasis on Food Allergy, in the Pediatric Population. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:218. [PMID: 30131949 PMCID: PMC6090044 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast-feeding is currently recommended to prevent the development of allergic diseases; however, data are conflicting and mechanisms are unclear. The immunomodulatory composition of human milk is poorly characterized and varies between mothers. We and others have shown that high levels of human milk IgA and certain cytokines and human milk oligosaccharides are associated with protection against food allergy in the infant, but it is unclear whether they are responsible for or simply biomarkers of the vertical transfer of protection. Because human milk has pre- and probiotic properties, the anti-allergy protection afforded by human milk may be due to its control on the developing gut microbiome. In mice, murine milk IgA supports gut homeostasis and shapes the microbiota, which in turn diversifies the intestinal IgA repertoire that reciprocally promotes the diversity of gut microbiome; these mechanisms are poorly understood in humans. In addition, several human milk bioactives are immunostimulatory, which may in part provide protection against allergic diseases. The regulation of immunologically active components in human milk is incompletely understood, although accumulating evidence suggests that IgA and cytokines in human milk reflect maternal exposures. This review summarizes the current literature on human milk components that have been associated with protection against food allergy and related allergic disorders in early childhood and discusses the work relating to regulation of these levels in human milk and possible mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kirsi M. Järvinen
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology and Center for Food Allergy, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
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14
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Morita Y, Campos-Alberto E, Yamaide F, Nakano T, Ohnisi H, Kawamoto M, Kawamoto N, Matsui E, Kondo N, Kohno Y, Shimojo N. TGF-β Concentration in Breast Milk is Associated With the Development of Eczema in Infants. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:162. [PMID: 29911097 PMCID: PMC5992274 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in breast milk is crucial for mucosal immune system in the neonatal period. We hypothesized that the level of exposure to TGF-β from breast milk in the first month of life is related to the development of eczema later in life. Thus, the present study investigated whether changes in TGF-β levels between colostrum and mature milk are associated with such occurrence in a birth cohort study. Methods: Colostrum and 1-month breast milk samples were collected from mothers who participated in our birth cohort study. TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 levels in breast milk were measured using a commercial ELISA kit. The development of eczema in the first 6 months after birth was assessed based on parent's response to a questionnaire. Levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 were compared in breast milk from mothers of infants with and without eczema. Results: In children with eczema, TGF-β1 levels were higher in colostrum, but lower in 1-month milk. A lower TGF-β1 ratio (1-month milk/colostrum) was related to the development of eczema during the first 6 months of life. There was no difference in TGF-β2 ratio (1-month milk/colostrum) between eczema group and control group. Conclusions: Concentration of TGF-β1 but not TGF-β2 in breast milk during the first month after birth may be associated with eczema later in life. Factors that increase TGF-β1 levels in breast milk may play a role in preventing allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Morita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Fumiya Yamaide
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Taiji Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ohnisi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Minako Kawamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Norio Kawamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Eiko Matsui
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naomi Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kohno
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Shimojo
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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15
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Toscano M, De Grandi R, Peroni DG, Grossi E, Facchin V, Comberiati P, Drago L. Impact of delivery mode on the colostrum microbiota composition. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:205. [PMID: 28946864 PMCID: PMC5613475 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk is a rich nutrient with a temporally dynamic nature. In particular, numerous alterations in the nutritional, immunological and microbiological content occur during the transition from colostrum to mature milk. The objective of our study was to evaluate the potential impact of delivery mode on the microbiota of colostrum, at both the quantitative and qualitative levels (bacterial abundance and microbiota network). METHODS Twenty-nine Italian mothers (15 vaginal deliveries vs 14 Cesarean sections) were enrolled in the study. The microbiota of colostrum samples was analyzed by next generation sequencing (Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine). The colostrum microbiota network associated with Cesarean section and vaginal delivery was evaluated by means of the Auto Contractive Map (AutoCM), a mathematical methodology based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) architecture. RESULTS Numerous differences between Cesarean section and vaginal delivery colostrum were observed. Vaginal delivery colostrum had a significant lower abundance of Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Prevotella spp. when compared to Cesarean section colostrum samples. Furthermore, the mode of delivery had a strong influence on the microbiota network, as Cesarean section colostrum showed a higher number of bacterial hubs if compared to vaginal delivery, sharing only 5 hubs. Interestingly, the colostrum of mothers who had a Cesarean section was richer in environmental bacteria than mothers who underwent vaginal delivery. Finally, both Cesarean section and vaginal delivery colostrum contained a greater number of anaerobic bacteria genera. CONCLUSIONS The mode of delivery had a large impact on the microbiota composition of colostrum. Further studies are needed to better define the meaning of the differences we observed between Cesarean section and vaginal delivery colostrum microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Toscano
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bLaboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, Milan, 20133 Italy
| | - Roberta De Grandi
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bLaboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, Milan, 20133 Italy
| | - Diego Giampietro Peroni
- 0000 0004 1757 3729grid.5395.aDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatric and International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enzo Grossi
- Villa Santa Maria Institute, Via IV Novembre Tavernerio, 22038 Como, Italy
| | - Valentina Facchin
- 0000 0004 1763 1124grid.5611.3Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Section of Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pasquale Comberiati
- 0000 0004 1763 1124grid.5611.3Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Section of Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Drago
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bLaboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, Milan, 20133 Italy
- 0000 0004 1757 2822grid.4708.bLaboratory of Clinical-Chemistry and Microbiology, IRCCS Galeazzi Institute, University of Milan, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20164 Milan, Italy
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16
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Human Milk and Allergic Diseases: An Unsolved Puzzle. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080894. [PMID: 28817095 PMCID: PMC5579687 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence on the protective role of breastfeeding in relation to the development of allergic sensitisation and allergic disease. Studies vary in methodology and definition of outcomes, which lead to considerable heterogeneity. Human milk composition varies both within and between individuals, which may partially explain conflicting data. It is known that human milk composition is very complex and contains variable levels of immune active molecules, oligosaccharides, metabolites, vitamins and other nutrients and microbial content. Existing evidence suggests that modulation of human breast milk composition has potential for preventing allergic diseases in early life. In this review, we discuss associations between breastfeeding/human milk composition and allergy development.
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17
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Munblit D, Treneva M, Peroni DG, Colicino S, Chow L, Dissanayeke S, Abrol P, Sheth S, Pampura A, Boner AL, Geddes DT, Boyle RJ, Warner JO. Colostrum and Mature Human Milk of Women from London, Moscow, and Verona: Determinants of Immune Composition. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110695. [PMID: 27827874 PMCID: PMC5133082 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and growth factors in colostrum and mature milk may play an important role in infant immune maturation, and may vary significantly between populations. We aimed to examine associations between environmental and maternal factors, and human milk (HM) cytokine and growth factor levels. We recruited 398 pregnant/lactating women in the United Kingdom, Russia, and Italy. Participants underwent skin prick testing, questionnaire interview, and colostrum and mature milk sampling. HM cytokine and growth factor levels were quantified by electro-chemiluminescence. We found significant geographical variation in growth factor levels, but no evidence of variation between sites in cytokine detectability. There was an inverse correlation between time of milk sampling and growth factor levels in colostrum for Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) and TGFβ1 and TGFβ3, but not TGFβ2, and levels were significantly higher in colostrum than mature milk for all growth factors. The kinetics of decline were different for each growth factor. Cytokines were present at much lower levels than growth factors, and the decline over time was less consistent. HM growth factors and cytokine levels vary between populations for unknown reasons. Levels of HM mediators decline at different rates postpartum, and these findings suggest specific biological roles for HM growth factors and cytokines in early postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Munblit
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK.
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Pediatrics, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Marina Treneva
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
- Allergy Department, Veltischev Clinical Pediatric Research Institute of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 125412, Russia.
| | - Diego G Peroni
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Colicino
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6NP, UK.
| | - LiYan Chow
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK.
| | - Shobana Dissanayeke
- Royal Holloway University of London School of Biological Sciences, Biomedical Sciences, London TW20 0EX, UK.
| | - Priya Abrol
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK.
| | - Shreya Sheth
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK.
| | - Alexander Pampura
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
- Allergy Department, Veltischev Clinical Pediatric Research Institute of Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 125412, Russia.
| | - Attilio L Boner
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Section of Paediatrics, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy.
| | - Donna T Geddes
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, WA, Australia.
| | - Robert J Boyle
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK.
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - John O Warner
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UK.
- International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network of the World Universities Network, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
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18
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Bernstein RM, Hinde K. Bioactive factors in milk across lactation: Maternal effects and influence on infant growth in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Am J Primatol 2016; 78:838-50. [PMID: 27029025 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Among mammals, numerous bioactive factors in milk vary across mothers and influence offspring outcomes. This emerging area of research has primarily investigated such dynamics within rodent biomedical models, domesticated dairy breeds, and among humans in clinical contexts. Less understood are signaling factors in the milk of non-human primates. Here, we report on multiple bioactive components in rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) milk and their associations with maternal and infant characteristics. Milk samples were collected from 59 macaques at multiple time points across lactation in conjunction with maternal and infant morphometrics and life-history animal records. Milk was assayed for adiponectin (APN), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGF-R), and transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2 ). Regression models were constructed to assess the contributions of maternal factors on variation in milk bioactives, and on the relationship of this variation to infant body mass and growth. Maternal body mass, parity, social rank, and infant sex were all predictive of concentrations of milk bioactives. Primiparous mothers produced milk with higher adiponectin, but lower EGF, than multiparous mothers. Heavier mothers produced milk with lower EGF and EGF-R, but higher TGF-β2 . Mothers of daughters produced milk with higher TGF-β2 . Mid-ranking mothers produced milk with higher mean EGF and adiponectin concentrations than low-ranking mothers. Milk EGF and EGF-R were positively associated with infant body mass and growth rate. Importantly, these signaling bioactives (APN, EGF, EGF-R, and TGF-β2 ) were significantly correlated with nutritional values of milk. The effects of milk signals remained after controlling for the available energy in milk revealing the added physiological role of non-nutritive milk bioactives in the developing infant. Integrating analyses of energetic and other bioactive components of milk yields an important perspective for interpreting the magnitude, sources, and consequences of inter-individual variation in milk synthesis. Am. J. Primatol. 78:838-850, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M Bernstein
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado.,Health and Society Program, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Katie Hinde
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Arizona.,Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Arizona.,Brain, Mind, and Behavior Unit, California National Primate Research Center, California
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Munblit D, Boyle RJ, Warner JO. Factors affecting breast milk composition and potential consequences for development of the allergic phenotype. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 45:583-601. [PMID: 25077553 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence on the protective role of breastfeeding in relation to allergic sensitization and disease. The factors in breast milk which influence these processes are still unclear and under investigation. We know that colostrum and breast milk contain a variety of molecules which can influence immune responses in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue of a neonate. This review summarizes the evidence that variations in colostrum and breast milk composition can influence allergic outcomes in the infant, and the evidence that maternal and environmental factors can modify milk composition. Taken together, the data presented support the possibility that maternal dietary interventions may be an effective way to promote infant health through modification of breast milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Munblit
- Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK; International Inflammation (in-FLAME) Network, of the World Universities Network (WUN)
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Abstract
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a predominant immunoglobulin present in human breast milk and is known to play an important role in infant gut immunity maturation. Breast milk composition varies between populations, but the environmental and maternal factors responsible for these variations are still unclear. We examined the relationship between different exposures and levels of IgA in colostrum. The objective of this study was to examine whether exposures analysed influence levels of IgA in colostrum. The present study used 294 colostrum samples from the MecMilk International cohort, collected from women residing in London, Moscow and Verona. Samples were analysed in automated Abbott Architect Analyser. We found an inverse correlation between time postpartum and colostrum total IgA level (r=-0.49, P<0.001). Adjusting for maternal parity, smoking, fresh fruit and fish consumption and allergen sensitization, multiple regression model showed that IgA levels were influenced by colostrum collection time (P<0.0001) and country of collection (P<0.01). Mode of delivery influence did not appear to be significant in univariate comparisons, once adjusted for the above maternal characteristics it showed a significant influence on total IgA (P=0.01). We conclude that the concentration of IgA in colostrum drops rapidly after birth and future studies should always consider this factor in analysis. IgA concentration varied significantly between countries, with the highest level detected in Moscow and lowest in Verona. Mode of delivery effect should be confirmed on larger cohorts. Further work is needed to determine ways to correct for IgA decline over time in colostrum, and to find the cause of variations in IgA levels between the countries.
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Montgomery S, Bahmanyar S, Brus O, Hussein O, Kosma P, Palme-Kilander C. Respiratory infections in preterm infants and subsequent asthma: a cohort study. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e004034. [PMID: 24171940 PMCID: PMC3816244 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether gestational age modifies the association of airway infections that result in hospital admission during the first year after birth, with subsequent asthma risk after age 5 years. SETTING Hospital inpatients and a general population comparison group in Sweden followed for subsequent diagnoses in primary and secondary care. PARTICIPANTS National registers identified 42 334 children admitted to hospital for respiratory infection in their first year after birth during 1981-1995, individually matched with 211 594 children not admitted to hospital for infection during their first year. PRIMARY OUTCOME Asthma diagnoses and prescribed asthma treatments after the age of 5 years identified through registers. RESULTS Cox regression was used to identify a HR (and 95% CI) of 1.51 (1.47 to 1.51) for the association of respiratory infection before 1 year of age with asthma after age 5 years, after adjustment for sex, gestational age, chronic lung disease, maternal asthma and maternal smoking. When stratified by gestational age (and with additional adjustment for birth weight), there is statistically significant effect modification by gestational age, with the highest magnitude asthma risk among those born with a gestational age of less than 28 weeks, producing an adjusted HR of 2.22 (1.59 to 3.09). This higher magnitude asthma risk persisted until after age 10 years, but differences in risk by gestational age were less pronounced for asthma after age 16 years. CONCLUSIONS Extremely preterm infants are most likely to have chronic respiratory sequelae following respiratory infections in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Montgomery
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Örebro University Hospital & Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- The Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Shahram Bahmanyar
- The Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Centre for Pharmacoepidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Brus
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Örebro University Hospital & Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Oula Hussein
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Örebro University Hospital & Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Paraskevi Kosma
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Neonatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bernstein RM, Dominy NJ. Mount Pinatubo, Inflammatory Cytokines, and the Immunological Ecology of Aeta Hunter-Gatherers. Hum Biol 2013; 85:231-50. [DOI: 10.3378/027.085.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of a mother's nutrition from preconception through lactation in programming the emerging organ systems and homeostatic pathways of her offspring. The developing immune system may be particularly vulnerable. Indeed, examples of nutrition-mediated immune programming can be found in the literature on intra-uterine growth retardation, maternal micronutrient deficiencies, and infant feeding. Current models of immune ontogeny depict a "layered" expansion of increasingly complex defenses, which may be permanently altered by maternal malnutrition. One programming mechanism involves activation of the maternal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in response to nutritional stress. Fetal or neonatal exposure to elevated stress hormones is linked in animal studies to permanent changes in neuroendocrine-immune interactions, with diverse manifestations such as an attenuated inflammatory response or reduced resistance to tumor colonization. Maternal malnutrition may also have a direct influence, as evidenced by nutrient-driven epigenetic changes to developing T regulatory cells and subsequent risk of allergy or asthma. A 3rd programming pathway involves placental or breast milk transfer of maternal immune factors with immunomodulatory functions (e.g. cytokines). Maternal malnutrition can directly affect transfer mechanisms or influence the quality or quantity of transferred factors. The public health implications of nutrition-mediated immune programming are of particular importance in the developing world, where prevalent maternal undernutrition is coupled with persistent infectious challenges. However, early alterations to the immune system, resulting from either nutritional deficiencies or excesses, have broad relevance for immune-mediated diseases, such as asthma, and chronic inflammatory conditions like cardiovascular disease.
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Holmlund U, Amoudruz P, Johansson MA, Haileselassie Y, Ongoiba A, Kayentao K, Traoré B, Doumbo S, Schollin J, Doumbo O, Montgomery SM, Sverremark-Ekström E. Maternal country of origin, breast milk characteristics and potential influences on immunity in offspring. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 162:500-9. [PMID: 20942805 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2010.04275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast milk contains pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines with potential to influence immunological maturation in the child. We have shown previously that country of birth is associated with the cytokine/chemokine profile of breast milk. In this study we have investigated how these differences in breast milk affect the cellular response of cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs, cell line HT-29) to microbial challenge. Ninety-five women were included: 30 from Mali in West Africa, 32 Swedish immigrants and 33 native Swedish women. CBMCs or IECs were stimulated in vitro with breast milk, alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or peptidoglycan (PGN). Breast milk in general abrogated the LPS-induced down-regulation of surface CD14 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 expression on CB monocytes, while inhibiting the PGN-induced TLR-2 up-regulation. However, breast milk from immigrant women together with LPS induced a lower CBMC release of interleukin (IL)-6 (P = 0·034) and CXCL-8/IL-8 (P = 0·037) compared with breast milk from Swedish women, while breast milk from Swedish women and Mali women tended to increase the response. The same pattern of CXCL-8/IL-8 release could be seen after stimulation of IECs (HT-29). The lower CBMC and IEC (HT-29) responses to microbial compounds by breast milk from immigrant women could be explained by the fact that breast milk from the immigrant group showed a divergent pro- and anti-inflammatory content for CXCL-8/IL-8, transforming growth factor-β1 and soluble CD14, compared to the other two groups of women. This may have implications for maturation of their children's immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Holmlund
- Department of Immunology, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Peroni DG, Pescollderungg L, Piacentini GL, Rigotti E, Maselli M, Watschinger K, Piazza M, Pigozzi R, Boner AL. Immune regulatory cytokines in the milk of lactating women from farming and urban environments. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010; 21:977-82. [PMID: 20718928 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.00995.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Children living on farms have fewer allergies. It is unclear whether breastfeeding in different environments contributes to preventing allergies by exposing offspring to different cytokines that can modulate immune responses. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare levels of Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the colostrum and mature milk of mothers living in towns at sea level (references) and mothers on farms. Milk samples were collected within 3 days postpartum (colostrum) and at the first month of the baby's life (mature milk). Sixty-nine reference mothers and 45 farm mothers participated in the study. TGF-beta1 concentrations were significantly higher both in the colostrum (p < 0.05) and in mature milk (p < 0.05) of farm mothers. In the reference mothers, a significant decrease in TGF-beta1 concentrations was observed between colostrum (650, range 0-8000 pg/ml) and mature milk (250, range 0-8000 pg/ml) (p < 0.05). In farm mothers, TGF-beta1 concentrations were 1102 pg/ml (range 0-14,500) in colostrum and remained high in mature milk (821 pg/ml, range 0-14,650). IL-10 concentrations were higher in the mature milk of farm mothers (p < 0.05). No significant differences in IL-10 were observed between colostrum and mature milk in the control group (15 pg/ml, range 0-1800, and 0 pg/ml, range 0-230) or in farm mothers (9.5 pg/ml, range 0-1775, and 14.2 pg/ml, range 0-930), respectively. Exposure to a farm environment is associated with higher concentrations of TGF-beta1 and IL-10 in breast milk when compared to exposure to an urban environment. Higher cytokine concentrations in breast milk may influence early modulation of the development of an immune response, leading to a reduced prevalence of allergy-related diseases in farm children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego G Peroni
- Paediatric Department, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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