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Denton KK, Kendal JR, Ihara Y, Feldman MW. Cultural niche construction with application to fertility control: A model for education and social transmission of contraceptive use. Theor Popul Biol 2023; 153:1-14. [PMID: 37321354 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of a cultural trait may be affected by niche construction, or changes in the selective environment of that trait due to the inheritance of other cultural traits that make up a cultural background. This study investigates the evolution of a cultural trait, such as the acceptance of the idea of contraception, that is both vertically and horizontally transmitted within a homogeneous social network. Individuals may conform to the norm, and adopters of the trait have fewer progeny than others. In addition, adoption of this trait is affected by a vertically transmitted aspect of the cultural background, such as the preference for high or low levels of education. Our model shows that such cultural niche construction can facilitate the spread of traits with low Darwinian fitness while providing an environment that counteracts conformity to norms. In addition, niche construction can facilitate the 'demographic transition' by making reduced fertility socially accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleda K Denton
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America.
| | - Jeremy R Kendal
- University of Durham, Department of Anthropology, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Yasuo Ihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Marcus W Feldman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America.
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2
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Garay J, Csiszár V, Móri TF. Subsistence of sib altruism in different mating systems and Haldane's arithmetic. J Theor Biol 2023; 557:111330. [PMID: 36279958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The moral rule "Risk your life to save your family members" is, at the same time, a biological phenomenon. The prominent population geneticist, J.B.S. Haldane told his friends that he would risk his life to save two drowning brothers, but not one - so the story goes. In biological terms, Haldane's arithmetic claims that sib altruism is evolutionarily rational, whenever by "self-sacrifice" an altruistic gene "rescues", on average, more than one copy of itself in its lineage. Here, we derive conditions for evolutionary stability of sib altruism, using population genetic models for three mating systems (monogamy, promiscuity and polygyny) with linear and non-linear group effect on the siblings' survival rate. We show that for all considered selection situations, the condition of evolutionary stability is equivalent to Haldane's arithmetic. The condition for evolutionary stability is formulated in terms of genetic relatedness and the group effect on the survival probability, similarly to the classical Hamilton's rule. We can set up a "scale of mating systems", since in pairwise interactions the chance of evolutionary stability of sib altruism decreases in this order: monogamy, polygyny and promiscuity. Practice of marrying and siblings' solidarity are moral rules in a secular world and in various religious traditions. These moral rules are not evolutionarily independent, in the sense that the subsistence of sib altruism is more likely in a monogamous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Garay
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Evolution, Konkoly-Thege M. út, 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary; MTA-ELTE Research Group in Theoretical Biology and Evolutionary Ecology and Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Villő Csiszár
- Department of Probability Theory and Statistics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás F Móri
- Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics, Reáltanoda u. 13-15, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Gillet EM, Gregorius HR. Effects of reproductive resource allocation and pollen density on fertilization success in plants. BMC Ecol 2020; 20:26. [PMID: 32359373 PMCID: PMC7208091 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Declining resources due to climate change may endanger the persistence of populations by reducing fecundity and thus population fitness via effects on gamete production. The optimal mode of generative reproduction allocates the limited resources to ovule and pollen production in proportions that maximize the number of fertilized ovules in the population. In order to locate this optimum and derive reproduction modes that compensate for declined resources to maintain reproductive success, a model of gamete production, pollen dispersal, and ovule fertilization is developed. Specification of opportunities for compensation is given priority over specification of physiological or evolutionary mechanisms of adaptation. Thus model parameters summarize gametic production resources, resource investment per gamete, resource allocation as proportion of resources invested in ovules, and pollen density as size of the pollen dispersal range and proportion of pollen retained within the range. Retained pollen disperses randomly, and an ovule is fertilized if at least one pollen settles on its surface. The outcome is the expected number of fertilized ovules. RESULTS Maximization of fertilization success is found to require the investment of more gametic production resources in ovules than in pollen, irrespective of the parameter values. Resource decline can be compensated by adjusting the resource allocation if the maximum expected number of fertilized ovules after the decline is not less than the expected number the population experienced before the decline. Compensation is also possible under some conditions by increasing the pollen density, either by raising a low pollen retention or by shrinking the dispersal range. CONCLUSION Fertilization success in populations affected by resource decline may be maintainable by adjustment of the sexual allocation of gametic production resources or by increasing pollen density. The results have implications for insect pollination, sexual allocation bias, management measures, and metapopulation fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M. Gillet
- Forstgenetik und Forstpflanzenzüchtung. Fakultät Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie, Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Rolf Gregorius
- Forstgenetik und Forstpflanzenzüchtung. Fakultät Forstwissenschaften und Waldökologie, Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institut für ökologische und Populationsgenetik (IPOEG), Am Pfingstanger 58, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Sérgio A, Schimit P. Interaction characteristics as evolutionary features for the spatial Prisoner’s Dilemma in a population modeled by continuous probabilistic cellular automata and evolutionary algorithm. ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2020.100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Svensson EI, Connallon T. How frequency-dependent selection affects population fitness, maladaptation and evolutionary rescue. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1243-1258. [PMID: 31417612 PMCID: PMC6691226 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequency-dependent (FD) selection is a central process maintaining genetic variation and mediating evolution of population fitness. FD selection has attracted interest from researchers in a wide range of biological subdisciplines, including evolutionary genetics, behavioural ecology and, more recently, community ecology. However, the implications of frequency dependence for applied biological problems, particularly maladaptation, biological conservation and evolutionary rescue remain underexplored. The neglect of FD selection in conservation is particularly unfortunate. Classical theory, dating back to the 1940s, demonstrated that frequency dependence can either increase or decrease population fitness. These evolutionary consequences of FD selection are relevant to modern concerns about population persistence and the capacity of evolution to alleviate extinction risks. But exactly when should we expect FD selection to increase versus decrease absolute fitness and population growth? And how much of an impact is FD selection expected to have on population persistence versus extinction in changing environments? The answers to these questions have implications for evolutionary rescue under climate change and may inform strategies for managing threatened populations. Here, we revisit the core theory of FD selection, reviewing classical single-locus models of population genetic change and outlining short- and long-run consequences of FD selection for the evolution of population fitness. We then develop a quantitative genetic model of evolutionary rescue in a deteriorating environment, with population persistence hinging upon the evolution of a quantitative trait subject to both frequency-dependent and frequency-independent natural selection. We discuss the empirical literature pertinent to this theory, which supports key assumptions of our model. We show that FD selection can promote population persistence when it aligns with the direction of frequency-independent selection imposed by abiotic environmental conditions. However, under most scenarios of environmental change, FD selection limits a population's evolutionary responsiveness to changing conditions and narrows the rate of environmental change that is evolutionarily tolerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik I. Svensson
- Evolutionary Ecology UnitDepartment of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Tim Connallon
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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Garay J, Garay BM, Varga Z, Csiszár V, Móri TF. To save or not to save your family member's life? Evolutionary stability of self-sacrificing life history strategy in monogamous sexual populations. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:147. [PMID: 31324139 PMCID: PMC6642471 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the understanding of human nature, the evolutionary roots of human moral behaviour are a key precondition. Our question is as follows: Can the altruistic moral rule "Risk your life to save your family members, if you want them to save your life" be evolutionary stable? There are three research approaches to investigate this problem: kin selection, group selection and population genetics modelling. The present study is strictly based on the last approach. RESULTS We consider monogamous and exogamous families, where at an autosomal locus, dominant-recessive alleles determine the phenotypes in a sexual population. Since all individuals' survival rate is determined by their altruistic family members, we introduce a new population genetics model based on the mating table approach and adapt the verbal definition of evolutionary stability to genotypes. In general, when the resident is recessive, a homozygote is an evolutionarily stable genotype (ESG), if the number of survivors of the resident genotype of the resident homozygote family is greater than that of non-resident heterozygote survivors of the family of the resident homozygote and mutant heterozygote genotypes. Using the introduced genotype dynamics we proved that in the recessive case ESG implies local stability of the altruistic genotype. We apply our general ESG conditions for self-sacrificing life history strategy when the number of new-born offspring does not depend on interactions within the family and the interactions are additive. We find that in this case our ESG conditions give back Hamilton's rule for evolutionary stability of the self-sacrificing life history strategy. CONCLUSIONS In spite of the fact that the kidney transplantations was not a selection factor during the earlier human evolution, nowadays "self-sacrificing" can be observed in the live donor kidney transplantations, when the donor is one of the family members. It seems that selection for self-sacrificing in family produced an innate moral tendency in modulating social cognition in human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Garay
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Evolutionary Systems Research Group, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3, Tihany, H-8237, Hungary. .,MTA-ELTE Research Group in Theoretical Biology and Evolutionary Ecology and Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary.
| | - Barnabás M Garay
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Práter u. 50/A, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Department of Mathematics, Szent István University, Páter K. u. 1, Gödöllő, H-2103, Hungary
| | - Villő Csiszár
- Department of Probability Theory and Statistics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Tamás F Móri
- Department of Probability Theory and Statistics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. s. 1/C, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
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Yao Y, Storme V, Marchal K, Van de Peer Y. Emergent adaptive behaviour of GRN-controlled simulated robots in a changing environment. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2812. [PMID: 28028477 PMCID: PMC5180581 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a bio-inspired robot controller combining an artificial genome with an agent-based control system. The genome encodes a gene regulatory network (GRN) that is switched on by environmental cues and, following the rules of transcriptional regulation, provides output signals to actuators. Whereas the genome represents the full encoding of the transcriptional network, the agent-based system mimics the active regulatory network and signal transduction system also present in naturally occurring biological systems. Using such a design that separates the static from the conditionally active part of the gene regulatory network contributes to a better general adaptive behaviour. Here, we have explored the potential of our platform with respect to the evolution of adaptive behaviour, such as preying when food becomes scarce, in a complex and changing environment and show through simulations of swarm robots in an A-life environment that evolution of collective behaviour likely can be attributed to bio-inspired evolutionary processes acting at different levels, from the gene and the genome to the individual robot and robot population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Kathleen Marchal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Information Technology, iMinds, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Genetics, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yves Van de Peer
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Genetics, Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Liberman U, Behar H, Feldman MW. Evolution of reduced mutation under frequency-dependent selection. Theor Popul Biol 2016; 112:52-59. [PMID: 27568577 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Most models for the evolution of mutation under frequency-dependent selection involve some form of host-parasite interaction. These generally involve cyclic dynamics under which mutation may increase. Here we show that the reduction principle for the evolution of mutation, which is generally true for frequency-independent selection, also holds under frequency-dependent selection on haploids and diploids that does not involve cyclic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Liberman
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Hilla Behar
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, United States.
| | - Marcus W Feldman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, United States.
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9
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Spencer HG, Priest NK. The Evolution of Sex-Specific Dominance in Response to Sexually Antagonistic Selection. Am Nat 2016; 187:658-66. [DOI: 10.1086/685827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Population geneticists have long been interested in the ability of natural selection to maintain the levels of standing variation observed in natural populations. Here, we study the polymorphism-maintaining properties of maternal selection, in which the fitness of an individual is a function of its own and its mother’s genotype. Using a model proposed by Gavrilets, we first estimate the proportion of parameter/state space that preserves allelic variation, before investigating the construction of polymorphism over time through the joint action of mutation and selection. These two methods, the “parameter-space” and “constructionist” approaches, respectively, enable us to draw some general conclusions. We argue that, even though the proportion of parameter-state space allowing multiallele polymorphism is greater under maternal selection than under the standard model of constant viability selection, the former is, in fact, less likely to maintain large numbers of alleles. Nevertheless, variation that is balanced by maternal selection is likely to show elements of heterozygous advantage and be resistant to depletion by genetic drift. We observe that the population mean fitness frequently decreases after the successful invasion of a new mutation, but such declines are usually temporary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Desjardins-Proulx
- Canada Research Chair on Terrestrial Ecosystems, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographique, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Québec G5L 3A1, Canada.
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13
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Van Cleve J, Feldman MW. Sex-specific viability, sex linkage and dominance in genomic imprinting. Genetics 2007; 176:1101-18. [PMID: 17435253 PMCID: PMC1894577 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.107.071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Accepted: 04/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a phenomenon by which the expression of an allele at a locus depends on the parent of origin. Two different two-locus evolutionary models are presented in which a second locus modifies the imprinting status of the primary locus, which is under differential selection in males and females. In the first model, a modifier allele that imprints the primary locus invades the population when the average dominance coefficient among females and males is >12 and selection is weak. The condition for invasion is always heavily contingent upon the extent of dominance. Imprinting is more likely in the sex experiencing weaker selection only under some parameter regimes, whereas imprinting by either sex is equally likely under other regimes. The second model shows that a modifier allele that induces imprinting will increase when imprinting has a direct selective advantage. The results are not qualitatively dependent on whether the modifier locus is autosomal or X linked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Van Cleve
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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14
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Champagnat N, Lambert A. Evolution of discrete populations and the canonical diffusion of adaptive dynamics. ANN APPL PROBAB 2007. [DOI: 10.1214/105051606000000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Waxman D, Gavrilets S. Issues of terminology, gradient dynamics and the ease of sympatric speciation in Adaptive Dynamics. J Evol Biol 2006; 18:1214-9. [PMID: 16135117 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Waxman
- Centre for the Study of Evolution, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, Sussex, UK.
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