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Calabrese A, Weeks SC. Testing a behavioral model for the maintenance of androdioecy as a result of sexual conflict in the clam shrimp
Eulimnadia dahli. Ethology 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sun X, Cheng J. Phylogenetic Signal Dissection of Heterogeneous 28S and 16S rRNA Genes in Spinicaudata (Branchiopoda, Diplostraca). Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1705. [PMID: 34828311 PMCID: PMC8625258 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still a challenge to reconstruct the deep phylogenetic relationships within spinicaudatans, and there are several different competing hypotheses regarding the interrelationships among Eocyzicidae, Cyzicidae s. s., Leptestheriidae, and Limnadiidae of the Suborder Spinicaudata. In order to explore the source of the inconsistencies, we focus on the sequence variation and the structure model of two rRNA genes based on extensive taxa sampling. The comparative sequence analysis revealed heterogeneity across species and the existence of conserved motifs in all spinicaudatan species. The level of intraspecific heterogeneity differed among species, which suggested that some species might have undergone a relaxed concerted evolution with respect to the 28S rRNA gene. The Bayesian analyses were performed on nuclear (28S rRNA, EF1α) and mitochondrial (16S rRNA, COI) genes. Further, we investigated compositional heterogeneity between lineages and assessed the potential for phylogenetic noise compared to signal in the combined data set. Reducing the non-phylogenetic signals and application of optimal rRNA model recovered a topology congruent with inference from the transcriptome data, whereby Limnadiidae was placed as a sister group to Leptestheriidae + Eocyzicidae with high support (topology I). Tests of alternative hypotheses provided implicit support for four competing topologies, and topology I was the best.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinhui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology and Center for Excellence in Life and Palaeoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 39, Beijing Eastroad, Nanjing 210008, China;
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Knigge T, LeBlanc GA, Ford AT. A Crab Is Not a Fish: Unique Aspects of the Crustacean Endocrine System and Considerations for Endocrine Toxicology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:587608. [PMID: 33737907 PMCID: PMC7961072 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.587608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustaceans-and arthropods in general-exhibit many unique aspects to their physiology. These include the requirement to moult (ecdysis) in order to grow and reproduce, the ability to change color, and multiple strategies for sexual differentiation. Accordingly, the endocrine regulation of these processes involves hormones, receptors, and enzymes that differ from those utilized by vertebrates and other non-arthropod invertebrates. As a result, environmental chemicals known to disrupt endocrine processes in vertebrates are often not endocrine disruptors in crustaceans; while, chemicals that disrupt endocrine processes in crustaceans are often not endocrine disruptors in vertebrates. In this review, we present an overview of the evolution of the endocrine system of crustaceans, highlight endocrine endpoints known to be a target of disruption by chemicals, and identify other components of endocrine signaling that may prove to be targets of disruption. This review highlights that crustaceans need to be evaluated for endocrine disruption with consideration of their unique endocrine system and not with consideration of the endocrine system of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Knigge
- Normandy University, FR CNRS 3730 SCALE, UMR-I 02 INERIS-URCA-ULH Environmental Stress and Aquatic Biomonitoring (SEBIO), Université Le Havre Normandie, Le Havre, France
- *Correspondence: Thomas Knigge,
| | - Gerald A. LeBlanc
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Alex T. Ford
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Levy T, Ventura T, De Leo G, Grinshpan N, Abu Abayed FA, Manor R, Savaya A, Sklarz MY, Chalifa-Caspi V, Mishmar D, Sagi A. Two Homogametic Genotypes - One Crayfish: On the Consequences of Intersexuality. iScience 2020; 23:101652. [PMID: 33103088 PMCID: PMC7578757 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Australian redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus (WZ/ZZ system), intersexuals, although exhibiting both male and female gonopores, are functional males bearing a female genotype (WZ males). Therefore, the occurrence of the unusual homogametic WW females in nature is plausible. We developed W/Z genomic sex markers and used them to investigate the genotypic structure of experimental and native C. quadricarinatus populations in Australia. We discovered, for the first time, the natural occurrence of WW females in crustacean populations. By modeling population dynamics, we found that intersexuals contribute to the growth rate of crayfish populations in the short term. Given the vastly fragmented C. quadricarinatus habitat, which is characterized by drought-flood cycles, we speculate that intersexuals contribute to the fitness of this species since they lead to occasional increment in the population growth rate which potentially supports crayfish population restoration and establishment under extinction threats or colonization events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Levy
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Tomer Ventura
- GenEcology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4558, Australia
| | - Giulio De Leo
- Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
| | - Nufar Grinshpan
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Faiza Amterat Abu Abayed
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Rivka Manor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Amit Savaya
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Menachem Y. Sklarz
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Vered Chalifa-Caspi
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Dan Mishmar
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Amir Sagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Baldwin-Brown JG, Long AD. Genomic Signatures of Local Adaptation in Clam Shrimp (Eulimnadia texana) from Natural Vernal Pools. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:1194-1206. [PMID: 32539143 PMCID: PMC7486962 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vernal pools are unique in their isolation and the strong selection acting on their resident species. Vernal pool clam shrimp (Eulimnadia texana) are a promising model due to ease of culturing, short generation time, small genomes, and obligate desiccated diapaused eggs. Clam shrimp are also androdioecious (sexes include males and hermaphrodites), and here we use population-scaled recombination rates to support the hypothesis that the heterogametic sex is recombination free in these shrimp. We collected short-read sequence data from pooled samples from different vernal pools to gain insights into local adaptation. We identify genomic regions in which some populations have allele frequencies that differ significantly from the metapopulation. BayPass (Gautier M. 2015. Genome-wide scan for adaptive divergence and association with population-specific covariates. Genetics 201(4):1555-1579.) detected 19 such genomic regions showing an excess of population subdivision. These regions on average are 550 bp in size and had 2.5 genes within 5 kb of them. Genes located near these regions are involved in Malpighian tubule function and osmoregulation, an essential function in vernal pools. It is likely that salinity profiles vary between pools and over time, and variants at these genes are adapted to local salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony D Long
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine
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Baldwin-Brown JG, Weeks SC, Long AD. A New Standard for Crustacean Genomes: The Highly Contiguous, Annotated Genome Assembly of the Clam Shrimp Eulimnadia texana Reveals HOX Gene Order and Identifies the Sex Chromosome. Genome Biol Evol 2018; 10:143-156. [PMID: 29294012 PMCID: PMC5765565 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vernal pool clam shrimp (Eulimnadia texana) are a promising model system due to their ease of lab culture, short generation time, modest sized genome, a somewhat rare stable androdioecious sex determination system, and a requirement to reproduce via desiccated diapaused eggs. We generated a highly contiguous genome assembly using 46× of PacBio long read data and 216× of Illumina short reads, and annotated using Illumina RNAseq obtained from adult males or hermaphrodites. Of the 120 Mb genome 85% is contained in the largest eight contigs, the smallest of which is 4.6 Mb. The assembly contains 98% of transcripts predicted via RNAseq. This assembly is qualitatively different from scaffolded Illumina assemblies: It is produced from long reads that contain sequence data along their entire length, and is thus gap free. The contiguity of the assembly allows us to order the HOX genes within the genome, identifying two loci that contain HOX gene orthologs, and which approximately maintain the order observed in other arthropods. We identified a partial duplication of the Antennapedia complex adjacent to the few genes homologous to the Bithorax locus. Because the sex chromosome of an androdioecious species is of special interest, we used existing allozyme and microsatellite markers to identify the E. texana sex chromosome, and find that it comprises nearly half of the genome of this species. Linkage patterns indicate that recombination is extremely rare and perhaps absent in hermaphrodites, and as a result the location of the sex determining locus will be difficult to refine using recombination mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony D Long
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Irvine
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Temperature effects on life history traits of two sympatric branchiopods from an ephemeral wetland. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179449. [PMID: 28654929 PMCID: PMC5487261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature effects on organisms are of multiple scientific interests, such as for their life history performance and for the study of evolutionary strategies. We have cultured two sympatric branchiopod species from an ephemeral pond in northern Taiwan, Branchinella kugenumaensis and Eulimnadia braueriana, and compared their hatching rate, maturation time, sex ratio, growth of body length, survivorship, clutch size, net reproductive rate R0, generation time TG, and intrinsic rate of natural increase r in relation to temperature (15, 20, 25 and 30°C). We found that E. braueriana had a significantly higher temperature-dependent fecundity and intrinsic population growth pattern (R0 and r). In contrast, B. kugenumaensis reproduced much slower than E. braueriana with much lower R0 (90–100 folds less) and r (about 10 folds less) at 15, 20 and 25°C and with a double as long TG at 20 and 25°C. In addition, E. braueriana increased its chance of hermaphroditic sexual reproductive mode at higher temperature because of a significantly delayed maturation of males from hermaphrodites. In contrast, B. kugenumaensis showed no significant change in reproductive mode with temperature. This is the first study indicating a significant differentiation in life history parameters of two sympatric branchiopods mediated by temperature.
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Horn RL, Cowley DE. Self-Fertilization and the Role of Males in Populations of Tadpole Shrimp (Branchiopoda: Notostraca:Triops). J Hered 2016; 107:518-26. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esw040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Transition in sexual system and sex chromosome evolution in the tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis. Heredity (Edinb) 2015; 115:37-46. [PMID: 25757406 PMCID: PMC4815504 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transitions in sexual system and reproductive mode may affect the course of sex chromosome evolution, for instance by altering the strength of sexually antagonistic selection. However, there have been few studies of sex chromosomes in systems where such transitions have been documented. The European tadpole shrimp, Triops cancriformis, has undergone a transition from dioecy to androdioecy (a sexual system where hermaphrodites and males coexist), offering an excellent opportunity to test the impact of this transition on the evolution of sex chromosomes. To identify sex-linked markers, to understand mechanisms of sex determination and to investigate differences between sexual systems, we carried out a genome-wide association study using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) of 47 males, females and hermaphrodites from one dioecious and one androdioecious population. We analysed 22.9 Gb of paired-end sequences and identified and scored >3000 high coverage novel genomic RAD markers. Presence–absence of markers, single-nucleotide polymorphism association and read depth identified 52 candidate sex-linked markers. We show that sex is genetically determined in T. cancriformis, with a ZW system conserved across dioecious and androdioecious populations and that hermaphrodites have likely evolved from females. We also show that the structure of the sex chromosomes differs strikingly, with a larger sex-linked region in the dioecious population compared with the androdioecious population.
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Weeks SC, Benvenuto C, Reed SK, Duff RJ, Duan ZH, David P. A field test of a model for the stability of androdioecy in the freshwater shrimp, Eulimnadia texana. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:2080-95. [PMID: 25145977 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of hermaphroditism from dioecy is a poorly studied transition. Androdioecy (the coexistence of males and hermaphrodites) has been suggested as an intermediate step in this evolutionary transition or could be a stable reproductive mode. Freshwater crustaceans in the genus Eulimnadia have reproduced via androdioecy for 24+ million years and thus are excellent organisms to test models of the stability of androdioecy. Two related models that allow for the stable maintenance of males and hermaphrodites rely on the counterbalancing of three life history parameters. We tested these models in the field over three field seasons and compared the results to previous laboratory estimates of these three parameters. Male and hermaphroditic ratios within years were not well predicted using either the simpler original model or a version of this model updated to account for differences between hermaphroditic types ('monogenic' and 'amphigenic' hermaphrodites). Using parameter estimates of the previous year to predict the next year's sex ratios revealed a much better fit to the original relative to the updated version of the model. Therefore, counter to expectations, accounting for differences between the two hermaphroditic types did not improve the fit of these models. At the moment, we lack strong evidence that the long-term maintenance of androdioecy in these crustaceans is the result of a balancing of life history parameters; other factors, such as metapopulation dynamics or evolutionary constraints, may better explain the 24+ million year maintenance of androdioecy in clam shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Weeks
- Integrated Bioscience Program, Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA
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Ellis RE, Lin SY. The evolutionary origins and consequences of self-fertility in nematodes. F1000PRIME REPORTS 2014; 6:62. [PMID: 25165561 PMCID: PMC4126538 DOI: 10.12703/p6-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Self-fertile hermaphrodites have evolved from male/female ancestors in many nematode species, and this transition occurred on three independent occasions in the genus Caenorhabditis. Genetic analyses in Caenorhabditis show that the origin of hermaphrodites required two types of changes: alterations to the sex-determination pathway that allowed otherwise female animals to make sperm during larval development, and the production of signals from the gonad that caused these sperm to activate and fertilize oocytes. Comparisons of C. elegans and C. briggsae hermaphrodites show that the ancestral sex-determination pathway has been altered in multiple unique ways. Some of these changes must have precipitated the production of sperm in XX animals, and others were modifying mutations that increased the efficiency of hermaphroditic reproduction. Reverse genetic experiments show that XX animals acquired the ability to activate sperm by co-opting one of the two redundant pathways that normally work in males. Finally, the adoption of a hermaphroditic lifestyle had profound effects on ecological and sexual interactions and genomic organization. Thus, nematode mating systems are ideal for elucidating the origin of novel traits, and studying the influence of developmental processes on evolutionary change.
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Weeks SC, Brantner JS, Astrop TI, Ott DW, Rabet N. The Evolution of Hermaphroditism from Dioecy in Crustaceans: Selfing Hermaphroditism Described in a Fourth Spinicaudatan Genus. Evol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-013-9265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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De Vos S, Bossier P, Van Stappen G, Vercauteren I, Sorgeloos P, Vuylsteke M. A first AFLP-based genetic linkage map for brine shrimp Artemia franciscana and its application in mapping the sex locus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57585. [PMID: 23469207 PMCID: PMC3587612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the construction of sex-specific linkage maps, the identification of sex-linked markers and the genome size estimation for the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Overall, from the analysis of 433 AFLP markers segregating in a 112 full-sib family we identified 21 male and 22 female linkage groups (2n = 42), covering 1,041 and 1,313 cM respectively. Fifteen putatively homologous linkage groups, including the sex linkage groups, were identified between the female and male linkage map. Eight sex-linked AFLP marker alleles were inherited from the female parent, supporting the hypothesis of a WZ-ZZ sex-determining system. The haploid Artemia genome size was estimated to 0.93 Gb by flow cytometry. The produced Artemia linkage maps provide the basis for further fine mapping and exploring of the sex-determining region and are a possible marker resource for mapping genomic loci underlying phenotypic differences among Artemia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie De Vos
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Gilbert Van Stappen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ilse Vercauteren
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sorgeloos
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Artemia Reference Center (ARC), Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Marnik Vuylsteke
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Mathers TC, Hammond RL, Jenner RA, Zierold T, Hänfling B, Gómez A. High lability of sexual system over 250 million years of evolution in morphologically conservative tadpole shrimps. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:30. [PMID: 23384124 PMCID: PMC3585860 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual system is a key factor affecting the genetic diversity, population structure, genome structure and the evolutionary potential of species. The sexual system androdioecy - where males and hermaphrodites coexist in populations - is extremely rare, yet is found in three crustacean groups, barnacles, a genus of clam shrimps Eulimnadia, and in the order Notostraca, the tadpole shrimps. In the ancient crustacean order Notostraca, high morphological conservatism contrasts with a wide diversity of sexual systems, including androdioecy. An understanding of the evolution of sexual systems in this group has been hampered by poor phylogenetic resolution and confounded by the widespread occurrence of cryptic species. Here we use a multigene supermatrix for 30 taxa to produce a comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction of Notostraca. Based on this phylogenetic reconstruction we use character mapping techniques to investigate the evolution of sexual systems. We also tested the hypothesis that reproductive assurance has driven the evolution of androdioecy in Notostraca. RESULTS Character mapping analysis showed that sexual system is an extremely flexible trait within Notostraca, with repeated shifts between gonochorism and androdioecy, the latter having evolved a minimum of five times. In agreement with the reproductive assurance hypothesis androdioecious notostracans are found at significantly higher latitudes than gonochoric ones indicating that post glacial re-colonisation may have selected for the higher colonisation ability conferred by androdioecy. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to their conserved morphology, sexual system in Notostraca is highly labile and the rare reproductive mode androdioecy has evolved repeatedly within the order. Furthermore, we conclude that this lability of sexual system has been maintained for at least 250 million years and may have contributed to the long term evolutionary persistence of Notostraca. Our results further our understanding of the evolution of androdioecy and indicate that reproductive assurance is a recurrent theme involved in the evolution of this sexual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Mathers
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Robert L Hammond
- Department of Biology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Ronald A Jenner
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
| | - Thorid Zierold
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
- Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz, Moritzstrasse 20, D-09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Bernd Hänfling
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Africa Gómez
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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Weeks SC, Sanderson TF, Wallace BF, Bagatto B. Behavioral Cost of Reproduction in a Freshwater Crustacean (Eulimnadia texana). Ethology 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Abbott JK. Intra-locus sexual conflict and sexually antagonistic genetic variation in hermaphroditic animals. Proc Biol Sci 2010; 278:161-9. [PMID: 20719776 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-locus sexual conflict results when sex-specific selection pressures for a given trait act against the intra-sexual genetic correlation for that trait. It has been found in a wide variety of taxa in both laboratory and natural populations, but the importance of intra-locus sexual conflict and sexually antagonistic genetic variation in hermaphroditic organisms has rarely been considered. This is not so surprising given the conceptual and theoretical association of intra-locus sexual conflict with sexual dimorphism, but there is no a priori reason why intra-locus sexual conflict cannot occur in hermaphroditic organisms as well. Here, I discuss the potential for intra-locus sexual conflict in hermaphroditic animals and review the available evidence for such conflict, and for the existence of sexually antagonistic genetic variation in hermaphrodites. I argue that mutations with asymmetric effects are particularly likely to be important in mediating sexual antagonism in hermaphroditic organisms. Moreover, sexually antagonistic genetic variation is likely to play an important role in inter-individual variation in sex allocation and in transitions to and from gonochorism (separate sexes) in simultaneous hermaphrodites. I also describe how sequential hermaphrodites may experience a unique form of intra-locus sexual conflict via antagonistic pleiotropy. Finally, I conclude with some suggestions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Abbott
- Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, , Norbyvägen 18D, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden.
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