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Morticelli L, Magdei M, Tschalaki N, Petersen B, Haverich A, Hilfiker A. Generation of glycans depleted decellularized porcine pericardium, using digestive enzymatic supplements and enzymatic mixtures for food industry. Xenotransplantation 2021; 28:e12705. [PMID: 34227157 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenogeneic pericardium has been used largely for various applications in cardiovascular surgery. Nevertheless, xenogeneic pericardial patches fail mainly due to their antigenic components. The xenoantigens identified as playing a major role in recipient immune response are the Galα1-3Gal (α-Gal) epitope, the non-human sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), and the porcine SDa antigen, associated with both proteins and lipids. The reduction in glycans from porcine pericardium might hinder or reduce the immunogenicity of xenogeneic scaffolds. METHODS Decellularized porcine pericardia were further treated at different time points and dilutions with digestive enzymatic supplements and enzymatic mixtures applied for food industry, for the removal of potentially immunogenic carbohydrates. Carbohydrates removal was investigated using up to 8 different lectin stains for the identification of N- and O-glycosylations, as well as glycolipids. Histoarchitectural changes in the ECM were assessed using Elastica van Gieson stain, whereas changes in mechanical properties were investigated via uniaxial tensile test and burst pressure test. RESULTS Tissues after enzymatic treatments showed a dramatic decrease in lectin stainings in comparison to tissues which were only decellularized. Histological assessment revealed cell-nuclei removal after decellularization. Some of the enzymatic treatments induced elastic lamellae disruption. Tissue strength decreased after enzymatic treatment; however, treated tissues showed values of burst pressure higher than physiological transvalvular pressures. CONCLUSIONS The application of these enzymatic treatments for tissue deglycosylation is totally novel, low cost, and appears to be very efficient for glycan removal. The immunogenic potential of treated tissues will be further investigated in subsequent studies, in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Morticelli
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mikhail Magdei
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Negin Tschalaki
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Petersen
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Mariensee, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andres Hilfiker
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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2
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Virion Z, Doly S, Saha K, Lambert M, Guillonneau F, Bied C, Duke RM, Rudd PM, Robbe-Masselot C, Nassif X, Coureuil M, Marullo S. Sialic acid mediated mechanical activation of β 2 adrenergic receptors by bacterial pili. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4752. [PMID: 31628314 PMCID: PMC6800425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12685-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningococcus utilizes β-arrestin selective activation of endothelial cell β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) to cause meningitis in humans. Molecular mechanisms of receptor activation by the pathogen and of its species selectivity remained elusive. We report that β2AR activation requires two asparagine-branched glycan chains with terminally exposed N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (sialic acid, Neu5Ac) residues located at a specific distance in its N-terminus, while being independent of surrounding amino-acid residues. Meningococcus triggers receptor signaling by exerting direct and hemodynamic-promoted traction forces on β2AR glycans. Similar activation is recapitulated with beads coated with Neu5Ac-binding lectins, submitted to mechanical stimulation. This previously unknown glycan-dependent mode of allosteric mechanical activation of a G protein-coupled receptor contributes to meningococcal species selectivity, since Neu5Ac is only abundant in humans due to the loss of CMAH, the enzyme converting Neu5Ac into N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid in other mammals. It represents an additional mechanism of evolutionary adaptation of a pathogen to its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Virion
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut-Necker-Enfants-Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Doly
- Inserm, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kusumika Saha
- Inserm, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Lambert
- Inserm, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Camille Bied
- Inserm, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca M Duke
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Blackrock, Co., Mount Merrion, Fosters Avenue, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Blackrock, Co., Mount Merrion, Fosters Avenue, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Robbe-Masselot
- CNRS, UMR 8576, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), Université Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Nassif
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut-Necker-Enfants-Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Inserm, U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Institut-Necker-Enfants-Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Stefano Marullo
- Inserm, U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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3
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Abstract
Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis, occurrence, and functions is fascinating and described in this review. Reports from different researchers on apparently similar substances from a variety of biological materials led to the identification of a 9-carbon monosaccharide, which in 1957 was designated "sialic acid." The most frequently occurring member of the sialic acid family is N-acetylneuraminic acid, followed by N-glycolylneuraminic acid and O-acetylated derivatives, and up to now over about 80 neuraminic acid derivatives have been described. They appeared first in the animal kingdom, ranging from echinoderms up to higher animals, in many microorganisms, and are also expressed in insects, but are absent in higher plants. Sialic acids are masks and ligands and play as such dual roles in biology. Their involvement in immunology and tumor biology, as well as in hereditary diseases, cannot be underestimated. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is very special, as this sugar cannot be expressed by humans, but is a xenoantigen with pathogenetic potential. Sialidases (neuraminidases), which liberate sialic acids from cellular compounds, had been known from very early on from studies with influenza viruses. Sialyltransferases, which are responsible for the sialylation of glycans and elongation of polysialic acids, are studied because of their significance in development and, for instance, in cancer. As more information about the functions in health and disease is acquired, the use of sialic acids in the treatment of diseases is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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4
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Blessy JJ, Sharmila DJS. Molecular simulation of N-acetylneuraminic acid analogs and molecular dynamics studies of cholera toxin-Neu5Gc complex. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2014; 33:1126-39. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2014.931825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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5
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Sato T, Serizawa T, Ohtake F, Nakamura M, Terabayashi T, Kawanishi Y, Okahata Y. Quantitative measurements of the interaction between monosialoganglioside monolayers and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) by a quartz-crystal microbalance. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1380:82-92. [PMID: 9545544 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(97)00133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monosialogangliosides (GM1, GM2, GM3 and GM4) were reconstituted in lipid monolayers at the air-water interface. The binding amounts and the initial binding rates of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to the monosialoganglioside monolayers were quantitatively studied by use of a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM). A QCM was horizontally attached to the monolayer from the air phase, and the binding behavior (mass increase) was followed by the frequency decrease of the QCM. WGA binding affinities for the ganglioside monolayers were influenced by hydrophilic head groups of lipid matrices, densities of gangliosides, and sequences of oligosaccharide in gangliosides. Binding of WGA to the gangliosides reconstituted in a phosphatidylcholine (sphingomyelin and distearoylphosphatidylcholine) matrix was strongly suppressed, but not in a neutral glycolipids (GlcCer, GalCer, and LacCer), dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine, and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine matrix. WGA showed high affinity for monolayers containing 20 mol% gangliosides, but only low affinity for 100% ganglioside monolayers. WGA preferably binds to gangliosides in the following sequence: GM3 > GM4 >> GM2 = GM1. No affinities of WGA for GM2 and GM1 were observed. The combined techniques of monolayer and QCM have the advantages of investigating recognition properties of gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sato
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
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6
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Schauer R, Kamerling JP. Chemistry, biochemistry and biology of sialic acids ☆. NEW COMPREHENSIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1997; 29. [PMCID: PMC7147860 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechls-Universität zu Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannis P. Kamerling
- Bijuoet Center, Department of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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7
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Fischer E, Brossmer R. Sialic acid-binding lectins: submolecular specificity and interaction with sialoglycoproteins and tumour cells. Glycoconj J 1995; 12:707-13. [PMID: 8595263 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We examined the specificity of limulin, Limax flavus agglutinin (LFA) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin I (SNA I) at the submolecular level of sialic acid, and characterized their interactions with a panel of structurally distinct sialoglycoproteins. In haemagglutination inhibition assays NeuAc-alpha-glycosides were stronger inhibitors for limulin and LFA than native N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc). The N-acetyl of NeuAc was crucial for binding to both lectins. N-thioacetylated NeuAc lost affinity for LFA, but still bound to limulin. Thus, distinct intermolecular interactions are involved in binding of sialic acid to the lectins. The glyceryl side chain was required for interaction with LFA, but not with limulin. SNA I specifically bound NeuAc alpha 2 --> 6Gal beta 1 --> 4Glc, but not monomeric sialic acids. Limulin and LFA strongly interacted with O-chain glycoproteins, whereas SNA I preferred N-chain proteins that carry NeuAc alpha 2 --> 6 residues. The lectins were compared with those from Cepaea hortensis and Tachypleus tridentatus (TTA) and to wheat-germ agglutinin, and were then used to probe tumour cell lines for cell surface sialylation. With the exception of TTA, all lectins interacted with the tumour cells. Limulin distinguished between the low (Eb) and highly (ESb) metastatic mouse lymphoma lines by selectively agglutinating sialidase-treated ESb cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry II, University of Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
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8
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Sen G, Mandal C. The specificity of the binding site of AchatininH, a sialic acid-binding lectin from Achatina fulica. Carbohydr Res 1995; 268:115-25. [PMID: 7736461 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(94)00311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A sialic acid-binding lectin, AchatininH (ATNH), having unique specificity towards 9-O-acetylneuraminic acid, has been purified and characterized. The specificity of this lectin for O-acetylsialic acids was studied in detail, using various sialic acid derivatives and sialoglycoproteins. The potent inhibition of hemagglutination by bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM), which contains 9(7,8)-O-acetylsialic acid and by free 9-O-acetylneuraminic acid confirms the preferential affinity towards this sugar. Further support for the role of O-acetylsialic acid was obtained by sialidase treatment of BSM. O-Deacetylation of the sialic acid residue abolished its inhibitory potency. Moreover, when the trihydroxypropyl side chain of the sialic acid molecule was modified by periodate-borohydride treatment, the truncated C7-sialic acid was unable to bind ATNH. This result suggests that the glycerol side chain of Neu5Ac, especially the C-8 and/or C-9 portion is an important determinant for ATNH. The hemagglutination-inhibition results using several mono-, di-, and tri-saccharides containing terminal sialic acid and various sialoglycoproteins reveals that ATNH preferentially binds the alpha-(2-->6)-linked sialic acid. Furthermore, beta-D-GlcNAc-(1-->3)-[alpha-NeuGc-(2-->6)]-GalNAc-ol was found to be the best ligand for ATNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sen
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta
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9
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Hubbard S, Walls L, Ruley H, Muchmore E. Generation of Chinese hamster ovary cell glycosylation mutants by retroviral insertional mutagenesis. Integration into a discrete locus generates mutants expressing high levels of N-glycolylneuraminic acid. J Biol Chem 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)41919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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10
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Budd TJ, Dolman CD, Lawson AM, Chai W, Saxton J, Hemming FW. Comparison of the N-glycoloylneuraminic and N-acetylneuraminic acid content of platelets and their precursors using high performance anion exchange chromatography. Glycoconj J 1992; 9:274-8. [PMID: 1490106 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycoloylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) are distributed widely in nature. Using a Carbopac PA-1 anion exchange column, we have determined the ratios of Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc in hydrolysates of platelets and their precursors: a rat promegakaryoblastic (RPM) cell line and a human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line (MEG-01). The ratio of Neu5Gc:Neu5Ac in cultured RPM cells is 16:1, whereas in platelet rich plasma and cultured MEG-01 cells it is 1:38 and 1:28, respectively. The nature of these sialic acids from RPM cells was verified using thin layer chromatography and liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry. The relevance of increased Neu5Gc levels in early stages of development is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Budd
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
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11
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Brossmer R, Wagner M, Fischer E. Specificity of the sialic acid-binding lectin from the snail Cepaea hortensis. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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12
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Shaw L, Yousefi S, Dennis JW, Schauer R. CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase activity determines the wheat germ agglutinin-binding phenotype in two mutants of the lymphoma cell line MDAY-D2. Glycoconj J 1991; 8:434-41. [PMID: 1841685 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The dominant glycosylation mutants of MDAY-D2 mouse lymphoma cells, designated class 2 (D33W25 and D34W25) were selected for their resistance to the toxic effects of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and shown to express elevated levels of Neu5Gc. In accordance with this, the activity of CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase was found to be substantially higher in the mutant cells. The hydroxylase in the D33W25 mutant cells exhibited kinetic properties identical to those of the same enzyme from mouse liver. Growth rate experiments in vivo and in vitro, where the mutant cells grew more slowly at low cell densities in serum-free medium and also formed slower growing tumours in syngeneic mice, indicate that CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase expression may be associated with altered growth of the mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Shaw
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts Universität, Kiel, Germany
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13
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Ghosh S, Lee S, Brown TA, Basu M, Hawes JW, Davidson D, Basu S. Use of exoglycosidases from Mercenaria mercenaria (hard shelled clam) as a tool for structural studies of glycosphingolipids and glycoproteins. Anal Biochem 1991; 196:252-61. [PMID: 1776674 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(91)90462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The hepatopancreatic extract of M. mercenaria (hard shelled clam) was found to be a rich source for at least 16 different glycosidases. These glycosidases were successfully employed for the degradation of oligosaccharides, glycolipids, and glycoproteins at analytical as well as preparative levels. The identified glycosidases differ considerably in their stability profiles with respect to time and temperature of storage and presence of glycerol. However, most of the enzymes show higher activity at pH 4.5 than at pH 7.0, and could be bound on a DEAE CL-6B Sepharose anion-exchange column suggesting similar charge characteristics on the protein surface. A Gal beta 1, 3R linkage-specific beta-galactosidase activity has also been detected in the glycosidase-enriched fraction and has been utilized to obtain quantitative conversion of the ganglioside GM1 to GM2 on a preparative scale. The glycosidase-rich extract does not have detectable protease activity at the pH of optimal glycosidase activity (pH 4.5) and, hence, can be safely used for specific hydrolysis of carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins and glycopeptides. This is the first report to characterize a repertoire of glycosidases from an inexpensive, dependable and convenient source that can be easily employed for compositional studies involving glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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14
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VanderElst I, Dennis JW. N-linked oligosaccharide processing and autocrine stimulation of tumor cell proliferation. Exp Cell Res 1991; 192:612-21. [PMID: 1899075 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(91)90083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations which impair complex-type N-linked oligosaccharide processing and chemical inhibitors of processing have been shown to reduce metastatic potential in several experimental tumor models. In this report, we demonstrate that glycosylation mutants of the metastatic MDAY-D2 tumor cell line with either truncated glycans lacking sialic acid and galactose or a mutant with less branched N-linked oligosaccharides grow more slowly in serum-free medium (SFM) than do MDAY-D2 cells. In medium containing fetal calf serum, growth rates of the cell lines were similar. A revertant of the former mutation showed a return to a more rapid growth rate in SFM. The N-linked processing inhibitor swainsonine also reduced cell growth rate in SFM but not in serum-containing medium. One of five randomly selected clones of the MDAY-D2 tumor cell line showed a slower growth rate in SFM and also showed decreased expression of branched N-linked oligosaccharides. These observations suggest that in MDAY-D2 cells, optimal factor-independent stimulation is dependent upon expression of branched complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides. The growth rate of MDAY-D2 cells in SFM was dependent on the initial seeding density of the cultures, and medium conditioned by the cells accelerated the growth of low-density cultures, suggesting that the cells respond to an autocrine factor. Culture supernatants conditioned by mutant and wild-type cells had similar levels of growth-stimulating activity. However, both mutants and swainsonine-treated cells were less responsive to this growth-stimulating activity. The growth rates of the MDAY-D2 tumor cell lines in vivo as subcutaneous tumors correlated with their relative growth rates in SFM in vitro. The results suggest that branched complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides commonly expressed in malignant cells are required for optimal autocrine-dependent growth in vitro and may be a significant factor in tumor progression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- I VanderElst
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Yagel S, Feinmesser R, Waghorne C, Lala PK, Breitman ML, Dennis JW. Evidence that beta 1-6 branched Asn-linked oligosaccharides on metastatic tumor cells facilitate invasion of basement membranes. Int J Cancer 1989; 44:685-90. [PMID: 2507455 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910440422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies we have shown that the ability of murine tumor cells to metastasize in situ is directly linked to expression of -GlcNAc beta 1-6Man alpha 1-6Man beta 1-branched complex-type Asn-linked oligosaccharides in tumor-cell glycoproteins. Here we demonstrate that cell-surface expression of beta 1-6 branched oligosaccharides in metastatic tumor cells is specifically associated with increased invasion of human amnion basement membranes in vitro. Compared to nonmetastatic SP1 murine mammary carcinoma cells, 2 metastatic sublines expressed higher levels of beta 1-6 branched oligosaccharides and were found to be invasive but poorly adhesive on the amnion basement membrane. Swainsonine, a non-toxic inhibitor of Asn-linked oligosaccharide processing which blocks the pathway prior to initiation of the beta 1-6 linked antenna, blocked metastatic tumor-cell invasion and increased adhesiveness. Swainsonine and the metalloprotease inhibitor O-phenanthroline inhibited invasion, apparently via independent mechanisms. O-phenanthroline did not affect tumor-cell adhesion to the amnion basement membrane and swainsonine did not block secretion of metalloproteases, beta-hexosaminadase or tissue plasminogen activator activity by the tumor cells. These results suggest that tumor-cell invasion of basement membranes requires both secretion of hydrolase activities and expression of beta 1-6 branched complex-type oligosaccharides at the tumor cell surface, such oligosaccharides being associated with reduced tumor-cell adhesion to extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yagel
- Division of Cancer and Cell Biology, Mount Sinai Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Humphries
- Department of Oncology, Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, D.C. 20060
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17
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Higashi H, Sugii T, Kato S. Specific staining on thin-layer chromatograms of glycosphingolipids of neolacto series and gangliosides with a terminal N-acetylneuraminyl residue by different procedures with wheat germ agglutinin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1988; 963:333-9. [PMID: 2461740 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(88)90299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive staining methods with wheat germ agglutinin were developed for the detection of glycosphingolipids of neolacto series (A) and gangliosides with a terminal N-acetylneuraminyl residue (B) on thin-layer chromatograms. (A) Neolacto series glycosphingolipids were treated by beta-galactosidase on the chromatograms in the presence of taurodeoxycholate. Then the chromatograms were incubated with biotinated wheat germ agglutinin followed by incubation with a complex of avidin and biotinated horseradish peroxidase, and the reaction was detected by 4-chloro-1-naphthol. In the case of gangliosides, sialidase treatment on the chromatograms was performed before the beta-galactosidase treatment. The sensitivity of the method for Lc3Cer, nLc4Cer, sialyl-nLc4Cer, and sialyl-nLc6Cer was 4 pmol, 7.6 pmol, 2.9 pmol and 1.4 pmol, respectively. (B) The gangliosides on the chromatograms were oxidized by periodic acid and reduced by NaBH4. Then the chromatograms were stained with wheat germ agglutinin as mentioned above. As little as 0.5 pmol of GM3, NeuAc-nLc4Cer, and NeuAc-nLc6Cer was detected by this method, whereas the detected limits for these gangliosides were 10 pmol, 10 pmol and 2 pmol, respectively, when periodate oxidation was omitted. GM4, GD3 and GD1a were an order less reactive than GM3, GM2, GM1 or GD1b were not stained under the same condition. In contrast to NeuAc-containing gangliosides, any gangliosides with N-glycolylneuraminic acid were not stained by the method in (B).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Higashi
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University, Japan
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18
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Torres BV, Smith DF. Purification of Forssman and human blood group A glycolipids by affinity chromatography on immobilized Helix pomatia lectin. Anal Biochem 1988; 170:209-19. [PMID: 3389512 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(88)90110-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A method for the affinity purification of intact glycolipids having nonreducing terminal alpha 1-3 linked N-acetylgalatosamine residues has been developed. This technique relies on the retention of the carbohydrate-binding specificity of immobilized Helix pomatia lectin in aqueous solutions of tetrahydrofuran. Both Forssman glycolipid and a mouse blood group A-active hexaosylceramide were bound by columns of the lectin equilibrated in a solvent containing 95% tetrahydrofuran and 5% water. After application of a step gradient of increasing water content up to 50%, the specifically bound glycolipids were eluted in solvent containing N-acetylgalactosamine. The Forssman and A-active glycolipids were similarly purified in a single chromatographic step from total lipid extracts of sheep and human type A erythrocyte stroma, respectively. Nonspecifically bound lipids and glycolipids were eluted from this column by simply increasing the water content of the eluting buffer. The extension of this method to other carbohydrate-binding proteins including lectins and monoclonal antibodies may provide a rapid purification of glycolipids based on their carbohydrate structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061
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Ravindranaths MH, Paulson JC, Irie RF. Human melanoma antigen O-acetylated ganglioside GD3 is recognized by Cancer antennarius lectin. J Biol Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)77987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jain MK, Zakim D. The spontaneous incorporation of proteins into preformed bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1987; 906:33-68. [PMID: 3032257 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4157(87)90004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
The synthesis and expression of cell surface carbohydrates is a developmentally regulated process that appears to affect a number of cell-cell interactions. To determine whether specific oligosaccharide structures present on highly malignant cells are required for expression of the metastatic phenotype, we have isolated lectin resistant tumor cell mutants with defects in the biosynthesis of oligosaccharides. The mutants selected from the highly aggressive lymphoreticular-like tumor line MDAY-D2 were grouped into genetic complementation classes, compared for metastatic ability and for changes in cell surface glycoconjugates. The Asn-linked oligosaccharides and glycolipids of class 1 mutants were deficient in both sialic acid and galactose and the cells showed a greatly attenuated metastatic phenotype compared to the parental cells. A revertant of the class 1 mutation selected in vitro regained the wild type glycoconjugate profile and the highly metastatic phenotype indicating a direct association between the mutation and the loss of metastatic potential. Class 2 mutants remained highly metastatic and had Asn-linked oligosaccharide structures very similar to those found in the wild type cells with N-glycolylneuraminic acid rather than the N-acetylneuraminic acid. Swainsonine, an inhibitor of golgi alpha-mannosidase II, blocks the synthesis of complex-type Asn-linked oligosaccharides resulting in the expression of hybrid-type oligosaccharides at the cell surface and the cells display a lectin resistant phenotype. Although swainsonine inhibited neither tumor cell growth in vitro nor solid tumor growth in situ, the drug dramatically reduced the incidence of lung colonies after i.v. inoculation of both MDAY-D2 and B16F10 melanoma cells. These results, taken together, indicate that certain sialylated Asn-linked oligosaccharides found on metastatic tumor cells are required for expression of the metastatic phenotype.
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Dennis JW, Laferté S, Fukuda M, Dell A, Carver JP. Asn-linked oligosaccharides in lectin-resistant tumor-cell mutants with varying metastatic potential. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1986; 161:359-73. [PMID: 3780748 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1986.tb10455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MDW4, a wheat germ agglutinin-resistant mutant of the metastatic murine tumor MDAY D2 has previously been shown to be poorly metastatic when injected intravenously and non-metastatic when injected subcutaneously into syngeneic mice. W4EB8, a Bandeiraea simplicifolia (BSII) lectin-selected subline of MDW4 has previously been shown to be intermediate between that of MDAY-D2 and MDW4 cell for sensitivity to lectin and metastatic phenotype when injected intravenously into mice. The Asn-linked oligosaccharides from MDAY-D2, MDW4 and W4EB8 cells were released enzymatically with peptide N-glycosidase, reduced with tritiated sodium borohydride and fractionated by Concanavalin-A--Sepharose affinity chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structures of the major fractions were determined by a combination of glycosidase digestion and sizing, gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Wild-type and mutant cells processed high-mannose-type structures to biantennary (GlcNAc)2(Man)3(GlcNAc)2. In MDAY-D2 cells this structure was processed further to sialylated tetra-antennary complex with polylactosamine-containing antennae terminating in either sialic acid or alpha 1-3-linked galactose. MDW4 cells had four or five times more (GlcNAc)2(Man)3(GlcNAc)2 than MDAY-D2 cells and a major component of tri-antennary (GlcNAc)3(Man)3(GlcNAc)2 (i.e. 2,2,6-substituted tri-mannosyl core) that was not found in wild-type cells. The partial revertant, W4EB8 had intermediate levels of mutant (GlcNAc)3(Man)3(GlcNAc)2 and sialylated complex-type carbohydrates. The results indicate that a shift in expression from incomplete complex type to sialylated tri/tetra-antennary complex-type carbohydrates in tumor cell may enhance the metastatic potential of tumor cells in the experimental metastasis assay. In addition, somatic cell hybridization analysis indicated that the defect in MDW4 cells was identical to that of the Chinese hamster ovary mutant Lec8: a deficiency in UDP-galactose transport into the golgi.
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Dennis JW, Laferte S. Co-reversion of a lectin-resistant mutation and non-metastatic phenotype in murine tumor cells. Int J Cancer 1986; 38:445-50. [PMID: 3744595 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910380322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Three independent isolates, one obtained spontaneously and the others obtained after in vitro mutagenesis, of a WGA-resistant mutation were compared to the highly metastatic parental murine cell line MDAY-D2 for alterations in plasma membrane glycoproteins and changes in metastatic behavior. The mutants were non-metastatic from an s.c. site of injection and poor organ-colonizers when administered i.v. Each of the mutant lines had the same lesion in N-linked oligosaccharide structure, which rendered the cells hypersensitive to the N-acetylglucosamine-binding lectin BSII in vitro. The phenotypic similarities between the 3 WGA-resistant isolates indicated that the mutation was directly related to the attenuated malignant phenotype. Direct confirmation was obtained by the isolation of a BSII-resistant clone of the mutant cells that co-reverted for lectin-sensitivity, lectin binding glycoproteins and malignant aggressiveness. The results indicate a direct relationship between malignant behavior and cell-surface oligosaccharide structure.
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Gallagher JT. Carbohydrate-binding properties of lectins: a possible approach to lectin nomenclature and classification. Review. Biosci Rep 1984; 4:621-32. [PMID: 6498310 DOI: 10.1007/bf01121015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Chicken CA, Sharom FJ. The concanavalin A receptor from human erythrocytes in lipid bilayer membranes. Interaction with concanavalin A and succinyl-concanavalin A. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1983; 729:200-8. [PMID: 6830787 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(83)90486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The concanavalin A receptor from human erythrocyte membranes has been isolated by affinity chromatography using the mild, readily-dialyzable detergent dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The purified protein has been reincorporated into large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles using a detergent dialysis technique. The mean diameter of these vesicles increases as the lipid: protein ratio decreases. Binding of succinyl-concanavalin A to these vesicles was quantitated using 125I-labelled lectin in a filtration assay. The concanavalin A receptor in lipid bilayer vesicles provides specific high affinity binding sites for succinyl-concanavalin A with an association constant of 2.13 . 10(6) M-1. Scatchard plots indicate positive cooperativity of binding at very low lectin concentrations, a characteristic also seen in concanavalin A binding to intact human erythrocytes. The presence of bovine serum albumin has little effect on lectin binding and is not required for expression of cooperativity. Concanavalin A effectively competes with succinyl-concanavalin A for binding to the vesicles with an association constant of 4.83 . 10(6) M-1. Receptor-bearing vesicles are readily agglutinated by concanavalin A but not by its succinylated derivative. The kinetics of vesicle agglutination are biphasic, with an initial rapid phase followed by a pseudo-first order process. We suggest that studies on reassembled receptor proteins in lipid bilayers can provide valuable insight into receptor involvement in transmembrane signalling events and the factors involved in cell membrane behaviour and cell agglutination.
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Mohan S, Thambi Dorai D, Srimal S, Bachhawat BK. Binding studies of a sialic acid-specific lectin from the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotunda cauda with various sialoglycoproteins. Biochem J 1982; 203:253-61. [PMID: 7103938 PMCID: PMC1158217 DOI: 10.1042/bj2030253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of the sialic acid-specific lectin carcinoscorpin with various sialoglycoproteins was studied by using radioiodinated lectin. The binding of carcinoscorpin was dependent not only on sialic acid content but also on the type of glycosidic linkage and form (branched or linear) of the carbohydrate chains. Carcinoscorpin has different classes of binding sites, and binding follows a phenomenon of positive co-operativity. The effect of Ca2+ concentration on the binding was studied, and the optimal concentration was found to be 0.02 M. Effect of pH, temperature and other bivalent metal ions are also reported. From haemagglutination- and precipitation-inhibition studies, it was concluded that carcinoscorpin has multispecificity towards acidic sugars, and its relation to the biological role of the lectin in the horseshoe crab is discussed.
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Connelly MC, Stein DC, Young FE, Morse SA, Allen PZ. Interaction with lectins and differential wheat germ agglutinin binding of pyocin 103-sensitive and -resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Bacteriol 1981; 148:796-803. [PMID: 6796562 PMCID: PMC216277 DOI: 10.1128/jb.148.3.796-803.1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were treated with pyocin 611 131 (pyocin 103) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA103, and isogenic resistant variants were isolated. The interaction of pyocin-sensitive and isogenic pyocin-resistant strains with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) agglutinated all pyocin-sensitive, but not pyocin-resistant, strains. Binding of WGA to three pyocin-sensitive strains and their isogenic pyocin-resistant variants was examined quantitatively by using fluorescein-conjugated lectin. Pyocin-resistant strains maximally bound one-third to one-eighth the quantity of WGA bound by isogenic-sensitive strains. Linear Scatchard plots revealed homogeneous WGA-binding sites on three pyocin-sensitive and one pyocin-resistant strains. Biphasic Scatchard plots, obtained with two pyocin-resistant strains, show that WGA-binding sites in these strains are heterogeneous. The number of WGA-binding sites for pyocin-sensitive organisms ranged from 8 x 10(5) to 1 x 10(6) sites per coccus and from 1 x 10(5) to 3 x 10(5) sites per coccus for pyocin-resistant strains. The apparent association constant for WGA binding to pyocin-sensitive strains ranged from 3 x 10(6) to 6 x 10(6) liters/mol and from 6 x 10(6) to 1 x 10(7) liters/mol for pyocin-resistant strains. Gonococcal lipopolysaccharide was shown to serve as the pyocin 103 receptor by inhibition of pyocin activity. Lipopolysaccharide from a pyocin 103-resistant strain was not able to inhibit pyocin 103 activity. Pyocin 103 resistance was correlated with a structural alteration involving N-acetylglucosamine residues in gonococcal lipopolysaccharide. Based on interactions with wheat germ, soybean, and ricin lectins, a model of lipopolysaccharide structure in N. gonorrhoeae is presented.
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