1
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Cui J, Xu H, Yu J, Ran S, Zhang X, Li Y, Chen Z, Niu Y, Wang S, Ye W, Chen W, Wu J, Xia J. Targeted depletion of PD-1-expressing cells induces immune tolerance through peripheral clonal deletion. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadh0085. [PMID: 38669317 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adh0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Thymic negative selection of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is essential for establishing self-tolerance and acquired allograft tolerance following organ transplantation. However, it is unclear whether and how peripheral clonal deletion of alloreactive T cells induces transplantation tolerance. Here, we establish that programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a hallmark of alloreactive T cells and is associated with clonal expansion after alloantigen encounter. Moreover, we found that diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR)-mediated ablation of PD-1+ cells reshaped the TCR repertoire through peripheral clonal deletion of alloreactive T cells and promoted tolerance in mouse transplantation models. In addition, by using PD-1-specific depleting antibodies, we found that antibody-mediated depletion of PD-1+ cells prevented heart transplant rejection and the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in humanized PD-1 mice. Thus, these data suggest that PD-1 is an attractive target for peripheral clonal deletion and induction of immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jizhang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuan Ran
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute and Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2
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Nicosia M, Valujskikh A. Recognizing Complexity of CD8 T Cells in Transplantation. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00734. [PMID: 38637929 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000005001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The major role of CD8+ T cells in clinical and experimental transplantation is well documented and acknowledged. Nevertheless, the precise impact of CD8+ T cells on graft tissue injury is not completely understood, thus impeding the development of specific treatment strategies. The goal of this overview is to consider the biology and functions of CD8+ T cells in the context of experimental and clinical allotransplantation, with special emphasis on how this cell subset is affected by currently available and emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nicosia
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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3
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Rousse J, Royer PJ, Evanno G, Lheriteau E, Ciron C, Salama A, Shneiker F, Duchi R, Perota A, Galli C, Cozzi E, Blancho G, Duvaux O, Brouard S, Soulillou JP, Bach JM, Vanhove B. LIS1, a glyco-humanized swine polyclonal anti-lymphocyte globulin, as a novel induction treatment in solid organ transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137629. [PMID: 36875084 PMCID: PMC9978386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-thymocyte or anti-lymphocyte globulins (ATGs/ALGs) are immunosuppressive drugs used in induction therapies to prevent acute rejection in solid organ transplantation. Because animal-derived, ATGs/ALGs contain highly immunogenic carbohydrate xenoantigens eliciting antibodies that are associated with subclinical inflammatory events, possibly impacting long-term graft survival. Their strong and long-lasting lymphodepleting activity also increases the risk for infections. We investigated here the in vitro and in vivo activity of LIS1, a glyco-humanized ALG (GH-ALG) produced in pigs knocked out for the two major xeno-antigens αGal and Neu5Gc. It differs from other ATGs/ALGs by its mechanism of action excluding antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and being restricted to complement-mediated cytotoxicity, phagocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, apoptosis and antigen masking, resulting in profound inhibition of T-cell alloreactivity in mixed leucocyte reactions. Preclinical evaluation in non-human primates showed that GH-ALG dramatically reduced CD4+ (p=0.0005,***), CD8+ effector T cells (p=0.0002,***) or myeloid cells (p=0.0007,***) but not T-reg (p=0.65, ns) or B cells (p=0.65, ns). Compared with rabbit ATG, GH-ALG induced transient depletion (less than one week) of target T cells in the peripheral blood (<100 lymphocytes/L) but was equivalent in preventing allograft rejection in a skin allograft model. The novel therapeutic modality of GH-ALG might present advantages in induction treatment during organ transplantation by shortening the T-cell depletion period while maintaining adequate immunosuppression and reducing immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carine Ciron
- Research and Development, Xenothera, Nantes, France
| | - Apolline Salama
- Nantes Université, Inserm, University Hospital Center CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | | | - Roberto Duchi
- Transplantation Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Perota
- Transplantation Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Galli
- Transplantation Immunology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Cozzi
- Avantea, Laboratorio di Tecnologie della Riproduzione, Cremona, Italy
| | - Gilles Blancho
- Nantes Université, Inserm, University Hospital Center CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Odile Duvaux
- Research and Development, Xenothera, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Nantes Université, Inserm, University Hospital Center CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Soulillou
- Nantes Université, Inserm, University Hospital Center CHU Nantes, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
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4
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Gassen RB, Borges TJ, Pérez-Sáez MJ, Zhang H, Al Jurdi A, Llinàs-Mallol L, Aoyama B, Lima M, Pascual J, Sage PT, Murakami N, Riella LV. T cell depletion increases humoral response by favoring T follicular helper cells expansion. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:1766-1778. [PMID: 35320600 PMCID: PMC9262847 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection is a major cause of long-term graft loss in kidney transplant patients. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are crucial for assisting B cell differentiation and are required for an efficient antibody response. Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is a widely used lymphocyte-depleting induction therapy. However, less is known about how ATG affects Tfh cell development and donor-specific antibody (DSA) formation. We observed an increase in circulating Tfh cells at 6 months after kidney transplant in patients who received ATG. Using an NP-OVA immunization model, we found that ATG-treated mice had a higher percentage of Tfh cells, germinal center B cells, and higher titers of antigen-specific antibodies compared to controls. ATG-treated animals had lower levels of IL-2, a known Bcl-6 repressor, but higher levels of IL-21, pSTAT3 and Bcl-6, favoring Tfh differentiation. In a mouse kidney transplant model, ATG-treated recipients showed an increase in Tfh cells, DSA and C4d staining in the allograft. Although ATG was effective in depleting T cells, it favored the expansion of Tfh cells following depletion. Concomitant use of IL-2, tacrolimus, or rapamycin with ATG was essential to control Tfh cell expansion. In summary, ATG depletion favors Tfh expansion, enhancing antibody-mediated response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Benedetti Gassen
- Center of Transplantation Science, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thiago J Borges
- Center of Transplantation Science, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - María José Pérez-Sáez
- Renal Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hengcheng Zhang
- Renal Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayman Al Jurdi
- Center of Transplantation Science, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bruno Aoyama
- Renal Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maurício Lima
- Renal Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julio Pascual
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter T Sage
- Renal Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naoka Murakami
- Renal Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonardo V. Riella
- Center of Transplantation Science, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, MA, USA
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5
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Dai C, Zhou X, Wang L, Tan R, Wang W, Yang B, Zhang Y, Shi H, Chen D, Wei L, Chen Z. Rocaglamide Prolonged Allograft Survival by Inhibiting Differentiation of Th1/Th17 Cells in Cardiac Transplantation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2048095. [PMID: 35087613 PMCID: PMC8787457 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2048095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aglaia (Meliaceae) species are used for treating autoimmune disorders and allergic diseases in Asian countries. Rocaglamide, an extract obtained from Aglaia species, exhibits suppressive effect by regulating the T cell subset balance and cytokine network in cancer. However, whether it can be used in organ transplantation is unknown. In this study, we investigated the antirejection effect and mechanism of action of rocaglamide in a mouse cardiac allograft model. METHODS Survival studies were performed by administering mice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (n = 6) and rocaglamide (n = 8). Heart grafts were monitored until they stopped beating. After grafting, the mice were sacrificed on day 7 for histological, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and flow cytometric analyses. RESULTS Rocaglamide administration significantly prolonged the median survival of the grafts from 7 to 25 days compared with PBS treatment (P < 0.001). On posttransplantation day 7, the rocaglamide-treated group showed a significant decrease in the percentage of Th1 cells (7.9 ± 0.9% vs. 1.58 ± 0.5%, P < 0.001) in the lymph nodes and spleen (8.0 ± 2.5% vs. 2.4 ± 1.3%, P < 0.05). Rocaglamide treatment also significantly inhibited the production of Th17 cells (6.4 ± 1.0% vs. 1.8 ± 0.4%, P < 0.01) in the lymph nodes and spleen (5.9 ± 0.3% vs. 2.9 ± 0.8%, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the prolonged survival of the grafts was associated with a significant decrease in IFN-γ and IL-17 levels. Our results also showed that NF-AT activation was inhibited by rocaglamide, which also induced p38 and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in Jurkat T cells. Furthermore, by using inhibitors that suppressed p38 and JNK phosphorylation, rocaglamide-mediated reduction in NF-AT protein levels was prevented. CONCLUSION We identified a new immunoregulatory property of rocaglamide, wherein it was found to regulate oxidative stress response and reduce inflammatory cell infiltration and organ injury, which have been associated with the inhibition of NF-AT activation in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dai
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Xi Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Rumeng Tan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Yucong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Huibo Shi
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Lai Wei
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China 430030
| | - Zhishui Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China 430030
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6
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Abstract
Immunologic memory is the ability of adaptive immune system to quickly and specifically recognize previously encountered antigens and initiate an effector response. Alloreactive memory cells can mount rapid and robust responses to the transplanted organ resulting in allograft injury. Thus preexisting humoral or cellular memory alloresponses are typically associated with poor graft outcomes in experimental and clinical transplantation. While both B and T lymphocytes exhibit memory responses, this review discusses recent updates on the biology of memory T cells and their relevance to the field of transplantation. Three major areas of focus are the emergence and characterization of tissue resident memory T cells, manipulation of T cell metabolic pathways, and the latest promising approaches to targeting detrimental T cell memory in the settings of organ transplantation.
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7
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Hasgur S, Fan R, Zwick DB, Fairchild RL, Valujskikh A. B cell-derived IL-1β and IL-6 drive T cell reconstitution following lymphoablation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:2740-2754. [PMID: 32342598 PMCID: PMC7956246 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of T cell homeostatic expansion is crucial for clinical applications of lymphoablative therapies. We previously established that T cell recovery in mouse heart allograft recipients treated with anti-thymocyte globulin (mATG) critically depends on B cells and is mediated by B cell-derived soluble factors. B cell production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 is markedly upregulated after heart allotransplantation and lymphoablation. Neutralizing IL-1β or IL-6 with mAb or the use of recipients lacking mature IL-1β, IL-6, IL-1R, MyD88, or IL-6R impair CD4+ and CD8+ T cell recovery and significantly enhance the graft-prolonging efficacy of lymphoablation. Adoptive co-transfer experiments demonstrate a direct effect of IL-6 but not IL-1β on T lymphocytes. Furthermore, B cells incapable of IL-1β or IL-6 production have diminished capacity to mediate T cell reconstitution and initiate heart allograft rejection upon adoptive transfer into mATG treated B cell deficient recipients. These findings reveal the essential role of B cell-derived IL-1β and IL-6 during homeostatic T cell expansion in a clinically relevant model of lymphoablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheyla Hasgur
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Ran Fan
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Daniel B. Zwick
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Robert L. Fairchild
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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8
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O'Keefe RJ, Tuan RS, Lane NE, Awad HA, Barry F, Bunnell BA, Colnot C, Drake MT, Drissi H, Dyment NA, Fortier LA, Guldberg RE, Kandel R, Little DG, Marshall MF, Mao JJ, Nakamura N, Proffen BL, Rodeo SA, Rosen V, Thomopoulos S, Schwarz EM, Serra R. American Society for Bone and Mineral Research-Orthopaedic Research Society Joint Task Force Report on Cell-Based Therapies - Secondary Publication. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:485-502. [PMID: 31994782 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies, defined here as the delivery of cells in vivo to treat disease, have recently gained increasing public attention as a potentially promising approach to restore structure and function to musculoskeletal tissues. Although cell-based therapy has the potential to improve the treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, there is also the possibility of misuse and misrepresentation of the efficacy of such treatments. The medical literature contains anecdotal reports and research studies, along with web-based marketing and patient testimonials supporting cell-based therapy. Both the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) and the Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) are committed to ensuring that the potential of cell-based therapies is realized through rigorous, reproducible, and clinically meaningful scientific discovery. The two organizations convened a multidisciplinary and international Task Force composed of physicians, surgeons, and scientists who are recognized experts in the development and use of cell-based therapies. The Task Force was charged with defining the state-of-the art in cell-based therapies and identifying the gaps in knowledge and methodologies that should guide the research agenda. The efforts of this Task Force are designed to provide researchers and clinicians with a better understanding of the current state of the science and research needed to advance the study and use of cell-based therapies for skeletal tissues. The design and implementation of rigorous, thorough protocols will be critical to leveraging these innovative treatments and optimizing clinical and functional patient outcomes. In addition to providing specific recommendations and ethical considerations for preclinical and clinical investigations, this report concludes with an outline to address knowledge gaps in how to determine the cell autonomous and nonautonomous effects of a donor population used for bone regeneration. © 2020 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:485-502, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regis J O'Keefe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hani A Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Matthew T Drake
- Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory Healthcare, Emory University, Tucker, GA, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Dyment
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa A Fortier
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Rita Kandel
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G Little
- Orthopaedic Research and Biotechnology, Kids Research Institute, Westmead, Australia
| | - Mary F Marshall
- Center for Biomedical Ethics and Humanities, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeremy J Mao
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Benedikt L Proffen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Harvard Medical School/Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Edward M Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rosa Serra
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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9
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O'Keefe RJ, Tuan RS, Lane NE, Awad HA, Barry F, Bunnell BA, Colnot C, Drake MT, Drissi H, Dyment NA, Fortier LA, Guldberg RE, Kandel R, Little DG, Marshall MF, Mao JJ, Nakamura N, Proffen BL, Rodeo SA, Rosen V, Thomopoulos S, Schwarz EM, Serra R. American Society for Bone and Mineral Research-Orthopaedic Research Society Joint Task Force Report on Cell-Based Therapies. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:3-17. [PMID: 31545883 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies, defined here as the delivery of cells in vivo to treat disease, have recently gained increasing public attention as a potentially promising approach to restore structure and function to musculoskeletal tissues. Although cell-based therapy has the potential to improve the treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, there is also the possibility of misuse and misrepresentation of the efficacy of such treatments. The medical literature contains anecdotal reports and research studies, along with web-based marketing and patient testimonials supporting cell-based therapy. Both the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) and the Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) are committed to ensuring that the potential of cell-based therapies is realized through rigorous, reproducible, and clinically meaningful scientific discovery. The two organizations convened a multidisciplinary and international Task Force composed of physicians, surgeons, and scientists who are recognized experts in the development and use of cell-based therapies. The Task Force was charged with defining the state-of-the art in cell-based therapies and identifying the gaps in knowledge and methodologies that should guide the research agenda. The efforts of this Task Force are designed to provide researchers and clinicians with a better understanding of the current state of the science and research needed to advance the study and use of cell-based therapies for skeletal tissues. The design and implementation of rigorous, thorough protocols will be critical to leveraging these innovative treatments and optimizing clinical and functional patient outcomes. In addition to providing specific recommendations and ethical considerations for preclinical and clinical investigations, this report concludes with an outline to address knowledge gaps in how to determine the cell autonomous and nonautonomous effects of a donor population used for bone regeneration. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regis J O'Keefe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nancy E Lane
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hani A Awad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Matthew T Drake
- Department of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory Healthcare, Emory University, Tucker, GA, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Dyment
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa A Fortier
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Rita Kandel
- Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David G Little
- Orthopaedic Research and Biotechnology, Kids Research Institute, Westmead, Australia
| | - Mary F Marshall
- Center for Biomedical Ethics and Humanities, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeremy J Mao
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Institute for Medical Science in Sports, Osaka Health Science University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Benedikt L Proffen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sports Medicine Research Laboratory, Harvard Medical School/Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Edward M Schwarz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rosa Serra
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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10
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Knipper JA, Wright D, Cope AP, Malissen B, Zamoyska R. PTPN22 Acts in a Cell Intrinsic Manner to Restrict the Proliferation and Differentiation of T Cells Following Antibody Lymphodepletion. Front Immunol 2020; 11:52. [PMID: 32047502 PMCID: PMC6997546 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphopenic insult has been shown to precipitate the initiation of autoimmune disease in murine models such as the Non-obese diabetic mouse. Similarly, in man lymphopenia induced by mAb therapy, for instance Alemtuzumab as treatment for Multiple Sclerosis, can precipitate development of secondary autoimmune disease in up to 30 % of patients. We asked whether an identified autoimmune susceptibility locus might increase the risk of developing autoimmunity in the context of mAb-induced lymphopenia in a mouse model. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene encoding the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 (R620W) is associated with multiple human autoimmune diseases, and PTPN22 has been shown to modulate T cell responses, particularly to weak antigens. In keeping with this, PTPN22-deficient or PTPN22 R619W mutant murine T cells adoptively transferred into immunodeficient lymphopenic hosts showed a higher lymphopenia-induced proliferation rate than WT cells. We induced lymphopenia by treating wild-type or PTPN22 knock-out mice with T cell depleting antibodies and monitored reconstitution of the T cell pool. We found that PTPN22 deficient T cells acquired a more activated effector phenotype, with significantly more IFNγ producing cells. This resulted from expansion driven by self-peptide MHC, as it was evident when the contribution of IL-7 to lymphopenic expansion was blocked with IL-7R Ab. Interestingly, Foxp3+ Tregs were also considerably expanded in PTPN22-deficient and PTPN22 R619W mice, as was the frequency of both CD25+ and CD25- CD4 T cells that produce IL-10. Using bone marrow chimeric mice, we showed that PTPN22 influenced development of both regulatory and effector T cell functions in a cell-intrinsic manner. Overall the expansion of Tregs is likely to keep the expanded T effector populations in check and sparing Treg during therapeutic mAb depletion may be a useful strategy to prevent occurrence of secondary autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A Knipper
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Wright
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS UMR, Marseille, France
| | - Rose Zamoyska
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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11
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Schachtner T, Stein M, Otto NM, Reinke P. Preformed donor‐reactive T cells that persist after ABO desensitization predict severe T cell‐mediated rejection after living donor kidney transplantation – a retrospective study. Transpl Int 2019; 33:288-297. [DOI: 10.1111/tri.13551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schachtner
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Charité University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Berlin Germany
- Department of Nephrology University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Maik Stein
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Berlin Germany
| | - Natalie M. Otto
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Charité University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Berlin Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Charité University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Center of Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) Berlin Germany
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12
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Bamoulid J, Staeck O, Crépin T, Halleck F, Saas P, Brakemeier S, Ducloux D, Budde K. Anti-thymocyte globulins in kidney transplantation: focus on current indications and long-term immunological side effects. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:1601-1608. [PMID: 27798202 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antithymocyte globulins (ATGs) are part of the immunosuppression arsenal currently used by clinicians to prevent or treat acute rejection in solid organ transplantation. ATG is a mixture of non-specific anti-lymphocyte immunoglobulins targeting not only T cell subsets but also several other immune and non-immune cells, rendering its precise immunoglobulin composition difficult to appreciate or to compare from one preparation to another. Furthermore, several mechanisms of action have been described. Taken together, this probably explains the efficacy and the side effects associated with this drug. Recent data suggest a long-term negative impact on allograft and patient outcomes, pointing out the need to better characterize the potential toxicity and the benefit-risk balance associated to this immunosuppressive therapy within large clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Bamoulid
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, CHU Besançon, France.,UMR1098, Federation hospitalo-universitaire INCREASE, France.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Franche-Comté, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche, SFR FED4234, France
| | - Oliver Staeck
- Department of Nephrology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Crépin
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, CHU Besançon, France.,UMR1098, Federation hospitalo-universitaire INCREASE, France.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Franche-Comté, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche, SFR FED4234, France
| | - Fabian Halleck
- Department of Nephrology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Saas
- UMR1098, Federation hospitalo-universitaire INCREASE, France.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Franche-Comté, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche, SFR FED4234, France
| | | | - Didier Ducloux
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, CHU Besançon, France.,UMR1098, Federation hospitalo-universitaire INCREASE, France.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Franche-Comté, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche, SFR FED4234, France
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
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13
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Bamoulid J, Crépin T, Courivaud C, Rebibou JM, Saas P, Ducloux D. Antithymocyte globulins in renal transplantation-from lymphocyte depletion to lymphocyte activation: The doubled-edged sword. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2017; 31:180-187. [PMID: 28456447 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Compelling data suggest that lymphocyte depletion following T cell depleting therapy may induce prolonged CD4 T cell lymphopenia and trigger lymphocyte activation in some patients. These profound and non-reversible immune changes in T cell pool subsets are the consequence of both impaired thymic renewal and peripheral homeostatic proliferation. Chronic viral challenges by CMV play a major role in these immune alterations. Even when the consequences of CD4 T cell lymphopenia have been now well described, recent studies shed new light on the clinical consequences of immune activation. In this review, we will first focus on the mechanisms involved in T cell pool reconstitution after T cell depletion and further consider the clinical consequences of ATG-induced T cell activation and senescence in renal transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Bamoulid
- CHU Besançon, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, F-25030 Besançon, France; UMR1098, Federation hospitalo-universitaire INCREASE, Besançon F-25020, France; Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Besançon F-25020, France; Structure Fédérative de Recherche, SFR FED4234, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Thomas Crépin
- CHU Besançon, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, F-25030 Besançon, France; UMR1098, Federation hospitalo-universitaire INCREASE, Besançon F-25020, France; Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Besançon F-25020, France; Structure Fédérative de Recherche, SFR FED4234, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Cécile Courivaud
- CHU Besançon, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, F-25030 Besançon, France; UMR1098, Federation hospitalo-universitaire INCREASE, Besançon F-25020, France; Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Besançon F-25020, France; Structure Fédérative de Recherche, SFR FED4234, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Jean-Michel Rebibou
- UMR1098, Federation hospitalo-universitaire INCREASE, Besançon F-25020, France; CHU Dijon, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- UMR1098, Federation hospitalo-universitaire INCREASE, Besançon F-25020, France; Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Besançon F-25020, France; Structure Fédérative de Recherche, SFR FED4234, Besançon F-25000, France
| | - Didier Ducloux
- CHU Besançon, Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Renal Transplantation, F-25030 Besançon, France; UMR1098, Federation hospitalo-universitaire INCREASE, Besançon F-25020, France; Université de Franche-Comté, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Besançon F-25020, France; Structure Fédérative de Recherche, SFR FED4234, Besançon F-25000, France.
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14
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Benichou G, Gonzalez B, Marino J, Ayasoufi K, Valujskikh A. Role of Memory T Cells in Allograft Rejection and Tolerance. Front Immunol 2017; 8:170. [PMID: 28293238 PMCID: PMC5328996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory T cells are characterized by their low activation threshold, robust effector functions, and resistance to conventional immunosuppression and costimulation blockade. Unlike their naïve counterparts, memory T cells reside in and recirculate through peripheral non-lymphoid tissues. Alloreactive memory T cells are subdivided into different categories based on their origins, phenotypes, and functions. Recipients whose immune systems have been directly exposed to allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules display high affinity alloreactive memory T cells. In the absence of any prior exposure to allogeneic MHC molecules, endogenous alloreactive memory T cells are regularly generated through microbial infections (heterologous immunity). Regardless of their origin, alloreactive memory T cells represent an essential element of the allograft rejection process and a major barrier to tolerance induction in clinical transplantation. This article describes the different subsets of alloreactive memory T cells involved in transplant rejection and examine their generation, functional properties, and mechanisms of action. In addition, we discuss strategies developed to target deleterious allospecific memory T cells in experimental animal models and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Benichou
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Gonzalez
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose Marino
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katayoun Ayasoufi
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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15
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Bamoulid J, Staeck O, Halleck F, Khadzhynov D, Paliege A, Brakemeier S, Dürr M, Budde K. Immunosuppression and Results in Renal Transplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eursup.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Ayasoufi K, Fan R, Fairchild RL, Valujskikh A. CD4 T Cell Help via B Cells Is Required for Lymphopenia-Induced CD8 T Cell Proliferation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3180-90. [PMID: 26912319 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ab-mediated lymphoablation is commonly used in solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplantation. However, these strategies fail to control pathogenic memory T cells efficiently and to improve long-term transplant outcomes significantly. Understanding the mechanisms of T cell reconstitution is critical for enhancing the efficacy of Ab-mediated depletion in sensitized recipients. Using a murine analog of anti-thymocyte globulin (mATG) in a mouse model of cardiac transplantation, we previously showed that peritransplant lymphocyte depletion induces rapid memory T cell proliferation and only modestly prolongs allograft survival. We now report that T cell repertoire following depletion is dominated by memory CD4 T cells. Additional depletion of these residual CD4 T cells severely impairs the recovery of memory CD8 T cells after mATG treatment. The CD4 T cell help during CD8 T cell recovery depends on the presence of B cells expressing CD40 and intact CD40/CD154 interactions. The requirement for CD4 T cell help is not limited to the use of mATG in heart allograft recipients, and it is observed in nontransplanted mice and after CD8 T cell depletion with mAb instead of mATG. Most importantly, limiting helper signals increases the efficacy of mATG in controlling memory T cell expansion and significantly extends heart allograft survival in sensitized recipients. Our findings uncover the novel role for helper memory CD4 T cells during homeostatic CD8 T cell proliferation and open new avenues for optimizing lymphoablative therapies in allosensitized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Ayasoufi
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Ran Fan
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and
| | - Robert L Fairchild
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195; and Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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17
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Bamoulid J, Staeck O, Halleck F, Dürr M, Paliege A, Lachmann N, Brakemeier S, Liefeldt L, Budde K. Advances in pharmacotherapy to treat kidney transplant rejection. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2015; 16:1627-48. [PMID: 26159444 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2015.1056734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current immunosuppressive combination therapy provides excellent prevention of T-cell-mediated rejection following renal transplantation; however, antibody-mediated rejection remains of high concern and accounts for a large number of long-term allograft losses. The recent development of protocol biopsies resulted in the definition of subclinical rejection (SCR), showing histologic evidence for rejection but unremarkable clinical course. AREAS COVERED This review describes the current knowledge and evidence of pharmacotherapy to treat kidney allograft rejections and covers SCR treatment options. Each substance is analyzed with regard to its classical indication and further discussed for the treatment of other forms of rejection. EXPERT OPINION Despite a lack of randomized trials, early acute T-cell-mediated rejection can be treated effectively in most cases without graft loss. The necessity to treat SCR is currently unclear. Due to a lack of effective therapies, new treatment approaches for antibody-mediated rejection are an urgent medical need to improve long-term outcomes. Future research should aim to better define pathophysiology and histology, stratify risk, and develop rational treatment strategies from randomized controlled trials, in order to establish the value of novel therapies in the arsenal of rejection pharmacotherapy. However, the effective prevention of rejection with minimal side effects still remains the goal in immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Bamoulid
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Nephrology , Berlin , Germany +49 30 450 514002 ; +49 30 450 514902 ;
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18
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T-Cell Surface Antigens and sCD30 as Biomarkers of the Risk of Rejection in Solid Organ Transplantation. Ther Drug Monit 2015; 38 Suppl 1:S29-35. [PMID: 26495982 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
T-cell activation is a characteristic of organ rejection. T cells, located in the draining lymph nodes of the transplant recipient, are faced with non-self-molecules presented by antigen presenting cells and become activated. Activated T cells are characterized by up-regulated surface antigens, such as costimulatory molecules, adhesion molecules, chemokine receptors, and major histocompatibility complex class II molecules. Surface antigen expression can be followed by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies in either cell function assays using donor-specific or nonspecific stimulation of isolated cells or whole blood and without stimulation on circulating lymphocytes. Molecules such as CD30 can be proteolytically cleaved off the surface of activated cells in vivo, and the determination of the soluble protein (sCD30) in serum or plasma is performed by immunoassays. As promising biomarkers for rejection and long-term transplant outcome, CD28 (costimulatory receptor for CD80 and CD86), CD154 (CD40 ligand), and sCD30 (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 8) have been identified. Whereas cell function assays are time-consuming laboratory-developed tests which are difficult to standardize, commercial assays are frequently available for soluble proteins. Therefore, more data from clinical trials have been published for sCD30 compared with the surface antigens on activated T cells. This short review summarizes the association between selected surface antigens and immunosuppression, and rejection in solid organ transplantation.
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19
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Lee SC, Seo KW, Kim HJ, Kang SW, Choi HJ, Kim A, Kwon BS, Cho HR, Kwon B. Depletion of Alloreactive T-Cells by Anti-CD137-Saporin Immunotoxin. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:1167-81. [DOI: 10.3727/096368914x679327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of alloreactive T-lymphocytes from allogeneic bone marrow tansplants may prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) without impairing donor cell engraftment, immunity, and the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect. Alloreactive T-cells may be identified by their expression, upon activation, of CD137, a costimulatory receptor and putative surrogate marker for antigen-specific effector T-cells. In this context, we tested the use of anti-CD137-saporin immunotoxin to selectively deplete mouse and human alloreactive T-cells. Anti-CD137 antibodies were internalized by cells within 4 h of binding to the cell surface CD137, and anti-CD137-saporin immunotoxin effectively killed polyclonally activated T-cells or antigen-stimulated T-cells. Transfer of donor T-cells after allodepletion with anti-CD137-saporin immunotoxin failed to induce any evident expression of GVHD; however, a significant GVL effect was observed. Targeting of CD137 with an immunotoxin was also effective in killing polyclonally activated or alloreactive human T-cells. Our results indicate that anti-CD137-saporin immunotoxin may be used to deplete alloreactive T-cells prior to bone marrow transplantation and thereby prevent GVHD and the relapse of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang C. Lee
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Personalized Medicine System R&D Center, Bio-support Co., Ltd., Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang W. Seo
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye J. Kim
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang W. Kang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Choi
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ansuk Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung S. Kwon
- Division of Cell and Immunobiology and Research and Development Center for Cancer Therapeutics, National Cancer Center, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong R. Cho
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungsuk Kwon
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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20
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D’Amico E, Caserta C, Patti F. Monoclonal antibody therapy in multiple sclerosis: critical appraisal and new perspectives. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:251-68. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1008458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Ata P, Kara M, Özdemir E, Canbakan M, Gökçe AM, Bayraktar FA, Şahin G, Özel L, Titiz MI. Monitoring of CD3(+) T-cell count in patients receiving antithymocyte globulin induction after cadaveric renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:929-31. [PMID: 23622590 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.02.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM Although antithymocyte globulin (ATG) has been used for years, its ideal dose and administration period is obscure. Herein, we sought to use the CD3(+) cell count to detect the optimal ATG dosage. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one patients who underwent cadaveric donor renal transplantation from January 2009 to January 2012 received a 1 mg/kg ATG initial dose at the time of the operation. Patients were randomized into 2 cohorts. Group 1 (n = 11) received ATG according to the clinical and total lymphocyte count and group 2 (n = 10), the dose was tailored according to the CD3(+) cell count. We compared the total and daily ATG dosages, ATG administration period, side effects of ATG, the number of days to a serum creatinine level <2 mg/dL, graft function at 3 months, acute rejection episodes, infection rates, costs of CD3(+) analysis, and ATG amounts. RESULTS Both groups showed similar gender, age, and human leukocyte antigen matching data. There was no difference in presensitizing events or panel-reactive antibody class 1 and 2 levels. The number of days to a serum creatinine level of <2 mg/dL was 11 ± 1.5 for group 1 versus 10.4 ± 0.8 for group 2 (P = .45). Between groups 1 and 2, there was a significant difference between the mean total (P = .031) and mean daily ATG dosages (P = .006). We used a total dose of 3800 mg ATG for group 1 and 2200 mg for group 2 and for the group 2 who underwent 43 CD3(+) cell counts. The expenditure per patient was 20% higher among group 1 than group 2. CONCLUSION Determination of appropriate ATG dosages by CD3(+) cell counts was useful, reliable, and cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ata
- Department of Transplantation and 1st General Surgery, Haydarpasa Numune Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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22
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Hess SM, Young EF, Miller KR, Vincent BG, Buntzman AS, Collins EJ, Frelinger JA, Hess PR. Deletion of naïve T cells recognizing the minor histocompatibility antigen HY with toxin-coupled peptide-MHC class I tetramers inhibits cognate CTL responses and alters immunodominance. Transpl Immunol 2013; 29:138-45. [PMID: 24161680 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alloreactive T-cell responses directed against minor histocompatibility (H) antigens, which arise from diverse genetic disparities between donor and recipient outside the MHC, are an important cause of rejection of MHC-matched grafts. Because clinically significant responses appear to be directed at only a few antigens, the selective deletion of naïve T cells recognizing donor-specific, immunodominant minor H antigens in recipients before transplantation may be a useful tolerogenic strategy. We have previously demonstrated that peptide-MHC class I tetramers coupled to a toxin can efficiently eliminate specific TCR-transgenic T cells in vivo. Here, using the minor histocompatibility antigen HY as a model, we investigated whether toxic tetramers could inhibit the subsequent priming of the two H2-D(b)-restricted, immunodominant T-cell responses by deleting precursor CTL. Immunization of female mice with male bone marrow elicited robust CTL activity against the Uty and Smcy epitopes, with Uty constituting the major response. As hypothesized, toxic tetramer administration prior to immunization increased survival of cognate peptide-pulsed cells in an in vivo CTL assay, and reduced the frequency of corresponding T cells. However, tetramer-mediated decreases in either T-cell population magnified CTL responses against the non-targeted epitope, suggesting that D(b)-Uty(+) and D(b)-Smcy(+) T cells compete for a limited common resource during priming. Toxic tetramers conceivably could be used in combination to dissect manipulate CD8(+) T-cell immunodominance hierarchies, and to prevent the induction of donor-specific, minor H antigen CTL responses in allotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina M Hess
- Immunology Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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23
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Ayasoufi K, Yu H, Fan R, Wang X, Williams J, Valujskikh A. Pretransplant antithymocyte globulin has increased efficacy in controlling donor-reactive memory T cells in mice. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:589-99. [PMID: 23331999 PMCID: PMC4014010 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated lymphocyte depletion is frequently used as induction therapy in sensitized transplant patients. Although T cells with an effector/memory phenotype remain detectable after lymphoablative therapies in human transplant recipients, the role of preexisting donor-reactive memory in reconstitution of the T cell repertoire and induction of alloimmune responses following lymphoablation is poorly understood. We show in a mouse cardiac transplantation model that antidonor immune responses following treatment with rabbit antimouse thymocyte globulin (mATG) were dominated by T cells derived from the preexisting memory compartment. Administration of mATG 1 week prior to transplantation (pre-TP) was more efficient in targeting preexisting donor-reactive memory T cells, inhibiting overall antidonor T cell responses, and prolonging heart allograft survival than the commonly used treatment at the time of transplantation (peri-TP). The failure of peri-TP mATG to control antidonor memory responses was due to faster recovery of preexisting memory T cells rather than their inefficient depletion. This rapid recovery did not depend on T cell specificity for donor alloantigens suggesting an important role for posttransplant inflammation in this process. Our findings provide insights into the components of the alloimmune response remaining after lymphoablation and may help guide the future use of ATG in sensitized transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Immunology and the Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ran Fan
- Department of Immunology and the Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Immunology and the Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Immunology and the Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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24
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Carvello M, Petrelli A, Vergani A, Lee KM, Tezza S, Chin M, Orsenigo E, Staudacher C, Secchi A, Dunussi-Joannopoulos K, Sayegh MH, Markmann JF, Fiorina P. Inotuzumab ozogamicin murine analog-mediated B-cell depletion reduces anti-islet allo- and autoimmune responses. Diabetes 2012; 61:155-65. [PMID: 22076927 PMCID: PMC3237644 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
B cells participate in the priming of the allo- and autoimmune responses, and their depletion can thus be advantageous for islet transplantation. Herein, we provide an extensive study of the effect of B-cell depletion in murine models of islet transplantation. Islet transplantation was performed in hyperglycemic B-cell-deficient(μMT) mice, in a purely alloimmune setting (BALB/c into hyperglycemic C57BL/6), in a purely autoimmune setting (NOD.SCID into hyperglycemic NOD), and in a mixed allo-/autoimmune setting (BALB/c into hyperglycemic NOD). Inotuzumab ozogamicin murine analog (anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody conjugated with calicheamicin [anti-CD22/cal]) efficiently depleted B cells in all three models of islet transplantation examined. Islet graft survival was significantly prolonged in B-cell-depleted mice compared with control groups in transplants of islets from BALB/c into C57BL/6 (mean survival time [MST]: 16.5 vs. 12.0 days; P = 0.004), from NOD.SCID into NOD (MST: 23.5 vs. 14.0 days; P = 0.03), and from BALB/c into NOD (MST: 12.0 vs. 5.5 days; P = 0.003). In the BALB/c into B-cell-deficient mice model, islet survival was prolonged as well (MST: μMT = 32.5 vs. WT = 14 days; P = 0.002). Pathology revealed reduced CD3(+) cell islet infiltration and confirmed the absence of B cells in treated mice. Mechanistically, effector T cells were reduced in number, concomitant with a peripheral Th2 profile skewing and ex vivo recipient hyporesponsiveness toward donor-derived antigen as well as islet autoantigens. Finally, an anti-CD22/cal and CTLA4-Ig-based combination therapy displayed remarkable prolongation of graft survival in the stringent model of islet transplantation (BALB/c into NOD). Anti-CD22/cal-mediated B-cell depletion promotes the reduction of the anti-islet immune response in various models of islet transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/drug effects
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity/physiology
- Autoimmunity/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/cytology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Death/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Graft Survival/immunology
- Inotuzumab Ozogamicin
- Islets of Langerhans/drug effects
- Islets of Langerhans/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/immunology
- Islets of Langerhans Transplantation/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Mice, Transgenic
- Transplantation Tolerance/drug effects
- Transplantation Tolerance/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Carvello
- Transplant Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Petrelli
- Nephrology Division, Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Vergani
- Nephrology Division, Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kang Mi Lee
- Transplant Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Tezza
- Nephrology Division, Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Melissa Chin
- Nephrology Division, Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elena Orsenigo
- Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Staudacher
- Department of Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Secchi
- Department of Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mohamed H. Sayegh
- Nephrology Division, Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James F. Markmann
- Transplant Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Nephrology Division, Transplantation Research Center, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Corresponding author: Paolo Fiorina,
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25
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Dai H, Chen J, Shao W, Wang F, Xu S, Peng Y, Lin Y, Xia J, Ekberg H, Wang X, Qi Z. Blockade of CD27/CD70 pathway to reduce the generation of memory T cells and markedly prolong the survival of heart allografts in presensitized mice. Transpl Immunol 2011; 24:195-202. [PMID: 21396447 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alloreactive memory T cells are a major obstacle to transplantation acceptance due to their capacity for accelerated rejection. METHODS C57BL/6 mice that had rejected BALB/c skin grafts 4 weeks earlier were used as recipients. The recipient mice were treated with anti-CD154/LFA-1 with or without anti-CD70 during the primary skin transplantation and anti-CD154/LFA-1 or not during the secondary transplantation of BALB/c heart. We evaluated the impact of combinations of antibody-mediated blockade on the generation of memory T cells and graft survival after fully MHC-mismatched transplantations. RESULTS One month after the primary skin transplantation, the proportions of CD4(+) memory T cells/CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+)memory T cells/CD8(+) T cells in the anti-CD154/LFA-1 combination group were 47.32±4.28% and 23.18±2.77%, respectively. In the group that included anti-CD70 treatment, the proportions were reduced to 34.10±2.71% and 12.19±3.52% (P<0.05 when comparing the proportion of memory T cells between the two groups). The addition of anti-CD70 to the treatment regimen prolonged the mean survival time following secondary heart transplantation from 10days to more than 90days (P<0.001). Furthermore, allogenic proliferation of recipient splenic T cells and graft-infiltrating lymphocytes were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the proportion of regulatory T cells was increased to 9.46±1.48% on day 100 post-transplantation (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The addition of anti-CD70 to the anti-CD154/LFA-1 combination given during the primary transplantation reduced the generation of memory T cells. This therapy regimen provided a potential means to alleviate the accelerated rejection mediated by memory T cells during secondary heart transplantation and markedly prolong the survival of heart allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Dai
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Fujian Province, PR China
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26
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Wang F, Chen J, Shao W, Xie B, Wang Y, Lan T, Thorlacius H, Qi Z. Anti-CD44 Monoclonal Antibody Inhibits Heart Transplant Rejection Mediated by Alloantigen-primed CD4+Memory T Cells in Nude Mice. Immunol Invest 2010; 39:807-19. [DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2010.497833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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27
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McLin VA, Belli DC, Posfay-Barbe KM. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and solid organ transplant recipients: are children protected? Pediatr Transplant 2010; 14:19-22. [PMID: 20078839 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3046.2009.01265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The IRIS was initially described in HIV-positive patients as a sudden clinical deterioration after the introduction of highly active retroviral therapy. It is believed that IRIS is caused by a restored and exaggerated inflammatory immune response to different infectious or non-infectious triggers. This abnormal response is the consequence of an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory states. Recently, IRIS has also been reported in adult SOT recipients, causing local and systemic manifestations, and compromising long-term graft function and patient survival. However, IRIS has to date not been reported in pediatric SOT recipients. Here we review what is known and speculated about the pathogenesis of IRIS and propose that children may be relatively protected from IRIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie A McLin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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