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Fiege JK, Beura LK, Burbach BJ, Shimizu Y. Adhesion- and Degranulation-Promoting Adapter Protein Promotes CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Resident Memory Formation and Function during an Acute Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2016; 197:2079-89. [PMID: 27521337 PMCID: PMC5010998 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During acute infections, naive Ag-specific CD8 T cells are activated and differentiate into effector T cells, most of which undergo contraction after pathogen clearance. A small population of CD8 T cells persists as memory to protect against future infections. We investigated the role of adhesion- and degranulation-promoting adapter protein (ADAP) in promoting CD8 T cell responses to a systemic infection. Naive Ag-specific CD8 T cells lacking ADAP exhibited a modest expansion defect early after Listeria monocytogenes or vesicular stomatitis virus infection but comparable cytolytic function at the peak of response. However, reduced numbers of ADAP-deficient CD8 T cells were present in the spleen after the peak of the response. ADAP deficiency resulted in a greater frequency of CD127(+) CD8 memory precursors in secondary lymphoid organs during the contraction phase. Reduced numbers of ADAP-deficient killer cell lectin-like receptor G1(-) CD8 resident memory T (TRM) cell precursors were present in a variety of nonlymphoid tissues at the peak of the immune response, and consequently the total numbers of ADAP-deficient TRM cells were reduced at memory time points. TRM cells that did form in the absence of ADAP were defective in effector molecule expression. ADAP-deficient TRM cells exhibited impaired effector function after Ag rechallenge, correlating with defects in their ability to form T cell-APC conjugates. However, ADAP-deficient TRM cells responded to TGF-β signals and recruited circulating memory CD8 T cells. Thus, ADAP regulates CD8 T cell differentiation events following acute pathogen challenge that are critical for the formation and selected functions of TRM cells in nonlymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Fiege
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Lalit K Beura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Brandon J Burbach
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Yoji Shimizu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
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Rajasekaran K, Riese MJ, Rao S, Wang L, Thakar MS, Sentman CL, Malarkannan S. Signaling in Effector Lymphocytes: Insights toward Safer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2016; 7:176. [PMID: 27242783 PMCID: PMC4863891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors on T and NK cells systematically propagate highly complex signaling cascades that direct immune effector functions, leading to protective immunity. While extensive studies have delineated hundreds of signaling events that take place upon receptor engagement, the precise molecular mechanism that differentially regulates the induction or repression of a unique effector function is yet to be fully defined. Such knowledge can potentiate the tailoring of signal transductions and transform cancer immunotherapies. Targeted manipulations of signaling cascades can augment one effector function such as antitumor cytotoxicity while contain the overt generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to treatment-related toxicity such as “cytokine storm” and “cytokine-release syndrome” or lead to autoimmune diseases. Here, we summarize how individual signaling molecules or nodes may be optimally targeted to permit selective ablation of toxic immune side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalakannan Rajasekaran
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute , Milwaukee, WI , USA
| | - Matthew J Riese
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Transcriptional Regulation, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI , USA
| | - Monica S Thakar
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Charles L Sentman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Synthetic Immunity at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH , USA
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Engelmann S, Togni M, Thielitz A, Reichardt P, Kliche S, Reinhold D, Schraven B, Reinhold A. T cell-independent modulation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in ADAP-deficient mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:4950-9. [PMID: 24101551 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion- and degranulation-promoting adaptor protein (ADAP), expressed in T cells, myeloid cells, and platelets, is known to regulate receptor-mediated inside-out signaling leading to integrin activation and adhesion. In this study, we demonstrate that, upon induction of active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by immunization with the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55 peptide, ADAP-deficient mice developed a significantly milder clinical course of EAE and showed markedly less inflammatory infiltrates in the CNS than wild-type mice. Moreover, ADAP-deficient recipients failed to induce EAE after adoptive transfer of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific TCR-transgenic T cells (2D2 T cells). In addition, ex vivo fully activated 2D2 T cells induced significantly less severe EAE in ADAP-deficient recipients. The ameliorated disease in the absence of ADAP was not due to expansion or deletion of a particular T cell subset but rather because of a strong reduction of all inflammatory leukocyte populations invading the CNS. Monitoring the adoptively transferred 2D2 T cells over time demonstrated that they accumulated within the lymph nodes of ADAP-deficient hosts. Importantly, transfer of complete wild-type bone marrow or even bone marrow of 2D2 TCR-transgenic mice was unable to reconstitute EAE in the ADAP-deficient animals, indicating that the milder EAE was dependent on (a) radio-resistant nonhematopoietic cell population(s). Two-photon microscopy of lymph node explants revealed that adoptively transferred lymphocytes accumulated at lymphatic vessels in the lymph nodes of ADAP-deficient mice. Thus, our data identify a T cell-independent mechanism of EAE modulation in ADAP-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swen Engelmann
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto von Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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Liu X, Song P, Tian J, Zhou S, Yan S, Tan Z, Haller H, Rong S. A simple novel technique for heterotopic intestinal transplantation in mice. Transplant Proc 2012; 45:654-8. [PMID: 23267791 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2012.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The murine heterotopic intestinal transplant model is of particular value for addressing the unique immune response in the gut and addressing the underlying immune mechanism during transplantation. Anastomotic stenosis, anastomotic bleeding, and septic shock continue to hamper procedures and plague the success. In this study, we assessed a refined technique designed to improve the success of heterotopic intestinal transplant in mice. Important factors in our refined technique included (1) a refined procedure for graft portal vein preparation, (2) a novel procedure for graft exteriorization, and most importantly (3) a knotless suturing technique designed to allow the surgeon to alter the size of the anastomosis, thus reducing anastomotic bleeding and stenosis rate. Our refined knotless method improved recipient survival to 67.5% when compared to the standard technique (53.8%). In comparison to standard knot suturing technique, which had an anastomotic stenosis rate of 8.3%, the knotless suturing technique significantly reduced the rate of anastomotic stenosis to only 2.4%. Anastomotic bleeding presented in the knotless technique in only 1.2%, whereas it presented in 6.2%, of mice in the standard technique (P < .05). This refined knotless technique offers an easy and effective method for murine heterotopic intestinal transplantation.
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MESH Headings
- Anastomosis, Surgical
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/surgery
- Blood Loss, Surgical/prevention & control
- Female
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/etiology
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/prevention & control
- Graft Rejection/etiology
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Jejunum/transplantation
- Male
- Mesenteric Artery, Superior/surgery
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Organ Transplantation/adverse effects
- Organ Transplantation/methods
- Portal Vein/surgery
- Suture Techniques
- Transplantation, Heterotopic
- Vascular Grafting/adverse effects
- Vena Cava, Inferior/surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Togni M, Engelmann S, Reinhold D, Schraven B, Reinhold A. The adapter protein ADAP is required for selected dendritic cell functions. Cell Commun Signal 2012; 10:14. [PMID: 22672517 PMCID: PMC3403907 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-10-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cytosolic adaptor protein ADAP (adhesion and degranulation promoting adapter protein) is expressed by T cells, natural killer cells, myeloid cells and platelets. ADAP is involved in T-cell-receptor-mediated inside-out signaling, which leads to integrin activation, adhesion and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. However, little is known about the role of ADAP in myeloid cells. In the present study, we analyzed the function of ADAP in bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from ADAP-deficient mice. Results ADAP-deficient BMDCs showed almost normal levels of antigen uptake, adhesion, maturation, migration from the periphery to the draining lymph nodes, antigen-specific T-cell activation, and production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-∝. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the activation of signaling pathways after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation are not affected by the loss of ADAP. In contrast, ADAP-deficient BMDCs showed defects in CD11c-mediated cellular responses, with significantly diminished production of IL-6, TNF-∝ and IL-10. Actin polymerization was enhanced after CD11c integrin stimulation. Conclusions In summary, we propose that the adapter molecule ADAP is critical for selected CD11c integrin-mediated functions of dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Togni
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
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Molinero LL, Alegre ML. Role of T cell-nuclear factor κB in transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2011; 26:189-200. [PMID: 22074783 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF) κB is a pleiotropic transcription factor that is ubiquitously expressed. After transplantation of solid organs, NF-κB in the graft is activated within a few hours as a consequence of ischemia/reperfusion and then again after a few days in intragraft infiltrating cells during the process of acute allograft rejection. In the present article, we review the components of the NF-κB pathway, their mechanisms of activation, and their role in T cell and antigen-presenting cell activation and differentiation and in solid organ allograft rejection. Targeted inhibition of NF-κB in selected cell types may promote graft survival with fewer adverse effects compared with global immunosuppressive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L Molinero
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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