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Sanders AE, Arnesen H, Shepherd FK, Putri DS, Fiege JK, Pierson MJ, Roach SN, Carlsen H, Masopust D, Boysen P, Langlois RA. Comparison of mouse models of microbial experience reveals differences in microbial diversity and response to vaccination. mSphere 2024; 9:e0065423. [PMID: 38286428 PMCID: PMC10900878 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00654-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Specific pathogen-free (SPF) laboratory mice dominate preclinical studies for immunology and vaccinology. Unfortunately, SPF mice often fail to accurately model human responses to vaccination and other immunological perturbations. Several groups have taken different approaches to introduce additional microbial experience to SPF mice to better model human immune experience. How these different models compare is unknown. Here, we directly compare three models: housing SPF mice in a microbe-rich barn-like environment (feralizing), adding wild-caught mice to the barn-like environment (fer-cohoused), or cohousing SPF mice with pet store mice in a barrier facility (pet-cohoused); the two latter representing different murine sources of microbial transmission. Pet-cohousing mice resulted in the greatest microbial exposure. Feralizing alone did not result in the transmission of any pathogens tested, while fer-cohousing resulted in the transmission of several picornaviruses. Murine astrovirus 2, the most common pathogen from pet store mice, was absent from the other two model systems. Previously, we had shown that pet-cohousing reduced the antibody response to vaccination compared with SPF mice. This was not recapitulated in either the feralized or fer-cohoused mice. These data indicate that not all dirty mouse models are equivalent in either microbial experience or immune responses to vaccination. These disparities suggest that more cross model comparisons are needed but also represent opportunities to uncover microbe combination-specific phenotypes and develop more refined experimental models. Given the breadth of microbes encountered by humans across the globe, multiple model systems may be needed to accurately recapitulate heterogenous human immune responses.IMPORTANCEAnimal models are an essential tool for evaluating clinical interventions. Unfortunately, they can often fail to accurately predict outcomes when translated into humans. This failure is due in part to a lack of natural infections experienced by most laboratory animals. To improve the mouse model, we and others have exposed laboratory mice to microbes they would experience in the wild. Although these models have been growing in popularity, these different models have not been specifically compared. Here, we directly compare how three different models of microbial experience impact the immune response to influenza vaccination. We find that these models are not the same and that the degree of microbial exposure affects the magnitude of the response to vaccination. These results provide an opportunity for the field to continue comparing and contrasting these systems to determine which models best recapitulate different aspects of the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn E Sanders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Henriette Arnesen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Frances K Shepherd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dira S Putri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jessica K Fiege
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mark J Pierson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shanley N Roach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Harald Carlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Preben Boysen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
Animal models are a critical tool in modern biology. To increase reproducibility and to reduce confounding variables modern animal models exclude many microbes, including key natural commensals and pathogens. Here we discuss recent strategies to incorporate a natural microbiota to laboratory mouse models and the impacts the microbiota has on immune responses, with a focus on viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Fiege
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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3
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Roach SN, Fiege JK, Shepherd FK, Wiggen TD, Hunter RC, Langlois RA. Respiratory Influenza Virus Infection Causes Dynamic Tuft Cell and Innate Lymphoid Cell Changes in the Small Intestine. J Virol 2022; 96:e0035222. [PMID: 35446142 PMCID: PMC9093116 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00352-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) can cause severe disease and death in humans. IAV infection and the accompanying immune response can result in systemic inflammation, leading to intestinal damage and disruption of the intestinal microbiome. Here, we demonstrate that a specific subset of epithelial cells, tuft cells, increase across the small intestine during active respiratory IAV infection. Upon viral clearance, tuft cell numbers return to baseline levels. Intestinal tuft cell increases were not protective against disease, as animals with either increased tuft cells or a lack of tuft cells did not have any change in disease morbidity after infection. Respiratory IAV infection also caused transient increases in type 1 and 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1 and ILC2, respectively) in the small intestine. ILC2 increases were significantly blunted in the absence of tuft cells, whereas ILC1s were unaffected. Unlike the intestines, ILCs in the lungs were not altered in the absence of tuft cells. This work establishes that respiratory IAV infection causes dynamic changes to tuft cells and ILCs in the small intestines and that tuft cells are necessary for the infection-induced increase in small intestine ILC2s. These intestinal changes in tuft cell and ILC populations may represent unexplored mechanisms preventing systemic infection and/or contributing to severe disease in humans with preexisting conditions. IMPORTANCE Influenza A virus (IAV) is a respiratory infection in humans that can lead to a wide range of symptoms and disease severity. Respiratory infection can cause systemic inflammation and damage in the intestines. Few studies have explored how inflammation alters the intestinal environment. We found that active infection caused an increase in the epithelial population called tuft cells as well as type 1 and 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the small intestine. In the absence of tuft cells, this increase in type 2 ILCs was seriously blunted, whereas type 1 ILCs still increased. These findings indicate that tuft cells are necessary for infection-induced changes in small intestine type 2 ILCs and implicate tuft cells as regulators of the intestinal environment in response to systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanley N. Roach
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jessica K. Fiege
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Frances K. Shepherd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Talia D. Wiggen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan C. Hunter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan A. Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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4
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Randolph HE, Fiege JK, Thielen BK, Mickelson CK, Shiratori M, Barroso-Batista J, Langlois RA, Barreiro LB. Genetic ancestry effects on the response to viral infection are pervasive but cell type specific. Science 2021; 374:1127-1133. [PMID: 34822289 PMCID: PMC8957271 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg0928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Humans differ in their susceptibility to infectious disease, partly owing to variation in the immune response after infection. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to quantify variation in the response to influenza infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from European- and African-ancestry males. Genetic ancestry effects are common but highly cell type specific. Higher levels of European ancestry are associated with increased type I interferon pathway activity in early infection, which predicts reduced viral titers at later time points. Substantial population-associated variation is explained by cis-expression quantitative trait loci that are differentiated by genetic ancestry. Furthermore, genetic ancestry–associated genes are enriched among genes correlated with COVID-19 disease severity, suggesting that the early immune response contributes to ancestry-associated differences for multiple viral infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Randolph
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jessica K Fiege
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Beth K Thielen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Clayton K Mickelson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mari Shiratori
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - João Barroso-Batista
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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5
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Fiege JK, Block KE, Pierson MJ, Nanda H, Shepherd FK, Mickelson CK, Stolley JM, Matchett WE, Wijeyesinghe S, Meyerholz DK, Vezys V, Shen SS, Hamilton SE, Masopust D, Langlois RA. Mice with diverse microbial exposure histories as a model for preclinical vaccine testing. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1815-1827.e6. [PMID: 34731647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory mice comprise an expeditious model for preclinical vaccine testing; however, vaccine immunogenicity in these models often inadequately translates to humans. Reconstituting physiologic microbial experience to specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice induces durable immunological changes that better recapitulate human immunity. We examined whether mice with diverse microbial experience better model human responses post vaccination. We co-housed laboratory mice with pet-store mice, which have varied microbial exposures, and then assessed immune responses to influenza vaccines. Human transcriptional responses to influenza vaccination are better recapitulated in co-housed mice. Although SPF and co-housed mice were comparably susceptible to acute influenza infection, vaccine-induced humoral responses were dampened in co-housed mice, resulting in poor control upon challenge. Additionally, protective heterosubtypic T cell immunity was compromised in co-housed mice. Because SPF mice exaggerated humoral and T cell protection upon influenza vaccination, reconstituting microbial experience in laboratory mice through co-housing may better inform preclinical vaccine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Fiege
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Katharine E Block
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mark J Pierson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Hezkiel Nanda
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Frances K Shepherd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Clayton K Mickelson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - J Michael Stolley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - William E Matchett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sathi Wijeyesinghe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Vaiva Vezys
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Steven S Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Sara E Hamilton
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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6
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Fiege JK, Thiede JM, Nanda HA, Matchett WE, Moore PJ, Montanari NR, Thielen BK, Daniel J, Stanley E, Hunter RC, Menachery VD, Shen SS, Bold TD, Langlois RA. Single cell resolution of SARS-CoV-2 tropism, antiviral responses, and susceptibility to therapies in primary human airway epithelium. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009292. [PMID: 33507952 PMCID: PMC7872261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human airway epithelium is the initial site of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used flow cytometry and single cell RNA-sequencing to understand how the heterogeneity of this diverse cell population contributes to elements of viral tropism and pathogenesis, antiviral immunity, and treatment response to remdesivir. We found that, while a variety of epithelial cell types are susceptible to infection, ciliated cells are the predominant cell target of SARS-CoV-2. The host protease TMPRSS2 was required for infection of these cells. Importantly, remdesivir treatment effectively inhibited viral replication across cell types, and blunted hyperinflammatory responses. Induction of interferon responses within infected cells was rare and there was significant heterogeneity in the antiviral gene signatures, varying with the burden of infection in each cell. We also found that heavily infected secretory cells expressed abundant IL-6, a potential mediator of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Fiege
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Joshua M. Thiede
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hezkiel Arya Nanda
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - William E. Matchett
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Noe Rico Montanari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Beth K. Thielen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jerry Daniel
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Emma Stanley
- University of Minnesota Genomics Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ryan C. Hunter
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Vineet D. Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steven S. Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tyler D. Bold
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ryan A. Langlois
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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7
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Fiege JK, Thiede JM, Nanda H, Matchett WE, Moore PJ, Montanari NR, Thielen BK, Daniel J, Stanley E, Hunter RC, Menachery VD, Shen SS, Bold TD, Langlois RA. Single cell resolution of SARS-CoV-2 tropism, antiviral responses, and susceptibility to therapies in primary human airway epithelium. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 33106802 PMCID: PMC7587775 DOI: 10.1101/2020.10.19.343954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The human airway epithelium is the initial site of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We used flow cytometry and single cell RNA-sequencing to understand how the heterogeneity of this diverse cell population contributes to elements of viral tropism and pathogenesis, antiviral immunity, and treatment response to remdesivir. We found that, while a variety of epithelial cell types are susceptible to infection, ciliated cells are the predominant cell target of SARS-CoV-2. The host protease TMPRSS2 was required for infection of these cells. Importantly, remdesivir treatment effectively inhibited viral replication across cell types, and blunted hyperinflammatory responses. Induction of interferon responses within infected cells was rare and there was significant heterogeneity in the antiviral gene signatures, varying with the burden of infection in each cell. We also found that heavily infected secretory cells expressed abundant IL-6, a potential mediator of COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Fiege
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Joshua M Thiede
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota
| | - Hezkiel Nanda
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota
| | - William E Matchett
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Patrick J Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Beth K Thielen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota
| | | | | | - Ryan C Hunter
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch
| | - Steven S Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota
| | - Tyler D Bold
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota.,Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota
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8
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Gniadek TJ, Thiede JM, Matchett WE, Gress AR, Pape KA, Fiege JK, Jenkins MK, Menachery VD, Langlois RA, Bold TD. SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and serology testing of COVID-19 convalescent plasma from donors with nonsevere disease. Transfusion 2020; 61:17-23. [PMID: 32935872 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transfer of passive immunity with convalescent plasma is a promising strategy for treatment and prevention of COVID-19, but donors with a history of nonsevere disease are serologically heterogenous. The relationship between SARS-Cov-2 antigen-binding activity and neutralization activity in this population of donors has not been defined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Convalescent plasma units from 47 individuals with a history of nonsevere COVID-19 were assessed for antigen-binding activity of using three clinical diagnostic serology assays (Beckman, DiaSorin, and Roche) with different SARS-CoV-2 targets. These results were compared with functional neutralization activity using a fluorescent reporter strain of SARS-CoV-2 in a microwell assay. RESULTS Positive correlations of varying strength (Spearman r = 0.37-0.52) between antigen binding and viral neutralization were identified. Donors age 48 to 75 years had the highest neutralization activity. Units in the highest tertile of binding activity for each assay were enriched (75%-82%) for those with the highest levels of neutralization. CONCLUSION The strength of the relationship between antigen-binding activity and neutralization varies depending on the clinical assay used. Units in the highest tertile of binding activity for each assay are predominantly comprised of those with the greatest neutralization activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Gniadek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Joshua M Thiede
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - William E Matchett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Abigail R Gress
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kathryn A Pape
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jessica K Fiege
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marc K Jenkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tyler D Bold
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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9
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Fiege JK, Block KE, Pierson MJ, Pape KA, Jenkins MK, Hamilton SE, Masopust D, Langlois RA. Evaluating Influenza A virus vaccines in a dirty mouse model better mimics the human immune response. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.245.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Current seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines often exhibit reduced efficacy to seasonal strains and offer limited protection to novel pandemics. A number of therapies, including vaccines, that are successful in mice often fail to translate to humans. This could be due to housing animals in specific pathogen free (SPF) conditions. Humans are exposed to a variety of natural host pathogens that SPF mice are protected from. Unlike SPF mice, the immune system of pet store mice more closely recapitulates the immune system of humans. When SPF mice are co-housed with pet store mice harboring natural mouse pathogens, termed dirty mice, these co-housed mice obtain phenotypes observed in the human immune system. In order to determine if dirty mice are an improved mouse model for vaccine development/testing, we sought to study the adaptive immune response to IAV in dirty mice. We infected SPF housed mice or dirty mice with IAV and assessed viral replication, clearance and adaptive immune responses. When we assessed memory responses to IAV in control or dirty mice, we observed altered B and T cell responses in dirty mice. These data demonstrate the importance of studying IAV in the dirty mouse model to facilitate more effective vaccine development and testing before human studies are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Fiege
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Katharine E Block
- 2Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Mark J Pierson
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Kathryn A Pape
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Marc K Jenkins
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Sara E Hamilton
- 2Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - David Masopust
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
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10
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Fiege JK, Stone IA, Dumm RE, Waring BM, Fife BT, Agudo J, Brown BD, Heaton NS, Langlois RA. Long-term surviving influenza infected cells evade CD8+ T cell mediated clearance. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008077. [PMID: 31557273 PMCID: PMC6782110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a seasonal pathogen with the potential to cause devastating pandemics. IAV infects multiple epithelial cell subsets in the respiratory tract, eliciting damage to the lungs. Clearance of IAV is primarily dependent on CD8+ T cells, which must balance control of the infection with immunopathology. Using a virus expressing Cre recombinase to permanently label infected cells in a Cre-inducible reporter mouse, we previously discovered infected club cells that survive both lytic virus replication and CD8+ T cell-mediated clearance. In this study, we demonstrate that ciliated epithelial cells, type I and type II alveolar cells can also become survivor cells. Survivor cells are stable in the lung long-term and demonstrate enhanced proliferation compared to uninfected cells. When we investigated how survivor cells evade CD8+ T cell killing we observed that survivor cells upregulated the inhibitory ligand PD-L1, but survivor cells did not use PD-L1 to evade CD8+ T cell killing. Instead our data suggest that survivor cells are not inherently resistant to CD8+ T cell killing, but instead no longer present IAV antigen and cannot be detected by CD8+ T cells. Finally, we evaluate the failure of CD8+ T cells to kill these previously infected cells. This work demonstrates that additional cell types can survive IAV infection and that these cells robustly proliferate and are stable long term. By sparing previously infected cells, the adaptive immune system may be minimizing pathology associated with IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Fiege
- University of Minnesota, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Immunology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Stone
- University of Minnesota, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Immunology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Rebekah E. Dumm
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Barbara M. Waring
- University of Minnesota, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Immunology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Brian T. Fife
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine and the Center for Immunology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Judith Agudo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Brown
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas S. Heaton
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ryan A. Langlois
- University of Minnesota, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Immunology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Fiege JK, Stone IA, Fay EJ, Markman MW, Wijeyesinghe S, Macchietto MG, Shen S, Masopust D, Langlois RA. The Impact of TCR Signal Strength on Resident Memory T Cell Formation during Influenza Virus Infection. J Immunol 2019; 203:936-945. [PMID: 31235552 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Resident memory T cells (TRM) in the lung are vital for heterologous protection against influenza A virus (IAV). Environmental factors are necessary to establish lung TRM; however, the role of T cell-intrinsic factors like TCR signal strength have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the impact of TCR signal strength on the generation and maintenance of lung TRM after IAV infection. We inserted high- and low-affinity OT-I epitopes into IAV and infected mice after transfer of OT-I T cells. We uncovered a bias in TRM formation in the lung elicited by lower affinity TCR stimulation. TCR affinity did not impact the overall phenotype or long-term maintenance of lung TRM Overall, these findings demonstrate that TRM formation is negatively correlated with increased TCR signal strength. Lower affinity cells may have an advantage in forming TRM to ensure diversity in the Ag-specific repertoire in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Fiege
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ian A Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Elizabeth J Fay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Matthew W Markman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Sathi Wijeyesinghe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Marissa G Macchietto
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Steven Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; .,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.,Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
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12
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Banek CT, Knuepfer MM, Foss JD, Fiege JK, Asirvatham-Jeyaraj N, Van Helden D, Shimizu Y, Osborn JW. Resting Afferent Renal Nerve Discharge and Renal Inflammation: Elucidating the Role of Afferent and Efferent Renal Nerves in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate Salt Hypertension. Hypertension 2016; 68:1415-1423. [PMID: 27698066 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Renal sympathetic denervation (RDNx) has emerged as a novel therapy for hypertension; however, the therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. Efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity has recently been implicated in trafficking renal inflammatory immune cells and inflammatory chemokine and cytokine release. Several of these inflammatory mediators are known to activate or sensitize afferent nerves. This study aimed to elucidate the roles of efferent and afferent renal nerves in renal inflammation and hypertension in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt rat model. Uninephrectomized male Sprague-Dawley rats (275-300 g) underwent afferent-selective RDNx (n=10), total RDNx (n=10), or Sham (n=10) and were instrumented for the measurement of mean arterial pressure and heart rate by radiotelemetry. Rats received 100-mg DOCA (SC) and 0.9% saline for 21 days. Resting afferent renal nerve activity in DOCA and vehicle animals was measured after the treatment protocol. Renal tissue inflammation was assessed by renal cytokine content and T-cell infiltration and activation. Resting afferent renal nerve activity, expressed as a percent of peak afferent nerve activity, was substantially increased in DOCA than in vehicle (35.8±4.4 versus 15.3±2.8 %Amax). The DOCA-Sham hypertension (132±12 mm Hg) was attenuated by ≈50% in both total RDNx (111±8 mm Hg) and afferent-selective RDNx (117±5 mm Hg) groups. Renal inflammation induced by DOCA salt was attenuated by total RDNx and unaffected by afferent-selective RDNx. These data suggest that afferent renal nerve activity may mediate the hypertensive response to DOCA salt, but inflammation may be mediated primarily by efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity. Also, resting afferent renal nerve activity is elevated in DOCA salt rats, which may highlight a crucial neural mechanism in the development and maintenance of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Banek
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (C.T.B., J.D.F., N.A.-J., D.V.H., J.W.O.) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., Y.S), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis; and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO (M.M.K.)
| | - Mark M Knuepfer
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (C.T.B., J.D.F., N.A.-J., D.V.H., J.W.O.) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., Y.S), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis; and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO (M.M.K.)
| | - Jason D Foss
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (C.T.B., J.D.F., N.A.-J., D.V.H., J.W.O.) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., Y.S), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis; and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO (M.M.K.)
| | - Jessica K Fiege
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (C.T.B., J.D.F., N.A.-J., D.V.H., J.W.O.) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., Y.S), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis; and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO (M.M.K.)
| | - Ninitha Asirvatham-Jeyaraj
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (C.T.B., J.D.F., N.A.-J., D.V.H., J.W.O.) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., Y.S), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis; and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO (M.M.K.)
| | - Dusty Van Helden
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (C.T.B., J.D.F., N.A.-J., D.V.H., J.W.O.) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., Y.S), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis; and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO (M.M.K.)
| | - Yoji Shimizu
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (C.T.B., J.D.F., N.A.-J., D.V.H., J.W.O.) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., Y.S), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis; and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO (M.M.K.)
| | - John W Osborn
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (C.T.B., J.D.F., N.A.-J., D.V.H., J.W.O.) and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., Y.S), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis; and Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO (M.M.K.).
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13
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Asirvatham-Jeyaraj N, Fiege JK, Han R, Foss J, Banek CT, Burbach BJ, Razzoli M, Bartolomucci A, Shimizu Y, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Osborn JW. Renal Denervation Normalizes Arterial Pressure With No Effect on Glucose Metabolism or Renal Inflammation in Obese Hypertensive Mice. Hypertension 2016; 68:929-36. [PMID: 27550916 PMCID: PMC5016252 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension often occurs in concurrence with obesity and diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as metabolic syndrome. Renal denervation (RDNx) lowers arterial pressure (AP) and improves glucose metabolism in drug-resistant hypertensive patients with high body mass index. In addition, RDNx has been shown to reduce renal inflammation in the mouse model of angiotensin II hypertension. The present study tested the hypothesis that RDNx reduces AP and renal inflammation and improves glucose metabolism in obesity-induced hypertension. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low-fat diet (10 kcal%) or a high-fat diet (45 kcal%) for 10 weeks. Body weight, food intake, fasting blood glucose, and glucose metabolism (glucose tolerance test) were measured. In a parallel study, radiotelemeters were implanted in mice for AP measurement. High fat-fed C57BL/6J mice exhibited an inflammatory and metabolic syndrome phenotype, including increased fat mass, increased AP, and hyperglycemia compared with low-fat diet mice. RDNx, but not Sham surgery, normalized AP in high-fat diet mice (115.8±1.5 mm Hg in sham versus 96.6±6.7 mm Hg in RDNx). RDNx had no significant effect on AP in low-fat diet mice. Also, RDNx had no significant effect on glucose metabolism or renal inflammation as measured by the number of CD8, CD4, and T helper cells or levels of inflammatory cytokines in the kidneys. These results indicate that although renal nerves play a role in obesity-induced hypertension, they do not contribute to impaired glucose metabolism or renal inflammation in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninitha Asirvatham-Jeyaraj
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (N.A.-J., R.H., J.F., C.T.B., M.R., A.B., J.W.O.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., B.J.B., Y.S.), and Pediatrics (A.P.-M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Jessica K Fiege
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (N.A.-J., R.H., J.F., C.T.B., M.R., A.B., J.W.O.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., B.J.B., Y.S.), and Pediatrics (A.P.-M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Ruijun Han
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (N.A.-J., R.H., J.F., C.T.B., M.R., A.B., J.W.O.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., B.J.B., Y.S.), and Pediatrics (A.P.-M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Jason Foss
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (N.A.-J., R.H., J.F., C.T.B., M.R., A.B., J.W.O.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., B.J.B., Y.S.), and Pediatrics (A.P.-M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Christopher T Banek
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (N.A.-J., R.H., J.F., C.T.B., M.R., A.B., J.W.O.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., B.J.B., Y.S.), and Pediatrics (A.P.-M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Brandon J Burbach
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (N.A.-J., R.H., J.F., C.T.B., M.R., A.B., J.W.O.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., B.J.B., Y.S.), and Pediatrics (A.P.-M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Maria Razzoli
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (N.A.-J., R.H., J.F., C.T.B., M.R., A.B., J.W.O.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., B.J.B., Y.S.), and Pediatrics (A.P.-M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Alessandro Bartolomucci
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (N.A.-J., R.H., J.F., C.T.B., M.R., A.B., J.W.O.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., B.J.B., Y.S.), and Pediatrics (A.P.-M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Yoji Shimizu
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (N.A.-J., R.H., J.F., C.T.B., M.R., A.B., J.W.O.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., B.J.B., Y.S.), and Pediatrics (A.P.-M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (N.A.-J., R.H., J.F., C.T.B., M.R., A.B., J.W.O.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., B.J.B., Y.S.), and Pediatrics (A.P.-M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - John W Osborn
- From the Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (N.A.-J., R.H., J.F., C.T.B., M.R., A.B., J.W.O.), Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (J.K.F., B.J.B., Y.S.), and Pediatrics (A.P.-M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
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Fiege JK, Beura LK, Burbach BJ, Shimizu Y. Adhesion- and Degranulation-Promoting Adapter Protein Promotes CD8 T Cell Differentiation and Resident Memory Formation and Function during an Acute Infection. J Immunol 2016; 197:2079-89. [PMID: 27521337 PMCID: PMC5010998 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During acute infections, naive Ag-specific CD8 T cells are activated and differentiate into effector T cells, most of which undergo contraction after pathogen clearance. A small population of CD8 T cells persists as memory to protect against future infections. We investigated the role of adhesion- and degranulation-promoting adapter protein (ADAP) in promoting CD8 T cell responses to a systemic infection. Naive Ag-specific CD8 T cells lacking ADAP exhibited a modest expansion defect early after Listeria monocytogenes or vesicular stomatitis virus infection but comparable cytolytic function at the peak of response. However, reduced numbers of ADAP-deficient CD8 T cells were present in the spleen after the peak of the response. ADAP deficiency resulted in a greater frequency of CD127(+) CD8 memory precursors in secondary lymphoid organs during the contraction phase. Reduced numbers of ADAP-deficient killer cell lectin-like receptor G1(-) CD8 resident memory T (TRM) cell precursors were present in a variety of nonlymphoid tissues at the peak of the immune response, and consequently the total numbers of ADAP-deficient TRM cells were reduced at memory time points. TRM cells that did form in the absence of ADAP were defective in effector molecule expression. ADAP-deficient TRM cells exhibited impaired effector function after Ag rechallenge, correlating with defects in their ability to form T cell-APC conjugates. However, ADAP-deficient TRM cells responded to TGF-β signals and recruited circulating memory CD8 T cells. Thus, ADAP regulates CD8 T cell differentiation events following acute pathogen challenge that are critical for the formation and selected functions of TRM cells in nonlymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Fiege
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Lalit K Beura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Brandon J Burbach
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
| | - Yoji Shimizu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455; and
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15
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Langlois RA, Fiege JK. Indelible labeling and tracking of influenza virus infected antigen presenting cells. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.78.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Influenza A virus is a seasonal pathogen with the potential to unpredictably cause catastrophic pandemics. The virus primarily replicates in epithelial cells of the upper and lower respiratory tract but can also infect a spectrum of other cell lineages, including cells of the immune system. Classically infected cells have been tracked through detection of virus products (RNA or protein) or through virus-derived reporters. However, these methods cannot define any potentially remaining infected cells after active replication has ceased. Using a novel virus expressing Cre recombinase to indelibly label infected cells in reporter mice, we unexpectedly found that epithelial cells were capable of surviving influenza virus infection long-term (Heaton and Langlois et al J. Ex. Med. 2014). We have subsequently discovered that infected CD45+ immune cells are also capable of surviving acute influenza virus infection in vivo. Importantly this virus-reporter system is able to distinguish between immune cells that are directly infected versus those that acquire virus protein/antigen exogenously. We find that both dendritic cells and macrophages, but not B cells, are directly infected within the lung and that the number of these cells increases during the acute infection phase. However, infected dendritic cells and macrophages do not persist in the lungs nor do they migrate systemically. Together these data demonstrate a new tool to track infected cells and defines the migration, turnover, and survival of infected antigen presenting cells.
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Fiege JK, Burbach BJ, Shimizu Y. Negative Regulation of Memory Phenotype CD8 T Cell Conversion by Adhesion and Degranulation-Promoting Adapter Protein. J Immunol 2015; 195:3119-28. [PMID: 26320248 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of T cell repertoire diversity involves the entry of newly developed T cells, as well as the maintenance of memory T cells generated from previous infections. This balance depends on competition for a limited amount of homeostatic cytokines and interaction with self-peptide MHC class I. In the absence of prior infection, memory-like or memory phenotype (MP) CD8 T cells can arise from homeostatic cytokine exposure during neonatal lymphopenia. Aside from downstream cytokine signaling, little is known about the regulation of the conversion of naive CD8 T cells to MP CD8 T cells during acute lymphopenia. We have identified a novel negative regulatory role for adhesion and degranulation-promoting adapter protein (ADAP) in CD8 T cell function. We show that in the absence of ADAP, naive CD8 T cells exhibit a diminished response to stimulatory Ag, but an enhanced response to weak agonist-altered peptide ligands. ADAP-deficient mice exhibit more MP CD8 T cells that occur following thymic emigration and are largely T cell intrinsic. Naive ADAP-deficient CD8 T cells are hyperresponsive to lymphopenia in vivo and exhibit enhanced activation of STAT5 and homeostatic Ag-independent proliferation in response to IL-15. Our results indicate that ADAP dampens naive CD8 T cell responses to lymphopenia and IL-15, and they demonstrate a novel Ag-independent function for ADAP in the suppression of MP CD8 T cell generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Fiege
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Brandon J Burbach
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Yoji Shimizu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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