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Xing J, Yu G, Xiang Y, Xu H, Liu Z, Bai Z. Effect of low energy shock wave on testicular microenvironment homeostasis in rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113710. [PMID: 35679733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further investigate whether two sets of low-energy extracorporeal shock waves (LESWs) impulse parameters, i.e., 0.02 mJ/mm2 for 500 impulses and 0.04 mJ/mm2 for 500 impulses, which have been shown to directly affect the testes, can promote testicular spermatogenesis or positively regulate homeostasis of the testicular microenvironment. METHODS (1) Twenty-four experimental rats were randomly divided into a 0.02 mJ/mm2 500 impulses group (L1 group), a 0.04 mJ/mm2 500 impulses group (M1 group), a sham intervention group (S group) and a blank control group (N group). The experiment period was 8 weeks. (2) Apoptosis of the spermatogenic cells in the left testicle was detected by the TUNEL method, VEGF and eNOs protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and histomorphological changes were observed in PAS-stained sections. Moreover, the morphologies of the spermatogenic tubules and testicular stroma were quantitatively analyzed by stereological analysis. The right testicle was used for Western blot detection of the protein expression levels of Bax, Cytochrome C, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, VEGF and eNOs. RESULTS Compared with the other three groups, the rate of M1 testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by shock treatment was higher, the expression levels of proapoptotic proteins increased significantly while that of the antiapoptotic protein was lower, and the suppression of cell proliferation correlated with the protein expression levels. Additionally, with respect to the absolute volume of the seminiferous tubules, the absolute interstitial testicular volume notably increased, producing a series of biological effects working against testicular sperm production and function. However, there was no significant difference between the L1 group and the N and S groups. CONCLUSIONS LESWs treatment with impulse parameters of 0.02 mJ/mm2 for 500 impulses showed a better protective effect on testicular spermatic function in rats and has a positive regulatory biological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Xing
- Department of Urology and Pathology, Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China.
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Hubei General Hospital, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Urology and Pathology, Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhenxiang Liu
- Department of Urology and Pathology, Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China
| | - Zhiming Bai
- Department of Urology and Pathology, Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou 570208, Hainan Province, China.
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de Deus JL, Dagostin ALA, Varanda WA. Nitric oxide modulates ATP-evoked currents in mouse Leydig cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e6693. [PMID: 29561954 PMCID: PMC5875908 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20186693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Testosterone synthesis within Leydig cells is a calcium-dependent process. Intracellular calcium levels are regulated by different processes including ATP-activated P2X purinergic receptors, T-type Ca2+ channels modulated by the luteinizing hormone, and intracellular calcium storages recruited by a calcium-induced calcium release mechanism. On the other hand, nitric oxide (NO) is reported to have an inhibitory role in testosterone production. Based on these observations, we investigated the interaction between the purinergic and nitrergic systems in Leydig cells of adult mice. For this purpose, we recorded ATP-evoked currents in isolated Leydig cells using the whole cell patch clamp technique after treatment with L-NAME (300 μM and 1 mM), L-arginine (10, 100, 300, and 500 μM), ODQ (300 μM), and 8-Br-cGMP (100 μM). Our results show that NO produced by Leydig cells in basal conditions is insufficient to change the ATP-evoked currents and that extra NO provided by adding 300 μM L-arginine positively modulates the current through a mechanism involving the NO/cGMP signaling pathway. Thus, we report an interaction between the nitrergic and purinergic systems in Leydig cells and suggest that Ca2+ entry via the purinergic receptors can be regulated by NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L de Deus
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - A L A Dagostin
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - W A Varanda
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Liman N, Alan E, Beyaz F, Gürbulak K. Endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity and NOS-associated NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry in the domestic cat (Felis catus) testis. Theriogenology 2013; 80:1017-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Aquila S, Giordano F, Guido C, Rago V, Carpino A. Nitric oxide involvement in the acrosome reaction triggered by leptin in pig sperm. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:133. [PMID: 21970701 PMCID: PMC3200170 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule produced by intracellular nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. This free radical appears to affect sperm capacitation, a maturation step preceding acrosome reaction. Recent studies have reported leptin ability to promote capacitation and acrosome reaction in pig male gametes. METHODS This study has investigated nitric oxide production in leptin-treated pig spermatozoa by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, while the intracellular NOS isoforms were assessed by Western blot analysis. In addition, acrosome status of treated-spermatozoa was evaluated by FITC-PNA staining. RESULTS Significant increases of nitric oxide levels and acrosome reaction extent were detected in leptin-treated spermatozoa, but both the effects were reversed in presence of L-NAME. Furthermore, the immunoblots of sperm extracts have evidenced three bands of ~160 Kd(bNOS), ~130 Kd (iNOS) and ~135 Kd (eNOS). CONCLUSIONS The identification of the three intracellular NOS isoforms suggests that pig spermatozoa could produce NO, while the augmented nitric oxide levels in leptin-treated male gametes indicates the capacity of the hormone to induce nitric oxide production. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of L-NAME and of Ab-ObR on the promotion of acrosome reaction triggered by leptin suggests a possible involvement of NO in the hormone action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saveria Aquila
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
- Centro Sanitario. University of Calabria 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza) Italy
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabria 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Carmela Guido
- Department of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
- Centro Sanitario. University of Calabria 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza) Italy
| | - Vittoria Rago
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabria 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
| | - Amalia Carpino
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Calabria 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza), Italy
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Ducsay CA, Myers DA. eNOS activation and NO function: differential control of steroidogenesis by nitric oxide and its adaptation with hypoxia. J Endocrinol 2011; 210:259-69. [PMID: 21653733 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in a wide range of physiological processes. Aside from its widely studied function in the regulation of vascular function, NO has been shown to impact steroidogenesis in a number of different tissues. The goal of this review is to explore the effects of NO on steroid production and further, to discern its source(s) and mechanism of action. Attention will be given to the regulation of NO synthases in specific endocrine tissues including ovaries, testes, and adrenal glands. The effects of hypoxia on generation of NO and subsequent effects on steroid biosynthesis will also be examined. Finally, a potential model for the interaction of hypoxia on NO synthesis and steroid production is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Ducsay
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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Role of nitric oxide and flavohemoglobin homolog genes in Aspergillus nidulans sexual development and mycotoxin production. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:5524-8. [PMID: 21642398 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00638-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavohemoglobins are widely distributed in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. These proteins are involved in reducing nitric oxide levels. Deletion of the Aspergillus nidulans flavohemoglobin gene fhbA induced sexual development and decreased sterigmatocystin production. Supplementation with a nitric oxide-releasing compound promoted cleistothecial formation and increased nsdD and steA expression, indicating that nitric oxide induces sexual development. This is the first study on the effect of nitric oxide on morphogenesis and secondary metabolism in fungi.
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Parillo F, Catone G, Boiti C, Zerani M. Immunopresence and enzymatic activity of nitric oxide synthases, cyclooxygenases and PGE2-9-ketoreductase and in vitro production of PGF2α, PGE2 and testosterone in the testis of adult and prepubertal alpaca (Lama pacos). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 171:381-8. [PMID: 21377467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study presents the first evidence for differences in COXs, PGE2-9-ketoreductase and NOSs immunopresence and enzyme activity, and prostaglandin and testosterone production between the testes of adult and prepubertal alpacas. The prepubertal testis immunohistochemical data revealed that COX1 was expressed in spermatogonia and endothelial cells whereas COX2 was present only in the stromal cells. In adult animals, COX2 immunosignals were evidenced in germ cells, as well as both COX1 and -2 in Leydig and Sertoli cells. In adult testes, the spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids had expression of e- and n-NOS only, whereas elongated spermatids exhibited immunopositivity for i- and e-NOS and Sertoli cells expressed only n-NOS. In prepubertal alpacas, i-NOS was localized in spermatogonia, e-NOS in Sertoli cells and all three NOS isoforms in Leydig cells. PGE2-9-ketoreductase immunopresence was observed in spermatogonia nuclei and cytoplasm of prepubertal testis whereas they were localized in spermatid acrosomal vesicle of adult. The enzymatic data indicated that COX1 activity was higher than COX2 in adult alpaca testis whereas the activity of COX2 was greater than that of COX1 in prepubertal animals. Total NOS and PGE2-9-ketoreductase activities were more extensive in adult alpacas. In vitro hormone production results showed that prepubertal testes released lower amounts of testosterone and PGF2α while PGE2 synthesis was six times more elevated than in in vitro incubated adult testes. Taken together, the data on COX2, i-NOS and PGE2 led us to hypothesize that development in prepubertal male reproductive tissues utilizes a mechanism similar to that of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Parillo
- Scuola di Scienze mediche veterinarie, Università di Camerino, Italy
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Abstract
A large body of evidence points to the existence of a close, dynamic relationship between the immune system and the male reproductive tract, which has important implications for our understanding of both systems. The testis and the male reproductive tract provide an environment that protects the otherwise highly immunogenic spermatogenic cells and sperm from immunological attack. At the same time, secretions of the testis, including androgens, influence the development and mature functions of the immune system. Activation of the immune system has negative effects on both androgen and sperm production, so that systemic or local infection and inflammation compromise male fertility. The mechanisms underlying these interactions have begun to receive the attention from reproductive biologists and immunologists that they deserve, but many crucial details remain to be uncovered. A complete picture of male reproductive tract function and its response to toxic agents is contingent upon continued exploration of these interactions and the mechanisms involved.
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Key Words
- cytokines
- immunity
- immunoregulation
- inflammation
- leydig cell
- lymphocytes
- macrophages
- nitric oxide
- prostanoids
- seminal plasma
- sertoli cell
- sperm
- spermatogenesis
- steroidogenesis
- toll-like receptors
- 16:0a-lpc, 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- 18:1a-lpc, 1-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- 18:2a-lpc, 1-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- 20:4a-lpc, 1-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
- aid, acquired immune deviation
- aire, autoimmune regulator
- ap1, activated protein 1
- apc, antigen-presenting cell
- bambi, bmp and activin membrane-bound inhibitor
- bmp, bone morphogenetic protein
- cox, cyclooxygenase
- crry, complement receptor-related protein
- ctl, cytotoxic t lymphocyte
- eao, experimental autoimmune orchitis
- eds, ethane dimethane sulfonate
- enos, endothelial nos
- fadd, fas-associated death domain protein
- fasl, fas ligand
- fsh, follicle-stimulating hormone
- gc, glucocorticoid
- hcg, human chorionic gonadotropin
- hla, human leukocyte antigen
- hmgb1, high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1
- ice, il1 converting enzyme
- ifn, interferon
- ifnar, ifnα receptor
- il, interleukin
- il1r, interleukin 1 receptor
- il1ra, il1 receptor antagonist
- inos, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- irf, interferon regulatory factor
- jak/stat, janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription
- jnk, jun n-terminal kinase
- lh, luteinizing hormone
- lpc, lysoglycerophosphatidylcholine
- lps, lipopolysaccharide
- map, mitogen-activated protein
- mhc, major histocompatibility complex
- mif, macrophage migration inhibitory factor
- myd88, myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88
- nfκb, nuclear factor kappa b
- nk, cell natural killer cell
- nkt cell, natural killer t cell
- nlr, nod-like receptor
- nnos, neuronal nos
- nod, nucleotide binding oligomerization domain
- p450c17, 17α-hydroxylase/c17-c20 lyase
- p450scc, cholesterol side-chain cleavage complex
- paf, platelet-activating factor
- pamp, pathogen-associated molecular pattern
- pc, phosphocholine
- pg, prostaglandin
- pges, pge synthase
- pgi, prostacyclin
- pla2, phospholipase a2
- pmn, polymorphonuclear phagocyte
- pparγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- rig, retinoic acid-inducible gene
- rlh, rig-like helicase
- ros, reactive oxygen species
- star, steroidogenic acute regulatory
- tcr, t cell receptor
- tgf, transforming growth factor
- th cell, helper t cell
- tir, toll/il1r
- tlr, toll-like receptor
- tnf, tumor necrosis factor
- tnfr, tnf receptor
- tr1, t regulatory 1
- tradd, tnfr-associated death domain protein
- traf, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor
- treg, regulatory t cell
- trif, tir domain-containing adaptor protein inducing interferon β
- tx, thromboxane
- txas, thromboxane a synthase
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Monau TR, Vargas VE, King N, Yellon SM, Myers DA, Ducsay CA. Long-term hypoxia increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the ovine fetal adrenal. Reprod Sci 2009; 16:865-74. [PMID: 19525401 DOI: 10.1177/1933719109336678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that fetal adrenal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is elevated in response to long-term hypoxia (LTH). Pregnant ewes were maintained at high altitude (3820 m) for approximately the last 100 days of gestation. Between days 138 and 141 of gestation, adrenal glands were collected from LTH fetuses and age-matched normoxic controls. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western analysis were used to quantify NOS expression, and NOS distribution was examined by immunohistochemistry and double-staining immunofluorescence for endothelial NOS (eNOS) and 17alpha-hydroxylase (CYP17). Neuronal NOS (nNOS) was expressed at very low levels and with no differences between groups. Expression of eNOS was significantly greater in the LTH group compared with control. Neuronal NOS was distributed throughout the cortex while the greatest density of eNOS was observed in the zona fasciculata/reticularis area and eNOS co-localized with CYP17. We conclude that LTH enhances eNOS expression in the inner adrenal cortex which may play a role in regulation of cortisol biosynthesis in the LTH fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tshepo R Monau
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA
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The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the testis and epididymis of rats with a dihydrotestosterone (DHT) deficiency. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2009; 14:511-27. [PMID: 19404589 PMCID: PMC6275914 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-009-0019-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous studies, we showed that a finasteride-induced DHT deficiency may cause changes in the morphology of the seminiferous epithelium without any morphological alteration of the epididymis. In this study, we demonstrated the constitutive immunoexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the testis and epididymis of Wistar rats treated with finasteride for 28 days (the duration of two cycles of the seminiferous epithelium) and 56 days (the duration of one spermatogenesis). We noted that a 56-day finasteride treatment mainly caused a decrease in the level of circulating DHT, as well as a statistically insignificant decrease in the level of T. The hormone deficiency also led to a change in the iNOS immnoexpression in the testis and epididymis of the finasteride-treated rats. In vitro, DHT did not modify NO production by the epithelial cells of the caput epididymis even when stimulated with LPS and IFNγ, but it did give rise to an increase in NO production by the epithelial cells of the cauda epididymis without the stimulation. DHT did not have a statistically significant influence on estradiol production by cultured, LPS- and IFNγ-stimulated epithelial cells from the caput and cauda epididymis. In conclusion, our data clearly indicates that a finasterideinduced DHT deficiency intensifies the constitutive expression of iNOS in most rat testicular and epididymal cells, so it can be expected that the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) could be regulated by DHT. On the other hand, the profile of the circulating DHT and T levels strongly suggests that the regulation of constitutive iNOS expression is complex and needs more detailed study.
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