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Addolorato G, Ponziani FR, Dionisi T, Mosoni C, Vassallo GA, Sestito L, Petito V, Picca A, Marzetti E, Tarli C, Mirijello A, Zocco MA, Lopetuso LR, Antonelli M, Rando MM, Paroni Sterbini F, Posteraro B, Sanguinetti M, Gasbarrini A. Gut microbiota compositional and functional fingerprint in patients with alcohol use disorder and alcohol-associated liver disease. Liver Int 2020; 40:878-888. [PMID: 31951082 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcohol use disorder (AUD) represents the most common cause of liver disease. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of alcohol-related liver damage. Aim of this study was to characterize the gut microbial composition and function in AUD patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD). METHODS This study included 36 AUD patients (14 with cirrhosis) who were active drinkers and an equal number of matched controls. Stool microbial composition, serum levels of lipopolysaccharide, cytokines/chemokines and gut microbiota functional profile were assessed. RESULTS AUD patients had a decreased microbial alpha diversity as compared to controls (0.092 vs 0.130, P = .047) and a specific gut microbial signature. The reduction of Akkermansia and the increase in Bacteroides were able to identify AUD patients with an accuracy of 93.4%. Serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (4.91 vs 2.43, P = .009) and pro-inflammatory mediators (tumour necrosis factor alpha 60.85 vs 15.08, P = .001; interleukin [IL] 1beta 4.43 vs 1.72, P = .0001; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 225.22 vs 16.43, P = .006; IL6 1.87 vs 1.23, P = .008) were significantly increased in AUD patients compared to controls and in cirrhotic patients compared to non-cirrhotic ones (IL6 3.74 vs 1.39, P = .019; IL8 57.60 vs 6.53, P = .004). The AUD-associated gut microbiota showed an increased expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolic pathways and energy metabolism. CONCLUSIONS AUD patients present a specific gut microbial fingerprint, associated with increased endotoxaemia, systemic inflammatory status and functional alterations that may be involved in the progression of the AALD and in the pathogenesis of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Addolorato
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca R Ponziani
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Dionisi
- Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Mosoni
- Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Sestito
- Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Petito
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Tarli
- Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Mirijello
- Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Loris R Lopetuso
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariangela Antonelli
- Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria M Rando
- Alcohol Use Disorder and Alcohol Related Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Paroni Sterbini
- Department of Laboratory and Infectious Disease Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Brunella Posteraro
- Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Microbiology, Chatoloc University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Department of Laboratory and Infectious Disease Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Microbiology, Chatoloc University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We have compared dendritic cell (DC) function derived from the alcoholic liver disease (ALD) sensitive Long-Evans (LE) and resistant Fischer rat strains to determine if the influence of ethanol on DCs was dependent on ALD. METHODS The LE and Fischer rats were fed an ethanol-containing or isocaloric control liquid diet for 8 weeks and comparisons were made to LE rats injected with thioacetamide as a liver disease control. DCs were isolated from the spleen after expansion with human Fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 3 ligand plasmid. Maturation markers CD86, CD80, CD40 and MHC-II were analysed by flow cytometry with or without lipopolysaccharide and poly I:C stimulation. Production of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-12p40 and IL-10 cytokines and the antigen presentation ability of DCs was determined. RESULTS Only LE rats developed ALD characterized by liver injury, elevated alanine aminotransferase levels and steatosis; CD86 and CD40 expression was decreased in LE but not Fischer rats. Reduced TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, proinflammatory and enhanced IL-10 cytokine production was found in DCs isolated from ethanol-fed LE but not Fischer rats. Allostimulatory activity was reduced in LE compared with the Fischer strain. In contrast, DCs isolated from thioacetamide-induced liver damage displayed a reduction only in IL-12p40; TNF-α, IL-10 and IFN-α production as well as antigen presenting ability remained intact compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS ALD sensitive LE rats exhibited characteristics of a suppressed DC phenotype that was not observed following thioacetamide-induced liver disease, which suggests an important role for ALD in altering the host cellular and humoral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechun Feng
- The Department of Medicine, Liver Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02905, USA
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Mathurin P, Beuzin F, Louvet A, Carrié-Ganne N, Balian A, Trinchet JC, Dalsoglio D, Prevot S, Naveau S. Fibrosis progression occurs in a subgroup of heavy drinkers with typical histological features. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25:1047-54. [PMID: 17439505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies using consecutive liver biopsies constitute an attractive approach to gaining insight into the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. AIM To analyse histological factors at baseline, which are predictive of fibrosis progression and recurrence of alcoholic hepatitis. RESULTS A total of 193 drinkers underwent consecutive biopsies at an interval of 4 years. At baseline, 20 had normal livers, 135 steatosis, five fibrosis and 33 alcoholic hepatitis. The fibrosis score increased from 1.07 +/- 0.07 to 1.7 +/- 0.94 (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, only steatosis (P = 0.04), alcoholic hepatitis (P = 0.0004) and stage of fibrosis (P < 0.0001) were independent predictive factors of the fibrosis score at the second biopsy. Cirrhosis developed more frequently in patients with steatosis (11%) and alcoholic hepatitis (39%) than in others (0%, P < 0.0001). Alcoholic hepatitis recurred more frequently in patients with alcoholic hepatitis at baseline: 58% vs. 15%, P < 0.0001. In multivariate analysis, alcoholic hepatitis at the first biopsy was the only predictive factor of its recurrence (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of drinkers with consecutive biopsies, steatosis, fibrosis stage and alcoholic hepatitis at baseline were independent predictive factors of fibrosis progression. In terms of mechanisms, we propose a novel concept of multiple hits of alcoholic hepatitis occurring in the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mathurin
- Service Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Huriez, CHRU de Lille, Lille, and ISERM 0114, Univ de Lille, Lille, France.
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de la M Hall P, Lieber CS, DeCarli LM, French SW, Lindros KO, Järveläinen H, Bode C, Parlesak A, Bode JC. Models of alcoholic liver disease in rodents: a critical evaluation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001. [PMID: 11391080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article represents the proceedings of a workshop at the 2000 ISBRA Meeting in Yokohama, Japan. The chairs were J. Christian Bode and Hiroshi Fukui. The presentations were (1) Essentials and the course of the pathological spectrum of alcoholic liver disease in humans, by P. de la M. Hall; (2) Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet for alcohol-induced liver injury in rats, by C. S. Lieber and L. M. DeCarli; (3) Tsukamoto-French model of alcoholic liver injury, by S. W. French; (4) Animal models to study endotoxin-ethanol interactions, by K. O. Lindros and H. Järveläinen; and (5) Jejunoileal bypass operation in rats-A model for alcohol-induced liver injury? by Christiane Bode, Alexandr Parlesak, and J. Christian Bode.
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Affiliation(s)
- P de la M Hall
- Department of Internal Medicine (JCB), Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.
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de la M Hall P, Lieber CS, DeCarli LM, French SW, Lindros KO, Järveläinen H, Bode C, Parlesak A, Bode JC. Models of alcoholic liver disease in rodents: a critical evaluation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2001; 25:254S-261S. [PMID: 11391080 DOI: 10.1097/00000374-200105051-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This article represents the proceedings of a workshop at the 2000 ISBRA Meeting in Yokohama, Japan. The chairs were J. Christian Bode and Hiroshi Fukui. The presentations were (1) Essentials and the course of the pathological spectrum of alcoholic liver disease in humans, by P. de la M. Hall; (2) Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet for alcohol-induced liver injury in rats, by C. S. Lieber and L. M. DeCarli; (3) Tsukamoto-French model of alcoholic liver injury, by S. W. French; (4) Animal models to study endotoxin-ethanol interactions, by K. O. Lindros and H. Järveläinen; and (5) Jejunoileal bypass operation in rats-A model for alcohol-induced liver injury? by Christiane Bode, Alexandr Parlesak, and J. Christian Bode.
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Affiliation(s)
- P de la M Hall
- Department of Internal Medicine (JCB), Robert-Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Yang JM, Choi SW, Kim SS, Sun HS, Park DH, Han SB, Oh GT, Kim WM. Effects of prostaglandins on ethanol damage in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Korean J Intern Med 1998; 13:1-9. [PMID: 9538624 PMCID: PMC4531939 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.1998.13.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several reports demonstrated that ethanol administration impairs the DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes. Also, it has been demonstrated that prostaglandin (PG) helps prevent membrane damage by hepatotoxic chemicals. In this study, the authors examined PG's effects on the toxicity of ethanol in the primary culture of rat regenerations. METHODS We examined two kinds of parameters, i.e., DNA synthesis and lipid peroxidation in the primary culture of rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were isolated by the collagenase perfusion method. The rate of DNA synthesis was determined by pulse-labelling cultured cells with [3H]-thymidine. Incorporation of (3H)-thymidine was determined by liquid scintillation spectrophotometer. DNA content was measured by the fluorescence spectrophotometer. The lipid peroxidation was assayed with spectrophotometer. RESULTS The results were as follows: 1) PG family (PGA1, PGD2, PGE1, PGE2, PGG2a, PGI2 & Thromboxane B2) stimulated the DNA synthesis of hepatocytes (especially PGD2 and PGE1), 2) ethanol decreased DNA synthesis by clear dose-dependent manner, 3) the combined treatment of PGD2 or PGE1, prevents the decreasing of DNA synthesis, which was induced by ethanol, 4) in ethanol treatment, lipid peroxidation was decreased significantly, but PGD2, PGE1 and PGA1 were not affected, and 5) PGD2, PGE1 and PGA1 decreased lipid peroxidation with ethanol, significantly. CONCLUSIONS From these results, we concluded that PG could be useful for the treatment of degenerative liver disease and alcohol-induced liver disease in the assumption that further studies on the action mechanisms of PG will continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
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Tanaka K, Hirohata T, Fukuda K, Shibata A, Tsukuma H, Hiyama T. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma among Japanese women. Cancer Causes Control 1995; 6:91-8. [PMID: 7749057 DOI: 10.1007/bf00052768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among women, we made a combined analysis of the data from three case-control studies conducted in high-risk areas of Japan. A total of 120 cases and 257 controls were included in the analysis. After adjustment for the study category, age, and other potential confounders, significantly increased risks were associated with chronic hepatitis-B virus infection (odds ratio [OR] = 42.4, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 11.2-160.2), a past history of blood transfusion (OR = 3.7, CI = 1.8-7.5), and a history of smoking (OR = 2.2, CI = 12-4.1). In addition, women with a history of heavy drinking experienced an elevated risk of borderline significance (OR = 4.2, CI = 0.9-20.4, P = 0.07). When these ORs were compared with the corresponding estimates among males from the same case-control studies, no significant differences were observed between the two genders. Among the factors examined in this analysis, drinking and smoking habits--which are more common among Japanese men than women--may partly account for a large male-predominance in the incidence of HCC. Further studies are needed to clarify the roles that sex-hormones and hepatitis-C virus infection might play in the large gender difference of HCC occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tanaka
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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