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Fukuhara M, Urabe Y, Nakahara H, Ishikawa A, Ishibashi K, Konishi H, Mizuno J, Tanaka H, Tsuboi A, Yamashita K, Hiyama Y, Takigawa H, Kotachi T, Yuge R, Hayes CN, Oka S. Clinicopathological and genomic features of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinomas in nondrinker, nonsmoker females. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7078. [PMID: 38457229 PMCID: PMC10923044 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is sometimes detected in non-drinker and non-smoker females who are considered to have very low risk of ESCC development in daily practice. This study examined the clinicopathological and genomic characteristics of ESCCs in females with no history of drinking and smoking. METHODS The sample comprised 118 ESCC lesions occurring in 95 female patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection at our department between January 2008 and December 2019. The patients were categorized into two groups: 51 lesions in 49 patients with no history of drinking and smoking (nondrinker/nonsmoker [NDNS] group) and 69 lesions in 45 patients with a history of drinking or smoking (drinker/smoker [DS] group). We analyzed the differences in clinicopathological and cancerous genomic characteristics between the groups. Significant genomic alterations were validated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression revealed that older age, fewer multiple Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs), and reflux esophagitis (RE) were independently associated with the occurrence of ESCCs in the NDNS group. ESCC lesions in the NDNS group were predominantly located in the mid-thoracic esophagus, posterior wall side, with 0-IIa, the aspect ratio of the lesion >2 (vertical/horizontal), and endoscopic keratinization. Genetic analysis showed that CDKN2A driver alterations were significantly more frequent and KMT2D alterations were significantly less frequent in the NDNS group than in the DS group. KMT2D alterations were strongly correlated with immunostaining. CONCLUSION Older nondrinker, nonsmoker females with RE and fewer multiple LVLs may develop longitudinal 0-IIa ESCC with keratinization of the posterior wall of the mid-thoracic esophagus. ESCCs in nondrinker, nonsmoker females had fewer KMT2D alterations and more CDKN2A alterations, which may be a biomarker for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomitsu Fukuhara
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yuji Urabe
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and MedicineHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hikaru Nakahara
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Akira Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular PathologyGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kazuki Ishibashi
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hirona Konishi
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Junichi Mizuno
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Hidenori Tanaka
- Department of EndoscopyHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Akiyoshi Tsuboi
- Department of EndoscopyHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Ken Yamashita
- Department of EndoscopyHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yuichi Hiyama
- Department of Clinical Research CenterHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | | | - Takahiro Kotachi
- Department of EndoscopyHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - Ryo Yuge
- Department of EndoscopyHiroshima University HospitalHiroshimaJapan
| | - C. Nelson Hayes
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
| | - Shiro Oka
- Department of GastroenterologyGraduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshimaJapan
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Okawa Y, Sasagawa S, Kato H, Johnson TA, Nagaoka K, Kobayashi Y, Hayashi A, Shibayama T, Maejima K, Tanaka H, Miyano S, Shibahara J, Nishizuka S, Hirano S, Seto Y, Iwaya T, Kakimi K, Yasuda T, Nakagawa H. Immuno-genomic analysis reveals eosinophilic feature and favorable prognosis of female non-smoking esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Cancer Lett 2024; 581:216499. [PMID: 38013050 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Most of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) develop in smoking males in Japan, but the genomic etiology and immunological characteristics of rare non-smoking female ECSS remain unclear. To elucidate the genomic and immunological features of ESCC in non-smoking females, we analyzed whole-genome or transcriptome sequencing data from 94 ESCCs, including 20 rare non-smoking female cases. In addition, 31,611 immune cells were extracted from four ESCC tissues and subject to single-cell RNA-seq. We compared their immuno-genomic and microbiome profiles between non-smoking female and smoking ESCCs. Non-smoking females showed much better prognosis. Whole-genome sequencing analysis showed no significant differences in driver genes or copy number alterations depending on smoking status. The mutational signatures specifically observed in non-smoking females ESCC could be attributed to aging. Immune profiling from RNA-seq revealed that ESCC in non-smoking females had high tumor microenvironment signatures and a high abundance of eosinophils with a favorable prognosis. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of intratumor immune cells revealed gender differences of eosinophils and their activation in female cases. ESCCs in non-smoking females have age-related mutational signatures and gender-specific tumor immune environment with eosinophils, which is likely to contribute to their favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Okawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shota Sasagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kato
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Todd A Johnson
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Nagaoka
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukari Kobayashi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akimasa Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shibayama
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Maejima
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- M&D Data Science Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Shibahara
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nishizuka
- Division of Biomedical Research and Development, Iwate Medical University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Department of GI Surgery, Graduate of School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwaya
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takushi Yasuda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
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Conway E, Wu H, Tian L. Overview of Risk Factors for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in China. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5604. [PMID: 38067307 PMCID: PMC10705141 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15235604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: China has the highest esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) incidence areas in the world, with some areas of incidence over 100 per 100,000. Despite extensive public health efforts, its etiology is still poorly understood. This study aims to review and summarize past research into potential etiologic factors for ESCC in China. (2) Methods: Relevant observational and intervention studies were systematically extracted from four databases using key terms, reviewed using Rayyan software, and summarized into Excel tables. (3) Results: Among the 207 studies included in this review, 129 studies were focused on genetic etiologic factors, followed by 22 studies focused on dietary-related factors, 19 studies focused on HPV-related factors, and 37 studies focused on other factors. (4) Conclusions: ESCC in China involves a variety of factors including genetic variations, gene-environment interactions, dietary factors like alcohol, tobacco use, pickled vegetables, and salted meat, dietary behavior such as hot food/drink consumption, infections like HPV, poor oral health, gastric atrophy, and socioeconomic factors. Public health measures should prioritize genetic screening for relevant polymorphisms, conduct comprehensive investigations into environmental, dietary, and HPV influences, enhance oral health education, and consider socioeconomic factors overall as integral strategies to reduce ESCC in high-risk areas of China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 7 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China; (E.C.); (H.W.)
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Burassakarn A, Pientong C, Tongchai P, Wongjampa W, Poosari A, Udomsin A, Sa-ngiamwibool P, Ungareewittaya P, Nutravong T, Ekalaksananan T. Epidemiological evidence and association of human papillomavirus with esophageal cancer in northeastern Thailand: a case-control study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1146322. [PMID: 37180234 PMCID: PMC10172481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, epidemiological evidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and its association with the increasing risk of esophageal cancer (EC) have been described. However, the involvement of such a virus in the pathogenesis of EC is still inconclusive in the literature. Therefore, our objective was to clarify the epidemiology of HPV infections in primarily diagnosed EC cases and validate this correlation with hospital-based control patients using a retrospective study with a case-control model. Here, we reported that the overall prevalence of HPV DNA was statistically associated with an increased risk of EC (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.5-4.3). Interestingly, a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was constituted and significantly associated with HPV prevalence (adjusted OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 2.2-9.5). Furthermore, our meta-analysis in public databases also indicated that the combined OR and 95% CI between HPV infection and EC risk were 3.31 and 2.53-4.34, respectively, with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 78%). Variations in the geographic study, tissue type, and detection method remain potential predictors of heterogeneity. In addition, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were not observed, and the results exhibited stable outcomes. Collectively, we specify the recent epidemiological evidence in a validation of the distributed HPV, which might be statistically associated with an increased risk of EC. However, additional high-quality studies with larger sample sizes are needed to further verify the link between HPV and EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ati Burassakarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research (HEC) Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chamsai Pientong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research (HEC) Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Panwad Tongchai
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research (HEC) Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Weerayut Wongjampa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research (HEC) Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arisara Poosari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | - Piti Ungareewittaya
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thitima Nutravong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Tipaya Ekalaksananan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- HPV & EBV and Carcinogenesis Research (HEC) Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Tipaya Ekalaksananan,
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 infection and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:3011-3023. [PMID: 34273005 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The human papillomavirus (HPV) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several cancers among humans. The role of HPV as one of the etiological agents in esophageal carcinogenesis is partially unknown. We assessed whether the available evidence supports the association of HPV with risk and prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs). DESIGN For this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS were searched up to February 2021. The included studies were prospective or retrospective studies that evaluated the incidence, risk, and prognosis of HPV-16/18-related ESCCs in adult subjects. The primary outcome was the incidence rate of ESCC in HPV-16/18 carriers. Secondary outcomes included the risk of ESCCs compared with healthy HPV-16/18 carriers (expressed as odds ratios [ORs] with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) and the survival of HPV + versus HPV- ESCCs. RESULTS The search identified 1649 unique citations, of which 145 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the pooled analysis (16,484 patients). The pooled HPV prevalence in ESCCs was 18.2% (95% CI 15.2-21.6%; P < 0.001). A significantly increased ESCC risk was associated with HPV infection (OR = 3.81; 95% CI 2.84-5.11; P < 0.001). Main limitation were methods of HPV detection (DNA only), race of populations included (mainly Asiatic countries) and lack of adjustment for other prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that HPV-16/18 is detectable in about 1 on 5 cases of ESCC with different prevalences across the world. It is moderately but significantly associated with a diagnosis of ESCC. Further epidemiological studies are needed to confirm and increase the current knowledge of the subject.
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Chetwood JD, Garg P, Finch P, Gordon M. Systematic review: the etiology of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in low-income settings. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:71-88. [PMID: 30791842 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1543024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal carcinoma causes over 380 000 deaths per year, ranking sixth worldwide in mortality amongst all malignancies. Globally, the squamous cell subtype is most common and accounts for 80% of esophageal cancers. Nonetheless, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is much more poorly understood than esophageal adenocarcinoma, including what is driving such high prevalences, why it often presents in young patients, and shows such marked geographical delineations Areas covered: The current literature was searched for articles focusing on aetiopathogenesis of squamous cell esophageal carcinoma via a systematic review, particularly in low-resource settings. This was supplemented by papers of interest known to the authors. Expert commentary: Current putative mechanisms include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, acetaldehyde, cyclo-oxygenase-2 pathways, androgen and their receptor levels, as well as smoking & alcohol, micronutrient deficiencies and diet, mycotoxins, thermal damage, oral hygiene and microbiotal factors, inhaled smoke, viral infections such as HPV, and chronic irritative states. Etiology is likely multifactorial and varies geographically. Though smoking and alcohol play a predominant role in high-income settings, there is strong evidence that mycotoxins, diet and temperature effects may play an under-recognized role in low and middle-income settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John David Chetwood
- a Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme , Blantyre , Malawi
| | - Priya Garg
- a Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme , Blantyre , Malawi
| | | | - Melita Gordon
- a Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme , Blantyre , Malawi.,b College of Medicine , Blantyre , Malawi.,c Institute of Infection and Global Health , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
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Shigaki H, Imamura Y, Mine S, Okamura A, Kurogochi T, Yamashita K, Watanabe M. Clinicopathological features of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in never smoker-never drinkers. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-7. [DOI: 10.1093/dote/dow019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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Li LL, Wang HR, Zhou ZY, Luo J, Wang XL, Xiao XQ, Zhou YB, Zeng Y. C3-Luc Cells Are an Excellent Model for Evaluation of Cellular Immunity following HPV16L1 Vaccination. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149748. [PMID: 26900913 PMCID: PMC4763794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
C3 and TC-1 are the two model cell lines most commonly used in studies of vaccines and drugs against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Because C3 cells contain both the HPV16 E and L genes, but TC-1 cells contain only the HPV16 E genes, C3 cells are usually used as the model cell line in studies targeting the HPV16 L protein. However, expression of the L1 protein is difficult to detect in C3 cells using common methods. In our study, Short tandem repeat analysis (STR) was used to demonstrate that C3 cells are indeed derived from mice, PCR results show that HPV16 L1, E6 and E7 genes were detected in C3 genomic DNA, and RT-PCR results demonstrated that L1 transcription had occurred in C3 cells. However, the expression of C3 protein was not found in the results of western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Growth and proliferation of C3 were inhibited by mice spleen lymphocytes that had been immunized with a vaccine against HPV16L1. The luciferase gene was integrated into C3 cells, and it was confirmed that addition of the exogenous gene had no effect on C3 cells by comparing cell growth and tumor formation with untransformed cells. Cells stably expressing luciferase (C3-luc) were screened and subcutaneously injected into the mice. Tumors became established and were observed using a Spectrum Pre-clinical in Vivo Imaging System. Tumor size of mice in the different groups at various time points was calculated by counting photons. The sensitivity of the animals to the vaccine was quantified by statistical comparison. Ten or 30 days following injection of the C3-luc cells, tumor size differed significantly between the PBS and vaccine groups, indicating that C3 cells were susceptible to vaccination even after tumors were formed in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - He-Rong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Bai Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (ZYB)
| | - Yi Zeng
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (ZY); (ZYB)
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Soheili F, Heidary N, Rahbar M, Nikkho B, Fotouhi O, Afkhamzadeh A, Jafari H, Bagheri V. Human papillomavirus and its clinical relevance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Kurdish population in the west of Iran. Infect Dis (Lond) 2015; 48:270-273. [PMID: 26555078 DOI: 10.3109/23744235.2015.1109134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aetiological role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was evaluated by assessment of the presence and status of HPV DNA in a Kurdish population in the west of Iran. Methods One hundred and three paraffin-embedded ESCC tissue samples, diagnosed between 2007-2013, were included in the study. DNA was extracted and then HPV presence and genotypes were determined by PCR and INNO-LiPA genotyping, respectively. Results HPV DNA was detected in 11/103 (10.7%) of ESCCs. HPV-18 and HPV-16 genotypes were determined in five and six samples, respectively. Co-infection of HPV-6 was only found with HPV-18 in two cases. There were no statistically significant distinctions between HPV-positive and HPV-negative cases with regard to clinical and pathologic findings. Conclusion The present study indicates that, among a group of Kurdish people in two provinces in the west of Iran, as a low-risk ESCC area, HPV could be one of the risk factors, although in a small proportion of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Soheili
- a Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran.,b Departments of Marine Biology , Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University , Chabahar , Iran
| | - Nilofar Heidary
- b Departments of Marine Biology , Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University , Chabahar , Iran
| | - Mahtab Rahbar
- c Department of Pathology , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Bahram Nikkho
- a Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandaj , Iran
| | - Omid Fotouhi
- d Department of Oncology-Pathology , Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Abdolrahim Afkhamzadeh
- e Department of Community Medicine & Kurdistan Research Center for Social Determinants of Health , Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences , Sanandej , Iran
| | - Hossein Jafari
- f Departments of Statistic and Basic Science , Chabahar Maritime University , Chabahar , Iran
| | - Vahid Bagheri
- g Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences , Rafsanjan , Iran
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Türkay DÖ, Vural Ç, Sayan M, Gürbüz Y. Detection of human papillomavirus in esophageal and gastroesophageal junction tumors: A retrospective study by real-time polymerase chain reaction in an instutional experience from Turkey and review of literature. Pathol Res Pract 2015; 212:77-82. [PMID: 26608416 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a poor-prognosis malignancy that ranks eighth among all cancer types, and its prevalence shows differences among geographical regions. Although the most important risk factors for esophageal carcinoma are alcohol and smoking, viral infections, particularly HPV infection, are also considered among etiological agents. Our study aims to detect the presence of HPV in esophageal cancers in our patient population and to investigate its correlation with clinico-pathological parameters. We investigated the presence of HPV-DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction in a total of 52 patients with esophageal cancer. Subtype analysis was performed in positive cases and was correlated with selected clinico-pathological parameters. Five (9.6%) of 52 tumor samples, 3 squamous cell carcinomas (3/33 cases) and 2 adenocarcinomas (2/19 cases), were HPV-DNA-positive. Subtype analysis could be performed in four HPV-DNA-positive cases, of which three were HPV type-39 and 1 was type-16. The Marmara region, where the present study was carried out, is a region with low-moderate risk for esophageal cancer, and the prevalence of HPV-DNA in these tumors is similar to the prevalence of HPV-DNA reported in the literature for regions with similar risk. In conclusion, we detected HPV DNA in a subset of esophageal and gastroesophageal junction tumors. HPV infection may have a role in esophageal carcinogenesis and high-risk HPV subtypes can particularly be considered among risk factors since the prevalence of high risk HPV infection has also been found to be increased in regions with a high risk for esophageal cancer compared to low-moderate risk regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Düriye Özer Türkay
- Department of Pathology, Ankara Numune Research and Education Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Vural
- Department of Pathology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Murat Sayan
- Kocaeli University Hospital, Clinical Laboratory, PCR Unit, Kocaeli, Turkey; Near East University, Research Center of Experimental Health Sciences, Nicasia, Northern Cyprus
| | - Yeşim Gürbüz
- Department of Pathology, Kocaeli University Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli, Turkey
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11
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Ludmir EB, Stephens SJ, Palta M, Willett CG, Czito BG. Human papillomavirus tumor infection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2015; 6:287-95. [PMID: 26029456 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2078-6891.2015.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between human papillomavirus (HPV) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been recognized for over three decades. Recently, multiple meta-analyses have drawn upon existing literature to assess the strength of the HPV-ESCC linkage. Here, we review these analyses and attempt to provide a clinically-relevant overview of HPV infection in ESCC. HPV-ESCC detection rates are highly variable across studies. Geographic location likely accounts for a majority of the variation in HPV prevalence, with high-incidence regions including Asia reporting significantly higher HPV-ESCC infection rates compared with low-incidence regions such as Europe, North America, and Oceania. Based on our examination of existing data, the current literature does not support the notion that HPV is a prominent carcinogen in ESCC. We conclude that there is no basis to change the current clinical approach to ESCC patients with respect to tumor HPV status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan B Ludmir
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sarah J Stephens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Manisha Palta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher G Willett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brian G Czito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Yu Q, Yang J, Liu B, Li W, Hu G, Qiu H, Huang L, Xiong H, Yuan X. Combined effects of leukocyte telomere length, p53 polymorphism and human papillomavirus infection on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in a Han Chinese population. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 38:569-75. [PMID: 25153662 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Telomere shortening has been suggested to be a genetic predictor for various cancers. However, evidences about this point with respect to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in Han Chinese populations remain limited. Our previous study demonstrated that p53 Arg72Pro polymorphism was associated with the risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related ESCC. Telomeres and p53 play important roles in maintaining genomic stability and regulating the cell cycle. HPV impacts both telomere length stabilization and p53 degradation. Given the roles of the three factors, we evaluated leukocyte telomere length, p53 variants and HPV-16 serology to examine the potential associations between them and ESCC risk in a case-control study with 308 patients and 309 cancer-free controls matched by age and sex. Compared with long telomere length, short telomere length was significantly associated with an increased risk of ESCC (adjusted OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.41-2.80). Moreover, this association was enhanced when combined with HPV-16 seropositivity and p53 Arg/Arg or Arg/Pro genotypes. Notably, individuals with short telomere length, Arg/Pro or Arg/Arg genotypes and HPV-16 seropositivity had a 12.08-fold (95% CI 5.49-26.56) increased risk of ESCC compared to those with none of the three investigated risk factors. Taken together, these results indicate that short telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes is a biomarker for ESCC risk, and has statistically additive effects with p53 variants and HPV seropositivity with regard to the risk of ESCC in a Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guangyuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liu Huang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Yang J, Wu H, Wei S, Xiong H, Fu X, Qi Z, Jiang Q, Li W, Hu G, Yuan X, Liao Z. HPV seropositivity joints with susceptibility loci identified in GWASs at apoptosis associated genes to increase the risk of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC). BMC Cancer 2014; 14:501. [PMID: 25008389 PMCID: PMC4227071 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that human papillomavirus (HPV) serostatus was not an independent risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) in nonsmokers and nondrinkers; however, HPV increased the risk in smokers. METHODS Here we investigated possible interactions between HPV16 serostatus and three susceptibility loci identified in GWASs at apoptosis associated genes with regard to risk of ESCC in a case-control study of 313 patients with ESCC and 314 healthy controls. The loci (CHK2 rs738722, C12orf51 rs2074356, and PLCE1 rs2274223) were genotyped, and the presence or absence of HPV16 in serum was measured by ELISA. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate possible interactions of HPV16 serostatus and the three loci on the risk of ESCC. RESULTS A significant interaction was found between HPV16 serology and rs2074356 (P = 0.005, odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.11-1.77) or rs2274223 (P < 0.001, OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.23-1.91), but not for rs738722. For rs2074356, risk of ESCC was increased substantially in smokers (P < 0.001, OR 8.25, 95% CI 3.84-17.71) and drinkers (OR4.04, P = 0.001, 95% CI 1.79-9.10) who carried risk alleles (TT or TC genotype) and were HPV16-seropositive. Similar results were observed for rs2274223 in smokers (P < 0.001, OR6.06, 95% CI 2.85-12.88) and drinkers (P < 0.001, OR 5.43, 95% CI 2.51-11.76), but not for rs738722. CONCLUSION Consistent with the previous study, loci at rs2074356 and rs2274223 could increase the risk of ESCC, furthermore, there were significant interactions between HPV sero-status and the susceptibility loci on the risk of ESCC. This effect could be modified obviously by smoking and drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xianglin Yuan
- Departments of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Liyanage SS, Rahman B, Gao Z, Zheng Y, Ridda I, Moa A, Newall AT, Seale H, Li Q, Liu JF, MacIntyre CR. Evidence for the aetiology of human papillomavirus in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2013; 3:e003604. [PMID: 24240141 PMCID: PMC3831092 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) as a risk factor for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in China, using all eligible studies published in the English and Chinese language literature. DESIGN The random effect model was used to analyse the pooled OR. The I(2) and Q tests were included in the subgroup analyses. SETTING Literature searches of databases including MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and other available resources were performed to retrieve studies investigating OSCC tissue from Chinese participants for the presence of HPV DNA. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE A collective analysis of OSCC cases and control specimens was carried out from 15 case-control studies (6 in the English language and 9 in the Chinese language) for HPV prevalence. RESULTS Of a total of 1177 OSCC and 1648 oesophageal control samples, 55% (642/1177) of cancer specimens and 27% (445/1648) of control samples were positive for HPV DNA. A positive strong association between HPV DNA and OSCC was observed among the included studies, with a pooled OR of 3.69 (95% CI 2.74 to 4.96). Heterogeneity and publication bias were not observed in the analysis. Subgroup analyses of the included studies also supported the measure of association of causal links between HPV and OSCC. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides the strongest evidence until now of an association between HPV and OSCC in the Chinese population. China has a high burden of OSCC, making this an important research finding. A strength and new contribution of this study is combining data from the English and Chinese language literature to analyse all studies conducted in China. These findings may inform the population level use of prophylactic HPV vaccination to reduce the burden of OSCC in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi S Liyanage
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bayzidur Rahman
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhanhai Gao
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yang Zheng
- Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Iman Ridda
- National Centre for Immunization Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aye Moa
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony T Newall
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly Seale
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Surgery, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jun-Feng Liu
- Department of Surgery, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - C Raina MacIntyre
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- National Centre for Immunization Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Anal human papillomavirus infection among HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men in Beijing, China. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2013; 64:103-14. [PMID: 23732908 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e31829b6298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In light of China's unique ethnic and sociocultural context, and a marked rise in HIV prevalence among MSM, it is important to determine prevalence, genotypes and predictors of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) among HIV-infected and uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM) in Beijing, China. METHODS In 2010-2011, we recruited MSM (age range 18-61; median 28 years) through peer volunteers, and collected demographic/behavioral information via interviewer-administrated questionnaires. Trained health workers collected anal swabs for HPV genotyping by PCR and blood samples for HIV/syphilis serologies. RESULTS We obtained anal specimens from 212 HIV-infected and 459 HIV-uninfected participants. Among HIV-infected MSM, 82.1% were HPV-infected vs. 57.5% in HIV-uninfected (p<0.01). HIV-infected men had the greatest likelihood of multiple types: 17.9% uninfected; 36.3% with one type; 36.8% with 2-3; 9.0% with ≥4. Oncogenic HPV prevalence was higher among HIV- infected (61.3%) than uninfected participants (39.7%; p<0.01). HIV-uninfected MSM reporting always using condoms during insertive anal intercourse (past 6 months) were less likely to be HPV-infected (OR=0.49, 95%CI: 0.31-0.77). Among HIV-uninfected MSM, HPV infection was associated with unprotected receptive anal intercourse (past 6 months; OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.19-3.11) and being forced to have sex (previous year; OR=3.32, 95%CI: 1.10-10.0). Multivariable logistic analysis among HIV infected MSM suggested that unprotected oral intercourse (past 6 months) was associated with HPV (adjusted OR=2.12, 95%CI: 1.00-4.48). Syphilis occurred in 55.8% of HIV-infected/HPV-infected, 50.0% of HIV-infected/HPV-uninfected, 19.6% of HIV-uninfected/HPV-infected, and 13.0% of HIV-uninfected/HPV-uninfected MSM. CONCLUSIONS HPV anal infections were more common among HIV-infected than uninfected MSM in China, including oncogenic and multiple types. Unprotected oral and receptive anal sex were was independently associated with HPV infection. Promotion of safer sex and HPV vaccination is strongly recommended among MSM.
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Association of p53 and MDM2 polymorphisms with risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Cancer Epidemiol 2013; 37:629-33. [PMID: 23837945 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Though polymorphisms of the tumor suppressor gene p53 have been extensively investigated in numerous tumors, particularly tumors associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, the results remain controversial. Our previous study showed that HPV serostatus is not an independent risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in nonsmokers and nondrinkers. Given the roles of p53 and HPV E6 as well as MDM2 oncoproteins in p53 degradation, we validated the association of p53 and MDM2 polymorphisms with ESCC risk stratified by HPV16 sero-status. METHODS Single nucleotide polymorphisms of p53 Arg72Pro (rs1042522) and MDM2 (rs937283) in 307 ESCC patients and 311 healthy controls were genotyped. The presence or absence of HPV16 in serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the possible associations of p53 and MDM2 polymorphisms with ESCC risk stratified by HPV16 sero-status. RESULTS Patients carrying p53 Arg/Arg or Arg/Pro had a higher risk of esophageal SCC (P<0.001, Odds ratio [OR] 4.98, 95% confidential interval [CI] 3.46-7.17), however, not found in MDM2 rs937283. The risk of esophageal SCC increased significantly among patients carrying p53 Arg/Arg, or Arg/Pro and HPV16-seropositivity (P<0.001, OR 9.33, 95% CI 5.44-16.0), but not for MDM2 rs937283. The risk of esophageal SCC was further elevated among patients carrying Arg/Arg or Arg/Pro and HPV16-seropositivity who were smokers (P<0.001, OR 27.05, 95% CI 11.06-66.16) or drinkers (P<0.001, OR 13.20, 95% CI 5.74-30.38). CONCLUSION HPV16 seropositivity synergized with p53 Arg/Arg or Arg/Pro and increased ESCC risk, especially in smokers or drinkers.
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