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Shin YI, Kim YK, Jeoung JW, Park KH. Age-related changes of intraocular pressure in Dutch belted rabbits. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12065. [PMID: 38802493 PMCID: PMC11130234 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62097-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated intraocular pressure (IOP) in Dutch belted rabbits using two different tonometers, rebound tonometry (TonoVet Plus; TVP) and a Tonopen (Tono-Pen AVIA Vet; TPA). Post-pubescent male Dutch belted rabbits aged 36 weeks (n = 10 animals) were used in the study. IOP measurements were conducted every 2 weeks for 22 weeks using TVP and TPA on both eyes of each rabbit. The average IOP measurements were compared by the paired Student's t-test. Pairwise Pearson's correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman statistics were used. The overall mean IOP measured with TPA was significantly higher than that with TVP (23.5 ± 4.9 vs. 21.8 ± 2.4 mmHg for the right eyes; P = 0.045, and 23.0 ± 4.7 vs. 21.5 ± 2.4 mmHg for the left eyes; P = 0.047). Both tonometers tended to show increased IOP readings with age, and positive correlations between IOP and age were observed with both TPA (r = 0.95, P < 0.001 for right eyes; r = 0.95, P < 0.001 for left eyes) and TVP (r = 0.91, P < 0.001 for right eyes; r = 0.64, P = 0.024 for left eyes). The average bias calculated by subtracting TPA from TVP was - 1.60 (95% confidence intervals - 1.927, - 1.281) mmHg. IOP in post-pubescent Dutch belted rabbits tended to increase with age throughout the 22 week study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young In Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young Kook Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Wook Jeoung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Ho Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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Evangelho KDS, Cifuentes-González C, Rojas-Carabali W, Vivero-Arciniegas CD, Cañas-Arboleda M, Salguero G, Ramírez-Santana C, de-la-Torre A. Early detection of optic nerve head changes using optical coherence tomography after using mesenchymal stromal cells as intravitreal therapy in rabbit models of ocular hypertension. Vet World 2024; 17:500-508. [PMID: 38595669 PMCID: PMC11000475 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.500-508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Stem cell therapy is considered a promising treatment for several neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are very few studies on the use of this therapy in glaucoma models. By detecting the changes produced by glaucoma early, cell therapy could help prevent the events that lead to blindness. In this study, early changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) as detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) after the application of human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) in an experimental model of ocular hypertension (OH) were evaluated. Materials and Methods Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the following three groups: G1: OH, G2: hWJ-MSCs, and G3: OH + hWJ-MSCs. An OH model was constructed, and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured regularly. At week 7, 105/100 μL hWJ-MSCs were intravitreally injected. Retinography and OCT were used to evaluate structural changes in ONH. Results IOP increased significantly in G1 and G3 from week 3 onward. Retinography revealed more significant optic nerve changes, that is, papillary asymmetry suggestive of optic nerve excavation, vascular alterations, and irregular hypopigmentation peripheral to the optic disk margin, in G1 compared with G3. OH locates the hWJ-MSCs solution in the vitreous in front of the optic nerve. OCT revealed retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) reduction in all groups, reduced optic cup volume in G2 and G3 between weeks 1 and 9, and significant ganglion cell layer thickness reduction in G1 and a slight increase in G3. Conclusion Intravitreal hWJ-MSCs injection produced changes in optic cup volume, which were detected early on by OCT; however, RNFL could not be restored in this OH model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine dos Santos Evangelho
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Cifuentes-González
- Neuroscience (NEUROS) Research Group, Neurovitae Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - William Rojas-Carabali
- Neuroscience (NEUROS) Research Group, Neurovitae Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Mariana Cañas-Arboleda
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud-IDCBIS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Salguero
- Advanced Therapies Unit, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud-IDCBIS, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Santana
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra de-la-Torre
- Neuroscience (NEUROS) Research Group, Neurovitae Research Center, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
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Oliveira IV, Oliveira LVSX, Santos VMB, Souza JLT, Costa MLL, Borges PF, Campos DB, Talieri IC. Determination of intraocular pressure and Schirmer tear test and the comparison between the applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen AVIA®) and the rebound tonometer (TonoVet Plus®) in mini lionhead rabbits. Vet Ophthalmol 2024; 27:53-60. [PMID: 37747053 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine intraocular pressure (IOP) and tear production, as well as to compare the IOP obtained with the TonoVet Plus® (rebound) with the Tono-Pen Avia® (applanation) tonometers. ANIMALS Twenty-five Mini Lionhead rabbits (n = 50 eyes). PROCEDURE Tear production was measured at 6:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. by using the STT. The IOP reading was performed with the rebound tonometer, followed by the applanation tonometer, at 6:00 a.m., 9:00 a.m., 12:00 p.m., 3:00 p.m., and 6:00 p.m. Regression analysis, analysis of variance (anova) and Bland-Altman statistics were used. RESULTS Daily tear production was 10.25 ± 3.75 mm/min, with no differences among the moments evaluated. Average daily IOP was 17.7 ± 3.08 mmHg with the TonoVet Plus® and 11.5 ± 4.56 mmHg with the Tono-Pen Avia®. IOP values were higher at the beginning and end of the day with both tonometers. CONCLUSION The IOP values are higher with the TonoVet Plus® tonometer. The reference values of IOP and tear production obtained in this work may support the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of ocular disorders in pet Mini Lionhead rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael V Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Lídia V S X Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Victória M B Santos
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - João L T Souza
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Maria Lindomárcia L Costa
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Péricles F Borges
- Department of Social Sciences, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Danila B Campos
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
| | - Ivia C Talieri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Areia, Brazil
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Mills EP, Liu CC, Emelogu U, Carter RT, Camacho-Luna P, Lewin AC. Validation of a novel rebound tonometer (Tono-Vera® Vet) in normal ex vivo rabbit eyes. Vet Ophthalmol 2023; 26:555-559. [PMID: 37658477 DOI: 10.1111/vop.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to validate the use of the Reichert Tono-Vera® Vet tonometer rabbit setting in normal ex vivo rabbit eyes and to compare the rabbit setting to the dog, cat, and horse settings of this tonometer. PROCEDURE Six freshly enucleated normal rabbit eyes were cannulated and connected to a fluid reservoir and physiologic monitor. Triplicate measurements were obtained with the four available settings: dog, cat, horse, and rabbit at various intraocular pressures (IOP) ranging from 5 to 80 mmHg. Bland-Altman analysis was utilized to determine bias and 95% limits of agreement for each setting. RESULTS Linear regression equations for the dog, horse, cat, and rabbit settings were y = 0.8101x + 2.5058, y = 0.7594x - 3.4673, y = 0.6635x + 0.3021, and y = 0.8935x + 1.3295, respectively. All settings demonstrated strong positive linear trends (dog r2 = 0.9644, horse r2 = 0.9456, cat r2 = 0.9309, and rabbit r2 = 0.9558). Bland-Altman plots revealed that the average bias and 95% limits of agreement (mmHg) were -4.73, -12.65, -12.86 and -2.73 and (-15.31, 5.86), (-29.03, 3.74), (-25.67, -0.05), and (-12.21, 6.76) for the dog, horse, cat, and rabbit settings, respectively. CONCLUSION The Tono-Vera® Vet rabbit setting provided the most accurate and precise measurements compared with the other settings, but slightly underestimated actual IOP, especially as IOP was increased. This tonometer, using the rabbit setting, is likely to be appropriate for the estimation of IOP in rabbits with the appropriate correction formula applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn P Mills
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chin-Chi Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ugochi Emelogu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Renee T Carter
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Pilar Camacho-Luna
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andrew C Lewin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Okur S, Yanmaz LE, Senocak MG, Ersöz U, Gölgeli A, Turgut F, Orhun OT, Kocaman Y. Comparison of intraocular pressure in New Zealand White rabbits measured using rebound and applanation tonometers and four different methods of physical restraint. N Z Vet J 2023; 71:251-258. [PMID: 37306141 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2224277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained in rabbits using rebound (TV) and applanation (TPV) tonometers with four different methods of physical restraint. METHODS A total of 20 New Zealand White rabbits (40 eyes) were included in this study. IOP readings were obtained from both eyes using the two different tonometers. The rabbits were placed on a table and restrained by wrapping in a cloth (Method I), by scruffing with rear support (Method II), by wrapping in a cloth and cupped in the hands (Method III), or by a box restrainer (Method IV). RESULTS The mean IOP measurement obtained by TPV was higher than that obtained with the TV for all handling methods. Mean differences (TV-TPV, in mmHg) in IOP were -5.3 (95% Cl = -6.5 to -4.1) for Method 1, -4.7 (95% Cl = -6.2 to -3.29) for Method II, -4.9 (95% Cl = -6.2 to -3.7) for Method III and -7.6 (95% Cl = -9.2 to -5.9) for Method IV. Using the TV tonometer, mean IOP for Method IV was higher than for Method I (mean difference 2.1 (95% Cl = 1.1-3.1)), whereas using the TPV tonometer, mean IOP for Method IV was significantly higher than Method I, II, and III (mean differences: 4.4 (95% Cl = 2.6-5.9), 3.7 (95% Cl = 2-5.3) and 3.8 (95% Cl = 2-5.4), respectively). According to Bland-Altman plots, IOP readings for TPV tended to be higher than those for TV with all handling methods, but with a lack of agreement. The mean difference and 95% limits of agreement for the differences between TV and TPV were -5.4 mmHg (-12.5-1.9 mmHg), -4.7 mmHg (-12.9-3.5 mmHg), -4.9 mmHg (-12-2.2 mmHg), and -7.5 mmHg (-17.4-2.3 mmHg), with Methods I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Comparing TV and TPV, only 7.5%, 12.5%, 27.5%, and 15% of IOP measurements from 20 rabbits were within the range considered clinically acceptable for IOP (± 2 mmHg) for Method I, II, III, and IV, respectively. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In conclusion, the physical restraint method should be recorded when IOP is measured in rabbits, and TV and TPV tonometers cannot be used interchangeably (high bias and low proportion of measurements within ± 2 mmHg).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Okur
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - L E Yanmaz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - M G Senocak
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - U Ersöz
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - A Gölgeli
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - F Turgut
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - O T Orhun
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Y Kocaman
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Barbosa SF, Raposo ACS, Dórea Neto FDA, Araujo NLLC, Oliveira MMS, Oriá AP. TonoVet Plus®: Higher reliability and repeatability compared with Tono-Pen XL™ and TonoVet® in rabbits. Vet Ophthalmol 2022; 25:272-281. [PMID: 35247282 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy and repeatability of the Tono-Pen XL™, TonoVet® and TonoVet Plus® tonometers by manometric evaluation, and to establish adjustment equations for intraocular pressure (IOP) estimates in rabbits. ANIMAL STUDIED Rabbits. PROCEDURES A postmortem study was conducted on seven rabbit eyes to verify the correlation between manometry and tonometry with an artificial incremental increase in IOP from 5 and 60 mmHg. A clinical study was conducted to evaluate accuracy and to establish reference values for the species, with measurement of IOP in 17 animals, for 2 consecutive days, with the same tonometers and calibrations used in the postmortem evaluations. RESULTS There were strong linear trends for all evaluated tonometers. In the in-vivo evaluation, the mean IOP values were: 14.23 ± 1.75 (Tono-Pen XL™); 13.89 ± 2.07 (TonoVet® calibration mode 'd'); 8.88 ± 1.24 (TonoVet calibration mode 'p'); 18.59 ± 1.94 (Tonovet Plus®). There was a significant difference in the two evaluation times for the two TonoVet® calibration modes. The adjustment equations generated from the manometry for the evaluated tonometers were: Y = 0.2570X + 2.219 (Tono-Pen XL™), Y = 0.2289X + 2.389 (TonoVet® 'd'), Y = 0.4043X + 4.062 (TonoVet® 'p'), Y = 0.1233X + 0.3644 (TonoVet Plus®) (X is device-estimated IOP). CONCLUSIONS All evaluated tonometers were well correlated with the manometry, with an underestimation of IOP by all devices. Applying adjustment formulas may compensate for systematic errors. TonoVet Plus® was well tolerated, and showed better repeatability and reliability in successive evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirlene F Barbosa
- Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia S Raposo
- Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Nayone L L C Araujo
- Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Arianne P Oriá
- Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Almeida VTDS, Garcia CB, Jorge AT, Paulino Júnior D, Martins JG, Pereira PM, Almeida Júnior SD, Dias FGG. Comparison between the rebound (TD - 8000 portable) and applanation tonometer (Tono-Pen AviaTM) managed by different evaluators for intraocular pressure measurements in rabbits. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-73055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to compare values of intraocular pressure (IOP) by different tonometers and evaluators (veterinary ophthalmologist specialist and veterinary not a specialist). For this, 30 rabbits were used, and in all (n = 60 eyes), the IOP was initially measured with a rebound tonometer (model TD - 8000 portable, Apramed Indústria e Comércio de Equipamentos Médicos Ltda) and, subsequently, with an applanation tonometer (portable model Tono-Pen AviaTM®, Reichert Technologies®, USA). With the two devices, the measurements in mmHg were performed in the central region of the corneas, always performed in the same period, by a professional veterinary ophthalmologist (specialist) and a professional veterinary (not a specialist). Data were statistically compared using the simple analysis of variance test. With the rebound tonometer, IOP ranged from 7 to 14 mmHg when measured by both evaluators; while with the applanation tonometer, from 9 to 15 mmHg by the specialist and from 8 to 16 mmHg by the non-specialist. In the right eyes, the IOP measured by the applanation tonometer by the non-experienced evaluator was statistically lower than the specialist's values; yet, the results of the two evaluators were higher in these same eyes when compared with those of the rebound tonometer. In the left eyes, the IOP measured by the applanation tonometer by the non-experienced evaluator was statistically higher than the specialist's values with the rebound tonometer. Thus, it was possible to infer that, regardless of experience in the area, the applanation tonometer indicated higher mean values of IOP in both eyes and, about the evaluators, the means of the measurements performed by the specialist were higher compared to the non-professional specialist.
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Almeida VTDS, Garcia CB, Jorge AT, Paulino Júnior D, Martins JG, Pereira PM, Almeida Júnior SD, Dias FGG. Comparação entre o tonômetro de rebote (TD - 8000 portable) e aplanação (Tono-Pen AviaTM) manuseados por diferentes avaliadores para mensurações da pressão intraocular em coelhos. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v23e-73055p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os valores da pressão intraocular (PIO) por diferentes tonômetros e avaliadores (veterinário oftalmologista especialista e veterinário não especialista). Para isso, foram utilizados 30 coelhos, em todos (n = 60 olhos), a PIO foi medida inicialmente com um tonômetro de rebote (model TD - 8000 portable, Apramed Indústria e Comércio de Equipamentos Médicos Ltda) e, posteriormente, com um tonômetro de aplanação (portable model Tono-Pen AviaTM®, Reichert Technologies®, USA). Com os dois aparelhos, as medidas em mmHg foram realizadas na região central das córneas, sempre no mesmo período, por um profissional oftalmologista veterinário (especialista) e um profissional veterinário (não especialista). Os dados foram comparados estatisticamente por meio do teste de análise de variância simples. Com o tonômetro de rebote, a PIO variou de 7 a 14 mmHg quando medida por ambos os avaliadores; enquanto com o tonômetro de aplanação, de 9 a 15 mmHg pelo especilista e de 8 a 16 mmHg pelo não especialista. Nos olhos direitos, a PIO medida pelo tonômetro de aplanação pelo avaliador não experiente foi estatisticamente inferior aos valores do especialista; ainda, os resultados dos dois avaliadores foram maiores nestes mesmos olhos quando comparados com os do tonômetro de rebote. Nos olhos esquerdos, a PIO medida pelo tonômetro de aplanação pelo avaliador não experiente foi estatisticamente superior aos valores do especialista com o tonômetro de rebote. Assim, foi possível inferir que, independente da experiência na área, o tonômetro de aplanação indicou maiores valores médios de PIO em ambos os olhos e, em relação aos avaliadores, as médias das medidas realizadas pelos especialistas foram maiores em relação ao não especialista.
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Rodarte-Almeida ACV, Carvalho CM, Mergulhão FV, Machado MTS, Moore BA, Galera PD. The eye of the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla): Ophthalmic examination findings and diagnostic tests. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 25:263-268. [PMID: 34918878 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe ophthalmic examination and diagnostic values for Schirmer tear test (STT), intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal horizontal diameter (CHD), palpebral fissure length (PFL), fundoscopy, and palpebral conjunctiva microbiota from healthy giant anteaters. ANIMALS STUDIED Twelve giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), 11 adults and one juvenile, five males and seven females. PROCEDURES The animals were submitted to general anesthesia and ophthalmic evaluation with portable slit-lamp biomicroscope, Finoff transilluminator, and fundoscopy, as well as STT, bacterial culture from palpebral conjunctiva, rebound tonometry IOP, and measurement of PFL and CHD. Data compiled were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey tests. RESULTS The results (mean ± standard deviation) were as follows: STT 8.04 ± 6.21 mm/min; IOP 10.92 ± 2.45 mmHg; PFL 0.75 ± 0.11 cm; CHD 0.96 ± 0.10 cm. Out of the 24 eyes swab samples for bacterial culture, 17 were positive, with three genera of Gram-positive bacteria identified Staphylococcus spp., Bacillus sp., and Corynebacterium sp. Gram-negative bacteria were not isolated from any of the samples. CONCLUSIONS As conservation work in this vulnerable species continues, this report on basic ophthalmic examination and diagnostic parameters will be helpful improve their treatment and care. More ophthalmic studies are encouraged in animals within the Pilosa order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C V Rodarte-Almeida
- ACR Oftalmologia Veterinária, Brasília, DF, Brasil.,Comparative Ophthalmology Laboratory, School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Clarissa M Carvalho
- Comparative Ophthalmology Laboratory, School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | | | - Marilia T S Machado
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Bret A Moore
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paula D Galera
- Comparative Ophthalmology Laboratory, School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
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Bertens CJF, van Mechelen RJS, Berendschot TTJM, Gijs M, Wolters JEJ, Gorgels TGMF, Nuijts RMMA, Beckers HJM. Repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of three tonometers for measuring intraocular pressure in rabbits. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19217. [PMID: 34584185 PMCID: PMC8478901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate repeatability, reproducibility, and agreement of three commonly used tonometers in animal research (TonoLab, TonoVet, and TonoPEN AVIA) in a cohort of 24 rabbits. Additionally, the impact of sedation on IOP was investigated in 21 New Zealand White rabbits with the TonoVet tonometer. Repeatability was determined using the coefficient of variation (CoV) for two observers. For the TonoLab (6.55%) and TonoVet (6.38%) the CoV was lower than for the TonoPEN AVIA (10.88%). The reproducibility was highest for the TonoVet (0.2 ± 3.3 mmHg), followed by the TonoLab (0 ± 12.89 mmHg) and lowest for the TonoPEN AVIA (− 1.48 ± 10.3 mmHg). The TonoLab and TonoVet showed the highest agreement (r = 0.85, R2 = 0.73). After sedation, a significant IOP reduction (often > 25%) was observed. Our results show that among the three tonometers tested, the TonoVet tonometer is best for use in rabbits while the TonoLab should be avoided. The impact of sedation on IOP was substantial and should be taken into account during experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J F Bertens
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ralph J S van Mechelen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tos T J M Berendschot
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Gijs
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jarno E J Wolters
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G M F Gorgels
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy M M A Nuijts
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henny J M Beckers
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Clinic Maastricht, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P. Debyelaan 25, PO Box 5800, 6229 HX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Chemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Gaetano Martinolaan 63-65, 6229 GS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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11
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Helbig S, Eule JC. [Evaluation of the applanation tonometer Tono-Pen Avia® Vet™ for the measurement of the canine and feline intraocular pressure]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2021; 49:86-92. [PMID: 33902116 DOI: 10.1055/a-1197-4709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Using tonometers, intraocular pressure (IOP) is merely measured indirectly leading to measurement inaccuracies. All available technical devices are designed for humans, hence a calibration via comparison to manometric measurements is necessary for their use in veterinary medicine. In this study, the applanation tonometer Tono-Pen Avia® Vet™ (TPA) was to be calibrated for use in dogs and cats resulting in the calculation of a correction factor. Additional objectives were the determination of reference values for TPA-derived IOP and the evaluation of possible influence of patient characteristics on measurements results. MATERIAL AND METHODS For the manometric study, 10 enucleated eyes from cats and dogs were subject to IOP measurement with a manometer and the TPA covering the range of 5-60 mmHg. The mean percentage of difference between manometer and TPA was used to calculate correction factors. Subsequently, the TPA was employed to measure the IOP in healthy animals without signs of ocular disease for the determination of reference values. The effect of the patient characteristics age, body weight, and gender on the IOP measurement results was examined using statistical mixed models. RESULTS With rising intraocular pressure, the TPA underestimated IOP to an increasing degree. Multiplication of the TPA-derived IOP with the factor of 1.5 for dogs and cats resulted in values well in accordance with the manometrically-derived, actual IOP. In the second part of the study, a total of 94 dogs (188 eyes) and 64 cats (128 eyes) were examined. Reference values for the IOP measured with the TPA are 9-18 mmHg for dogs and 9-20 mmHg for cats. For both species, age exhibited a significant influence (dog, p = 0.001 and cat, p = 0.008) on the IOP measurement results in that the IOP-values displayed a decrease with increasing age. CONCLUSION The TPA underestimated the actual IOP with increasing intraocular pressure. The calculated correction factor of 1.5 is suitable for the conversion of tonometric IOP results into actual pressure values. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The TPA is suitable for the measurement of the IOP in dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Corinna Eule
- Klinik für kleine Haustiere der Freien Universität Berlin
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12
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Rodrigues BD, Montiani-Ferreira F, Bortolini M, Somma AT, Komáromy AM, Dornbusch PT. Intraocular pressure measurements using the TONOVET ® rebound tonometer: Influence of the probe-cornea distance. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 24 Suppl 1:175-185. [PMID: 33070466 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the effect of different probe-cornea distances during intraocular pressure (IOP) data acquisition in dogs and rats. ANIMALS STUDIED Twenty-four conscious dogs and 15 anesthetized Wistar rats. METHODS Three interchangeable three-dimensional printed polylactide plastic spacer collars were used in place of the original Icare TonoVet® collar piece, which provided different distances (4, 6, and 8 mm) between the instrument's probe and the corneal surface. IOP values were obtained in sequence by a single observer, with the tonometer probe at a 4-, 6-, and 8-mm distance from the corneal surface. The dogs were gently restrained, and the rats were anesthetized with isoflurane. RESULTS Intraocular pressure values obtained at 4, 6, and 8 mm from the TonoVet® probe to corneal surface distance in both dogs and rats were significantly different (P < .01). There was a small positive correlation between IOP (mm Hg) and probe-cornea distance (mm) (rs = 0.39 for dogs and rs = 0.51 for rats). In dogs, the mean IOP (± SD mm Hg) obtained at different distances were 16.2 ± 3.0 at 4 mm; 17.6 ± 3.4 at 6 mm; and 19.8 ± 3.8 at 8 mm. In rats, IOP values were 8.2 ± 1.5 at 4-mm; 9.4 ± 1.8 at 6-mm; and 10.5 ± 1.5 mm Hg at 8-mm distance. CONCLUSIONS Probe-cornea distance of the Icare TonoVet® significantly affects IOP readings, even within the 4- to 8-mm range recommended by the manufacturer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanche D Rodrigues
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Integrated Center of Veterinary Specialties (CIEV), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Mariza Bortolini
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - André T Somma
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Integrated Center of Veterinary Specialties (CIEV), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - András M Komáromy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Peterson Triches Dornbusch
- Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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13
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Zyablitskaya M, Jayyosi C, Takaoka A, Myers KM, Suh LH, Nagasaki T, Trokel SL, Paik DC. Topical Corneal Cross-Linking Solution Delivered Via Corneal Reservoir in Dutch-Belted Rabbits. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:20. [PMID: 32879776 PMCID: PMC7442877 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.9.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose A topical corneal cross-linking solution that can be used as an adjunct or replacement to standard photochemical cross-linking (UV-riboflavin) methods remain an attractive possibility. Optimal concentration and delivery method for such topical corneal stabilization in the living rabbit eye were developed. Methods A series of experiments were carried out using Dutch-belted rabbits (3 months old, weighing 1.0–1.5 kg) and topical cross-linking solutions (sodium hydroxymethylglycinate) (10–250 mM) delivered via corneal reservoir. The application regimen included a one-time 30-minute application (10–40 mM sodium hydroxymethylglycinate) as well as a once per week 5-minute application (250 mM sodium hydroxymethylglycinate) for 7 weeks. Animals were evaluated serially for changes in IOP, pachymetry, epithelial integrity, and endothelial cell counts. Keratocyte changes were identified using intravital laser scanning confocal microscopy. Post mortem efficacy was evaluated by mechanical inflation testing. Results Overall, there were very few differences observed in right eye treated versus left eye controls with respect to intraocular pressure, pachymetry, and endothelial cell counts, although 30-minute cross-linking techniques did cause transient increases in thickness resolving within 7 days. Epithelial damage was noted in all of the 30-minute applications and fully resolved within 72 hours. Keratocyte changes were significant, showing a wound healing pattern similar to that after riboflavin UVA photochemical cross-linking in rabbits and humans. Surprisingly, post mortem inflation testing showed that the lower concentration of 20 mM delivered over 30 minutes showed the most profound stiffening/strengthening effect. Conclusions Topical cross-linking conditions that are safe and can increase corneal stiffness/strength in the living rabbit eye have been identified. Translational Relevance A topical corneal cross-linking solution delivered via corneal reservoir is shown to be both safe and effective at increasing tissue strength in living rabbit eyes and could now be tested in patients suffering from keratoconus and other conditions marked by corneal tissue weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles Jayyosi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Takaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristin M Myers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leejee H Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Stephen L Trokel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David C Paik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Yuschenkoff D, Graham J, Pumphrey SA. Diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma in client-owned rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 16 eyes from 11 rabbits (2008–2019). J Exot Pet Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Kovalcuka L, Nikolajenko M. Changes in intraocular pressure, horizontal pupil diameter, and tear production during the use of topical 1% cyclopentolate in cats and rabbits. Open Vet J 2020; 10:59-67. [PMID: 32426258 PMCID: PMC7193883 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v10i1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclopentolate is not commonly used as mydriatic drug in veterinary medicine because of limited data on the local and systemic effects in animals. Aim To determine the effects of topical 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride on intraocular pressure (IOP), horizontal pupil diameter (HPD) and tear production in the cat and rabbit's eye during the first hour and up to 36 hours after treatment. Methods One drop of 1% cyclopentolate hydrochloride was used in the left eye in 10 clinically and ophthalmologically healthy domestic cats and 10 rabbits. IOP and HPD were recorded every 5 minutes during the first hour, then every 2 hours during the following 12-hour period, and at 24 and 36 hours after application. Schirmer tear test (STT) was measured at 30 and 60 minute after treatment, then in same time points as IOP and HPD. Rebound tonometer (TonoVet®) was used to assess IOP, Jameson calliper to measure HPD and STT to determine the tear production. Results 1% cyclopentolate increased IOP in cats, reaching a maximum (28.1 ± 5.4 mmHg) at T 50 and in rabbits at T25 (16.7 ± 1.3 mmHg). Maximal mydriasis in cats was observed at T 40 and lasted 24-36 hours, but in rabbits at T 25, and returned to pre-treatment values at T 10h-T 12h. In cats, STT decreased in both eyes 30 minutes after treatment and remained lower throughout the 36-hour period. In rabbits, STT decreased in the treated eye 30 minutes after treatment, but all following STT measurements returned to normal pre-treatment levels. Conclusion Study showed novel data about the effects of 1% cyclopentolate to IOP, HPD, STT in cats and rabbits. Cyclopentolate in cats caused mydriasis 20-40 minutes after the treatment by increasing IOP, at the same time, pupil diameter reached pre-treatment values 24-36 hours after treatment. In rabbit's mydriasis occurred faster, 10-25 minutes after treatment without significant IOP increase and mydriasis lasted 10-12 hours. Significant STT decrease was recorded in cats, but more likely were connected to stress factors. This drug could be considered as a therapeutical alternative in rabbit more than in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liga Kovalcuka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Institute,Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
| | - Madara Nikolajenko
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Institute,Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Jelgava, Latvia
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16
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El-Feky YA, Mostafa DA, Al-Sawahli MM, El-Telbany RFA, Zakaria S, Fayez AM, Ahmed KA, Alolayan EM, El-Telbany DFA. Reduction of intraocular pressure using timolol orally dissolving strips in the treatment of induced primary open-angle glaucoma in rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 72:682-698. [PMID: 32170884 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To enhance bioavailability of timolol (TML) and utilize alternatives for traditional eye drops for more patient compliance, this study was aiming to develop biodegradable orally dissolving strips (ODSs) of TML for treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS Novel ODSs of TML were formulated and optimized using solvent casting method according to full factorial design (31 .22 ). TML ODSs were characterized with respect to many parameters. In-vivo test was carried out using four groups of 24 New Zealand albino rabbits. POAG was induced by subconjunctival treatment of betamethasone. Histopathological examination and oxidative stress markers assay were carried out. KEY FINDINGS The optimized formula (F9) exhibited a remarkably 15-s disintegration time and 96% dissolution rate after 10 min. The results revealed a potent significant inhibitory effect of the optimized TML ODS to reduce IOP in induced rabbits in comparison with control rabbits and TML eye drops-treated rabbits. The formula showed also high activity against oxidative stress and absence of histopathological changes in iridocorneal angle and cornea. CONCLUSION The ODSs could be a promising alternative delivery system for eye drops with more compliance to enhance delivery and therapeutic activity of TML in treatment of POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin A El-Feky
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Majid M Al-Sawahli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Rania Farag A El-Telbany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherin Zakaria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Fayez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam M Alolayan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Farag A El-Telbany
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Ophthalmologic Diseases of Small Mammals. FERRETS, RABBITS, AND RODENTS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7258699 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-48435-0.00040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ophthalmic examination of small mammals follows the same principles as in other species. Reference values for tear production and intraocular pressure are provided. Conjunctivitis and epiphora is common in rabbits. Numerous infectious organisms have been isolated from rabbits with conjunctivitis. Dental disease can be a cause for conjunctivitis in rabbits. Treatment consists of topical and oral antimicrobial agents and irrigation of the nasolacrimal system. Underlying dental disease needs to be addressed. Ulcerative keratitis, corneal dystrophy, membranous occlusion of the cornea and eosinophilic keratitis are described. Encephalitozoon cuniculi can cause phacoclastic uveitis in rabbits. A break in the anterior lens capsule exposes lens protein with subsequent anterior uveitis and cataract formation. Cataract surgery can be performed to remove the affected lens. Glaucoma is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait in rabbits. Orbital disease in rabbits may be associated with dental disease. Treatment is often difficult due to the caseous nature of the abscessed material. The most common ophthalmic diseases seen in ferrets include conjunctivitis, corneal endothelial cell degeneration, cataract formation, retinal degeneration and orbital disease. Ophthalmic diseases in guinea pigs include conjunctivitis, dermoids, cataract and osseous metaplasia of the mesectodermal trabecular meshwork. Exophthalmos may be related to dental disease in guinea pigs and chinchillas. Chromodacryorrhea is seen in rats and mice associated with inflammation of the Harderian gland. Sialodacryoadenitis virus is a highly contagious virus that may cause exophthalmos, epiphora and keratoconjunctivitis. Ammonia vapors from soiled bedding can cause keratoconjunctivitis in hamsters.
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18
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Lim J, Kang S, Park S, Park E, Nam T, Jeong S, Seo K. Intraocular Pressure Measurement by Rebound Tonometry (TonoVet) in Normal Pigeons ( Columba livia). J Avian Med Surg 2019; 33:46-52. [PMID: 31124611 DOI: 10.1647/2017-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the applicability of a rebound tonometer (TonoVet) in pigeon eyes and established normal reference intraocular pressure (IOP) values in healthy pigeons; 20 eyes of euthanized pigeons were used for calibration of the TonoVet and 48 eyes of 24 adult pigeons were used for measurement of reference IOP. First, IOP of pigeon eyes ex vivo were measured using the 'd' and the 'p' modes of the TonoVet and compared to manometric IOP values from 5 to 80 mm Hg. Then, to establish normal reference values, IOP was measured from clinically normal pigeons in vivo. The 'd' and the 'p' modes of the TonoVet showed a strong linear correlation with the manometric IOP (R2 = .996 and .991, respectively). The obtained regression formulas were: y1 = 0.439x + 2.059 and y2 = 0.330x - 0.673, respectively (y1, 'd' mode of TonoVet; y2, 'p' mode of TonoVet; x, manometric IOP). The 'd' and the 'p' modes consistently measured one-half and one-third of the actual IOP, respectively. Therefore, the formula obtained through the 'd' mode was applied to obtain reference values. The calibrated IOP of normal pigeon eyes was 19.5 ± 4.4 mm Hg. The actual IOP could be calculated using the presented formula. Considering the limitations of the 'p' mode, use of the 'd' mode is more appropriate. Therefore, the TonoVet rebound tonometry under the 'd' mode is a reliable method for measuring IOP in pigeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaegook Lim
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK 21 Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Seonmi Kang
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK 21 Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Sangwan Park
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK 21 Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Eunjin Park
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK 21 Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Taekjin Nam
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK 21 Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Seowoo Jeong
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK 21 Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Kangmoon Seo
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK 21 Creative Veterinary Research Center, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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Hwang J, Kang S, Seok S, Ahmed S, Yeon S. Ophthalmic findings in cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus). Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 23:314-324. [PMID: 31774216 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to provide ophthalmic reference values under normal physiological conditions for Aegypius monachus (cinereous vulture). PROCEDURES Thirty-two eyes of sixteen adult captive cinereous vultures were used for this study. Tear tests and tonometry in conscious and anesthetized states, neuro-ophthalmic tests, measurement of corneal diameter, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, and funduscopy were performed. RESULTS Schirmer tear test (STT) value was 11.4 ± 2.6 and 11.5 ± 2.8 mm/min in the right (OD) and left eye (OS), respectively. Phenol red thread test (PRT) values were 22.3 ± 2.1 mm/15 s OD and 22.8 ± 3.0 mm/15 s OS. The results showed a strong correlation between STT and PRT in both eyes. Intraocular pressure (IOP) values were 32.8 ± 6.9 mm Hg OD and 31.9 ± 7.1 mm Hg OS with TonoVet and 20.7 ± 4.5 mm Hg OD and 19.5 ± 4.1 mm Hg OS with Tono-Pen. There were significant differences in IOPs between rebound and applanation tonometry in both OD and OS. Tear production and IOP values showed significant reductions with general anesthesia in both tear tests and both tonometry (P < .001). Horizontal corneal diameter (mm) was 15.56 ± 0.96 OD and 15.56 ± 0.96 OS. Vertical diameter (mm) was 14.13 ± 0.96 OD and 14.06 ± 1.06 OS. The horizontal diameter was significantly longer than vertical diameter (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Ocular morphologic information and normal reference range values for various ophthalmic measurements were obtained in clinically healthy cinereous vultures, which can facilitate accurate diagnosis and better management of ophthalmic diseases in cinereous vultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seonmi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research, Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sohail Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research, Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongchan Yeon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research, Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Schwerk B, Harder L, Windhövel C, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Wagner A, Bach JP, Voigt LC, Hinze U, Chichkov B, Haferkamp H, Lubatschowski H, Nikolic S, Nolte I. Comparison of two prototypes of a magnetically adjustable glaucoma implant in rabbits. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215316. [PMID: 30973952 PMCID: PMC6459522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma drainage devices are used in surgical glaucoma therapy. Success of controlling the intraocular pressure is limited due to fibrous implant encapsulation and fibrin coating on the implant which lead to drainage obstructions. An innovative implant with a magnetically adjustable valve was developed. The valve opening of the implant should eliminate inflammatory products from the outflow area and affect fibrous tissue formation to achieve a sufficient long-term aqueous humour outflow. Lifting of this valve should disturb cell adhesion by exerting mechanical forces. Before testing this hypothesis, the flow characteristics of glaucoma drainage devices, especially the outflow resistance by regular IOP, should be considered in a pilot study, as they are important in preventing too low postoperative intraocular pressure known as ocular hypotony. Therefore, two prototypes of the innovative implant differing in their valve area design were examined regarding their flow characteristics in a limited animal experiment lasting two weeks. Ten healthy New Zealand White rabbits were divided into two groups (A & B) with different implanted prototypes. Daily, tonometry and direct ophthalmoscopy were performed to assess the intraocular pressure and the inflammatory reaction of the eye. After two weeks, the rabbits were euthanised to evaluate the initially histological inflammatory reaction to the implant. In group A, one case of hypotony emerged. When considering the entire observation period, a highly statistically significant difference between the intraocular pressure in the operated eye and that in the control eye was detected in group A (p < 0.0001) in contrast to group B (p = 0.0063). The postoperative inflammatory signs decreased within two weeks. Histologically, a typical but low level foreign body reaction with macrophages and lymphocytes as well as mild to moderate fibrosis was seen after the short experimental period. Based on our tonometric results, prototype B seems to be the system of choice for further research assessing its long-term function and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Schwerk
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (IN); (BS)
| | - Lisa Harder
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Windhövel
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anna Wagner
- Institute for Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Bach
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Carolin Voigt
- Clinic for Small Mammals, Reptiles and Birds, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulf Hinze
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Boris Chichkov
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heinz Haferkamp
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail: (IN); (BS)
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Eördögh R, Szikszai P, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Künzel F. Bilateral Uveal Metastasis Due to a Mammary Carcinoma in a Rabbit: A Case Report. J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Santhanam S, Shui YB, Struckhoff J, Karakocak BB, Hamilton PD, Harocopos GJ, Ravi N. Bioinspired Fibrillary Hydrogel with Controlled Swelling Behavior: Applicability as an Artificial Vitreous. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 2:70-80. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Santhanam
- Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Ying-Bo Shui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jessica Struckhoff
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Bedia Begum Karakocak
- Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Paul D. Hamilton
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - George J. Harocopos
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Nathan Ravi
- Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
- Department of
Veterans Affairs, St. Louis Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63106, United States
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Rapuano PB, Scanameo AH, Amponin DE, Paulose SA, Zyablitskaya M, Takaoka A, Suh LH, Nagasaki T, Trokel SL, Paik DC. Antimicrobial Studies Using the Therapeutic Tissue Cross-Linking Agent, Sodium Hydroxymethylglycinate: Implication for Treating Infectious Keratitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:332-337. [PMID: 29346493 PMCID: PMC5774256 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our recent studies raise the possibility of using sodium hydroxymethylglycinate (SMG), for pharmacologic therapeutic tissue cross-linking (TXL) of the cornea. The present study was performed to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of SMG for potential use in treating infectious keratitis. Methods In initial (group 1) experiments, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) were treated with SMG (10–40 mM) for 10 to 120 minutes. In group 2 experiments, MRSA, PA, Candida albicans (CA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) were treated with SMG (20–200 mM) for 30 minutes. In group 2 experiments, BSA and neutralizing buffer were added to provide a proteinaceous medium, and to ensure precise control of SMG exposure times, respectively. SMG effectiveness was quantitated based on pathogen growth following a 24- to 48-hour incubation period. Results In group 1 experiments, as expected, time- and concentration-dependent bactericidal effects were noted using MSSA. In addition, the effect of SMG (40 mM) was greatest against MSSA (99.3%), MRSA (96.0%), and PA (97.4%) following a 2-hour exposure with lesser effects following 30- and 10-minute exposures. In group 2 experiments, concentration-dependent bactericidal effects were confirmed for MRSA (91%), PA (99%), and VRE (55%) for 200-mM SMG with 30-minute treatment. SMG was not as effective against CA, with a maximum kill rate of 37% at 80 mM SMG. Conclusions SMG solution exhibits a dose-dependent bactericidal effect on MSSA, MRSA, and PA, with milder effects on VRE and CA. These studies raise the possibility of using SMG TXL for the treatment of infectious keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Rapuano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Alexandra H Scanameo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Daeryl E Amponin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Sefy A Paulose
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Mariya Zyablitskaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Anna Takaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Leejee H Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Takayuki Nagasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Stephen L Trokel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - David C Paik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
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25
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Hibbs CD, Barrett PM, Dees DD. Intraocular pressure reference intervals in eyes of clinically normal miniature donkeys (Equus africanus
asinus). Vet Ophthalmol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Cairó M, Peña MT, Rios J, Melero A, Martorell J, Leiva M. ASSESSMENT OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE BY APPLANATION AND REBOUND TONOMETRY IN GUINEA PIGS OF DIFFERENT AGES. J Exot Pet Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AND EXAMINATION FINDINGS IN THREE SPECIES OF CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN TREE FROGS (CRUZIOHYLA CRASPEDOPUS,CRUZIOHYLA CALCARIFER, ANDANOTHECA SPINOSA). J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 48:688-693. [DOI: 10.1638/2016-0243.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Zyablitskaya M, Takaoka A, Munteanu EL, Nagasaki T, Trokel SL, Paik DC. Evaluation of Therapeutic Tissue Crosslinking (TXL) for Myopia Using Second Harmonic Generation Signal Microscopy in Rabbit Sclera. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:21-29. [PMID: 28055099 PMCID: PMC5225996 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Second harmonic generation signals (SHG) are emitted preferentially from collagenous tissue structures and have been used to evaluate photochemically-induced (CXL) crosslinking changes in the cornea. Since therapeutic tissue crosslinking (TXL) using sodium hydroxymethylglycinate (SMG) of the sclera is a potential treatment for high myopia, we explored the use of SHG microscopy to evaluate the effects. Methods Single sub-Tenon's (sT) injections (400 μL) using SMG (40-400 mM) were made at the equatorial 12 o'clock position of the right eye of cadaveric rabbit heads (n = 16 pairs). After 3.5 hours, confocal microscopy (CM) was performed using 860 nm two-photon excitation and 400 to 450 nm emission. Pixel density and fiber bundle "waviness" analyses were performed on the images. Crosslinking effects were confirmed using thermal denaturation (Tm) temperature. Comparison experiments with riboflavin photochemical crosslinking were done. Results Therapeutic tissue crosslinking localization studies indicated that crosslinking changes occurred at the site of injection and in adjacent sectors. Second harmonic generation signals revealed large fibrous collagenous bundled structures that displayed various degrees of waviness. Histogram analysis showed a nearly 6-fold signal increase in 400 mM SMG over 40 mM. This corresponded to a ΔTm = 13°C for 400 mM versus ΔTm = 4°C for 40 mM. Waviness analysis indicated increased fiber straightening as a result of SMG CXL. Conclusions Second harmonic generation signal intensity and fiber bundle waviness is altered by scleral tissue crosslinking using SMG. These changes provide insights into the macromolecular changes that are induced by therapeutic crosslinking technology and may provide a method to evaluate connective tissue protein changes induced by scleral crosslinking therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Zyablitskaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Anna Takaoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Emilia L Munteanu
- Confocal and Specialized Microscopy Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Takayuki Nagasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - Stephen L Trokel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
| | - David C Paik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, United States
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Balthazar da Silveira CP, Lima TB, Crivelaro RM, de Lacerda LCC, Pádua IRM, Renzo R, de Barros Sobrinho AAF, Oliveira FS, Aldrovani M, Laus JL. Ophthalmic parameters in adult lowland paca (Cuniculus paca) raised in captivity. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:42-47. [PMID: 28480600 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the ophthalmic parameters of lowland pacas, including the anatomic features, tear production, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, and morphology of the corneal endothelium. ANIMALS STUDIED Thirteen adult, anesthetized Cuniculus paca. PROCEDURE Eyes were evaluated using slit-lamp biomicroscopy, the Schirmer tear test I, digital applanation tonometry, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, and noncontact specular microscopy. RESULTS The biomicroscopy findings showed blue/brown pigmented bulbar conjunctivae, well-developed cilia (only in the upper eyelid margin), superior and inferior lacrimal puncta, brown irides, round pupils, and vestiges of the nictitating membrane. The results of the Schirmer tear test I revealed (mean ± SD) a lacrimation rate of 4.10 ± 0.44 mm/min. The intraocular pressure was 6.34 ± 0.43 mmHg. Central corneal thickness measured by specular microscopy was 0.35 ± 0.01 mm. The mean values of density, hexagonality, and the area of the endothelial cells were 2083.15 ± 42.47 cells/mm2 , 67.07 ± 3.30%, and 486.30 ± 9.56 μm2 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS The ocular parameters defined in this study may be used for reference in future studies and might also contribute to therapeutic approaches appropriate to this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila P Balthazar da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago B Lima
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta M Crivelaro
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana C C de Lacerda
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan R M Pádua
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberta Renzo
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A F de Barros Sobrinho
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Aldrovani
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - José L Laus
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, College of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Snyder KC, Lewin AC, Mans C, McLellan GJ. Tonometer validation and intraocular pressure reference values in the normal chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:4-9. [PMID: 28303681 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine accuracy and precision of three commonly used tonometers (TonoVet® and TonoLab® (ICare Oy, Finland)-rebound tonometers, and Tono-Pen VET™ (Reichert, NY)-applanation tonometer) in normal chinchillas, and to establish a normal intraocular pressure (IOP) reference range in this species. METHODS The anterior chambers of three chinchilla eyes were cannulated ex vivo and readings obtained at manometric IOPs from 5 to 80 mmHg, using each of the three tonometers in random order. Data were analyzed by linear regression, ANOVA, and Bland-Altman plots. Tonometry was performed in both eyes of 60 chinchillas (age 8 weeks-16.2 years) using the TonoVet® and relationship between age and IOP analyzed using linear regression. For all statistical tests, P < 0.05 was significant. RESULTS Intraocular pressure values obtained using the Tono-Pen VET™ and TonoVet® (in dog calibration mode;'d') showed strong linear correlation with manometry within the physiologic and clinically relevant range of IOP (0-50 mmHg). The TonoVet® 'd' setting displayed significantly greater precision over the full range of IOP evaluated than the Tono-Pen VET™, and both TonoVet and Tono-Pen VET™ were significantly more accurate than the TonoLab® tonometer. Mean ± SD IOP (TonoVet® 'd') in chinchillas was 9.7 ± 2.5 mmHg, and the 95% reference interval was 4.7-14.7 mmHg. CONCLUSIONS Both the Tono-Pen VET™ and TonoVet® provided clinically acceptable estimates of IOP in chinchillas. The TonoVet® provides accurate and precise IOP values, while Tono-Pen VET™ derived measurements showed greater variability. Values obtained either with the TonoLab® or TonoVet® used in the 'unspecified' calibration setting were inaccurate in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C Snyder
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Andrew C Lewin
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Christoph Mans
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Gillian J McLellan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.,McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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Construction of tissue-engineered full-thickness cornea substitute using limbal epithelial cell-like and corneal endothelial cell-like cells derived from human embryonic stem cells. Biomaterials 2017; 124:180-194. [PMID: 28199886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to construct a full-thickness artificial cornea substitute in vitro by coculturing limbal epithelial cell-like (LEC-like) cells and corneal endothelial cell-like (CEC-like) cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) on APCM scaffold. A 400 μm thickness, 11 mm diameter APCM lamella containing Bowman's membrane was prepared as the scaffold using trephine and a special apparatus made by ourselves. LEC-like cells and CEC-like cells, derived from hESCs as our previously described, were cocultured on the scaffold using a special insert of 24-well plates that enabled seeding both sides of the scaffold. Three or four layers of epithelium-like cells and a uniform monolayer of CEC-like cells could be observed by H&E staining. The thickness, endothelial cell density, and mechanical properties of the construct were similar to that of native rabbit corneas. Immunofluorescence analysis showed expression of ABCG2 and CK3 in the epithelium-like cell layers and expression of N-cadherin, ZO-1 and Na+/K + ATPase in the CEC-like cells. The corneal substitutes were well integrated within the host corneas, and the transparency increased gradually in 8-week follow-up after transplantation in the rabbits. These results suggest that the strategy we developed is feasible and effective for construction of tissue-engineered full-thickness cornea substitute with critical properties of native cornea.
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Singh M, Han Z, Nair A, Schill A, Twa MD, Larin KV. Applanation optical coherence elastography: noncontact measurement of intraocular pressure, corneal biomechanical properties, and corneal geometry with a single instrument. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:20502. [PMID: 28241272 PMCID: PMC5316890 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.2.020502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Current clinical tools provide critical information about ocular health such as intraocular pressure (IOP). However, they lack the ability to quantify tissue material properties, which are potent markers for ocular tissue health and integrity. We describe a single instrument to measure the eye-globe IOP, quantify corneal biomechanical properties, and measure corneal geometry with a technique termed applanation optical coherence elastography (Appl-OCE). An ultrafast OCT system enabled visualization of corneal dynamics during noncontact applanation tonometry and direct measurement of micro air-pulse induced elastic wave propagation. Our preliminary results show that the proposed Appl-OCE system can be used to quantify IOP, corneal biomechanical properties, and corneal geometry, which builds a solid foundation for a unique device that can provide a more complete picture of ocular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmohan Singh
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Zhaolong Han
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Achuth Nair
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Alexander Schill
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Michael D. Twa
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Optometry, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Houston, Texas, United States
- Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk, Russia
- Baylor College of Medicine, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, United States
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Evaluation of stability and biocompatibility of PHEMA-PMMA keratoprosthesis by penetrating keratoplasty in rabbits. Lab Anim Res 2016; 32:181-186. [PMID: 28053610 PMCID: PMC5206223 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2016.32.4.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial corneas have been developed as an alternative to natural donor tissue to replace damaged or diseased corneas. This study was conducted to evaluate the stability and biocompatibility of PHEMA-PMMA [poly (2-hydroxyl methacrylate)-poly (methyl methacrylate)] keratoprostheses in rabbits following penetrating keratoplasty. Sixteen male New Zealand White rabbits aged 16 weeks were divided into three groups. Group I and group II contained six rabbits each, while the control group had four rabbits. Experimental surgery was conducted under general anesthesia. The cornea was penetrated using an 8 mm diameter biopsy punch. In group I (core 5 mm & skirt 3 mm) and group II (core 6 mm & skirt 2 mm), the keratoprosthesis was placed into the recipient full thickness bed and sutured into position with double-layer continuous. In the control group, corneal transplantation using normal allogenic corneal tissue was performed with the same suture method. After four and eight weeks, keratoprosthesis devices were evaluated by histopathological analysis of gross lesions. Post-operative complications were observed, such as extrusion and infection in experimental groups. Most corneas were maintained in the defect site by double-layer continuous suture materials for 4 weeks and kept good light transmission. However, most artificial cornea were extruded before 8 weeks. Overall, combined PHEMA and PMMA appears to have sufficient advantages for production of artificial corneas because of its optical transparency, flexibility and other mechanical features. However, the stability and biocompatibility were not sufficient to enable application in humans and animals at the present time using penetrating keratoplasty. Further studies are essential to improve the stability and biocompatibility with or without other types of keratoplasty.
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Ma D, Chen CB, Liang J, Lu Z, Chen H, Zhang M. Repeatability, reproducibility and agreement of intraocular pressure measurement in rabbits by the TonoVet and Tono-Pen. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35187. [PMID: 27731381 PMCID: PMC5059703 DOI: 10.1038/srep35187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tono-Pen and TonoVet have been used in rabbits to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) and investigate the effect of IOP lowering therapies. Therefore, their reliability and accuracy are very important and deserve careful evaluation. Our results showed that the with-subject deviation (Sw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the TonoVet and Tono-Pen were 0.61 mmHg/0.83 mmHg and 0.97/0.94, respectively for intrasession repeatability. For intersession reproducibility, the Sw and ICC of TonoVet and Tono-Pen were 1.42 mmHg/1.66 mmHg and 0.73/0.67, respectively. For interoperator reproducibility, the Sw and ICC of the TonoVet and Tono-Pen were 0.72 mmHg/1.11 mmHg and 0.91/0.82 respectively. Both TonoVet and Tono-Pen underestimated the IOP measured by manometry. The regression function was: y = 0.8249x + 0.1011 and y =0.6881x + 2.2290 for TonoVet and Tono-Pen, respectively. Our study suggests that both TonoVet and Tono-Pen had excellent intrasession repeatability and inter-operator reproducibility, but good intersession reproducibility. Both TonoVet and Tono-Pen correlated well with manometry, but underestimated the manometric IOP with presence of fixed and proportional biases. These factors should be considered when measuring IOP with Tono-Pen or TonoVet in rabbit eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Chong-Bo Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jiajian Liang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center, Shantou University & the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
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Dubicanac M, Joly M, Strüve J, Nolte I, Mestre-Francés N, Verdier JM, Zimmermann E. Intraocular pressure in the smallest primate aging model: the gray mouse lemur. Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 21:319-327. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Dubicanac
- Institute of Zoology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 17 Hannover 30559 Germany
| | - Marine Joly
- Institute of Zoology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 17 Hannover 30559 Germany
| | - Julia Strüve
- Small Animal Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 4 Hannover 30559 Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 4 Hannover 30559 Germany
| | - Nadine Mestre-Francés
- Université Montpellier 2; Montpellier France
- Inserm U1198; Montpellier France
- EPHE; Paris France
| | - Jean-Michel Verdier
- Université Montpellier 2; Montpellier France
- Inserm U1198; Montpellier France
- EPHE; Paris France
| | - Elke Zimmermann
- Institute of Zoology; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Bünteweg 17 Hannover 30559 Germany
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Dai Z, Yu X, Hong J, Liu X, Sun J, Sun X. Development of a novel CsA-PLGA drug delivery system based on a glaucoma drainage device for the prevention of postoperative fibrosis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 66:206-214. [PMID: 27207056 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The formation of a scar after glaucoma surgery often leads to unsuccessful control of intraocular pressure, and should be prevented by using a variety of methods. We designed and developed a novel drug delivery system (DDS) comprising cyclosporine A (CsA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based on a glaucoma drainage device (GDD) that can continuously release CsA to prevent postoperative fibrosis following glaucoma surgery. The CsA@PLGA@GDD DDS was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and revealed an asymmetric pore structure. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to measure the weight loss and evaluate the thermal stability of the CsA@PLGA@GDD DDS. The in vitro drug release profile of the DDS was studied using high performance liquid chromatography, which confirmed that the DDS released CsA at a stable rate and maintained adequate CsA concentrations for a relatively long time. The biocompatibility of the DDS and the inhibitory effects on the postoperative fibrosis were investigated in vitro using rabbit Tenon's fibroblasts. The in vivo safety and efficacy of the DDS were examined by implanting the DDS into Tenon's capsules in New Zealand rabbits. Bleb morphology, intraocular pressure, anterior chamber reactions, and anterior chamber angiography were studied at a series of set times. The DDS kept the filtration pathway unblocked for a longer time compared with the control GDD. The results indicate that the CsA@PLGA@GDD DDS represents a safe and effective strategy for preventing scar formation after glaucoma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxing Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiaxu Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Silva RMMD, Dórea Neto FDA, Barbosa VF, Nunes N, Martins Filho EF, Oria AP. PRESSÃO INTRAOCULAR, PRESSÃO ARTERIAL MÉDIA E DIÂMETRO PUPILAR EM COELHOS ( (Oryctolagus cuniculus) ) SUBMETIDOS AO BLOQUEIO RETROBULBAR COM DIFERENTES PROTOCOLOS ANESTÉSICOS. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v16i428316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar novos protocolos de anestesia loco regional para procedimentos oftálmicos que proporcionem segurança e manutenção das funções vitais, além de manter a pressão intraocular estável, com centralização do bulbo do olho e acinesia palpebral. Foram utilizados 20 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia para a realização de quatro protocolos de anestesia local através do bloqueio retrobulbar com lidocaína 2% com vasoconstritor, lidocaína 2% sem vasoconstritor associada ao tramadol, ropivacaína 1% e bupivacaína 0,5%, cada animal recebeu o volume anestésico de 1,0 mL. Todos os protocolos anestésicos utilizados promoveram acinesia palpebral e centralização do bulbo do olho durante todo o período de avaliação. A realização do bloqueio retrobulbar com os protocolos anestésicos demonstrou ser factível e segura quanto à manutenção da pressão intraocular, pressão arterial invasiva e diâmetro pupilar e pode ser utilizada para realização de cirurgias intraoculares. Os anestésicos proporcionaram bom bloqueio retrobulbar, entretanto a bupivacaína foi o anestésico que ocasionou o maior diâmetro pupilar comparativamente aos demais fármacos testados.
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Marzok MA, El-khodery SA. Intraocular pressure in clinically normal dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Am J Vet Res 2015; 76:149-54. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kim YC, Edelhauser HF, Prausnitz MR. Targeted delivery of antiglaucoma drugs to the supraciliary space using microneedles. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:7387-97. [PMID: 25212782 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this work, we tested the hypothesis that highly targeted delivery of antiglaucoma drugs to the supraciliary space by using a hollow microneedle allows dramatic dose sparing of the drug compared to topical eye drops. The supraciliary space is the most anterior portion of the suprachoroidal space, located below the sclera and above the choroid and ciliary body. METHODS A single, hollow 33-gauge microneedle, 700 to 800 μm in length, was inserted into the sclera and used to infuse antiglaucoma drugs into the supraciliary space of New Zealand white rabbits (N = 3-6 per group). Sulprostone, a prostaglandin analog, and brimonidine, an α₂-adrenergic agonist, were delivered via supraciliary and topical administration at various doses. The drugs were delivered unilaterally, and intraocular pressure (IOP) of both eyes was measured by rebound tonometry for 9 hours after injection to assess the pharmacodynamic responses. To assess safety of the supraciliary injection, IOP change immediately after intravitreal and supraciliary injection were compared. RESULTS Supraciliary delivery of both sulprostone and brimonidine reduced IOP by as much as 3 mm Hg bilaterally in a dose-related response; comparison with topical administration at the conventional human dose showed approximately 100-fold dose sparing by supraciliary injection for both drugs. A safety study showed that the kinetics of IOP elevation immediately after supraciliary and intravitreal injection of placebo formulations were similar. CONCLUSIONS This study introduced the use of targeted drug delivery to the supraciliary space by using a microneedle and demonstrated dramatic dose sparing of antiglaucoma therapeutic agents compared to topical eye drops. Targeted delivery in this way can increase safety by reducing side effects and could allow a single injection to contain enough drug for long-term sustained delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo C Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Henry F Edelhauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Yang W, Yuan Y, Zong Y, Huang Z, Mai S, Li Y, Qian X, Liu Y, Gao Q. Preliminary study on retinal vascular and oxygen-related changes after long-term silicone oil and foldable capsular vitreous body tamponade. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5272. [PMID: 24920425 PMCID: PMC4053724 DOI: 10.1038/srep05272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicone oil has been the only long-term vitreous substitute used in the treatment of retinal detachment since 1962 by Cibis. Nevertheless, its effects on retinal vascular morphology and oxygen supply to the retina are ambiguous in current research. We previously invented a foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) to use as a new vitreous substitute in the treatment of severe retinal detachment, but its effects on the retinal vessel were unknown. Therefore, in this study, a standard three-port pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was performed on the right eye of each rabbit and then silicone oil and FCVB were injected into the vitreous cavity as vitreous substitutes. After 180 days of retention, the retinal vascular morphology did not display any distinct abnormalities, and hypoxia-induced factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) did not vary markedly during the observation period in silicone oil tamponade- and FCVB-implanted eyes. This study may suggest that silicone oil and FCVB tamponade in rabbit eyes did not cause retinal vascular pathologic changes or retinal hypoxia for 180 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yongguang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yao Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shuyi Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yujie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaobing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yaqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qianying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Tofflemire KL, Whitley EM, Gould SA, Dewell RD, Allbaugh RA, Ben-Shlomo G, O'Connor AM, David Whitley R. Schirmer tear test I and rebound tonometry findings in healthy calves. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 18:147-51. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L. Tofflemire
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Whitley
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Stacie A. Gould
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Renee D. Dewell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Rachel A. Allbaugh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Gil Ben-Shlomo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - Annette M. O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
| | - R. David Whitley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Iowa State University; Ames IA 50011 USA
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Zhang H, Yang D, Ross CM, Wigg JP, Pandav S, Crowston JG. Validation of rebound tonometry for intraocular pressure measurement in the rabbit. Exp Eye Res 2014; 121:86-93. [PMID: 24561115 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rabbits play a growing role in research into glaucoma surgical models and ocular drug delivery models. However, the lack of an accurate method for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in this animal has been a significant deficit. In this study we validated the use of the TonoVet rebound tonometer and provide conversion tables for its use in rabbits. Experiments were performed on 18 adult New Zealand White rabbits. The TonoVet measurements were obtained and compared to manometric readings by anterior chamber (AC) cannulation. The TonoVet position and 'd' (dog or cat) and 'p' (other species) modes were compared. The sensitivity of the TonoVet tonometer in assessing IOP changes was also tested. There was a strong linear correlation for both the 'd' mode (mean slope = 0.84 ± 0.03, r(2) = 0.99 ± 0.03) and the 'p' mode (mean slope = 0.64 ± 0.02, r2 = 0.97 ± 0.01) of the TonoVet with manometric IOP. However, the TonoVet had a tendency to underestimate IOP compared to manometry and conversion formulae were possible to calculate for both modes. The orientation of the TonoVet handle had no effect on IOP reading, as long as the groove was horizontal. No significant differences were observed when comparing right and left eyes (P > 0.05). IOP recovered four days after cannulation. Younger rabbits had lower IOP compared with older rabbits (P < 0.01). Timolol produced a 2.5 mmHg reduction in IOP 2 h later as detected by the TonoVet. Using the conversion table presented, the TonoVet is a reliable and precise tool for the measurement of IOP in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Eye Hospital, Harbin Medical University, No. 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150001, China.
| | - Dong Yang
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Craig M Ross
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Wigg
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Surinder Pandav
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Sector 24-A, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Jonathan G Crowston
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, 32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
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Kato K. Comparison of two handheld applanation tonometers and the association of central corneal thickness, age, and intraocular pressure in normal and diseased canine eyes. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 17:417-25. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Kato
- Department of Ophthalmology; Kumi Animal Hospital; Saitama-ken Japan
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Rodarte-Almeida AC, Machado M, Baldotto SB, Santos LLD, Lima L, Lange RR, Froes TR, Montiani-Ferreira F. O olho da coruja-orelhuda: observações morfológicas, biométricas e valores de referência para testes de diagnóstico oftálmico. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013001000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objetivou-se relatar características morfológicas do bulbo ocular e determinar valores de referência para testes oftálmicos selecionados em corujas-orelhudas (Asio clamator). Foram estudados 32 olhos de 16 corujas (Asio clamator), adultas e jovens, machos e fêmeas, de vida livre. Sendo compilados dados referentes a observações morfológicas do crânio, bulbo ocular e anexos, além de mensuração de testes oftálmicos, incluindo, Teste Lacrimal de Schirmer (TLS), cultura da microbiota normal da conjuntiva, estesiometria, pressão intraocular (PIO), espessura de córnea central (ECC), diâmetro horizontal da rima palpebral, diâmetro horizontal da córnea e oftalmoscopia indireta. Vinte e dois tipos de bactérias foram identificados em 12 corujas havendo predominância de microrganismos Gram-positivos. A média encontrada para o TLS foi de 5,03±3,28mm/min, para o diâmetro horizontal da rima palpebral em 16 corujas foi 21,24±1,17mm, e 15,7±2,74mm para o diâmetro horizontal da córnea. O valor médio para o teste de estesiometria foi de 0,80±0,59cm, a PIO média de 13,81±5,62mmHg e ECC média de 0,28±0,03cm. O estudo contribuiu para a caracterização da morfologia ocular e para o estabelecimento de valores de referências de testes diagnósticos oftálmicos em corujas-orelhudas, sendo necessário ainda o desenvolvimento de estudos complementares sobre histologia ocular desta espécie.
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Gilger BC. The Ophthalmic Examination as It Pertains to General Ocular Toxicology: Basic and Advanced Techniques and Species-Associated Findings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [PMCID: PMC7122657 DOI: 10.1007/7653_2013_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Ocular toxicology pertains to toxicologic effects of drugs administered topically, intraocularly, or systemically. It should also include evaluation of adverse effects of ophthalmic devices such as contact lenses, intraocular lenses, and glaucoma implants. The ophthalmic examination is able to provide detailed in-life information and is used in combination with clinical observations, clinical pathology, and histopathology to assess potential toxicologic effects. The ophthalmologist must be familiar with the wide range of species used in the field of toxicology, be familiar with the anatomic variations associated with these species, be able to determine what is an inherited or a breed-related finding from a study-related effect, be competent with the required ophthalmic equipment, and be capable of examining this wide range of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Gilger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina USA
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Labelle AL, Steele KA, Breaux CB, Mitchell MA. Tonometry and Corneal Aesthesiometry in the Red-Eared Slider Turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5818/1529-9651-22.1-2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amber L. Labelle
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Kirsten A. Steele
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Carrie B. Breaux
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Mark A. Mitchell
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Selleri P, Di Girolamo N, Andreani V, Guandalini A, D'Anna N. Evaluation of intraocular pressure in conscious Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni) by means of rebound tonometry. Am J Vet Res 2013; 73:1807-12. [PMID: 23106468 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.11.1807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni). ANIMALS 26 outdoor-housed Hermann's tortoises (13 males and 13 females); body weight ranged from 255 to 2,310 g, and age ranged from 4 to > 50 years. PROCEDURES After a preliminary ophthalmic evaluation was performed, IOP was measured by means of a rebound tonometer in both eyes of each tortoise. Three measurements were obtained for each eye; successive measurements were obtained from alternate eyes. Each measurement was based on the mean of 6 values automatically provided by the rebound tonometer. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate correlations between variables and to identify sex- or size-related IOP variations, and changes in IOP over multiple measurements. RESULTS Mean ± SEM IOP of the 52 eyes was 15.74 ± 0.20 mm Hg (range, 9 to 22 mm Hg). Results for t tests did not reveal significant differences in IOP between the right and left eyes or between males and females. A significant moderate negative correlation (r = -0.41; r(2) = 0.169) between IOP and body weight was detected. Results of repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant increase in IOP over multiple measurements. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Rebound tonometry was a practical and rapid means of determining IOP in small- to medium-sized tortoises that required minimal manual restraint of the animals. Establishing IOP values in healthy Hermann's tortoises will provide a reference frame for use during complete ophthalmic examinations, thus allowing clinicians to diagnose a broader spectrum of ocular pathological conditions in tortoises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Selleri
- Clinica per Animali Esotici, Centro Veterinario Specialistico, Via Sandro Giovannini 53,00137 Rome, Italy
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Di Girolamo N, Andreani V, Guandalini A, Selleri P. Evaluation of intraocular pressure in conscious ferrets (Mustela putorius furo
) by means of rebound tonometry and comparison with applanation tonometry. Vet Rec 2013; 172:396. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Di Girolamo
- Clinica per Animali Esotici; Centro Veterinario Specialistico (CVS) Rome Italy
| | - V. Andreani
- Department of Ophthalmology; Centro Veterinario Specialistico (CVS); Via Sandro Giovannini 53 Rome 00137 Italy
| | - A. Guandalini
- Department of Ophthalmology; Centro Veterinario Specialistico (CVS); Via Sandro Giovannini 53 Rome 00137 Italy
| | - P. Selleri
- Clinica per Animali Esotici; Centro Veterinario Specialistico (CVS) Rome Italy
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Slack JM, Stiles J, Moore GE. Comparison of a rebound tonometer with an applanation tonometer in dogs with glaucoma. Vet Rec 2012; 171:373. [PMID: 22915681 DOI: 10.1136/vr.100967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Slack
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine; West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - J. Stiles
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine; West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - G. E. Moore
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology; Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine; West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
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Advances in tonometry in companion animals. Vet Rec 2012; 171:370-1. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.e6823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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