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Gopcevic KR, Gkaliagkousi E, Nemcsik J, Acet Ö, Bernal-Lopez MR, Bruno RM, Climie RE, Fountoulakis N, Fraenkel E, Lazaridis A, Navickas P, Rochfort KD, Šatrauskienė A, Zupkauskienė J, Terentes-Printzios D. Pathophysiology of Circulating Biomarkers and Relationship With Vascular Aging: A Review of the Literature From VascAgeNet Group on Circulating Biomarkers, European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action 18216. Front Physiol 2021; 12:789690. [PMID: 34970157 PMCID: PMC8712891 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.789690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of the arteries is a product of sustained exposure to various deleterious factors and progresses with time; a phenomenon inherent to vascular aging. Oxidative stress, inflammation, the accumulation of harmful agents in high cardiovascular risk conditions, changes to the extracellular matrix, and/or alterations of the epigenetic modification of molecules, are all vital pathophysiological processes proven to contribute to vascular aging, and also lead to changes in levels of associated circulating molecules. Many of these molecules are consequently recognized as markers of vascular impairment and accelerated vascular aging in clinical and research settings, however, for these molecules to be classified as biomarkers of vascular aging, further criteria must be met. In this paper, we conducted a scoping literature review identifying thirty of the most important, and eight less important, biomarkers of vascular aging. Herein, we overview a selection of the most important molecules connected with the above-mentioned pathological conditions and study their usefulness as circulating biomarkers of vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina R. Gopcevic
- Laboratory for Analytics of Biomolecules, Department of Chemistry in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - János Nemcsik
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Health Service of ZUGLO, Department of Family Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ömür Acet
- Vocational School of Health Science, Pharmacy Services Program, Tarsus University, Tarsus, Turkey
| | - M. Rosa Bernal-Lopez
- Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Instituto de Investigacion Biomedica de Malaga, University of Malaga, CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Bruno
- Unversite de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Rachel E. Climie
- Unversite de Paris, INSERM, U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- Sports Cardiology Lab, Clinical Research Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nikolaos Fountoulakis
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London - Waterloo Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emil Fraenkel
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petras Navickas
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Keith D. Rochfort
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Agnė Šatrauskienė
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Centre of Cardiology and Angiology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jūratė Zupkauskienė
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dimitrios Terentes-Printzios
- First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Liu CJ, Huang HL, Cheng MH, Lu PL, Shu CC, Wang JY, Chong IW. Outcome of patients with and poor prognostic factors for Mycobacterium kansasii-pulmonary disease. Respir Med 2019; 151:19-26. [PMID: 31047113 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive therapy for Mycobacterium kansasii-pulmonary disease (MK-PD) is recommended because of the virulence of MK. However, some clinicians may be concerned regarding the lengthy course and numerous adverse effects. This study evaluated the natural course of MK-PD and investigated its prognostic factors. METHODS Radiographic outcome, prognostic factors, and mortality within 1 year for MK-PD were obtained from patients in 6 hospitals in Taiwan from 2010 to 2014 (derivation cohort) and validated using patients in 2015 and 2016 (validation cohort). RESULTS Of the 109 patients with MK-PD in the derivation cohort, radiographic progression occurred in 70 (64%), with a 1-year mortality rate of 43% and median survival of 71 days, whereas none of the 39 cases without radiographic progression died. All patients with acid-fast smear (AFS) grade ≥ 3 experienced radiographic progression. For the others, the independent risk factors of radiographic progression were fibroCavitary pattern, Leucocyte count >9000/μL, Old age (age >65 years), pUre MK in sputum (no other mycobacteria), and no Diabetes mellitus (the CLOUD factors). By applying these criteria to the validation cohort (n = 112), 3 (9%) of the 33 patients with MK-PD who initially had AFS grade < 3 and < 3 CLOUD risk factors experienced radiographic progression, and none of the 3 died of MK-PD. CONCLUSIONS Because of the high risk of radiographic progression and subsequent fatal outcome, immediate anti-MK treatment is recommended. For patients with MK-PD who have sputum AFS grade <3 and < 3 CLOUD risk factors, regular follow-up may be an alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ling Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Liang Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Shu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jann-Yuan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Departments of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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3
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Du R, Zhang RY, Lu L, Shen Y, Pu LJ, Zhu ZB, Zhang Q, Hu J, Yang ZK, Ding FH, Zhang JS, Shen WF. Increased glycated albumin and decreased esRAGE levels in serum are related to negative coronary artery remodeling in patients with type 2 diabetes: an Intravascular ultrasound study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:149. [PMID: 30482197 PMCID: PMC6258438 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative coronary artery remodeling is frequent in patients with diabetes, but its mechanism remains unclear. We here evaluated the association of serum levels of glycated albumin (GA) and endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) with coronary artery remodeling in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Serum levels of GA and esRAGE were measured and intravascular ultrasound was performed in 136 consecutive diabetic patients with 143 coronary intermediate lesions. The remodeling index (RI) was calculated as the ratio between external elastic membrane (EEM) area at the lesion site and EEM area at the reference segment. Negative remodeling (NR) was defined as an RI < 0.95 and intermediate or positive remodeling as an RI ≥ 0.95. RESULTS Mean plaque burden at the lesion site was 70.96 ± 9.98%, and RI was 0.96 ± 0.18. Negative coronary arterial remodeling existed in 81 (56.6%) lesions. RI correlated closely with serum esRAGE level (r = 0.236, P = 0.005) and was inversely related to serum GA level (r = - 0.240, P = 0.004) and plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (r = - 0.206, P = 0.014) and total cholesterol levels (r = - 0.183, P = 0.028). Generalized estimating equations logistic regression analysis identified esRAGE (OR 0.037; 95% CI 0.012-0.564, P = 0.021), GA (OR 1.093; 95% CI 1.013-1.179, P = 0.018) and LDL-C (OR 1.479; 95% CI 1.072-2.835, P = 0.023) as independent predictors for negative remodeling. CONCLUSIONS In diabetic patients, negative coronary artery remodeling is associated with increased GA and decreased esRAGE levels in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Du
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jin Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Bin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Kun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hua Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Sheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Feng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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Abreu BJ, de Brito Vieira WH. Metalloproteinase Changes in Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 920:185-90. [PMID: 27535260 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-33943-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute a group of over 20 structurally-related proteins which include a Zn(++) ion binding site that is essential for their proteolytic activities. These enzymes play important role in extracellular matrix turnover in order to maintain a proper balance in its synthesis and degradation. MMPs are associated to several physiological and pathophysiological processes, including diabetes mellitus (DM). The mechanisms of DM and its complications is subject of intense research and evidence suggests that MMPs are implicated with the development and progression of diabetic microvascular complications such as nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Recent data has associated DM to changes in the tendon structure, including abnormalities in fiber structure and organization, increased tendon thickness, volume and disorganization obtained by image and a tendency of impairing biomechanical properties. Although not fully elucidated, it is believed that DM-induced MMP dysregulation may contribute to structural and biomechanical alterations and impaired process of tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bento João Abreu
- Department of Morphology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
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Xi G, Wang X, Chen T. A reduced graphene oxide-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer sensor for highly sensitive detection of matrix metalloproteinase 2. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1537-47. [PMID: 27143876 PMCID: PMC4841432 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s102517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel fluorescence nanoprobe (reduced nano-graphene oxide [nrGO]/fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled peptide [Pep-FITC]) for ultrasensitive detection of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) has been developed by engineering the Pep-FITC comprising the specific MMP2 substrate domain (PLGVR) onto the surface of nrGO particles through non-covalent linkage. The nrGO was obtained by water bathing nano-graphene oxide under 90°C for 4 hours. After mixing the nrGO and Pep-FITC for 30 seconds, the fluorescence from Pep-FITC was almost completely quenched due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and nrGO. Upon cleavage of the amide bond between Leu and Gly in the Pep-FITC by protease-MMP2, the FITC bound to nrGO was separated from nrGO surface, disrupting the fluorescence resonance energy transfer process and resulting in fluorescence recovery of FITC. Under optimal conditions, the fluorescence recovery of nrGO/Pep-FITC was found to be directly proportional to the concentration of MMP2 within 0.02–0.1 nM. The detection limit of the nrGO/Pep-FITC was determined to be 3 pM, which is approximately tenfold lower than that of the unreduced carboxylated nano-graphene oxide/Pep-FITC probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaina Xi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongsheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
It is believed that cardiac remodeling due to geometric and structural changes is a major mechanism for the progression of heart failure in different pathologies including hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction. Increases in the activities of proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, calpains, cathepsins, and caspases contribute to the process of cardiac remodeling. In addition to modifying the extracellular matrix, both matrix metalloproteinases and cathepsins have been shown to affect the activities of subcellular organelles in cardiomyocytes. The activation of calpains and caspases has been identified to induce subcellular remodeling in failing hearts. Proteolytic activities associated with different proteins including caspases, calpain, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system have been shown to be involved in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which is an integral part of cardiac remodeling. This article discusses and compares how the activities of various proteases are involved in different cardiac abnormalities with respect to alterations in apoptotic pathways, cardiac remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction. An imbalance appears to occur between the activities of some proteases and their endogenous inhibitors in various types of hypertrophied and failing hearts, and this is likely to further accentuate subcellular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. The importance of inhibiting the activities of both extracellular and intracellular proteases specific to distinct etiologies, in attenuating cardiac remodeling and apoptosis as well as biochemical changes of subcellular organelles, in heart failure has been emphasized. It is suggested that combination therapy to inhibit different proteases may prove useful for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Müller
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Chow JP, Simionescu DT, Warner H, Wang B, Patnaik SS, Liao J, Simionescu A. Mitigation of diabetes-related complications in implanted collagen and elastin scaffolds using matrix-binding polyphenol. Biomaterials 2012; 34:685-95. [PMID: 23103157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is a major need for scaffold-based tissue engineered vascular grafts and heart valves with long-term patency and durability to be used in diabetic cardiovascular patients. We hypothesized that diabetes, by virtue of glycoxidation reactions, can directly crosslink implanted scaffolds, drastically altering their properties. In order to investigate the fate of tissue engineered scaffolds in diabetic conditions, we prepared valvular collagen scaffolds and arterial elastin scaffolds by decellularization and implanted them subdermally in diabetic rats. Both types of scaffolds exhibited significant levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), chemical crosslinking and stiffening -alterations which are not favorable for cardiovascular tissue engineering. Pre-implantation treatment of collagen and elastin scaffolds with penta-galloyl glucose (PGG), an antioxidant and matrix-binding polyphenol, chemically stabilized the scaffolds, reduced their enzymatic degradation, and protected them from diabetes-related complications by reduction of scaffold-bound AGE levels. PGG-treated scaffolds resisted diabetes-induced crosslinking and stiffening, were protected from calcification, and exhibited controlled remodeling in vivo, thereby supporting future use of diabetes-resistant scaffolds for cardiovascular tissue engineering in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Chow
- Biocompatibility and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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8
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Effects of Diabetes on Matrix Protein Expression and Response to Cyclic Strain by Cardiac Fibroblasts. Cell Mol Bioeng 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-012-0222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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9
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Lo L, McLennan SV, Williams PF, Bonner J, Chowdhury S, McCaughan GW, Gorrell MD, Yue DK, Twigg SM. Diabetes is a progression factor for hepatic fibrosis in a high fat fed mouse obesity model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2011; 55:435-44. [PMID: 21184785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS While type 2 diabetes is an independent risk factor for worsening of human non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in clinical studies, it has not been systematically reported in any model whether diabetes exacerbates NASH. The study aim was to determine if diabetes causes NASH progression in a mouse model of diet induced obesity. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD: 45% kcal fat) or standard chow (CHOW: 12% kcal fat) for 20 weeks and some animals (HFD+DM or CHOW+DM) were also rendered diabetic by low dose streptozotocin for the final 5 weeks, to model type 2 diabetes. Serum assays included circulating insulin, triglyceride, ALT and AST, glucose, and ultrasensitive CRP and results of insulin tolerance tests. Intrahepatic lipid, triglyceride, macrophage infiltration, and fibrosis were determined. Fibrosis markers collagen-I, collagen-III, CTGF, TIMP-1, and FAP were assessed by qPCR and CTGF and collagen-I by immunostaining. RESULTS HFD mice were obese, insulin resistant and hyperinsulinaemic, with NASH features of elevated intrahepatic lipid and macrophages, but without fibrosis. In contrast, the HFD+DM mice exhibited fibrosis in addition to these NASH features. By ANOVA, Sirius red staining at perisinusoidal, portal tract and central vein sites, collagen-I, collagen-III, FAP, and TIMP-1 transcripts and collagen-I and CTGF protein were each significantly increased in HFD+DM, compared with CHOW alone. In a further experiment, insulin treatment protected against fibrosis and CRP increases in HFD+DM, showing that diabetes, not streptozotocin, causes the fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS This novel model indicates that diet-induced NASH fibrosis is exacerbated by diabetes and attenuated by insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lo
- Discipline of Medicine and the Bosch Institute, NSW 2006, Australia
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10
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Diabetes impairs arteriogenesis in the peripheral circulation: review of molecular mechanisms. Clin Sci (Lond) 2010; 119:225-38. [PMID: 20545627 DOI: 10.1042/cs20100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from both diabetes and PAD (peripheral arterial disease) are at risk of developing critical limb ischaemia and ulceration, and potentially requiring limb amputation. In addition, diabetes complicates surgical treatment of PAD and impairs arteriogenesis. Arteriogenesis is defined as the remodelling of pre-existing arterioles into conductance vessels to restore the perfusion distal to the occluded artery. Several strategies to promote arteriogenesis in the peripheral circulation have been devised, but the mechanisms through which diabetes impairs arteriogenesis are poorly understood. The present review provides an overview of the current literature on the deteriorating effects of diabetes on the key players in the arteriogenesis process. Diabetes affects arteriogenesis at a number of levels. First, it elevates vasomotor tone and attenuates sensing of shear stress and the response to vasodilatory stimuli, reducing the recruitment and dilatation of collateral arteries. Secondly, diabetes impairs the downstream signalling of monocytes, without decreasing monocyte attraction. In addition, EPC (endothelial progenitor cell) function is attenuated in diabetes. There is ample evidence that growth factor signalling is impaired in diabetic arteriogenesis. Although these defects could be restored in animal experiments, clinical results have been disappointing. Furthermore, the diabetes-induced impairment of eNOS (endothelial NO synthase) strongly affects outward remodelling, as NO signalling plays a key role in several remodelling processes. Finally, in the structural phase of arteriogenesis, diabetes impairs matrix turnover, smooth muscle cell proliferation and fibroblast migration. The review concludes with suggestions for new and more sophisticated therapeutic approaches for the diabetic population.
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Jin C, Lu L, Zhang RY, Zhang Q, Ding FH, Chen QJ, Shen WF. Association of serum glycated albumin, C-reactive protein and ICAM-1 levels with diffuse coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 408:45-9. [PMID: 19615354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the possible association of glycated albumin (GA) and circulatory adhesion molecules with diffuse coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Six hundred and two consecutive patients with CAD, based upon angiographic features and presence or absence of T2DM, were categorized as Group I (296 patients with non-diffuse CAD but no T2DM), Group II (138 patients with diffuse CAD but no T2DM), Group III (78 patients with non-diffuse CAD and T2DM) and Group IV (90 patients with diffuse CAD and T2DM). Serum levels of glycated albumin, adhesion molecules, endogenous secretory receptor of advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) and inflammatory factors were determined. RESULTS Serum levels of GA, hsCRP, sVCAM-1, sICAM-1 and sE-selectin were increased, while esRAGE levels were decreased in diabetic patients than in non-diabetic patients (all P<0.001). These levels (except sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin) differed between Groups III and IV (all P<0.05). Moreover, GA levels correlated with sE-selectin and sICAM-1 concentrations (both P<0.05). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that male, hypertension, GA, hsCRP and sICAM-1 were independently associated with diffuse CAD in diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS This study addresses an association of increased GA, hsCRP and sICAM-1 levels with diffuse CAD in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Medical School of Jiaotong University, People's Republic of China
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12
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Chen QJ, Lu L, Peng WH, Hu J, Yan XX, Wang LJ, Zhang Q, Zhang RY, Shen WF. Polymorphisms of MMP-3 and TIMP-4 genes affect angiographic coronary plaque progression in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 405:97-103. [PMID: 19376102 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined whether genetic variants of matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) were associated with angiographic coronary plaque progression (PP) in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. METHODS Four hundred and ninety-nine patients were grouped, who underwent coronary angiography and received repeat examinations after 1-y follow-up. Twelve functional polymorphisms of MMPs and TIMPs were characterized. RESULTS Genotype distribution and allele frequency of -1612 5A/6A MMP-3 and 3'UTR C/T TIMP-4 differed between patients with PP and those without in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups after Bonferroni's correction (all P<0.0041667, except for allele frequency of MMP-3 [P=0.007] and genotype/allele frequency of TIMP-4 [P=0.04 and P=0.016, respectively] in diabetes). MMP-3 and TIMP-4 polymorphisms were associated with changes in percent diameter stenosis and minimal lumen diameter in diabetic patients, and changes in cumulative coronary obstruction in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients (all P<0.05). Multivariable regression analysis revealed that hypertension, low HDL-C and genotypes of MMP-3 and TIMP-4 were independent determinants of PP in the whole patients, with these 2 genetic factors being associated with PP in diabetic and non-diabetic subgroups. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that MMP-3 and TIMP-4 polymorphisms affect angiographic coronary PP in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
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13
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Plasma metalloproteinase-9 in age-related macular degeneration. Eye (Lond) 2009; 23:494-5; author reply 495. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2008.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Samuel CS, Hewitson TD, Zhang Y, Kelly DJ. Relaxin ameliorates fibrosis in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. Endocrinology 2008; 149:3286-93. [PMID: 18388190 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis (extracellular matrix accumulation) is the final end point in diabetic cardiomyopathy. The current study evaluated the therapeutic effects of the antifibrotic hormone relaxin (RLX) in streptozotocin-treated transgenic mRen-2 rats, which undergo pathological and functional features similar to human diabetes. Twelve-week-old hyperglycemic mRen-2 rats, normoglycemic control rats, and animals treated with recombinant human gene-2 (H2) RLX from wk 10-12 were assessed for various measures of left ventricular (LV) fibrosis, hemodynamics, and function, while the mechanism of RLX's actions was also determined. Hyperglycemic mRen-2 rats had increased LV collagen concentration (fibrosis) and gelatinase activity (all P < 0.05 vs. controls) but equivalent levels of interstitial collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 to that measured in control rats. The increased LV fibrosis associated with diabetic animals led to significant alterations in the E/A wave ratio and E-wave deceleration time (both P < 0.05 vs. controls) in the absence of blood pressure changes, reflective of myocardial stiffness and LV diastolic dysfunction. H2-RLX treatment of diabetic rats led to significant decreases in interstitial and total LV collagen deposition (both P < 0.05 vs. diabetic group), resulting in decreased myocardial stiffness and improved LV diastolic function, without affecting nondiabetic animals. The protective effects of H2-RLX in diabetic rats were associated with a reduction in mesenchymal cell differentiation and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression in addition to a promotion of extracellular matrix-degrading matrix metalloproteinase-13 (all P < 0.05 vs. diabetic group) but were independent of blood pressure regulation. These findings demonstrate that RLX is an antifibrotic with rapid-occurring efficacy and may represent a novel therapy for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrishan S Samuel
- Howard Florey Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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15
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Lu L, Zhang Q, Pu LJ, Peng WH, Yan XX, Wang LJ, Chen QJ, Zhu ZB, Michel JB, Shen WF. Dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors is related to abnormality of left ventricular geometry and function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic minipigs. Int J Exp Pathol 2008; 89:125-37. [PMID: 18336530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in relation to changes in left ventricle (LV) geometry and function in a porcine model with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. In 15 Chinese Guizhou minipigs with STZ-induced diabetes (diabetic group) and 15 age-matched normal controls (control group), Doppler tissue imaging was performed at 6 months of diabetes. Serum MMP-2, -9, TIMP-1, -4 and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were determined. Expression of MMPs, TIMPs, urokinase type-plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in aortic intima and LV myocardium was evaluated, with gelatinolytic activities of tissue MMP-2, -9 accessed by zymography. Left ventricle end-diastolic septum thickness (P < 0.05) and mass (P < 0.05) were increased, whereas peak systolic mitral annulus velocity (Sm, P < 0.001), LV systolic (P = 0.01) and diastolic strain (P < 0.001) were significantly decreased in diabetic group than in controls. Diabetic group showed higher expression of TIMP-1, -4 in aortic intima and LV myocardium (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), with increased collagen content and elevated serum BNP level (P = 0.004) and lower gelatinolytic activities of tissue MMP-2, -9 (all P < 0.05). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR of those diabetic tissues revealed elevated mRNA levels of major TIMPs, uPA, uPAR and PAI-1. Reduction of serum MMP-2 and -9 levels was observed in diabetic group vs. control group (both P < 0.05). This study features elevated levels of TIMP-1, -4, uPA, uPAR and PAI-1, and decreased activities of MMP-2, -9 in aorta and myocardium in STZ-induced diabetic minipigs, indicating that MMP-TIMP dysregulation is associated with LV hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction and increased cardiovascular fibrosis in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Hillegass JM, Murphy KA, Villano CM, White LA. The impact of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling on matrix metabolism: implications for development and disease. Biol Chem 2008; 387:1159-73. [PMID: 16972783 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2006.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was identified as the receptor for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds. However, novel data indicate that the AhR binds a variety of unrelated endogenous and exogenous compounds. Although AhR knockout mice demonstrate that this receptor has a role in normal development and physiology, the function of this receptor is still unclear. Recent evidence suggests that AhR signaling also alters the expression of genes involved in matrix metabolism, specifically the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMP expression and activity is critical to normal physiological processes that require tissue remodeling, as well as in mediating the progression of a variety of diseases. MMPs not only degrade structural proteins, but are also important mediators of cell signaling near or at the cell membrane through exposure of cryptic sites, release of growth factors, and cleavage of receptors. Therefore, AhR modulation of MMP expression and activity may be critical, not only in pathogenesis, but also in understanding the endogenous function of the AhR. In this review we will examine the data indicating a role for the AhR-signaling pathway in the regulation of matrix remodeling, and discuss potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedd M Hillegass
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 76 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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17
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Sarcoplasmic Ca2+ release is prolonged in nonfailing myocardium of diabetic patients. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 308:141-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-007-9622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Hillegass JM, Villano CM, Cooper KR, White LA. Matrix metalloproteinase-13 is required for zebra fish (Danio rerio) development and is a target for glucocorticoids. Toxicol Sci 2007; 100:168-79. [PMID: 17728286 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfm192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that degrade the proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Expression and activity of the MMPs are essential for embryogenesis, where MMPs participate in the normal ECM remodeling that occurs during tissue morphogenesis and development. Studies have demonstrated that MMP gene expression is inhibited by glucocorticoids in mammalian cell culture systems and that exposure to glucocorticoids causes developmental abnormalities in several species. Therefore, we proposed that glucocorticoids impede normal development through alteration of MMP expression. Zebra fish (Danio rerio) were used as a model to study MMP-13 expression both during normal embryogenesis and following acute exposure to two glucocorticoids, dexamethasone, and hydrocortisone. MMP-13 is one of three collagenases identified in vertebrates that catalyzes the degradation of type I collagens at neutral pH. MMP-13 expression varied during zebra fish development, with peak expression at 48 h post-fertilization (hpf). Morpholino knockdown studies showed that MMP-13 expression is necessary for normal zebra fish embryogenesis. Acute exposure to dexamethasone and hydrocortisone resulted in abnormal zebra fish development including craniofacial abnormalities, altered somitogenesis, blood pooling and pericardial and yolk sac edema as well as increased MMP-13 mRNA and activity at 72 hpf. In situ hybridization experiments were used to confirm the increase in MMP-13 expression following glucocorticoid treatment and showed elevated MMP-13 expression in the rostral trunk, brain, eye, heart, and anterior kidney of treated embryos. These data demonstrate that normal zebra fish embryogenesis requires MMP-13 and that dexamethasone and hydrocortisone modulate the expression of this gene, leading to increased activity and potentially contributing to subsequent dysmorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedd Michael Hillegass
- Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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Westermann D, Rutschow S, Jäger S, Linderer A, Anker S, Riad A, Unger T, Schultheiss HP, Pauschinger M, Tschöpe C. Contributions of inflammation and cardiac matrix metalloproteinase activity to cardiac failure in diabetic cardiomyopathy: the role of angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonism. Diabetes 2007; 56:641-6. [PMID: 17327431 DOI: 10.2337/db06-1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of the angiotensin type 1 (AT-1) receptor antagonist, irbesartan, on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and cardiac cytokines in an animal model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes was induced in 20 C57/bl6 mice by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). These animals were treated with irbesartan or placebo and were compared with nondiabetic controls. Left ventricular (LV) function was measured by pressure-volume loops with parameters for systolic function (end systolic elastance [Ees]) and diastolic function (cardiac stiffness) 8 weeks after STZ treatment. The cardiac protein content of interleukin (IL)1beta and transforming growth factor (TGF)beta1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The total cardiac collagen content and collagen type 1 and 3 were measured by histochemistry, and MMP-2 activity was measured by gelatin zymography. LV dysfunction was documented by impaired Ees and diastolic stiffness in STZ mice compared with controls. This was accompanied by increased TGFbeta, IL1beta, and fibrosis and decreased MMP-2 activity. Treatment with irbesartan attenuated LV dysfunction, IL1beta, TGFbeta, and cardiac fibrosis compared with untreated diabetic animals and normalized MMP activity. These findings present evidence that AT-1 receptor antagonists attenuate cardiac failure by decreasing cardiac inflammation and normalizing MMP activity, leading to normalized cardiac fibrosis in STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Westermann
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Lei H, Venkatakrishnan A, Yu S, Kazlauskas A. Protein kinase A-dependent translocation of Hsp90 alpha impairs endothelial nitric-oxide synthase activity in high glucose and diabetes. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:9364-9371. [PMID: 17202141 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608985200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and high glucose (HG) are known to reduce the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) by modulating endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. eNOS is regulated by several mechanisms including its interaction with heat shock protein (Hsp) 90. We previously discovered that DM in vivo and HG in vitro induced the translocation of Hsp90alpha to the outside of aortic endothelial cells. In this report we tested the hypothesis that translocation of Hsp90alpha is responsible for the decline in NO production observed in HG-treated cells. We found that HG increased phosphorylation of Hsp90alpha in a cAMP-dependent protein kinase A-dependent manner, and that this event was required for translocation of Hsp90alpha in porcine aortic endothelial cells. Furthermore, preventing translocation of Hsp90alpha protected from the HG-induced decline in eNOS.Hsp90alpha complex and NO production. Notably, DM increased phosphorylation of Hsp90alpha and reduced its association with eNOS in the aortic endothelium of diabetic rats. These studies suggest that translocation of Hsp90alpha is a novel mechanism by which HG and DM impair eNOS activity and thereby reduce NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetian Lei
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Annapurna Venkatakrishnan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Soyoung Yu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Andrius Kazlauskas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114.
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