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Almudhee SN, Al Saigul AM, Sulaiman A. Parenting Style Frequency and Their Sociodemographic Determinants in Buraidah City, Qassim, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e41388. [PMID: 37546027 PMCID: PMC10401485 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Three parenting styles still form the foundation for today's research into childhood development. The natural mode of parenting falls somewhere among Baumrind's parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive). Due to the lack of research that integrates the relationship between parenting styles and socioeconomic status in Saudi Arabia, we decided to study different types of parenting styles and their relationship with sociodemographic status. Objective This study aimed to estimate the frequency of parenting styles among adolescent children's parents in Buraidah City, Qassim, during the year 2021. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 496 parents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The Parenting Style Dimension Questionnaire (PSDQ) was used to identify the parenting style of each participant. Data were analyzed using the Epi Info software version 7.2.5 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA). Results Among the surveyed parents, there were 250 (50.4%) males, and the mean age was 36.7 (±10.6) years. The majority (390, 78.6%) live in a nuclear family with a family size ranging from four to six members (285, 57.5%). A total of 451 (90.9%) parents were educated in secondary school and above. In this study, the common parenting style was the authoritative style (380, 76.6%). The two sociodemographic factors found to be statistically correlated with authoritative style were big family size (P=0.014) and the husband's income (P=0.012). Conclusion The study revealed that the authoritative parenting style was the dominant type among younger parents. However, no factors affect the parents' style except family size and the husband's income. It is important to develop parenting education programs to provide parents with the necessary skills and abilities to deal with their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikah N Almudhee
- Family Medicine, Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Buraidah, SAU
| | - Abdullah M Al Saigul
- Family Medicine, Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Buraidah, SAU
- Family Medicine, Ministry of Health, Buraidah, SAU
| | - Amel Sulaiman
- Family Medicine, Family Medicine Academy, Qassim Health Cluster, Buraidah, SAU
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2
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Zhang P, Xu Z. The Impacts of Family Educational Investment on Mental Health of Chinese Parents: Mediating and Moderating Effects. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605566. [PMID: 37332771 PMCID: PMC10272405 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This review aims to explore the impact of family educational investment on parents' mental health in China. Through this study, we reveal the current public health challenges and propose some solutions. Methods: Family educational investment takes three forms: economic investment, emotional investment, and time investment. This study examined the mediating effect of social integration and the moderating effect of social participation and workload on the relationship between family educational investment and parental mental health. Results: Economic investment, emotional investment and time investment were all negatively correlated with parental mental health. Social integration could better explain the detrimental effects of family educational investment on parental mental health, and that social participation and workload could play a significant negative and positive moderating role, respectively. Conclusion: Family educational investment, particularly emotional investment, plays an important and negative role in influencing parental mental health. To cope with the increased pressure brought about by educational competition, the state, society, and individuals all need to take measures.
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3
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Brubaker L, Udell MAR. Does Pet Parenting Style predict the social and problem-solving behavior of pet dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)? Anim Cogn 2023; 26:345-356. [PMID: 36175745 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-022-01694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The behavior and cognition of pet domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) has drawn increasing scientific attention over the last several decades. One area of focus has been the influence of lifetime variables, including the home environment and prior experiences, on the social and problem-solving behavior of dogs. While the human-dog relationship has become an important area of study, only a few studies have empirically investigated how the quality of that relationship may influence a dog's performance on behavioral or cognitive tasks. In the current study, we asked if a human caretaker's self-reported expectations and patterns of responding towards their dog (Pet Parenting Style) would predict the dog's social and problem-solving behavior. Owners who had previously been asked to complete a Pet Parenting Style survey were later invited to have their dogs participate in three behavioral tests: The Secure Base Test, a Sociability Test and the Solvable Task. Consistent with the human development literature, results indicated that Pet Parenting Styles did predict patterns of dog behavior and cognition on these tests. On average, dogs with authoritative owners (high expectations, high responsiveness) had the highest rate of secure attachment, were highly social, sensitive to social context and were more persistent and successful on the problem-solving task than dogs with authoritarian owners (high expectations and low responsiveness) and permissive owners (low expectations, low responsiveness). These findings suggest that the quality and style of individual dog-human relationships, including Pet Parenting Style, may be relevant when evaluating and interpreting outcomes of canine cognition research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Brubaker
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 112 Withycombe Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| | - Monique A R Udell
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, 112 Withycombe Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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4
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Life events and parent style for mental health in children: a cross-sectional study. Pediatr Res 2022; 93:1432-1438. [PMID: 35927576 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life events and parenting styles might play an important role in children's mental health. AIMS This study aims to explore how life events and parenting styles influence children's mental health based on a Chinese sample. METHODS A total of 3535 participants had at least one mental disorder (positive group), while a total of 3561 participants had no mental disorders (negative group). The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List (ASLEC) and Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (EMBU) were used for screening these two groups. RESULTS CBCL total scores differed significantly by sex in the Positive group according to the Mann-Whitney tests (Z = -5.40, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analyses showed that the dimensions of punishment (p = 0.014) and other (p = 0.048) in the ASLEC scale can significantly predict CBCL total scores in the Positive group. Sex, age and overprotection from the father were risk factors (p < 0.001) according to binary logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS Life events and parenting styles may have impacts on mental health. Fathers play a very important role in children's growth. Punitive education and fathers' overprotection might be risk factors for children's mental health. IMPACT It is a large sample (3535) study of Chinese children and adolescents It provides evidence that life events and parenting styles have impacts on mental health and that fathers play a very important role in children's growth. It is conducive to the development of interventions for the mental health of children and adolescents.
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5
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Mojdehi AS, Shohoudi A, Talwar V. Children’s moral evaluations of different types of lies and parenting practices and across cultural contexts. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Vazsonyi AT, Ksinan AJ, Javakhishvili M, Scarpate JM, Kahumoku-Fessler E. Links Between Parenting and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: Cross-Cultural Evidence from Ten Countries. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:667-683. [PMID: 33751285 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study tested the links between perceived maternal and paternal parenting and internalizing and externalizing problems across ten cultures (China, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Turkey, and the United States). Self-report data were collected from N = 12,757 adolescents (Mage = 17.13 years, 48.4% female). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation models tested whether: (1) the six parenting processes (closeness, support, monitoring, communication, peer approval, and conflict; Adolescent Family Process, Short Form (AFP-SF, 18 items) varied across cultures, and (2) the links between parenting processes and measures of internalizing and externalizing problems varied across cultures. Study findings indicated measurement invariance (configural and metric) of both maternal and paternal parenting processes and that the parenting-internalizing/externalizing problems links did not vary across cultures. Findings underscore the ubiquitous importance of parenting processes for internalizing and externalizing problems across diverse Asian, European, Eurasian, and North American cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albert J Ksinan
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magda Javakhishvili
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.,The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, USA
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7
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Gong Z, Jiao X, Xia X, Yu H, Lv C. The Relationship Between Academic Encouragement and Academic Self-Efficacy: A Moderated Mediation Model. Front Psychol 2022; 13:644243. [PMID: 35874360 PMCID: PMC9302875 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.644243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the influence mechanism and boundary conditions of academic encouragement on college students' academic self-efficacy, this study did a questionnaire survey and used the four scales, namely, Academic Encouragement Scale (AES), Course Subscale of the College Self-Efficacy Inventory (CCSI), Adult Hope Scale (AHS), and Campus Connectedness Scale (CCS). The questionnaires were distributed both online and offline. A total of 355 questionnaires were distributed, with 267 valid returns. Among them, 139 were women (52.1%) and 128 were men (47.9%), and the age range is 18-24 years old. As for the grade level, 123 were first-year college students (46.1%), 58 were second-year college students (21.7%), and 86 were third-year college students (32.2%). The results of this study showed the following. (1) Campus connectedness or hope mediated the relations between (challenge-focused or potential-focused) encouragement and academic self-efficacy. (2) Academic engagement could not moderate the above mediation models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cixian Lv
- Normal College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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8
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Sun W, Mei J, Wang Y, Zhao X, Zhu Z, Zhang C, Pan C, Li G, Chen Y, Miao J, Lan Y, Qiu X, Xu Y. Psycho-social factors associated with high depressive symptomatology in female adolescents and gender difference in adolescent depression: an epidemiological survey in China's Hubei Province. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:168. [PMID: 33771118 PMCID: PMC7995784 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring etiological clues to adolescent depression, especially in female adolescents, might be helpful to improve the social environment of female adolescents. The aim at this study is to explore psycho-social factors of female adolescents with high depressive symptomatology and gender differences in depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. METHOD We examined 4100 adolescents from Wuhan city and Jianli county via a cross-sectional study. Depressive symptomatology was screened through the Chinese version of Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore the factors related to high depressive symptomatology in female and male adolescents, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of high depressive symptomatology in female and male were 38.9 and 30.2% respectively. The psycho-social factors of high depressive symptomatology in female adolescents were age (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.201, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.076 ~ 1.341), single parent family (aOR = 2.004, 95%CI, 1.448 ~ 2.772) and fathers' education level (compared to primary school and below, [Junior middle school, aOR = 0.641, 95%CI, 0.439 ~ 0.934; Senior middle school, aOR = 0.603, 95%CI, 0.410 ~ 0.888; College degree and above, aOR = 0.639, 95%CI, 0.437 ~ 0.936]). CONCLUSION Fathers' education level was associated with high depressive symptomatology in female adolescents. Female adolescents whose father with primary school education or below deserves more attention. Further epidemiologic researches need to be conducted to explore the different risk factors between female and male adolescents in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Sun
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Junhua Mei
- grid.410609.aDepartment of Neurology, Wuhan First Hospital, No.215 Zhongshan Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Chensheng Pan
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Guo Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Jinfeng Miao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yan Lan
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Xiuli Qiu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plastic surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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9
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Liu MC, Chang JC, Lee CS. Interactive association of maternal education and peer relationship with oppositional defiant disorder: an observational study. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:160. [PMID: 33752611 PMCID: PMC7983394 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this research were to gain insights on the interactive effects, by measuring familial and peer-related risk factors in youths with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). METHODS Participants were college students recruited nationwide, with age between 18 and 25. Through the consensus of expert meetings, a set of questionnaires were used to evaluate the familial status, participant's peer group conditions, high-risk environment of illicit substance use, and oppositional symptoms. The logistic regression was performed to see the independent and interactive risk factors for ODD. RESULTS A total of 981 subjects were enrolled. Six variables significantly associated with ODD at the multivariate logistic regression, including male, night division, poor academic performance, high risk environment, peer with illicit substance use and high maternal education level. High maternal education exerted independent protective effect on the development of ODD (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.44-0.99). Peer with illicit substance use was more likely to associate with ODD in the low maternal education group. The 2-way interactive effect of maternal education and peer with substance use on the development of ODD was OR = 4.96 (2.96, 8.31). CONCLUSION The present study highlights the influence of maternal education level to ODD and its interaction with peer of illicit substance use. Our findings imply that the familial attachment and peer interaction are essential stages for the development of human behavior. TRIAL REGISTRATION The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the ethical review committee of National Taiwan University Hospital (number 201505057RINC ) and registered at clinical trial systems at National Taiwan University. In addition, subjects' information was anonymous and de-identified prior to any analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chia Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung Chen Chang
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Shoun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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10
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Beliefs about Expressing Love to Adolescents among Ethnically and Economically Diverse Mothers. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 50:536-549. [PMID: 33175347 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Parental love promotes positive developmental outcomes among adolescents, yet knowledge about how context might influence the behaviors parents deem as loving is limited. This study examined mothers' beliefs about expressing love to adolescent children in diverse ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Participants were 60 European American, 63 African American, and 60 Latina mothers. Household income (the indicator of socioeconomic status) varied within each ethnic group. Beliefs about the most important ways to express love differed by ethnicity more so than income. Latina mothers were more likely than other mothers to emphasize behaviors that involve family togetherness and practical help and guidance, and less likely to emphasize verbal affection or promoting independence. Mothers from all groups believed that "correction and discipline" was an important expression of love. The findings contribute to an ecologically sensitive understanding of parenting during adolescence, highlighting similarities as well as differences across ethnic and income groups.
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11
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Farber MJ, Gee DG, Hariri AR. Normative range parenting and the developing brain: A scoping review and recommendations for future research. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 55:2341-2358. [PMID: 33051903 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies of early adversity such as trauma, abuse, and neglect highlight the critical importance of quality caregiving in brain development and mental health. However, the impact of normative range variability in caregiving on such biobehavioral processes remains poorly understood. Thus, we lack an essential foundation for understanding broader, population-representative developmental mechanisms of risk and resilience. Here, we conduct a scoping review of the extant literature centered on the question, "Is variability in normative range parenting associated with variability in brain structure and function?" After removing duplicates and screening by title, abstract, and full-text, 23 records were included in a qualitative review. The most striking outcome of this review was not only how few studies have explored associations between brain development and normative range parenting, but also how little methodological consistency exists across published studies. In light of these limitations, we propose recommendations for future research on normative range parenting and brain development. In doing so, we hope to facilitate evidence-based research that will help inform policies and practices that yield optimal developmental trajectories and mental health as well as extend the literature on the neurodevelopmental impact of early life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Farber
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NA, USA
| | - Dylan G Gee
- Clinical Affective Neuroscience & Development Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NA, USA
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12
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Antolín-Suárez L, Nieto-Casado FJ, Rodríguez-Meirinhos A, Oliva A. Demographic, Social, and Economic Factors of Internalizing Problems in Referred and Non-Referred Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17145195. [PMID: 32708506 PMCID: PMC7400111 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation are common internalizing problems during adolescence. Numerous studies have explored the role of certain demographic, social, and economic factors in their development in referred or non-referred adolescents, but not simultaneously in both groups. In this study, we examined the association between age, gender, parents’ educational level, and socioeconomic status (SES) and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in a referred group (n = 211) and a non-referred (n = 1401) group of adolescents. We also examined the moderating role that these factors play in the relationships between both internalizing problems. The results showed: higher levels of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in the referred group; an increase in both problems during early-to-middle adolescence in the non-referred group; an association between low SES and suicidal ideation in both groups; an association between low father’s education level and depressive symptoms in the non-referred group; and no gender differences in either of these two internalizing problems. The moderation analyses showed that age, in referred adolescents, and SES, in non-referred adolescents, moderated the relationship between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. This study contributes to the identification of groups of vulnerable adolescents that could constitute the target populations of preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Antolín-Suárez
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain; (L.A.-S.); (A.O.)
| | - Francisco J. Nieto-Casado
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain; (L.A.-S.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954-554-331
| | - Ana Rodríguez-Meirinhos
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain;
| | - Alfredo Oliva
- Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, 41018 Seville, Spain; (L.A.-S.); (A.O.)
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13
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Bluth K, Park J, Lathren C. Is parents' education level associated with adolescent self-compassion? Explore (NY) 2020; 16:225-230. [PMID: 32245709 PMCID: PMC7654721 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-compassion has been identified as a trait that correlates with robust mental health; specifically, less anxiety, depression and stress in both adolescents and adults. However, little is known about the parental and family factors that are associated with adolescent self-compassion that may promote or enhance the development of this stress-buffering trait. In this study, 1057 adolescents in grades 7-12 from two different school settings answered questions in an online survey that related to their parents' education level and their own self-compassion. Results indicated that fathers' education, but not mothers', was associated with adolescent self-compassion. Specifically, adolescents whose fathers had a college education only had the highest level of self-compassion; a significant difference was found between self-compassion of adolescents of fathers' with a college degree and those with a doctorate/professional degree. Adolescents whose fathers had less than a college education (some college, high school graduate) or more than a college education (masters or doctorate/professional degree) reported lower self-compassion. As parent education level may be a proxy for other factors such as socioeconomic status, parenting style, or parent-adolescent relationship closeness, further research is necessary that will measure these factors and parse out that which specifically is associated with self-compassion in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bluth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States.
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Box 7200, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States.
| | - Christine Lathren
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Box 7200, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States.
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14
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Nilsen SA, Breivik K, Wold B, Askeland KG, Sivertsen B, Hysing M, Bøe T. Divorce and adolescent academic achievement: Heterogeneity in the associations by parental education. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229183. [PMID: 32130231 PMCID: PMC7055798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The link between parental divorce and adolescents’ academic achievement may depend on parental educational levels. However, findings have been inconsistent regarding whether the negative associations between parental divorce and adolescents’ academic outcomes are greater or smaller in highly educated families. The present study aimed to investigate the possible heterogeneity in the associations between divorce and adolescents’ academic achievement by parental educational levels, within the context of the elaborate Norwegian welfare state. Methods The population-based cross-sectional youth@hordaland study of adolescents aged 16–19 years conducted in Norway in 2012, provided information about parental divorce and was linked to national administrative registries (N = 9,166) to obtain high-quality, objective data on the adolescents’ grade point average (GPA), and their parents’ educational qualifications and income. Results The negative association between parental divorce and GPA was stronger among adolescents with educated or highly educated parents compared to adolescents with less educated parents. This heterogeneity was driven by maternal educational qualifications, whereby divorce was more strongly and negatively associated with GPA among adolescents with educated mothers compared to those with less educated mothers, independent of paternal educational levels and income measures. Conclusions Among adolescents whose parents have low educational qualifications, parental divorce is not associated with their academic achievement. Educated divorced mothers appear less likely to transfer their educational advantages onto their children than nondivorced equally educated mothers, perhaps due to a “double-burden” regarding work pressure and child-rearing responsibilities. There is a need for future studies to detail the mechanisms underlying this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondre Aasen Nilsen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Kyrre Breivik
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente Wold
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Gärtner Askeland
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research & Innovation, Helse Fonna HF, Haugesund, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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15
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Choi Y, Lee M, Lee JP, Park M, Lee SY, Hahm HC. Disempowering Parenting and Mental Health among Asian American Youth: Immigration and Ethnicity. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 66. [PMID: 32863510 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Guided by the concept of ABCDG (Abusive, Burdening, Culturally Disjointed, Disengaged, and Gender Prescriptive) parenting, this study investigated how subdomains of disempowering parenting adversely influence young people's mental health, independently and collectively, using a large-scale longitudinal survey data of community samples among Filipino American (FA) and Korean American (KA) youth (M AGE =15.01, N=1,580; 391 FA and 417 KA families). Regression results showed that the subdomains of disempowering parenting, while individually harmful, were differentially associated with mental health. For example, abusive and disengaged parenting and culturally disjointed parenting (a.k.a. intergenerational cultural conflict) were the most notably adverse subdomains and remained significant when all subdomains were accounted together. This study pinpoints specific aspects of disempowering parenting that may lead to mental distress among FA and KA youth and underscores a need for culturally tailored intervention programs that address the harms of disempowering parenting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsun Choi
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mina Lee
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jeanette Park Lee
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael Park
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Soo Young Lee
- School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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16
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Masud S, Mufarrih SH, Qureshi NQ, Khan F, Khan S, Khan MN. Academic Performance in Adolescent Students: The Role of Parenting Styles and Socio-Demographic Factors - A Cross Sectional Study From Peshawar, Pakistan. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2497. [PMID: 31780999 PMCID: PMC6856224 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Academic performance is among the several components of academic success. Many factors, including socioeconomic status, student temperament and motivation, peer, and parental support influence academic performance. Our study aims to investigate the determinants of academic performance with emphasis on the role of parental styles in adolescent students in Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 456 students from 4 public and 4 private schools were interviewed. Academic performance was assessed based on self-reported grades in the latest internal examinations. Parenting styles were assessed through the administration of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). Regression analysis was conducted to assess the influence of socio-demographic factors and parenting styles on academic performance. Factors associated with and differences between "care" and "overprotection" scores of fathers and mothers were analyzed. Higher socio-economic status, father's education level, and higher care scores were independently associated with better academic performance in adolescent students. Affectionless control was the most common parenting style for fathers and mothers. When adapted by the father, it was also the only parenting style independently improving academic performance. Overall, mean "care" scores were higher for mothers and mean "overprotection" scores were higher for fathers. Parenting workshops and school activities emphasizing the involvement of mothers and fathers in the parenting of adolescent students might have a positive influence on their academic performance. Affectionless control may be associated with improved academics but the emotional and psychosocial effects of this style of parenting need to be investigated before recommendations are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat Masud
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Fahad Khan
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Saad Khan
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naseem Khan
- Institute of Public Health & Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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17
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Martínez-Ferrer B, León-Moreno C, Musitu-Ferrer D, Romero-Abrio A, Callejas-Jerónimo JE, Musitu-Ochoa G. Parental Socialization, School Adjustment and Cyber-Aggression among Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16204005. [PMID: 31635096 PMCID: PMC6843967 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16204005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to analyse the relationships between parental socialization styles-indulgent, authoritarian, authoritative and negligent, school adjustment (social integration, academic competence and family involvement) and cyber-aggression (direct and indirect) in adolescents. Participating in this study were 1304 Spanish students of both sexes (53.1% girls), aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 13.87, SD = 1.33). Multivariate analyses of variance were performed. The results showed significant relationships between parental socialization styles, school adjustment and cyber-aggression. It was observed that adolescents from indulgent and authoritative families showed greater academic competence and greater family involvement. Additionally, the children from authoritarian families displayed greater involvement in direct and indirect cyber-aggression behaviours. The results obtained and their implications are discussed in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Martínez-Ferrer
- Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Celeste León-Moreno
- Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Daniel Musitu-Ferrer
- Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | - Ana Romero-Abrio
- Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Gonzalo Musitu-Ochoa
- Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain.
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18
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Macmull MS, Ashkenazi S. Math Anxiety: The Relationship Between Parenting Style and Math Self-Efficacy. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1721. [PMID: 31447724 PMCID: PMC6691021 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the current study is to examine the direct and indirect influences of parenting styles, math self-efficacy, and the participants’ sex on math anxiety. The research population (N = 204) included randomly selected participants, whose native language is Hebrew and were born in Israel. The participants were surveyed about four measures that served as the research tools. They answered questions about demographics, math anxiety, and the parenting style of the child’s mother and about math self-efficacy. The research data concluded that there were strong correlations between the authoritarian parenting style and math anxiety. The authoritative parenting style had both a direct positive correlation and an indirect negative correlation on math anxiety. This is in contrast to the permissive parenting style which was exclusively found to have a small positive correlation on math anxiety. The participant’s sex had both direct and indirect influences on math anxiety. Math anxiety levels, as well as the negative effects of self-efficacy on the level of math anxiety, were higher in females compared to males. These findings are relevant when considering methods of diagnosis and intervention surrounding math anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran S Macmull
- The Seymour Fox School of Education, Learning Disabilities, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarit Ashkenazi
- The Seymour Fox School of Education, Learning Disabilities, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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19
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Parra Á, Sánchez-Queija I, García-Mendoza MDC, Coimbra S, Egídio Oliveira J, Díez M. Perceived Parenting Styles and Adjustment during Emerging Adulthood: A Cross-National Perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2757. [PMID: 31382358 PMCID: PMC6695850 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to determine whether the influence of parenting style on children's wellbeing is sustained during emerging adulthood. This is a stage in which young people, despite feeling themselves to be adults, often remain in the family home and continue to be financially dependent on their parents. Moreover, since parents' beliefs, attitudes and behaviors are constructed and interpreted within their cultural milieu, the study also aims to explore the situation in Spain (SP) and Portugal (PT). Those two Southern Europe countries are representative of what is known as the "family welfare regime", in which the family acts as the main provider of care and security not only during childhood, but also during emerging adulthood. Thus, the present study examines, from a cross-cultural perspective, the relationship between perceived parenting styles and psychological adjustment among a sample of 1047 emerging adults from Spain and Portugal. The results reveal that the most beneficial styles during this stage are the authoritative and permissive ones, with the authoritarian style being more closely related to psychological distress. The study highlights intercultural similarities and the positive role played by more symmetrical relationships in the adjustment of emerging adults in both countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Águeda Parra
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Sánchez-Queija
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Susana Coimbra
- Department of Psychology, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Egídio Oliveira
- Department of Psychology, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Díez
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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20
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Musitu-Ferrer D, León-Moreno C, Callejas-Jerónimo JE, Esteban-Ibáñez M, Musitu-Ochoa G. Relationships between Parental Socialization Styles, Empathy and Connectedness with Nature: Their Implications in Environmentalism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E2461. [PMID: 31373292 PMCID: PMC6678118 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Parents exert a strong influence on several adjustment outcomes. However, little is known about their influence on adolescents' connectedness with the environment. This study examined the relationships between parenting styles, empathy and connectedness with the environment. The two-dimensional socialization model was used with four resulting styles: Indulgent, authoritative, neglectful and authoritarian. The sample comprised 797 adolescents (52.7% girls) from six public secondary schools who were aged between 12 and 16 years (M = 13.94, SD = 1.28). The results showed significant relationships between parental socialization styles, empathy and connectedness with nature. It was also observed that adolescents from indulgent and authoritative families showed higher levels of empathy and connectedness with the environment than adolescents raised by authoritarian and neglectful parents, with males from such families consistently presenting the lowest levels of empathy and connectedness, which was not the case among women. Additionally, women, regardless of the parental style in which they had been educated, showed greater cognitive and emotional empathy with the natural environment, while adolescents raised in indulgent and authoritative families displayed higher levels of empathy and connectedness than those with authoritarian and neglectful parents. These results suggest that indulgent and authoritative styles are stronger enablers of empathy and connectedness with nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Musitu-Ferrer
- Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Celeste León-Moreno
- Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain.
| | | | - Macarena Esteban-Ibáñez
- Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Musitu-Ochoa
- Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
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21
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Garcia OF, Serra E. Raising Children with Poor School Performance: Parenting Styles and Short- and Long-Term Consequences for Adolescent and Adult Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1089. [PMID: 30934673 PMCID: PMC6480465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the correlates of authoritative (warmth and strictness), indulgent (warmth but not strictness), authoritarian (strictness but not warmth), and neglectful (neither warmth nor strictness) parenting with short- and long-term socialization outcomes in adolescents and adults, with and without poor school performance during adolescence. Short- and long-term socialization outcomes were captured by multidimensional self-esteem (academic/professional, emotional, and family), psychological maturity (self-competence, social competence, and empathy), and emotional maladjustment (nervousness, emotional instability, and hostility). Participants (1195 female and 874 male) consisted of a community sample of adolescents (n = 602), young adults (n = 610), middle-aged adults (n = 469) and older adults (n = 388). Design was a 4 × 3 × 2 × 4 MANOVA (parenting style × school performance × sex × age). Results indicated that the relationship between parenting styles and children's socialization outcomes does not vary as a function of school performance. The link between parenting styles and socialization outcomes shares a common short- and long- term pattern in adolescents and adults: Indulgent parenting was related to equal or even better socialization outcomes than authoritative parenting, whereas authoritarian and neglectful styles were associated with the worst socialization outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar F Garcia
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21., 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Emilia Serra
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez, 21., 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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22
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Abstract
As an intensely social species, humans demonstrate the propensity to contribute to other individuals and groups by providing support, resources, or helping to achieve a shared goal. Accumulating evidence suggests that contribution benefits the givers as well as the receivers. The need to contribute during adolescence, however, has been underappreciated compared with more individually focused psychological or social developmental needs. The need is particularly significant during the teenage years, when children's social world expands and they become increasingly capable of making contributions of consequence. Moreover, contribution can both promote and be a key element of traditionally conceived fundamental needs of the adolescent period such as autonomy, identity, and intimacy. The neural and biological foundations of the adolescent need to contribute, as well as the ways in which social environments meet that need, are discussed. A scientific and practical investment in contribution would synergize with other recent efforts to reframe thinking about the adolescent period, providing potential returns to the field as well as to youths and their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Fuligni
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles
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23
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Lansford JE, Godwin J, Bornstein MH, Chang L, Deater-Deckard K, Di Giunta L, Dodge KA, Malone PS, Oburu P, Pastorelli C, Skinner AT, Sorbring E, Steinberg L, Tapanya S, Uribe Tirado LM, Alampay LP, Al-Hassan SM, Bacchini D. Parenting, culture, and the development of externalizing behaviors from age 7 to 14 in nine countries. Dev Psychopathol 2018; 30:1937-1958. [PMID: 30132425 PMCID: PMC6361516 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Using multilevel models, we examined mother-, father-, and child-reported (N = 1,336 families) externalizing behavior problem trajectories from age 7 to 14 in nine countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States). The intercept and slope of children's externalizing behavior trajectories varied both across individuals within culture and across cultures, and the variance was larger at the individual level than at the culture level. Mothers' and children's endorsement of aggression as well as mothers' authoritarian attitudes predicted higher age 8 intercepts of child externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, prediction from individual-level endorsement of aggression and authoritarian attitudes to more child externalizing behaviors was augmented by prediction from cultural-level endorsement of aggression and authoritarian attitudes, respectively. Cultures in which father-reported endorsement of aggression was higher and both mother- and father-reported authoritarian attitudes were higher also reported more child externalizing behavior problems at age 8. Among fathers, greater attributions regarding uncontrollable success in caregiving situations were associated with steeper declines in externalizing over time. Understanding cultural-level as well as individual-level correlates of children's externalizing behavior offers potential insights into prevention and intervention efforts that can be more effectively targeted at individual children and parents as well as targeted at changing cultural norms that increase the risk of children's and adolescents' externalizing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marc H. Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Laurence Steinberg
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,
| | | | | | | | - Suha M. Al-Hassan
- Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan, and Emirates College for Advanced Education, Abu Dhabi, UAE,
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24
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Lopez NV, Schembre S, Belcher BR, O'Connor S, Maher JP, Arbel R, Margolin G, Dunton GF. Parenting styles, food-related parenting practices, and children's healthy eating: A mediation analysis to examine relationships between parenting and child diet. Appetite 2018; 128:205-213. [PMID: 29920321 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parents exert a strong influence on their children's diet. While authoritative parenting style is linked to healthier weight and dietary outcomes in children, and authoritarian and permissive parenting styles with unhealthy eating, little is known about the mechanisms that mediate these relationships. Feeding styles are often examined in relation to child diet, but they do not consider the social and physical environmental contexts in which dietary behaviors occur. Therefore, this study examined whether parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive) were associated with three specific food-related parenting practices - mealtime structural practices (e.g., eating meals as a family), parent modeling of healthy food, and household food rules and whether these parenting practices mediated the association between parenting styles and children's diet. Participants were 174 mother-child dyads. Mothers (68% married, 58% college graduates, Mage = 41 years [SD = 6.2]) reported on their parenting practices using validated scales and parenting style using the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. Children (52% female, Mage = 10 years [SD = 0.9]) completed two telephone-based 24-hour dietary recalls. Dietary outcomes included the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010 score, and fruit and vegetables and added sugar intake. Using PROCESS, multiple mediation cross-sectional analyses with parallel mediators using 10,000 bootstraps were performed. Significant indirect effects were observed with mealtime structure and the relationships between authoritative parenting and HEI-2010 score (b = 0.045, p < .05, CI = [0.006, 0.126]), authoritarian parenting and HEI-2010 score (b = -0.055, p < .05, CI = [-0.167, -0.001]), and permissive parenting and HEI-2010 score (b = -0.093, p < .05, CI = [-0.265, -0.008]). Child diet quality is affected by mealtime structural practices. Further examination of the features by which mealtime structural practices serve as a mechanism for parents to support healthy eating among their children may improve children's diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanette V Lopez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Susan Schembre
- Department of Behavioral Science, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Britni R Belcher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Sydney O'Connor
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - Jaclyn P Maher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 1408 Walker Avenue, 237H Coleman Building, Greensboro, NC, 27412, USA.
| | - Reout Arbel
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 South McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Gayla Margolin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 South McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2001 North Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
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25
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Wei C, Swan AJ, Makover HB, Kendall PC. A Multi-Informant Examination of Maternal Symptoms and Autonomy Granting in Youth Anxiety. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48:1001-1009. [PMID: 28389842 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-017-0722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests the important role of (a) parenting behaviors and (b) parental psychopathology in the development and maintenance of youth anxiety. Using a multi-informant approach, the current study examined the association of maternal autonomy granting and maternal symptoms (i.e., anxiety and depression) with youth anxiety among mothers and 88 youth (ages of 6-17) diagnosed with a principal anxiety disorder. Results from the generalized estimating equations (GEE) analyses indicated that mothers reported higher youth anxiety symptoms compared to youth self-reports. Youth-perceived maternal autonomy granting was inversely associated with youth anxiety, and maternal self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms significantly moderated this relationship: As mothers reported higher anxiety and depressive symptoms, the inverse association between parental autonomy granting and youth anxiety weakened. The interaction between parenting behavior and parental psychopathology significantly influenced youth anxiety symptoms, which presents important clinical implications to integrate into parenting work in the treatment of youth anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaying Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Anna J Swan
- Department of Psychology, Weiss Hall, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19087, USA
| | - Heather B Makover
- Department of Psychology, Weiss Hall, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19087, USA
| | - Philip C Kendall
- Department of Psychology, Weiss Hall, Temple University, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19087, USA.
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26
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Kuipers MAG, Haal S, Kunst AE. Socioeconomic Differences in Parenting Strategies to Prevent Adolescent Smoking: A Case Study from the Netherlands. Int J Behav Med 2017; 23:364-371. [PMID: 26883869 PMCID: PMC4863032 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-016-9543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to identify possible socioeconomic differences in the use of anti-smoking parenting strategies. Methods In 2012, survey data of adolescents (N = 225) aged 13 to 17 years and their mothers (N = 122) and fathers (N = 105) were collected in Haarlem, the Netherlands. Questions on smoking behaviour and eleven anti-smoking parenting strategies were answered by adolescents, mothers and fathers. School tracks of adolescents and educational level of parents were measured as indicators of socioeconomic position. Linear multilevel regression analyses were applied to study the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and standardised scores of anti-smoking strategies. Analyses were controlled for age, sex and smoking by parents and adolescents. Results We found no consistent socioeconomic differences in the use of anti-smoking parenting strategies. There were no statistically significant differences in relation to parental educational level or when using adolescent reports on parenting practices. However, when using parental reports, a few strategies varied significantly according to adolescent educational track. Adolescents in higher educational tracks were more likely to have no-smoking rules in the home (standardised regression coefficient (β) = 0.20, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.03; 0.37, p = 0.022) and more likely to have a no-smoking agreement (β = 0.17, 95 % CI: 0.00; 0.34, p = 0.048). However, they were less likely to frequently communicate about smoking with their parents (β = −0.25, 95 % CI: −0.41; −0.08, p = 0.004). Conclusion In this specific population, there was no consistent support for the hypothesis that anti-smoking parenting strategies contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent smoking. Parental factors that are more likely to contribute to these inequalities include parental smoking and parenting styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirte A G Kuipers
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sylke Haal
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Davies LEM, Kuipers MAG, Junger M, Kunst AE. The role of self-control and cognitive functioning in educational inequalities in adolescent smoking and binge drinking. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:714. [PMID: 28915912 PMCID: PMC5603096 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Large differences in substance use between educational levels originate at a young age, but there is limited evidence explaining these inequalities. The aim of this study was to test whether a) smoking and binge drinking are associated with lower levels of self-control and cognitive functioning, and b) associations between educational track and smoking and binge drinking, respectively, are attenuated after controlling for self-control and cognitive functioning. Methods This study used cross-sectional survey data of 15 to 20-year-olds (N = 191) from low, middle, and high educational tracks. We measured regular binge drinking and regular smoking (more than once a month), cognitive functioning (cognitive ability, reaction time and memory span), and self-control. Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between educational track and smoking and binge drinking controlled for age, gender and social disadvantage, and for self-control and cognitive functioning. Results According to models that controlled for age, gender and social disadvantage only, respondents in the low educational track were more likely to drink heavily (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.48–7.17) and smoke (OR = 5.74, 95% CI = 2.31–14.29) than adolescents in the high educational track. The association between educational track and binge drinking was hardly reduced after adjustment for self-control and cognitive ability (OR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.09–7.62). Adjustment for self-control and cognitive functioning, especially cognitive ability, weakened the association between education and smoking (OR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.11–10.37). However, inequalities in smoking remained significant and substantial. Conclusions In this study population, pre-existing variations between adolescents in terms of self-control and cognitive functioning played a minor role in educational inequalities in smoking, but not in binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E M Davies
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirte A G Kuipers
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marianne Junger
- Department Industrial Engineering and Business Information Systems (IEBIS), University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center - University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Doom JR, Mason SM, Suglia SF, Clark CJ. Pathways between childhood/adolescent adversity, adolescent socioeconomic status, and long-term cardiovascular disease risk in young adulthood. Soc Sci Med 2017; 188:166-175. [PMID: 28747248 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated mediators between childhood/adolescent adversities (e.g., dating violence, maltreatment, homelessness, and parental death), low socioeconomic status (SES) during adolescence, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in young adulthood. The purpose of these analyses was to understand whether SES during adolescence and childhood/adolescent adversities affect CVD risk through similar pathways, including maternal relationship quality, health behaviors, financial stress, medical/dental care, educational attainment, sleep problems, and depressive symptoms. METHODS Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (N = 14,493), which has followed US adolescents (Wave 1; M = 15.9 years) through early adulthood (Wave 4; M = 28.9 years), associations were examined between childhood/adolescent adversity and SES to 30-year CVD risk in young adulthood. The outcome was a Framingham-based prediction model of CVD risk that included age, sex, body mass index, smoking, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, and antihypertensive medication use at Wave 4. Path analysis was used to examine paths through the adolescent maternal relationship to young adult mediators of CVD risk. RESULTS Childhood/adolescent adversity significantly predicted greater adult CVD risk through the following pathways: maternal relationship, health behaviors, financial stress, lack of medical/dental care, and educational attainment; but not through depressive symptoms or sleep problems. Lower SES during adolescence significantly predicted greater adult CVD risk through the following pathways: health behaviors, financial stress, lack of medical/dental care, and educational attainment, but not maternal relationship, depressive symptoms, or sleep problems. CONCLUSIONS Childhood/adolescent adversities and SES affected CVD risk in young adulthood through both similar and unique pathways that may inform interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenalee R Doom
- Center for Human Growth & Development, University of Michigan, 300 N. Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406, USA.
| | - Susan M Mason
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. Second Street, Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA.
| | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Cari Jo Clark
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Assari S, Caldwell CH. Low Family Support and Risk of Obesity among Black Youth: Role of Gender and Ethnicity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 4:E36. [PMID: 28498351 PMCID: PMC5447994 DOI: 10.3390/children4050036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on the role of family environment in developing risk of obesity among youth have focused on parenting behaviors that are directly involved in energy balance in regional, non-representative White samples. Using a national sample of ethnically diverse Black youth, the current study tested the association between low family support and risk of obesity. We also tested the heterogeneity of this association based on gender, ethnicity, and their intersection. We used data from the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent Supplement (NSAL-A), a national survey of Black adolescents in the United States. The study enrolled 1170 African American and Caribbean Black 13-17 year old youth. Obesity was defined based on the cutoff points of body mass index (BMI) appropriate for age and gender of youth. Family support was measured using a five-item measure that captured emotional and tangible social support. Age, gender, and ethnicity were also measured. Logistic regressions were utilized in the pooled sample, and also based on gender, ethnicity, and their intersection, to test the link between low family support and risk for obesity. RESULTS In the pooled sample, low family support was not associated with an increased risk of obesity (OR = 1.35, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.96-1.89). The association between low family support and risk of obesity was, however, significant among African American females (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.01-2.55). There was no association for African American males (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.82-1.92), Caribbean Black males (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.01-54.85), and Caribbean Black females (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.42-1.44). In conclusion, policies and programs that enable African American families to provide additional family support may prevent obesity among African American female youth. Future research should test the efficacy of promoting family support as a tool for preventing obesity among African American female youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
| | - Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
- Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
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Westgate EC, Wormington SV, Oleson KC, Lindgren KP. Productive procrastination: academic procrastination style predicts academic and alcohol outcomes. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 47:124-135. [PMID: 28804158 PMCID: PMC5551689 DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Productive procrastination replaces one adaptive behavior with another adaptive-albeit less important-behavior (e.g., organizing notes instead of studying for an exam). We identified adaptive and maladaptive procrastination styles associated with academic and alcohol outcomes in 1106 college undergraduates. Cluster analysis identified five academic procrastination styles-non-procrastinators, academic productive procrastinators, non-academic productive procrastinators, non-academic procrastinators, and classic procrastinators. Procrastination style differentially predicted alcohol-related problems, cravings, risk of alcohol use disorders, and GPA (all ps < .01). Non-procrastination and academic productive procrastination were most adaptive overall; non-academic productive procrastination, non-academic procrastination, and classic procrastination were least adaptive. Productive procrastination differed from other procrastination strategies, and maladaptive procrastination styles may be a useful risk indicator for preventative and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie V. Wormington
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology, and Special Education, Michigan State University
| | | | - Kristen P. Lindgren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors
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Raymond-Flesch M, Auerswald C, McGlone L, Comfort M, Minnis A. Building social capital to promote adolescent wellbeing: a qualitative study with teens in a Latino agricultural community. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:177. [PMID: 28178971 PMCID: PMC5299737 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Latino youth, particularly in rural settings, experience significant disparities in rates of teen pregnancy and violence. Few data are available regarding social and structural influences on Latino youth’s developmental trajectories, specifically on factors that promote wellbeing and protect them from engagement in high-risk sexual and violence-related behaviors. Methods Forty-two youth aged 13 to 19 years old were recruited from middle schools and youth leadership programs to participate in one of eight community-based focus groups in Salinas, a predominantly Latino, urban center in California’s rural central coast. Focus groups covered youths’ experiences with the risk and protective factors associated with exposure to violence and romantic relationships. Four researchers completed coding with a Grounded Theory approach, informed by the theoretical frameworks of the social ecological model and social capital. The study’s design and participant recruitment were informed by a community advisory board of local youth-serving organizations and health care providers. Results Participants described family lives rich in bonding social capital, with strong ties to parents and near-peer family members. They reported that while parents had a strong desire to promote healthful behaviors and social mobility, they often lacked the bridging or linking social capital required to help youth navigate structural systems, such as college applications and access to confidential health care. Youth also reported that some families link their children to negative social capital, such as exposure to gang affiliation. Conclusion Adolescents in this agricultural community identified robust sources of bonding social capital within their families. However, they identified limitations in their families’ capacities to link them to structural resources in education, employment, and health care that could support healthful behaviors and upward social mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Raymond-Flesch
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 245, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA.
| | - Colette Auerswald
- School of Public Health, Division of Community Health Sciences, University of California Berkeley, 570 University Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94702, USA
| | - Linda McGlone
- Monterey County Health Department, 1270 Natividad Road, Salinas, CA, 93906, USA
| | - Megan Comfort
- Division of Behavioral Health and Criminal Justice, Research Triangle Institute International, 351 California Street, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA, 94104, USA
| | - Alexandra Minnis
- Women's Global Health Imperative, Research Triangle Institute International, 351 California Street, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA, 94104, USA.,University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, 351 California Street, Suite 500, San Francisco, CA, 94104, USA
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Doom JR, Gunnar MR, Clark CJ. Maternal relationship during adolescence predicts cardiovascular disease risk in adulthood. Health Psychol 2016; 35:376-86. [PMID: 27018729 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated whether greater maternal support during adolescence is associated with lower levels of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in adulthood, and whether maternal support serves as a moderator or a mediator of the socioeconomic status (SES) and CVD risk association. In addition, potential moderators and mediators of the association between adult CVD risk and adolescent maternal support and SES were tested. METHOD Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 11,013), we examined relations between maternal support during adolescence (M = 15.3 years) and CVD risk in young adulthood (M = 28.7 years) via path analysis. Maternal support was assessed by a composite of adolescent and mother report. CVD risk was calculated with a Framingham-based prediction model that uses age, sex, body mass index, smoking, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, and use of antihypertensive medication. RESULTS Greater maternal support in adolescence was related to lower CVD risk in young adulthood (B = -0.56, 95% CI: -0.91 to -0.20, p < .01). The interaction between adolescent SES and maternal support was not significant, (p > .05), but there was an interaction between maternal support and race such that African American adolescents were more sensitive than Whites to the effects of maternal support on CVD risk (B = -0.90, 95% CI: -1.56, -0.25, p < .01). In addition, there was no evidence that maternal support mediated the association between SES and CVD risk (p > .05), and there was no association between SES and maternal support (p > .05), adjusting for confounders. However, the relations of adolescent maternal support and SES to adult CVD risk were mediated by young adult health behaviors and financial stress but not by depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Greater maternal support during adolescence appears to act independently of SES when impacting CVD risk and may operate through health behaviors and financial stress. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cari Jo Clark
- Departments of Public Health and Medicine, University of Minnesota
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Korelitz KE, Garber J. Congruence of Parents' and Children's Perceptions of Parenting: A Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:1973-95. [PMID: 27380467 PMCID: PMC5222679 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Parents and children often report different perspectives about parents' behaviors. Such lack of congruence is important because it may reflect problems in their relationship and may be associated with children's maladjustment. We conducted a systematic, quantitative review of parent-child agreement and discrepancy about parenting behaviors, and potential moderators (e.g., children's age, race, clinical status, family intactness) of the extent of mother-child and father-child congruence. The meta-analyses included 85 studies with 476 effect sizes of the degree of agreement and discrepancy in parent-child reports of three parenting behaviors: Acceptance, Psychological Control, and Behavioral Control assessed with one of the most widely-used measures of parenting-the Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory. Mother-child and father-child dyads exhibited significant but modest levels of agreement (r) across parenting constructs. The amount and direction of discrepancy (Hedges' g) varied by the parenting construct and parents' sex. Overall, parents' reports were more favorable than their children's report about the parents' behaviors. Significant associations were found between the magnitude of agreement/discrepancy and children's age, race, clinical status, and family intactness. Moderators differed by parenting construct, parents' sex, and type of effect size. Implications of these findings for researchers and clinicians are discussed and highlight the need for further research about the meaning of parent-child incongruence, its relation to children's psychopathology, and interventions for reducing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Korelitz
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, 0552 Peabody, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, USA
| | - Judy Garber
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, 0552 Peabody, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN, 37203-5721, USA.
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Donaldson CD, Handren LM, Crano WD. The Enduring Impact of Parents' Monitoring, Warmth, Expectancies, and Alcohol Use on Their Children's Future Binge Drinking and Arrests: a Longitudinal Analysis. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2016; 17:606-14. [PMID: 27178008 PMCID: PMC5901752 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-016-0656-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is associated with many health and financial costs and is linked to risks of legal consequences. As alcohol use typically is initiated during adolescence, the current study assessed the relationship between parental behaviors and strategies in forecasting adolescents' likelihood of binge drinking and later arrest. Restricted data from waves I-IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to assess hypotheses. A weighted path analytic model (N = 9421) provided a multifaceted picture of variables linked to later antisocial behavior. Low parental monitoring, low parental warmth, parent alcohol use, and parent expectancies regarding their children's alcohol use were associated with higher incidence of adolescent binge drinking. In turn, low monitoring, low warmth, parent alcohol use, parent expectancies, and underage consumption were associated with binge drinking in early adulthood. Binge drinking during both adolescence and young adulthood were predictive of respondents' likelihood of arrest 8-14 years later. Findings demonstrated the substantial, enduring effects of parental behaviors on child alcohol-related actions and have implications for parent-targeted interventions designed to reduce excessive alcohol consumption. They suggest campaigns focus on parenting strategies that involve setting effective and strict alcohol-related rules and guidelines, while maintaining a warm and supportive family environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice D Donaldson
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, 150 E. 10th St., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.
| | - Lindsay M Handren
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, 150 E. 10th St., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - William D Crano
- Department of Psychology, Claremont Graduate University, 150 E. 10th St., Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
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Weis M, Trommsdorff G, Muñoz L. Children's Self-Regulation and School Achievement in Cultural Contexts: The Role of Maternal Restrictive Control. Front Psychol 2016; 7:722. [PMID: 27303318 PMCID: PMC4885849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-regulation can be developed through parent-child interactions and has been related to developmental outcomes, e.g., such as educational achievement. This study examined cross-cultural differences and similarities in maternal restrictive control, self-regulation (i.e., behavior and emotion regulation) and school achievement and relations among these variables in Germany and Chile. Seventy-six German and 167 Chilean fourth graders, their mothers, and their teachers participated. Mothers and teachers rated children's behavior regulation with a subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Children reported their use of emotion regulation strategies on the Questionnaire for the Measurement of Stress and Coping. Mothers rated maternal restrictive control by answering the Parenting Practice Questionnaire. School achievement was assessed by grades for language and mathematics. Results showed higher behavior regulation of German children in comparison to Chilean children and a higher preference of restrictive parental control in Chilean mothers than in German mothers. Regression analyses revealed positive relations between children's behavior regulation and school achievement in Germany and in Chile. Further, in both cultural contexts, maternal restrictive control was related negatively to behavior regulation and positively to anger-oriented emotion regulation. In sum, the study showed the central function of behavior regulation for school achievement underlining negative relations of maternal restrictive control with children's self-regulation and school achievement in diverse cultural contexts. Culturally adapted interventions related to parenting practices to promote children's behavior regulation may assist in also promoting children's school achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Weis
- Department of Psychology, University of KonstanzKonstanz, Germany
| | | | - Lorena Muñoz
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de ChileSantiago de Chile, Chile
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Stafford M, Kuh DL, Gale CR, Mishra G, Richards M. Parent-child relationships and offspring's positive mental wellbeing from adolescence to early older age. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 11:326-337. [PMID: 27019664 PMCID: PMC4784487 DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2015.1081971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined parent-child relationship quality and positive mental well-being using Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development data. Well-being was measured at ages 13-15 (teacher-rated happiness), 36 (life satisfaction), 43 (satisfaction with home and family life) and 60-64 years (Diener Satisfaction With Life scale and Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being scale). The Parental Bonding Instrument captured perceived care and control from the father and mother to age 16, recalled by study members at age 43. Greater well-being was seen for offspring with higher combined parental care and lower combined parental psychological control (p < 0.05 at all ages). Controlling for maternal care and paternal and maternal behavioural and psychological control, childhood social class, parental separation, mother's neuroticism and study member's personality, higher well-being was consistently related to paternal care. This suggests that both mother-child and father-child relationships may have short and long-term consequences for positive mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Stafford
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, LondonWC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Diana L. Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, LondonWC1B 5JU, UK
| | - Catharine R. Gale
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gita Mishra
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, LondonWC1B 5JU, UK
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Madden V, Domoney J, Aumayer K, Sethna V, Iles J, Hubbard I, Giannakakis A, Psychogiou L, Ramchandani P. Intergenerational transmission of parenting: findings from a UK longitudinal study. Eur J Public Health 2015; 25:1030-5. [PMID: 26037954 PMCID: PMC4668327 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of parenting is associated with a wide range of child and adult outcomes, and there is evidence to suggest that some aspects of parenting show patterns of intergenerational transmission. This study aimed to determine whether such intergenerational transmission occurs in mothers and fathers in a UK birth cohort. METHODS The study sample consisted of 146 mothers and 146 fathers who were recruited from maternity wards in England and followed up for 24 months ['Generation 2' (G2)]. Perceptions of their own parenting [by 'Generation1' (G1)] were assessed from G2 parents at 12 months using the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). G2 parents were filmed interacting with their 'Generation 3' (G3) children at 24 months. RESULTS We found that G1 mothers' 'affection' was associated with positive parenting behaviour in the G2 fathers ('positive responsiveness' β = 0.19, P = 0.04 and 'cognitive stimulation' β = 0.26, P < 0.01). G1 mothers' 'control' was associated with negative parenting behaviour in G2 mothers (decreased 'engagement' β = -0.19, P = 0.04), and negative parenting behaviour in G2 fathers (increased 'control' β = 0.18, P = 0.05). None of the G1 fathers' parenting variables were significantly associated with G2 parenting. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence of intergenerational transmission of parenting behaviour in this highly educated UK cohort, with reported parenting of grandmothers associated with observed parenting in both mothers and fathers. No association was seen with reported parenting of grandfathers. This raises the possibility that parenting interventions may have benefits that are realised across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavee Madden
- 1 Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Jill Domoney
- 2 Imperial College, The Centre for Mental Health, London, UK
| | - Katie Aumayer
- 2 Imperial College, The Centre for Mental Health, London, UK
| | - Vaheshta Sethna
- 3 Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Iles
- 4 Academic Unit of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Wei C, Kendall PC. Parental involvement: contribution to childhood anxiety and its treatment. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2015; 17:319-39. [PMID: 25022818 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-014-0170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are prevalent in youth. Despite demonstrated efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), approximately 40% of anxiety-disordered youth remain unresponsive to treatment. Because developmental and etiological models suggest that parental factors are relevant to the onset and maintenance of childhood anxiety, researchers have proposed and investigated family-based interventions with increased parent work in treatment, aiming to improve the efficacy of treatment for childhood anxiety. However, contrary to what theoretical models suggest, data to date did not indicate additive benefit of family-based CBT in comparison with child-centered modality. Is parent/family involvement unnecessary when treating childhood anxiety disorders? Or could there be the need for specificity (tailored family-based treatment) that is guided by a revised conceptualization that improves the implementation of a family-based intervention? The current review examines (1) relevant parental factors that have been found to be associated with the development and maintenance of childhood anxiety and (2) interventions that incorporate parental involvement. Relevant findings are integrated to formulate a "targeted" treatment approach for parental involvement in CBT for youth anxiety. Specifically, there is potential in the assessment of parent/family factors prior to treatment (for appropriateness) followed by a target-oriented implementation of parent training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaying Wei
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Weiss Hall, 1701 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19087, USA,
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Rubin M, Kelly BM. A cross-sectional investigation of parenting style and friendship as mediators of the relation between social class and mental health in a university community. Int J Equity Health 2015; 14:87. [PMID: 26438013 PMCID: PMC4595251 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-015-0227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study tested a novel explanation for the positive relation between social class and mental health among university students. Students with a higher social class were expected to have experienced more authoritative and less authoritarian parenting styles; these parenting styles were expected to lead to greater friendship and social integration at university; and greater friendship and integration were expected to lead to better mental health. Method To test this model, the researchers asked 397 Australian undergraduate students to complete an online survey. The research used a cross-sectional correlational design, and the data was analysed using bootstrapped multiple serial mediation tests. Results Consistent with predictions, parenting style, general friendship and support, and social integration at university mediated the relation between social class and mental health. Conclusions The present results suggest that working-class parenting styles may inhibit the development of socially-supportive friendships that protect against mental health problems. The potential effectiveness of interventions based on (a) social integration and (b) parenting style is discussed. Future research in this area should employ a longitudinal research design in order to arrive at clearer causal conclusions about the relations between social class, parenting styles, friendship, social integration, and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Rubin
- The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.
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Smokowski PR, Bacallao ML, Cotter KL, Evans CBR. The effects of positive and negative parenting practices on adolescent mental health outcomes in a multicultural sample of rural youth. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2015; 46:333-45. [PMID: 24880498 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-014-0474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The quality of parent-child relationships has a significant impact on adolescent developmental outcomes, especially mental health. Given the lack of research on rural adolescent mental health in general and rural parent-child relationships in particular, the current longitudinal study explores how rural adolescents' (N = 2,617) perceptions of parenting practices effect their mental health (i.e., anxiety, depression, aggression, self-esteem, future optimism, and school satisfaction) over a 1 year period. Regression models showed that current parenting practices (i.e., in Year 2) were strongly associated with current adolescent mental health outcomes. Negative current parenting, manifesting in parent-adolescent conflict, was related to higher adolescent anxiety, depression, and aggression and lower self-esteem, and school satisfaction. Past parent-adolescent conflict (i.e., in Year 1) also positively predicted adolescent aggression in the present. Current positive parenting (i.e., parent support, parent-child future orientation, and parent education support) was significantly associated with less depression and higher self-esteem, future optimism, and school satisfaction. Past parent education support was also related to current adolescent future optimism. Implications for practice and limitations were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Smokowski
- Department of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA,
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Assari S, Caldwell CH, Zimmerman MA. Low parental support in late adolescence predicts obesity in young adulthood; Gender differences in a 12-year cohort of African Americans. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:47. [PMID: 26029673 PMCID: PMC4449598 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies that have investigated the link between parenting behaviors and risk of obesity among offsprings have mostly used a cross-sectional design, enrolled Caucasian samples, focused on childhood obesity, and covered aspects of parenting behaviors that directly influence energy balance and food intake of the children. Thus, more longitudinal research is needed on how more general aspects of parenting influence obesity in young ethnic minority adults. The current longitudinal study aimed to test if baseline parental support predicts change in body mass index (BMI) of African Americans, and if this prediction varies based on gender of offspring. METHODS The current study followed 227 young African American adults (109 male and 118 female) for 12 years from year 2000 (mean age 20) to year 2012 (mean age 32). All participants were enrolled from a disadvantaged urban area in the Midwest of the United States. Baseline demographics (age, gender), socio-economics (family structure, and parental employment), psychological symptoms (anxiety and depression), general parental support (maternal support, and paternal support) were measured. BMI was measured at baseline and at follow up. We used gender-specific linear regressions to test the predictive role of baseline paternal and maternal support (year 2000) on change in BMI (from 2000 to 2012). RESULTS Regression analysis showed that among female African American young adults, high baseline maternal support was predictive of a lower increase in BMI from 2000 to 2012. The association remained significant while all covariates were in the model. We could not find such an association for male African American young adults. CONCLUSION High maternal support appears to be protective against increases in BMI among African American female young adults. As parental support is a modifiable factor within available evidence-based interventions that enhance parenting, it should be included in obesity prevention programs for African American women. Policies and programs should support African American mothers in disadvantaged neighborhoods to enable them to provide high levels of parental support for their young adult daughters. Future research should test the efficacy of such programs and policies for reducing obesity among African American women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shervin Assari
- />Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2700 USA
- />Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- />Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 2846 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
| | - Cleopatra Howard Caldwell
- />Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- />Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 2846 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
| | - Marc A. Zimmerman
- />Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 2846 SPH I, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA
- />Prevention Research Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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Jago R, Wood L, Zahra J, Thompson JL, Sebire SJ. Parental control, nurturance, self-efficacy, and screen viewing among 5- to 6-year-old children: a cross-sectional mediation analysis to inform potential behavior change strategies. Child Obes 2015; 11:139-47. [PMID: 25584518 PMCID: PMC4382711 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2014.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's screen viewing (SV) is associated with higher levels of childhood obesity. Many children exceed the American Academy of Pediatrics guideline of 2 hours of television (TV) per day. There is limited information about how parenting styles and parental self-efficacy to limit child screen time are associated with children's SV. This study examined whether parenting styles were associated with the SV of young children and whether any effects were mediated by parental self-efficacy to limit screen time. METHODS Data were from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2013. Child and parent SV were reported by a parent, who also provided information about their parenting practices and self-efficacy to restrict SV. A four-step regression method examined whether parenting styles were associated with the SV of young children. Mediation by parental self-efficacy to limit screen time was examined using indirect effects. RESULTS On a weekday, 90% of children watched TV for <2 hours per day, decreasing to 55% for boys and 58% for girls at weekends. At the weekend, 75% of children used a personal computer at home, compared with 61% during the week. Self-reported parental control, but not nurturance, was associated with children's TV viewing. Parental self-efficacy to limit screen time was independently associated with child weekday TV viewing and mediated associations between parental control and SV. CONCLUSIONS Parental control was associated with lower levels of SV among 5- to 6-year-old children. This association was partially mediated by parental self-efficacy to limit screen time. The development of strategies to increase parental self-efficacy to limit screen-time may be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Wood
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Zahra
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Janice L. Thompson
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Sebire
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Strong DR, Hartman SJ, Nodora J, Messer K, James L, White M, Portnoy DB, Choiniere CJ, Vullo GC, Pierce J. Predictive Validity of the Expanded Susceptibility to Smoke Index. Nicotine Tob Res 2014; 17:862-9. [PMID: 25481915 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The susceptibility to smoking index can be improved as it only identifies one third of future adult smokers. Adding curiosity to this index may increase the identification of future smokers and improve the identification of effective prevention messages. METHODS Analyses used data from the California Longitudinal Study of Smoking Transitions in Youth, for whom tobacco use behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs were assessed at 3 time points from age 12 through early adulthood. Logistic regressions were used to evaluate whether baseline curiosity about smoking was predictive of smoking during the 6-year follow-up period and whether curiosity about smoking provided evidence of incremental validity over existing measures of susceptibility to smoking. RESULTS Compared to those who were classified as definitely not curious about smoking, teens who were classified as probably not curious (OR adj = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.28-2.81) and those classified as definitely curious (OR adj = 2.38, 95% CI= 1.49-3.79) had an increase in the odds of becoming a young adult smoker. Adding curiosity to the original susceptibility to smoking index increased the sensitivity of the enhanced susceptibility index to 78.9% compared to 62.2% identified by the original susceptibility index. However, a loss of specificity meant there was no improvement in the positive predictive value. CONCLUSIONS The enhanced susceptibility index significantly improves identification of teens at risk for becoming young adult smokers. Thus, this enhanced index is preferred for identifying and testing potentially effective prevention messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Strong
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA;
| | - Sheri J Hartman
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jesse Nodora
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Karen Messer
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lisa James
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Martha White
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - David B Portnoy
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Conrad J Choiniere
- Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | | | - John Pierce
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Kumar R, O'Malley PM, Johnston LD. Relationship between School Administrators' Reports of Parental Involvement in School and Students' Substance Use: A National Study. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2014; 23:269-281. [PMID: 26430355 DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2013.869131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between student substance use and school-level parental involvement as reported by administrators. Questionnaires were administered to school administrators and 111,652 students in 1,011 U.S. schools. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses conducted on 1998-2003 data from students and administrators indicate significantly lower prevalence of alcohol use among 8th graders in schools where administrators reported high parental involvement. Overall, administrators' reports of high parental involvement were unrelated to prevalence of substance use among 10th graders, and were associated with higher prevalence of alcohol use among 12th-graders. Implications and limitations are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathy Kumar
- Associate Professor, University of Toledo, and Adjunct Assistant Research Scientist, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, GH5000G, Mail Stop 921, 2810 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio, 43606-3390, Phone# 419-530-2481, Fax # 419-530-8447
| | - Patrick M O'Malley
- Research Professor, Survey Research Center, Institute for, Social Research, University of Michigan, 2320 ISR, 48109-1248
| | - Lloyd D Johnston
- Distinguished Senior Research Scientist, Institute for Social Research and Research, Professor, Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 2320 ISR, 48109-1248
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Van Lissa CJ, Hawk ST, Branje SJT, Koot HM, Van Lier PAC, Meeus WHJ. Divergence between adolescent and parental perceptions of conflict in relationship to adolescent empathy development. J Youth Adolesc 2014; 44:48-61. [PMID: 25012557 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-014-0152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents' developing empathy may be associated with the frequency of conflict with parents, as well as the level of agreement between adolescent and parental perceptions of the frequency of such conflicts. This 6-year longitudinal study investigated the link between adolescent empathy development and perceptions of the frequency of parent-child conflict, as reported by 467 adolescents (43% female, from age 13) and both parents. First, we investigated heterogeneity in empathy development by identifying classes of individuals with similar developmental trajectories. Adolescents were categorized into high-, average-, and low-empathy classes. Initial differences between these classes further increased from age 13 to 16, particularly for cognitive empathy. To assess the association between empathy and the frequency of conflict, we compared these empathy classes in terms of initial levels and over-time changes in the frequency of adolescent- and parent-reported conflict. Compared to the average- and high-empathy classes, the low-empathy class evidenced elevated conflict throughout adolescence. Furthermore, the low- and average-empathy classes demonstrated temporary divergence between adolescent- and parent-reported conflict from early- to mid-adolescence, with adolescents underreporting conflict compared to both parents. Adolescents' agreement with parents was moderated by empathy class, while parents were always in agreement with one another. This may suggest that these discrepancies are related to distortions in adolescents' perceptions, as opposed to biased parental reports. These findings highlight the potential importance of early detection and intervention in empathy deficiencies, and suggest that lower adolescent empathy may indicate elevated family conflict, even if a failure to consider parents' perspective leads adolescents to underreport it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar J Van Lissa
- Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 1, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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McPherson KE, Kerr S, McGee E, Morgan A, Cheater FM, McLean J, Egan J. The association between social capital and mental health and behavioural problems in children and adolescents: an integrative systematic review. BMC Psychol 2014; 2:7. [PMID: 25566380 PMCID: PMC4270040 DOI: 10.1186/2050-7283-2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health is an important component of overall health and wellbeing and crucial for a happy and meaningful life. The prevalence of mental health problems amongst children and adolescent is high; with estimates suggesting 10-20% suffer from mental health problems at any given time. These mental health problems include internalising (e.g. depression and social anxiety) and externalising behavioural problems (e.g. aggression and anti-social behaviour). Although social capital has been shown to be associated with mental health/behavioural problems in young people, attempts to consolidate the evidence in the form of a review have been limited. This integrative systematic review identified and synthesised international research findings on the role and impact of family and community social capital on mental health/behavioural problems in children and adolescents to provide a consolidated evidence base to inform future research and policy development. Methods Nine electronic databases were searched for relevant studies and this was followed by hand searching. Identified literature was screened using review-specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, the data were extracted from the included studies and study quality was assessed. Heterogeneity in study design and outcomes precluded meta-analysis/meta-synthesis, the results are therefore presented in narrative form. Results After screening, 55 studies were retained. The majority were cross-sectional surveys and were conducted in North America (n = 33); seven were conducted in the UK. Samples ranged in size from 29 to 98,340. The synthesised results demonstrate that family and community social capital are associated with mental health/behavioural problems in children and adolescents. Positive parent–child relations, extended family support, social support networks, religiosity, neighbourhood and school quality appear to be particularly important. Conclusions To date, this is the most comprehensive review of the evidence on the relationships that exist between social capital and mental health/behavioural problems in children and adolescents. It suggests that social capital generated and mobilised at the family and community level can influence mental health/problem behaviour outcomes in young people. In addition, it highlights key gaps in knowledge where future research could further illuminate the mechanisms through which social capital works to influence health and wellbeing and thus inform policy development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2050-7283-2-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri E McPherson
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - Susan Kerr
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - Elizabeth McGee
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow, G4 0BA UK
| | - Antony Morgan
- GCU London, 40 Fashion Street, Spitalfields, London, E1 6PX UK
| | - Francine M Cheater
- School of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Jennifer McLean
- Glasgow Centre for Population Health, 1st Floor, House 6, 94 Elmbank Street, Glasgow, G2 4DL UK
| | - James Egan
- Glasgow Centre for Population Health, 1st Floor, House 6, 94 Elmbank Street, Glasgow, G2 4DL UK
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Predicting internalizing problems in Chinese children: the unique and interactive effects of parenting and child temperament. Dev Psychopathol 2014; 25:653-67. [PMID: 23880383 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579413000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The additive and interactive relations of parenting styles (authoritative and authoritarian parenting) and child temperament (anger/frustration, sadness, and effortful control) to children's internalizing problems were examined in a 3.8-year longitudinal study of 425 Chinese children (aged 6-9 years) from Beijing. At Wave 1, parents self-reported on their parenting styles, and parents and teachers rated child temperament. At Wave 2, parents, teachers, and children rated children's internalizing problems. Structural equation modeling indicated that the main effect of authoritative parenting and the interactions of Authoritarian Parenting × Effortful Control and Authoritative Parenting × Anger/Frustration (parents' reports only) prospectively and uniquely predicted internalizing problems. The above results did not vary by child sex and remained significant after controlling for co-occurring externalizing problems. These findings suggest that (a) children with low effortful control may be particularly susceptible to the adverse effect of authoritarian parenting and (b) the benefit of authoritative parenting may be especially important for children with high anger/frustration.
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McPherson KE, Kerr S, Morgan A, McGee E, Cheater FM, McLean J, Egan J. The association between family and community social capital and health risk behaviours in young people: an integrative review. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:971. [PMID: 24138680 PMCID: PMC4015354 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health risk behaviours known to result in poorer outcomes in adulthood are generally established in late childhood and adolescence. These ‘risky’ behaviours include smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use and sexual risk taking. While the role of social capital in the establishment of health risk behaviours in young people has been explored, to date, no attempt has been made to consolidate the evidence in the form of a review. Thus, this integrative review was undertaken to identify and synthesise research findings on the role and impact of family and community social capital on health risk behaviours in young people and provide a consolidated evidence base to inform multi-sectorial policy and practice. Methods Key electronic databases were searched (i.e. ASSIA, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Sociological Abstracts) for relevant studies and this was complemented by hand searching. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied and data was extracted from the included studies. Heterogeneity in study design and the outcomes assessed precluded meta-analysis/meta-synthesis; the results are therefore presented in narrative form. Results Thirty-four papers satisfied the review inclusion criteria; most were cross-sectional surveys. The majority of the studies were conducted in North America (n=25), with three being conducted in the UK. Sample sizes ranged from 61 to 98,340. The synthesised evidence demonstrates that social capital is an important construct for understanding the establishment of health risk behaviours in young people. The different elements of family and community social capital varied in terms of their saliency within each behavioural domain, with positive parent–child relations, parental monitoring, religiosity and school quality being particularly important in reducing risk. Conclusions This review is the first to systematically synthesise research findings about the association between social capital and health risk behaviours in young people. While providing evidence that may inform the development of interventions framed around social capital, the review also highlights key areas where further research is required to provide a fuller account of the nature and role of social capital in influencing the uptake of health risk behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri E McPherson
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health & Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
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Hafen CA, Laursen B, Nurmi JE, Salmela-Aro K. Bullies, victims, and antipathy: the feeling is mutual. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 41:801-9. [PMID: 23344703 PMCID: PMC3665741 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study we consider whether bullies and victims are disliked by most of their classmates, or whether antipathy is concentrated among the occupants of these roles. Antipathy nominations were collected from a community sample of 699 Finnish adolescents (14 to 17 years of age), who described their own bullying and victimization, as well as problem behaviors and school engagement. Victimization was associated with antipathy, but the strength of the association differed according to characteristics of the nominator. Victimization was related to antipathy when the nominator was high on bullying but not low. Similarly, bullying was related to antipathy when the nominator was high on victimization, but not low. The findings indicate that although bullies and victims have elevated mean levels of rejection, they are not disliked by most peers but rather by those who report themselves to be high on these attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Hafen
- Center for Advanced Study of Teaching and Learning, University of Virginia, 350 Old Ivy Way, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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50
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Ng FFY, Pomerantz EM, Deng C. Why are Chinese mothers more controlling than American mothers? "My child is my report card". Child Dev 2013; 85:355-69. [PMID: 23581633 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chinese parents exert more control over children than do American parents. The current research examined whether this is due in part to Chinese parents' feelings of worth being more contingent on children's performance. Twice over a year, 215 mothers and children (Mage = 12.86 years) in China and the United States (European and African American) reported on psychologically controlling parenting. Mothers also indicated the extent to which their worth is contingent on children's performance. Psychologically controlling parenting was higher among Chinese than American mothers, particularly European (vs. African) American mothers. Chinese (vs. American) mothers' feelings of worth were more contingent on children's performance, with this contributing to their heightened psychological control relative to American mothers.
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