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Héma A, Sermé SS, Sawadogo J, Diarra A, Barry A, Ouédraogo AZ, Nébié I, Tiono AB, Houard S, Chakraborty S, Ouédraogo A, Sirima SB. Contribution of the Rapid LAMP-Based Diagnostic Test (RLDT) to the Evaluation of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Shigella in Childhood Diarrhea in the Peri-Urban Area of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2809. [PMID: 38004821 PMCID: PMC10673293 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The estimates of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Shigella burden in developing countries are limited by the lack of rapid, accessible, and sensitive diagnostics and surveillance tools. We used a "Rapid LAMP based Diagnostic Test (RLDT)" to detect ETEC and Shigella in diarrheal and non-diarrheal stool samples from a 12-month longitudinal cohort of children under five years of age in a peri-urban area of Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso (West Africa). To allow comparison with the RLDT-Shigella results, conventional culture methods were used to identify Shigella strains in the stool samples. As conventional culture alone cannot detect ETEC cases, a subset of E. coli-like colonies was tested using conventional PCR to detect ETEC toxins genes. Of the 165 stool samples analyzed for ETEC, 24.9% were positive when using RLDT against 4.2% when using culture followed by PCR. ETEC toxin distribution when using RLDT was STp 17.6% (29/165), LT 11.5% (19/165), and STh 8.5% (14/165). Of the 263 specimens tested for Shigella, 44.8% were positive when using RLDT against 23.2% when using culture. The sensitivity and specificity of the RLDT compared to culture (followed by PCR for ETEC) were 93.44% and 69.8% for Shigella and 83.7% and 77.9% for ETEC, respectively. This study indicates that both Shigella and ETEC are substantially underdiagnosed when using conventional culture and highlights the potential contribution of the new RLDT method to improve enteric disease burden estimation and to guide future efforts to prevent and control bacterial enteric infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimatou Héma
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS), Ouagadougou 06 BP 10248, Burkina Faso; (S.S.S.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.); (A.Z.O.); (I.N.); (A.B.T.); (A.O.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Samuel S. Sermé
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS), Ouagadougou 06 BP 10248, Burkina Faso; (S.S.S.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.); (A.Z.O.); (I.N.); (A.B.T.); (A.O.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Jean Sawadogo
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS), Ouagadougou 06 BP 10248, Burkina Faso; (S.S.S.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.); (A.Z.O.); (I.N.); (A.B.T.); (A.O.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Amidou Diarra
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS), Ouagadougou 06 BP 10248, Burkina Faso; (S.S.S.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.); (A.Z.O.); (I.N.); (A.B.T.); (A.O.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Aissata Barry
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS), Ouagadougou 06 BP 10248, Burkina Faso; (S.S.S.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.); (A.Z.O.); (I.N.); (A.B.T.); (A.O.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Amidou Z. Ouédraogo
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS), Ouagadougou 06 BP 10248, Burkina Faso; (S.S.S.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.); (A.Z.O.); (I.N.); (A.B.T.); (A.O.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Issa Nébié
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS), Ouagadougou 06 BP 10248, Burkina Faso; (S.S.S.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.); (A.Z.O.); (I.N.); (A.B.T.); (A.O.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Alfred B. Tiono
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS), Ouagadougou 06 BP 10248, Burkina Faso; (S.S.S.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.); (A.Z.O.); (I.N.); (A.B.T.); (A.O.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Sophie Houard
- European Vaccine Initiative (EVI), Universitäts Klinikum Heidelberg Vossstrasse 2, Geb. 4040, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Alphonse Ouédraogo
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS), Ouagadougou 06 BP 10248, Burkina Faso; (S.S.S.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.); (A.Z.O.); (I.N.); (A.B.T.); (A.O.); (S.B.S.)
| | - Sodiomon B. Sirima
- Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé (GRAS), Ouagadougou 06 BP 10248, Burkina Faso; (S.S.S.); (J.S.); (A.D.); (A.B.); (A.Z.O.); (I.N.); (A.B.T.); (A.O.); (S.B.S.)
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β-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli Encoding blaCTX-M and blaCMY Genes in Chicken Carcasses from Egypt. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030598. [PMID: 36766128 PMCID: PMC9914308 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli with multidrug resistance and β-lactamase genes may constitute a great public health hazard due to the potential for their transmission to humans through the food chain. This study determined the prevalence, antibiotic resistance profiles, phylogroups, and β-lactamase genes of E. coli isolates from chicken carcasses marketed in Mansoura, Egypt. Interestingly, E. coli was detected in 98% (98/100) of the chicken carcasses examined, which seemed among the highest contamination rates by E. coli worldwide. From the 425 genetically verified uidA gene-positive E. coli, 85 isolates were further studied for antimicrobial resistance profiles, phylogroups, and β-lactamase genes. Interestingly, 89.41% of E. coli (76/85) strains tested against 24 different antibiotics were multidrug-resistant. Of the examined 85 E. coli isolates, 22 (25.88%) isolates harbored blaCTX-M and were resistant to ampicillin, cefazoline, and ceftriaxone, while three of them were resistant to ceftazidime besides. Nine (10.59%) E. coli strains harbored AmpC- β-lactamase blaCMY and were resistant to ampicillin. One isolate co-carried blaCMY and blaCTX-M genes, though it was negative for the blaTEM gene. Of the 35 isolates that harbored either extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and/or AmpC β-lactamase genes, six strains (17.14%) were assigned to pathogenic phylogroup F and one to phylogroup E, whereas 28 (80%) isolates belonged to commensal phylogenetic groups.
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Molecular Study to Detect Escherichia coli in Diarrheic Children and its Antibiotic Resistance. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrheal diseases can lead to infections and cause morbidity and mortality in children. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is an etiological agent, which is considered the major causative agent of diarrhea in children in some developing countries. The aims of this work were to estimate Escherichia coli (E. coli) causing diarrhea in children less than 5 years old, and to detect some biofilm virulence factors and the effect of some antibiotics. For the methodology, a total of 112 specimens were collected from children from two health centers, Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital and Public Health Laboratory (located in Al-Kut city/ and the Wasit province in Iraq). All specimens were grown on simple and rich media. A total of 43 (38.4%) E. coli isolates were identified using different traditional methods, such as biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was used to detect some virulence factor genes that play an important role in the pathogenesis of diarrheic E. coli e.g., 16S rRNA, bfpA, and eaeA. In this study, several antibiotics were used to estimate the sensitivity and resistivity of E. coli isolates. A total of 43 isolates were fully identified as E. coli. These samples were used to detect the virulence factor genes, and 31 (72.1%) and 29 (29.4%) isolates carried bfpA and eaeA, respectively. The preponderance of E. coli isolates were completely resistant to penicillin 43 (100%). Additionally, 33 (76.7%) and 27 (62.8%) isolates were resistant to cephalothin and amoxycillin-clavulanic acid, respectively. Furthermore, the isolates of E. coli isolates showed different levels of sensitivity to antibiotics, including polymyxin B 40 (93%), norfloxacin 38 (88.4%), gentamycin 26 (60.4%), and meropenem 22 (51.2%). In conclusion, diarrheagenic E. coli isolates were the prevalent among diarrheic children. Most isolates showed varying results for the presence of virulence factors. In addition, all isolates were resistant to penicillin and sensitive to polymyxin B.
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Mero S, Timonen S, Lääveri T, Løfberg S, Kirveskari J, Ursing J, Rombo L, Kofoed PE, Kantele A. Prevalence of diarrhoeal pathogens among children under five years of age with and without diarrhoea in Guinea-Bissau. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009709. [PMID: 34587158 PMCID: PMC8504977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood diarrhoea, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income regions, remains scarcely studied in many countries, such as Guinea-Bissau. Stool sample drying enables later qPCR analyses of pathogens without concern about electricity shortages. METHODS Dried stool samples of children under five years treated at the Bandim Health Centre in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau were screened by qPCR for nine enteric bacteria, five viruses, and four parasites. The findings of children having and not having diarrhoea were compared in age groups 0-11 and 12-59 months. RESULTS Of the 429 children- 228 with and 201 without diarrhoea- 96.9% and 93.5% had bacterial, 62.7% and 44.3% viral, and 52.6% and 48.3% parasitic pathogen findings, respectively. Enteroaggregarive Escherichia coli (EAEC; 60.5% versus 66.7%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC; 61.4% versus 62.7%), Campylobacter (53.2% versus 51.8%), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC; 54.4% versus 44.3%) were the most common bacterial pathogens. Diarrhoea was associated with enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)/Shigella (63.3%), ETEC (54.4%), astrovirus (75.0%), norovirus GII (72.6%) and Cryptosporidium (71.2%). The only pathogen associated with severe diarrhoea was EIEC/Shigella (p<0.001). EAEC was found more frequent among the infants, and EIEC/Shigella, Giardia duodenalis and Dientamoeba fragilis among the older children. CONCLUSIONS Stool pathogens proved common among all the children regardless of them having diarrhoea or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sointu Mero
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Meilahti Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research Center, MeiVac, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Timonen
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, HUSLAB, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tinja Lääveri
- Meilahti Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research Center, MeiVac, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sandra Løfberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Ursing
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Danderyds Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Rombo
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research, Sörmland County Council, Eskilstuna, Sweden and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Poul-Erik Kofoed
- Bandim Health Project, Indepth Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Anu Kantele
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Meilahti Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research Center, MeiVac, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Pathogenic Escherichia coli-Specific Bacteriophages and Polyvalent Bacteriophages in Piglet Guts with Increasing Coliphage Numbers after Weaning. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0096621. [PMID: 34160270 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00966-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Postweaning diarrhea in pigs is mainly caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli and is a major source of revenue loss to the livestock industry. Bacteriophages dominate the gut virome and have the potential to regulate bacterial communities and thus influence the intestinal physiology. To determine the biological characterization of intestinal coliphages, we isolated and identified the fecal coliphages of healthy preweaned and postweaned piglets from the Nanjing and Chuzhou pig farms. First, ahead of coliphage isolation, 87 E. coli strains were isolated from healthy or diarrheal fecal samples from three pig farms, of which 8 were pathogenic strains, including enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Of the E. coli strains, 87.3% possessed drug resistance to three antibiotics. Using these 87 E. coli strains as indicator hosts, we isolated 45 coliphages and found a higher abundance in the postweaning stage than in the preweaning stage (24 versus 17 in the Nanjing and 13 versus 4 in the Chuzhou farm). Furthermore, each farm had a single most-prevalent coliphage strain. Pathogenic E. coli-specific bacteriophages were commonly detected (9/10 samples in the Nanjing farm and 7/10 in the Chuzhou farm) in guts of sampled piglets, and most had significant bacteriostatic effects (P < 0.05) on pathogenic E. coli strains. Three polyvalent bacteriophages (N24, N30, and C5) were identified. The N30 and C5 strains showed a genetic identity of 89.67%, with mild differences in infection characteristics. Our findings suggest that pathogenic E. coli-specific bacteriophages as well as polyvalent bacteriophages are commonly present in piglet guts and that weaning is an important event that affects coliphage numbers. IMPORTANCE Previous studies based on metagenomic sequencing reported that gut bacteriophages profoundly influence gut physiology but did not provide information regarding the host range and biological significance. Here, we screened coliphages from the guts of preweaned and postweaned piglets against indicator hosts, which allowed us to identify the pathogenic E. coli-specific bacteriophages and polyvalent bacteriophages in pig farms and quantify their abundance. Our approach complements sequencing methods and provides new insights into the biological characterizations of bacteriophage in the gut along with the ecological effects of intestinal bacteriophages.
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Characteristics of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among patients with acute diarrhea in China, 2009‒2018. J Infect 2021; 83:424-432. [PMID: 34358582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the epidemiological features of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in patients with acute diarrhea in China. Methods An active sentinel surveillance was performed in all-age patients with acute diarrhea in China, 2009‒2018. DEC was isolated and identified by serological assay and PCR from stool samples. Results DEC was determined in 6.68% (6,119/91,651) of the patients, with higher positive rates among females than among males (6.97% vs. 6.46%) and among 18‒59 years patients (7.88%) than among other age groups. Five pathotypes were identified, the most prevalent was enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), followed by enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). Pediatric patients <5 years had higher positive rate of EAEC (2.07%), followed by EPEC (1.81%), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) (0.31%), while the 18‒59 years patients had higher infection of ETEC (2.36%). ETEC and EPEC were more frequently identified in urban than rural areas, with age and gender adjusted positive rate of 1.68% vs. 1.14% respectively, and 1.77% vs. 1.55%, while EIEC and EHEC were more frequently identified in rural areas. Conclusions These findings highlight the epidemiology features of DEC and underscores the need for conducting DEC surveillance.
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Wang B, Deng B, Yong F, Zhou H, Qu C, Zhou Z. Comparison of the fecal microbiomes of healthy and diarrheic captive wild boar. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104377. [PMID: 32653436 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diarrhea caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most common clinical diseases observed in captive wild boars, is usually caused by an imbalance in the gut microbiome, and is responsible for piglets significant mortality. However, little research has been undertaken into the structure and function of the intestinal microbial communities in wild boar with diarrhea influenced by enterotoxigenic E. coli. In this study, fecal samples were collected and 16S-rRNA gene sequencing was used to compare the intestinal microbiome of healthy captive wild boar and wild boar with diarrhea on the same farm. We found that the intestinal microbial diversity of healthy wild boar (HWB) was relatively high, while that of diarrheic wild boar (DWB) was significantly lower. Line Discriminant Analysis Effect Size showed that at the genus level, the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Fusobacterium was significantly higher in DWB. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States analysis showed that the expression of genes in pathways including infectious diseases: bacterial, metabolism of amino acids, membrane transport, and signal transduction was significantly higher in DWB. In summary, this study provides a theoretical basis for the design of appropriate means of diarrhea treatment in captive wild boar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Wang
- Wildlife Resource College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Livestock Service Center of Wujia Town, Rongchang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Yong
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences of Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixia Zhou
- Shehong Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Inspection Station, Suining, China
| | - Chunpu Qu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhengyan Zhou
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, China; Institute of Herpetology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China.
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Schneider UV, Mikkelsen ND, Scheutz F, Friis-Møller A, Lisby G. Nonaplex PCR using Cliffhanger primers to identify diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli from crude lysates of human faecal samples. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199766. [PMID: 29944710 PMCID: PMC6019694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitive, probe-based detection of multiple DNA targets is limited by the competitive reannealing of the antiparallel duplex DNA helix with the complementary DNA strand. To address this, we developed Cliffhanger primers, which create single-stranded DNA overhangs on PCR amplicons while simultaneously increasing the multiplex PCR efficacy and allowing PCR amplification using crude lysates of human faecal samples. A multiplex PCR that targeted eight genes from diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli plus an internal control was performed and compared to a routine method that consisted of culture followed by multiplex PCR with fragment length separation. A total of 2515 clinical faecal samples from patients with diarrhoea were tested using both methods, and there was a significant increase in clinical sensitivity and negative predictive value with the Cliffhanger method for seven out of eight genes. All Cliffhanger-only positive samples were confirmed by Sanger sequencing of the PCR amplicon. Notably, the Cliffhanger method reduced the total sample turn-around time in the laboratory from 20 hours to 6 hours. Hence, use of Cliffhanger primers increased assay robustness, decreased turn-around time and increased PCR efficacy. This increased the overall clinical sensitivity without the loss of specificity for a heavily multiplexed PCR assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uffe Vest Schneider
- Anapa Biotech A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
- Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Flemming Scheutz
- The International Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Escherichia and Klebsiella, Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alice Friis-Møller
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Gorm Lisby
- Anapa Biotech A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark
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Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Recovered from Wastewater Treatment Plants in Eastern Cape South Africa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061237. [PMID: 29895735 PMCID: PMC6025339 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are designed to eliminate organic matter and pathogens but most WWTPs discharges antimicrobial resistance pathogens into aquatic milieu. The study aimed to examine the antibiotics resistant patterns and the presence of some resistance genes among E. coli isolates from WWTPs effluents. Water were collected from WWTPs final effluents, filtered through nitrocellulose membrane and the filter papers were placed on chromogenic agar plates, incubated for 24 h at 37 °C. Presumptive E. coli isolates (173) were obtained from the culture method. From the presumptive E. coli isolates screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 111 isolates were positive and the positive isolates were further screened for six diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes (EPEC, ETEC, EHEC, DAEC, EIEC, and EAEC) and from the pathotypes screened, nine isolates harboured daaE gene. The phenotypic susceptibility patterns of the 111 isolates to 12 antibiotics were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. All the isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin. From the resistance genes screened, 31 isolates harboured mcr-1 gene and nine isolates harboured ermA gene. The study reveals that water samples recovered from the final effluents of WWTPs may likely be one of the major sources of antibiotic-resistant in Escherichia coli.
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Bako E, Kagambèga A, Traore KA, Bagre TS, Ibrahim HB, Bouda SC, Bonkoungou IJO, Kaboré S, Zongo C, Traore AS, Barro N. Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Isolated in Organic Waste Products (Cattle Fecal Matter, Manure and, Slurry) from Cattle's Markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101100. [PMID: 28937656 PMCID: PMC5664601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cattle farming can promote diarrheal disease transmission through waste, effluents or cattle fecal matter. The study aims to characterize the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) isolated from cattle feces, manure in the composting process and slurry, collected from four cattle markets in Ouagadougou. A total of 585 samples (340 cattle feces, 200 slurries and 45 manures in the composting process) were collected from the four cattle markets between May 2015 and May 2016. A multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), namely 16-plex PCR, was used to screen simultaneously the virulence genes specific for shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). DEC was detected in 10.76% of samples. ETEC was the most prevalent (9.91%). STEC and EAEC have been observed with the same rate (0.51%). ETEC were detected in 12.64% of cattle feces, in 6.66% of manure in the composting process and in 5% of slurry. STEC were detected in 0.58% of cattle feces and in 2.22% of manure in the composting process. EAEC was detected only in 1% of slurry and in 2.22% of manure in the composting process. ETEC strains were identified based on estIa gene and/or estIb gene and/or elt gene amplification. Of the 58 ETEC, 10.34% contained astA, 17.24% contained elt, 3.44% contained estIa and 79.31% contained estIb. The two positive EAEC strains contained only the aggR gene, and the third was positive only for the pic gene. The results show that effluent from cattle markets could contribute to the spreading of DEC in the environment in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evariste Bako
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Assèta Kagambèga
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
- Institut de Sciences, 01 BP 1757 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Kuan Abdoulaye Traore
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Touwendsida Serge Bagre
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Hadiza Bawa Ibrahim
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Soutongnooma Caroline Bouda
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Isidore Juste Ouindgueta Bonkoungou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Saidou Kaboré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
- Direction de la Nutrition, Ministère de la Santé, 03 BP 7068 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Cheikna Zongo
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et d'Immunologie Appliquée (LABIA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7131 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Alfred Sababenejo Traore
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7131 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments (LaBESTA), Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN), Université Ouaga I Prof Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.
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Konaté A, Dembélé R, Guessennd NK, Kouadio FK, Kouadio IK, Ouattara MB, Kaboré WAD, Kagambèga A, Cissé H, Ibrahim HB, Bagré TS, Traoré AS, Barro N. Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes of Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli Responsible for Infantile Gastroenteritis in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2017; 7:168-175. [PMID: 29034106 PMCID: PMC5632744 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2017.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and persistence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) causing acute diarrhea is a major public health challenge in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance phenotypes of DEC isolated from stool samples collected from children less than 5 years of age with acute diarrhea living in Ouagadougou/Burkina Faso. From August 2013 to October 2015, this study was carried out on 31 DEC strains of our study conducted in "Centre Médical avec Antenne Chirurgicale (CMA)" Paul VI and CMA of Schiphra. DEC were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to further characterize them. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done based on the disk diffusion method. DEC isolates were high resistant to tetracycline (83.9%), amoxicillin (77.4%), amoxicillin clavulanic acid (77.4%), piperacillin (64.5%), and colistin sulfate (61.3%). The most resistant phenotype represented was the extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype (67.7%). Aminoglycosides were 100% active on enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). All the DEC isolates exhibited absolute (100%) sensitivity to ciprofloxacin. Monitoring and studying the resistance profile of DEC to antibiotics are necessary to guide probabilistic antibiotic therapy, especially in pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Konaté
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - René Dembélé
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Nathalie K. Guessennd
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie/Unité des Antibiotiques, des Substances Naturelles et de la Surveillance des Résistances des Micro-Organismes aux Anti-Infectieux (ASSURMI)/Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie/Unité de Formation et de Recherches des Sciences Médicales/Université Félix Houphouët Boigny, 01 BP V34 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire, Africa
| | - Fernique Konan Kouadio
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie/Unité des Antibiotiques, des Substances Naturelles et de la Surveillance des Résistances des Micro-Organismes aux Anti-Infectieux (ASSURMI)/Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01
| | - Innocent Kouamé Kouadio
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie/Unité des Antibiotiques, des Substances Naturelles et de la Surveillance des Résistances des Micro-Organismes aux Anti-Infectieux (ASSURMI)/Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01
| | - Mohamed Baguy Ouattara
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie/Unité des Antibiotiques, des Substances Naturelles et de la Surveillance des Résistances des Micro-Organismes aux Anti-Infectieux (ASSURMI)/Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01
| | - Wendpoulomdé A. D. Kaboré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Assèta Kagambèga
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Haoua Cissé
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Hadiza Bawa Ibrahim
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Touwendsida Serge Bagré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Alfred S. Traoré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso, Africa
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12
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Konaté A, Dembélé R, Kagambèga A, Soulama I, Kaboré WAD, Sampo E, Cissé H, Sanou A, Serme S, Zongo S, Zongo C, Fody AM, Guessennd NK, Traoré AS, Gassama-Sow A, Barro N. Molecular Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli in Children Less Than 5 Years of Age with Diarrhea in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2017; 7:220-228. [PMID: 29034111 PMCID: PMC5632749 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2017.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is important bacteria of children’s endemic and epidemic diarrhea worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of DEC isolated from stool samples collected from children with acute diarrhea living in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. From August 2013 to October 2015, stool samples were collected from 315 children under 5 years of age suffering from diarrhea in the “Centre Médical avec Antenne Chirurgicale (CMA)” Paul VI and the CMA of Schiphra. E. coli were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods, and the 16-plex PCR method was used to further characterize them. Four hundred and nineteen (419) E. coli strains were characterized, of which 31 (7.4%) DEC pathotypes were identified and classified in five E. coli pathotypes: 15 enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (48.4%), 8 enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) (25.8%) with 4 typical EPEC and 4 atypical EPEC, 4 enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) (12.9%), 3 enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) 9.67%, and 1 enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) 3.2%. The use of multiplex PCR as a routine in clinical laboratory for the detection of DEC would be a useful mean for a rapid management of an acute diarrhea in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Konaté
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - René Dembélé
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Assèta Kagambèga
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Issiaka Soulama
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), 01 BP 2208 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Wendpoulomdé A D Kaboré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Emmanuel Sampo
- Centre Médical avec Antenne Chirurgicale (CMA) de Schiphra, 07 BP 5246 Ouagadougou 07, Burkina Faso
| | - Haoua Cissé
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Antoine Sanou
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), 01 BP 2208 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Samuel Serme
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), 01 BP 2208 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Soumanaba Zongo
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme (CNRFP), 01 BP 2208 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Cheikna Zongo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Alio Mahamadou Fody
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.,Laboratoire de Biochimie Hôpital National de Niamey (HNN) BP 238, Niamey, Niger
| | - Nathalie K Guessennd
- Département de bactériologie et de virologie, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire (IPCI), 01 BP 490, Abidjan 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Alfred S Traoré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Amy Gassama-Sow
- Unité de Bactériologie Expérimentale/Institut Pasteur de Dakar, BP 220 Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Épidémiologie et de Surveillance des Bactéries et virus Transmissibles par les Aliments (LaBESTA)/Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques, Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles (CRSBAN)/Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies (EDST)/Université Ouaga I Professeur Joseph KI-ZERBO, 03 BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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Das A, Natarajan M, Mandal J. The Emergence of Quinolone Resistant Shigella sonnei, Pondicherry, India. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160290. [PMID: 27494616 PMCID: PMC4975386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin resistant Shigella sonnei across the globe have been increasing alarmingly. In order to understand the emergence of S.sonnei with respect to ciprofloxacin resistance in our patient population, the following study was carried out. Of the 184 Shigella sp. Isolated from 2012 to 2015, 34 S.sonnei which were confirmed by standard methods and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing were selected. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16/34 quinolone resistant isolates tested ranged from 4micrograms/ml to 16micrograms/ml for ciprofloxacin, from 16 micrograms/ml to 64 micrograms/ml for ofloxacin and from 16micrograms/ml to 64micrograms/ml for levofloxacin. Sequence determination of the quinolone resistance determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes showed mutations in GyrA at Gln69/Trp, Phe71/Ser, Ser72/Pro, Met75/Leu, Ser90/Cys, Met94/Leu, His106/Pro, Asn161/His, Thr163/Ala and in ParC at Ala64/Asp. Among the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQRs) targets investigated,qnrB was the most (93.7%) prevalent followed by qnrC (18.7%). None hadqnrA, qnrS and qepA. Two (0.1%) of the isolates harboured theaac(6’)-lb gene. Drug accumulation assay detected the presence of efflux pump activity in 9/15 (60%) among ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. All isolates harboured the ipaH gene followed by ial (17.6%), sen (11.7%), set1A&set1B (5.8%) genes. None had stx1 element. PCR for Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) sequences resulted in 4 unique clusters, of which Type III was the most (44%) dominant but there was no correlation between the ERIC types and the antibiotic resistance pattern or the virulence profile. A documented increase in S.sonnei harbouring the qnrgenes and some unusual genes like set1Aand indicate an ongoing process of horizontal gene transfer. The accumulation of novel mutations in GyrA and ParC in the presence of efflux pump and PMQR genes contributed to the raised MIC to quinolones. These findings are crucial in our understanding of quinolone resistance in these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Das
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - Mailan Natarajan
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - Jharna Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
- * E-mail:
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Hosseini Nave H, Mansouri S, Taati Moghadam M, Moradi M. Virulence Gene Profile and Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis (MLVA) of Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) Isolates From Patients With Diarrhea in Kerman, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e33529. [PMID: 27635212 PMCID: PMC5013238 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.33529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) isolates cause dysentery in humans. Several virulence factors associated with EIEC pathogenesis have been characterized. Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) is a PCR-based method that has been used for genotyping bacterial pathogens. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of virulence factor genes in EIEC isolates from patients with diarrhea in Kerman, Iran, as well as the genetic relationships between these isolates. Patients and Methods A total of 620 diarrheic stool samples were collected from patients attending two hospitals in Kerman from June 2013 to August 2014. All isolates were confirmed as EIEC by PCR for the ipaH gene. The EIEC isolates were evaluated by PCR for the presence of nine virulence genes (ial, set1A, sen, virF, invE, sat, sigA, pic, and sepA). MLVA was performed for all EIEC isolates. Results A total of 11 EIEC isolates were identified, and all were positive for the ial gene. The invE and virF genes were observed in 81.8% of the isolates, while sen, sigA, and pic were detected in 72.7%, 63.6%, and 27.3% of the isolates, respectively. None of the isolates were positive for the sat, set, and sepA genes. Using MLVA, the 11 total isolates were divided into five types. Conclusions By studying the profiles of virulence genes and MLVA, it can be concluded that EIEC isolates do not have high heterogeneity and are derived from a limited number of clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseini Nave
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Shahla Mansouri
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Majid Taati Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Moradi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Mohammad Moradi, Department of Microbiology and Virology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9133431607, E-mail:
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Bado AR, Susuman AS, Nebie EI. Trends and risk factors for childhood diarrhea in sub-Saharan countries (1990-2013): assessing the neighborhood inequalities. Glob Health Action 2016; 9:30166. [PMID: 27174860 PMCID: PMC4865764 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v9.30166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrheal diseases are a major cause of child mortality and one of the main causes of medical consultation for children in sub-Saharan countries. This paper attempts to determine the risk factors and neighborhood inequalities of diarrheal morbidity among under-5 children in selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa over the period 1990-2013. DESIGN Data used come from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) waves conducted in Burkina Faso (1992-93, 1998-99, 2003, and 2010), Mali (1995, 2001, 2016, and 2012), Nigeria (1990, 1999, 2003, 2008, and 2013), and Niger (1992, 1998, 2006, and 2012). Bivariate analysis was performed to assess the association between the dependent variable and each of the independent variables. Multilevel logistic regression modelling was used to determine the fixed and random effects of the risk factors associated with diarrheal morbidity. RESULTS The findings showed that the proportion of diarrheal morbidity among under-5 children varied considerably across the cohorts of birth from 10 to 35%. There were large variations in the proportion of diarrheal morbidity across countries. The proportions of diarrheal morbidity were higher in Niger compared with Burkina Faso, Mali, and Nigeria. The risk factors of diarrheal morbidity varied from one country to another, but the main factors included the child's age, size of the child at birth, the quality of the main floor material, mother's education and her occupation, type of toilet, and place of residence. The analysis shows an increasing trend of diarrheal inequalities according to DHS rounds. In Burkina Faso, the value of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.04 for 1993 DHS and 0.09 in 2010 DHS; in Mali, the ICC increased from 0.04 in 1995 to 0.16 in 2012; in Nigeria, the ICC increased from 0.13 in 1990 to 0.19 in 2013; and in Niger, the ICC increased from 0.07 in 1992 to 0.11 in 2012. CONCLUSIONS This suggests the need to fight against diarrheal diseases on both the local and community levels across villages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristide R Bado
- Department of Statistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Sathiya Susuman
- Department of Statistics and Population Studies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa;
| | - Eric I Nebie
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna (CRSN), Nouna, Burkina Faso
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Trainor E, Iturriza-Gómara M, Ngwira B, Cunliffe N. Detection of enterotoxigenic E. coli in hospitalised children with and without diarrhoea in Blantyre, Malawi. Paediatr Int Child Health 2016; 36:102-5. [PMID: 25940596 DOI: 10.1179/2046905515y.0000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhoea among children in developing countries. The burden of ETEC infection was investigated for the first time in children in Malawi. METHODS Faecal samples obtained from children < 5 years of age hospitalised with diarrhoea in Blantyre, Malawi over a 10-year period (1997-2007) before introduction of the rotavirus vaccine were examined by PCR for ETEC heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (STh and STp) enterotoxins. Children hospitalised without diarrhoea were enrolled over a 2-year period as a comparison group. RESULTS ETEC was detected in 205 (10.6%) of 1941 children with diarrhoea. The most prevalent toxin type was STh (6·6%), followed by LT (2·1%) and STp (0·9%). ETEC infection was most prevalent in infants aged 6-11 months. Co-infection with rotavirus was common. ETEC was detected in 37 (7·3%) of 507 children without diarrhoea. CONCLUSION The burden of ETEC infection in young Malawian children is substantial and should become a focus of diarrhoea prevention efforts in the post-rotavirus vaccine era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Trainor
- a Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health , University of Liverpool , UK
| | - Miren Iturriza-Gómara
- a Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health , University of Liverpool , UK
| | - Bagrey Ngwira
- b Department of Community Health, College of Medicine , University of Malawi, Blantyre , Malawi
| | - Nigel Cunliffe
- a Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection and Global Health , University of Liverpool , UK
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Hosseini Nave H, Mansouri S, Emaneini M, Moradi M. Distribution of genes encoding virulence factors and molecular analysis of Shigella spp. isolated from patients with diarrhea in Kerman, Iran. Microb Pathog 2015; 92:68-71. [PMID: 26654792 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Shigella is one of the important causes of diarrhea worldwide. Shigella has several virulence factors contributing in colonization and invasion of epithelial cells and eventually death of host cells. The present study was performed in order to investigate the distribution of virulence factors genes in Shigella spp. isolated from patients with acute diarrhea in Kerman, Iran as well as the genetic relationship of these isolates. A total of 56 isolates including 31 S. flexneri, 18 S. sonnei and 7 S. boydii were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of 11 virulence genes (ipaH, ial, set1A, set1B, sen, virF, invE, sat, sigA, pic and sepA). Then, the clonal relationship of these strains was analyzed by multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) method. All isolates were positive for ipaH gene. The other genes include ial, invE and virF were found in 80.4%, 60.7% and 67.9% of the isolates, respectively. Both set1A and set1B were detected in 32.3% of S. flexneri isolates, whereas 66.1% of the isolates belonging to different serogroup carried sen gene. The sat gene was present in all S. flexneri isolates, but not in the S. sonnei and S. boydii isolates. The result showed, 30.4% of isolates were simultaneously positive and the rest of the isolates were negative for sepA and pic genes. The Shigella isolates were divided into 29 MLVA types. This study, for the first time, investigated distribution of 11 virulence genes in Shigella spp. Our results revealed heterogeneity of virulence genes in different Shigella serogroups. Furthermore, the strains belonging to the same species had little diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseini Nave
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahla Mansouri
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moradi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Rene D, Isidore JOB, Ali K, Gertrude BT, Hadiza IB, Evariste B, T SB, Asseta K, Cheikna Z, Alfred ST, Nicolas B. Serotyping and antimicrobial resistance of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157 isolated from children under five years of age with diarrhea in rural Burkina Faso. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2015.7448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Saeed A, Abd H, Sandstrom G. Microbial aetiology of acute diarrhoea in children under five years of age in Khartoum, Sudan. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:432-437. [PMID: 25713206 PMCID: PMC4635512 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhoea is one of leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent estimations suggested the number of deaths is close to 2.5 million. This study examined the causative agents of diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age in suburban areas of Khartoum, Sudan. A total of 437 stool samples obtained from children with diarrhoea were examined by culture and PCR for bacteria, by microscopy and PCR for parasites and by immunoassay for detection of rotavirus A. Of the 437 samples analysed, 211 (48 %) tested positive for diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli, 96 (22 %) for rotavirus A, 36 (8 %) for Shigella spp., 17 (4 %) for Salmonella spp., 8 (2 %) for Campylobacter spp., 47 (11 %) for Giardia intestinalis and 22 (5 %) for Entamoeba histolytica. All isolates of E. coli (211, 100 %) and Salmonella (17, 100 %), and 30 (83 %) isolates of Shigella were sensitive to chloramphenicol; 17 (100 %) isolates of Salmonella, 200 (94 %) isolates of E. coli and (78 %) 28 isolates of Shigella spp. were sensitive to gentamicin. In contrast, resistance to ampicillin was demonstrated in 100 (47 %) isolates of E. coli and 16 (44 %) isolates of Shigella spp. In conclusion, E. coli proved to be the main cause of diarrhoea in young children in this study, followed by rotavirus A and protozoa. Determination of diarrhoea aetiology and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of diarrhoeal pathogens and improved hygiene are important for clinical management and controlled strategic planning to reduce the burden of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Saeed
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology F 68 and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hadi Abd
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology F 68 and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Sandstrom
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology F 68 and Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Fernandes MR, Ignacio A, Martins FH, Rocha LB, Piazza RMF, Vaz TMI, Avila-Campos MJ, Nakano V. Presence of Shiga toxin 2e-producing Escherichia coli and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli in an asymptomatic child. JMM Case Rep 2014; 1:e000001. [PMID: 28663801 PMCID: PMC5415922 DOI: 10.1099/jmmcr.0.000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Escherichia coli causes gastroenteritis in humans and animals. Case presentation: In this study, both Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains were identified in a stool sample from a healthy child, and they were serotyped as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) ONT : H19 and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) O37 : H45. Conclusion: This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a concomitant presence of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) strains in an asymptomatic child. None of the microorganisms was able to produce diarrhoea, maybe because they were transient bacteria or because of the good immune status of the child. Attention should be paid to this result and it could be of interest in vaccine prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Rodriguez Fernandes
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Ignacio
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia B Rocha
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tânia M I Vaz
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Julio Avila-Campos
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Viviane Nakano
- Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bonkoungou IJO, Haukka K, Österblad M, Hakanen AJ, Traoré AS, Barro N, Siitonen A. Bacterial and viral etiology of childhood diarrhea in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. BMC Pediatr 2013; 13:36. [PMID: 23506294 PMCID: PMC3616825 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-13-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea is the most frequent health problem among children in developing countries. This study investigated the bacterial and viral etiology and related clinical and epidemiological factors in children with acute diarrhea in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. METHODS Stool specimens were collected from 283 children under 5 years of age visiting hospital due to acute diarrhea and from 60 healthy controls of similar age. Pathogens were investigated by using conventional culture techniques, PCR and immunochromatographic testing. Salmonella and Shigella strains were serotyped and their susceptibility to 23 antimicrobial agents was determined by the agar dilution method. RESULTS At least one pathogen was detected in 64% of the 283 patients and in 8% of the 60 controls (p < 0.001). Rotavirus was found in 30% of the patients, followed by diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (24%), Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica (9%), Shigella spp. (6%), adenovirus (5%) and Campylobacter spp. (2%). Multiple pathogens were found in 11% of the patients and in 2% of the controls (p = 0.028). Viruses were found mainly in children of ≤ 2 years of age, whereas bacteria were equally prevalent among all the age groups. Viral infections occurred mostly during the cool dry season and the bacterial infections during the rainy season. Fever (64%) and vomiting (61%) were the most common symptoms associated with diarrhea. Only one Salmonella strain was resistant to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Of the Shigella strains, one was resistant to nalidixic acid but 81% to trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole, 63% to streptomycin and 50% to ampicillin. Most of all the other Salmonella and Shigella strains were sensitive to all antimicrobials tested. CONCLUSION Rotaviruses and diarrheal E. coli were the most predominant pathogens associated with acute diarrhea in Burkinabe children. Constant antimicrobial surveillance is warranted to observe for the emergence of enteric bacteria resistant to antimicrobials that are important in treatment also of severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidore Juste O Bonkoungou
- Bacteriology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Epidémiologie et Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus transmis par les Aliments, CRSBAN/UFR-SVT, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou 09 BP 24, Burkina Faso
| | - Kaisa Haukka
- Bacteriology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, Division of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Monica Österblad
- Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 57, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Antti J Hakanen
- Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 57, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Alfred S Traoré
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Epidémiologie et Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus transmis par les Aliments, CRSBAN/UFR-SVT, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d’Epidémiologie et Surveillance des Bactéries et Virus transmis par les Aliments, CRSBAN/UFR-SVT, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou 03 BP 7021, Burkina Faso
| | - Anja Siitonen
- Bacteriology Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland
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Martikainen O, Kagambèga A, Bonkoungou IJ, Barro N, Siitonen A, Haukka K. Characterization of ShigatoxigenicEscherichia coliStrains from Burkina Faso. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:1015-21. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Outi Martikainen
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Assèta Kagambèga
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments, CRSBAN, Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, UFR-SVT, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Isidore Juste Bonkoungou
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments, CRSBAN, Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, UFR-SVT, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire National de Santé Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Nicolas Barro
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance Bactéries et Virus Transmis par les Aliments, CRSBAN, Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, UFR-SVT, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Anja Siitonen
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Haukka
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Kagambèga A, Martikainen O, Siitonen A, Traoré AS, Barro N, Haukka K. Prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli virulence genes in the feces of slaughtered cattle, chickens, and pigs in Burkina Faso. Microbiologyopen 2012; 1:276-84. [PMID: 23170227 PMCID: PMC3496972 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the prevalence of the virulence genes specific for five major pathogroups of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) in primary cultures from feces of animals slaughtered for human consumption in Burkina Faso. For the study, 704 feces samples were collected from cattle (n = 304), chickens (n = 350), and pigs (n = 50) during carcass processing. The presence of the virulence-associated genes in the mixed bacterial cultures was assessed using 16-plex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Virulence genes indicating presence of DEC were detected in 48% of the cattle, 48% of the chicken, and 68% of the pig feces samples. Virulence genes specific for different DECs were detected in the following percentages of the cattle, chicken, and pig feces samples: Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) in 37%, 6%, and 30%; enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) in 8%, 37%, and 32%; enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) in 4%, 5%, and 18%; and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) in 7%, 6%, and 32%. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) virulence genes were detected in 1% of chicken feces samples only. The study was the first of its kind in Burkina Faso and revealed the common occurrence of the diarrheal virulence genes in feces of food animals. This indicates that food animals are reservoirs of DEC that may contaminate meat because of the defective slaughter and storage conditions and pose a health risk to the consumers in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assèta Kagambèga
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) P.O. Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland ; Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, d'Epidémiologie et de Surveillance bactéries et virus transmis par les aliments; CRSBAN, Département de Biochimie-Microbiologie, UFR-SVT/Université de Ouagadougou 03 B.P. 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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Kagambèga A, Barro N, Traoré AS, Siitonen A, Haukka K. Characterization of Salmonella enterica and detection of the virulence genes specific to diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from poultry carcasses in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:589-93. [PMID: 22551070 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One hundred chicken carcasses purchased from three markets selling poultry in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, between June 2010 and October 2010 were examined for their microbiological quality. The presence of Salmonella was investigated using standard bacteriological procedures, and the isolates obtained were serotyped and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The presence of virulence-associated genes of the five main pathogroups of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli-Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli, and enteroinvasive E. coli-was investigated using 16-plex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the mixed bacterial cultures from the poultry samples. Of the 100 chicken carcasses studied, 57 were contaminated by Salmonella; 16 different serotypes were identified, the most frequent being Salmonella Derby, found in 28 samples. Four Salmonella strains were resistant to tetracycline, and two were resistant to streptomycin. Based on the PCR detection of the virulence genes, in total, 45 carcasses were contaminated by three pathogroups of E. coli: STEC, EPEC, or EAEC. The STEC and EPEC virulence genes were detected on six and 39 carcasses, respectively. EAEC virulence genes were only detected in combination with those of EPEC (on 11 carcasses) or STEC (on two carcasses). The STEC-positive carcasses contained the genes stx(1), stx(2), eaeA, escV, and ent in different combinations. None of the EPEC-positive carcasses contained the bfp gene, indicating that only atypical EPEC was present. EAEC virulence genes detected were aggR and/or pic. The high proportion of chicken carcasses contaminated by Salmonella and diarrheagenic E. coli indicates a potential food safety risk for consumers and highlights the necessity of public awareness of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assèta Kagambèga
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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Kagambèga A, Martikainen O, Lienemann T, Siitonen A, Traoré AS, Barro N, Haukka K. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli detected by 16-plex PCR in raw meat and beef intestines sold at local markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 153:154-8. [PMID: 22130499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the prevalence of five major Escherichia coli pathogroups in raw meats and beef intestines sold at the local markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. One hundred and twenty samples (36 beef, 36 beef intestine, 24 mutton and 24 chicken samples) were purchased from four markets between October 2008 and February 2009. Fifteen virulence genes specific for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) were examined using 16-plex PCR for mixed bacterial cultures derived from the samples. One or more diarrheagenic E. coli pathogroup was detected in 51 (43%) of all the 120 samples: in 16 (44%) beef, 19 (53%) beef intestine, 9 (38%) mutton and in 7 (29%) chicken samples. Thirty three (28%) samples were positive for stx(1) and/or stx(2) indicating presence of STEC. EPEC virulence markers (eae, escV and/or ent and/or bfp and/or EHEC-hlyA) were detected in 14 (12%) stx-negative samples. ETEC virulence markers (elt and/or estIb and/or estIa) were detected in 10 (8%) samples and EAEC virulence markers (pic or aggR) in 5 (4%) samples. No EIEC was detected. The results show that in Burkina Faso the microbiological quality of retail meat is alarmingly poor due to the common occurrence of diarrheagenic E. coli bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assèta Kagambèga
- Bacteriology Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
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