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Shibata S, Endo S, Nagai LAE, H. Kobayashi E, Oike A, Kobayashi N, Kitamura A, Hori T, Nashimoto Y, Nakato R, Hamada H, Kaji H, Kikutake C, Suyama M, Saito M, Yaegashi N, Okae H, Arima T. Modeling embryo-endometrial interface recapitulating human embryo implantation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi4819. [PMID: 38394208 PMCID: PMC10889356 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The initiation of human pregnancy is marked by the implantation of an embryo into the uterine environment; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. To address this knowledge gap, we developed hormone-responsive endometrial organoids (EMO), termed apical-out (AO)-EMO, which emulate the in vivo architecture of endometrial tissue. The AO-EMO comprise an exposed apical epithelium surface, dense stromal cells, and a self-formed endothelial network. When cocultured with human embryonic stem cell-derived blastoids, the three-dimensional feto-maternal assembloid system recapitulates critical implantation stages, including apposition, adhesion, and invasion. Endometrial epithelial cells were subsequently disrupted by syncytial cells, which invade and fuse with endometrial stromal cells. We validated this fusion of syncytiotrophoblasts and stromal cells using human blastocysts. Our model provides a foundation for investigating embryo implantation and feto-maternal interactions, offering valuable insights for advancing reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Shibata
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Research and Development Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Osaka 544-8666, Japan
| | - Shun Endo
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Luis A. E. Nagai
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Eri H. Kobayashi
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Oike
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Trophoblast Research, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Norio Kobayashi
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Akane Kitamura
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hori
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Nakato
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Hamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Chie Kikutake
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mikita Suyama
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Trophoblast Research, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Pathare ADS, Saare M, Meltsov A, Lawarde A, Modhukur V, Kalinina A, Sekavin A, Kukushkina V, Karro H, Salumets A, Peters M. The cervical transcriptome changes during the menstrual cycle but does not predict the window of implantation. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2023; 5:1224919. [PMID: 37519341 PMCID: PMC10375708 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2023.1224919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The expression of genes in female reproductive organs is influenced by the cyclic changes in hormone levels during the menstrual cycle. While the molecular changes in the endometrium that facilitate embryo implantation have been extensively studied, there is limited knowledge about the impact of the menstrual cycle on cervical cells. Cervical cells can be easily and routinely collected using a cytobrush during gynecological examination, offering a standardized approach for diagnostic testing. In this study we investigated how the transcriptome of cervical cells changes during the menstrual cycle and assessed the utility of these cells to determine endometrial receptivity. Methods Endocervical cells were collected with cytobrushes from 16 healthy women at different menstrual cycle phases in natural cycles and from four women undergoing hormonal replacement cycles. RNA sequencing was applied to gain insight into the transcriptome of cervical cells. Results Transcriptome analysis identified four differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between early- and mid-secretory samples, suggesting that the transcriptome of cervical cells does not change significantly during the opening of the implantation window. The most differences appeared during the transition to the late secretory phase (2136 DEGs) before the onset of menstruation. Cervical cells collected during hormonal replacement cycles showed 1899 DEGs enriched in immune system processes. Conclusions The results of our study suggested that cervical cells undergo moderate transcriptomic changes throughout the menstrual cycle; however, these changes do not reflect the gene expression pattern of endometrial tissue and offer little or no potential for endometrial receptivity diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta D. S. Pathare
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Merli Saare
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alvin Meltsov
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ankita Lawarde
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vijayachitra Modhukur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Aire Sekavin
- Women’s Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Helle Karro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Women’s Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maire Peters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
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Wang P, Ma J, Li W, Wang Q, Xiao Y, Jiang Y, Gu X, Wu Y, Dong S, Guo H, Li M. Profiling the metabolome of uterine fluid for early detection of ovarian cancer. Cell Rep Med 2023:101061. [PMID: 37267943 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) causes high mortality in women because of ineffective biomarkers for early diagnosis. Here, we perform metabolomics analysis on an initial training set of uterine fluid from 96 gynecological patients. A seven-metabolite-marker panel consisting of vanillylmandelic acid, norepinephrine, phenylalanine, beta-alanine, tyrosine, 12-S-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid, and crithmumdiol is established for detecting early-stage OC. The panel is further validated in an independent sample set from 123 patients, discriminating early OC from controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.957 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.894-1). Interestingly, we find elevated norepinephrine and decreased vanillylmandelic acid in most OC cells, resulting from excess 4-hydroxyestradiol that antagonizes the catabolism of norepinephrine by catechol-O-methyltransferase. Moreover, exposure to 4-hydroxyestradiol induces cellular DNA damage and genomic instability that could lead to tumorigenesis. Thus, this study not only reveals metabolic features in uterine fluid of gynecological patients but also establishes a noninvasive approach for the early diagnosis of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jihong Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yinan Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuening Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyang Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Suwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Mo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology (Peking University Third Hospital), Beijing 100191, China.
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Jee BC, Jeong HG. Management of endometrial polyps in infertile women: A mini-review. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2021; 48:198-202. [PMID: 34352167 PMCID: PMC8421660 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2020.04119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable disagreement exists regarding whether endometrial polyps should be removed before attempting natural pregnancy and before pregnancy via intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in vitro fertilization (IVF). Through a literature review, we obtained information on the impact of endometrial polyps and polypectomy on fertility outcomes. Several observational studies have suggested that women with unexplained infertility may benefit from endometrial polypectomy for a future natural pregnancy. A few studies reported benefits from endometrial polypectomy in infertile women who plan to undergo IUI. However, no strong evidence supports polypectomy as a way to improve the pregnancy rate in infertile women who plan to undergo IVF or polypectomy during controlled ovarian stimulation for IVF. Although no studies have defined criteria for the polyp size that should be removed in infertile women, clinicians should be aware that small endometrial polyps (<10 mm) sometimes regress spontaneously. Endometrial polypectomy is currently justified in patients with repeated IVF failure, but more studies are needed to verify that endometrial polypectomy itself will eventually increase the pregnancy rate. Although several mechanisms by which endometrial polyps exert a negative effect on fertility have emerged, there is no consensus about the proper management of endometrial polyps in infertile women. Therefore, the management of endometrial polyps should be individualized depending on the patient's situation and clinician’s preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Jee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Gyeong Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Are the cytokines TNF alpha and IL 1Beta early predictors of embryo implantation? Cross sectional study. J Reprod Immunol 2019; 137:102618. [PMID: 31698104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2019.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cross-talk between endometrium and embryo is not accessible to the researcher for obvious ethical reasons that let understand why implantation remains the black box of reproduction. We aimed to detect of the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in endometrial secretion at the time of oocyte retrieval for early prediction of implantation. One hundred twenty women participated in the study during ICSI cycles. All women participating in the study included the following criteria; age; 22-36 years, BMI; less than 35 kg/m2, a husband with oligo- or oligoasthenospermia. All women received controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and immediately after ovum pickup, an intrauterine flushing was done. Embryo transfer was done at the blastocyst stage five days after ovum pick up. Serum pregnancy tests were done for all women. The clinical pregnancy was defined as the appearance of the gestational sac and positive embryo cardiac activity was confirmed by TVS. The ongoing pregnancy was detected by abdominal ultrasound at 12 weeks. The participants were divided into two groups: the pregnant group and the non-pregnant group. Thirty-two and half percent of women got pregnant. There were non-significant differences between the two groups regarding the demographic, clinical and laboratory data except for the duration of infertility and concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β. The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly higher in the pregnant group than the non-pregnant group.Therefore,The use of TNF-α and IL-1β to predict implantation in IVF is promising especially before embryo transfer. Clinical trial.gov registration NCT02854514.
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Sorak M, Devic A. Analysis of Glycodelin Levels Before and After Hysteroscopic Polypectomy in Infertile Patients. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2017-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Glycodelin (or placental protein 14) is a glycoprotein located in the glandular and thin epithelium of the endometrium. It is considered an important factor in the implantation process, and its traces can be found in elevated concentrations in the uterine flushing obtained at the time of implantation, while in the proliferative phase of the cycle, its levels are low. A certain concentration has been found to inhibit the binding of spermatozoids to the zona pellucida of the oocites therefore, it effects conception. It has a role in angiogenesis and is in high concentrations in the tissues of both benign and malignant gynaecological tumours.
The aim of this study is to analyse and display the glycodelin level changes before and after hysteroscopic polypectomy in infertile patients in the uterine flushing fluid and serum. This survey covers 80 infertile patients, who were divided into two groups. The first group, the experimental group, consisted of 50 infertile patients with endometrial polyps, and a control group of 30 infertile patients without endometrial polyps was also included.
The results primarily indicate the existence of changes in glycodelin levels preoperatively in the flushing and venous blood in infertile patients with endometrial polyps compared with the levels after surgery. In the control group of patients, no significant change in the glycodelin levels was detected in the flushing and venous blood. When comparing these two groups, statistically significant differences in the glycodelin levels in the flushing and venous blood were noted. We conclude that the presence of endometrial polyps in the cavum uteri affects the increase in the glycodelin concentration in the flushing fluid and in the plasma. Increased glycodelin concentrations complicate fertilization and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Sorak
- Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medical Sciences , University of Kragujevac , Kragujevac , Serbia
| | - Ana Devic
- Clinical Hospital Center Zemun, Hospital for Gynecology and Obstretics , Serbia
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Focarelli R, Luddi A, De Leo V, Capaldo A, Stendardi A, Pavone V, Benincasa L, Belmonte G, Petraglia F, Piomboni P. Dysregulation of GdA Expression in Endometrium of Women With Endometriosis: Implication for Endometrial Receptivity. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:579-586. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719117718276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Luddi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Leo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Angela Capaldo
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Anita Stendardi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Linda Benincasa
- Department of Life Science, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Belmonte
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Felice Petraglia
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - Paola Piomboni
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Couple Sterility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
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Bhusane K, Bhutada S, Chaudhari U, Savardekar L, Katkam R, Sachdeva G. Secrets of Endometrial Receptivity: Some Are Hidden in Uterine Secretome. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 75:226-36. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kashmira Bhusane
- Primate Biology Laboratory; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health; Indian Council of Medical Research; Mumbai India
| | - Sumit Bhutada
- Primate Biology Laboratory; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health; Indian Council of Medical Research; Mumbai India
| | - Uddhav Chaudhari
- Primate Biology Laboratory; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health; Indian Council of Medical Research; Mumbai India
| | - Lalita Savardekar
- Primate Biology Laboratory; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health; Indian Council of Medical Research; Mumbai India
| | - Rajendra Katkam
- Primate Biology Laboratory; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health; Indian Council of Medical Research; Mumbai India
| | - Geetanjali Sachdeva
- Primate Biology Laboratory; National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health; Indian Council of Medical Research; Mumbai India
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Correlation of endometrial glycodelin expression and pregnancy outcome in cases with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with clomiphene citrate plus metformin: a controlled study. Obstet Gynecol Int 2015; 2015:278591. [PMID: 25815012 PMCID: PMC4359801 DOI: 10.1155/2015/278591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between clomiphene citrate (CC) plus metformin treatment and endometrial glycodelin expression and to then correlate this relationship with pregnancy outcomes. Material and Methods. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) according to the Rotterdam criteria constituted our study group. All had been admitted to the gynecology outpatient clinic between June 1, 2011, and January 1, 2012, for infertility treatment. Our control group consisted of 20 patients admitted for routine Pap smear control. They had no history of infertility and were not using contraceptives and they were actively attempting pregnancy. Midluteal progesterone measurement and pipelle endometrial biopsies were performed with both groups. For PCOS patients, metformin treatment was initiated right after the biopsy and CC was added in the second menstrual cycle. Pipelle endometrial biopsies were repeated. Histological dating and immunohistochemistry for glycodelin were performed by a single pathologist who was blinded to the patients' clinical data. Result(s). The posttreatment ovulation rate in the study group was 93.3%. No pregnancies were achieved in either group when glycodelin expression was not present, even in the presence of ovulation. When glycodelin expression was high in PCOS group, the pregnancy rate was 60% and all pregnancies ended in live births. In weak expression group, however, three out of four pregnancies ended as early pregnancy losses. Conclusion(s). Endometrial glycodelin expression is an important predictor of pregnancy outcomes in both PCOS and fertile groups.
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Bhutada S, Basak T, Savardekar L, Katkam RR, Jadhav G, Metkari SM, Chaudhari UK, Kumari D, Kholkute SD, Sengupta S, Sachdeva G. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in human uterine fluid and its relevance in implantation. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:763-80. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/det461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Tabbaa ZM, Zheng Y, Daftary GS. KLF11 epigenetically regulates glycodelin-A, a marker of endometrial biology via histone-modifying chromatin mechanisms. Reprod Sci 2013; 21:319-28. [PMID: 24060634 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113503407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial biology is characterized by programmed proliferation and differentiation that is synchronous with ovarian folliculogenesis to maximize the chance of pregnancy. Glycodelin-A, an endometrial secretory protein, promotes pregnancy mostly through immunomodulatory mechanisms. Glycodelin-A is repressed during the proliferative and early secretory phase and activated thereafter. Progesterone activates glycodelin via the Sp1 (Specificity Protein 1) transactivator. We identify a novel role for Kruppel-like transcription factor 11 (KLF11) as a glycodelin-A repressor. Although KLF11 bound 2 distinct regulatory elements, it regulated glycodelin promoter activity differentially through each element. Whereas KLF11 weakly activated glycodelin promoter activity via a region that also bound Sp1, the dominant effect of KLF11 was repression of promoter activity, messenger RNA (mRNA), and protein expression via a novel, specific binding element. KLF11 mediated this repression by recruiting the SIN3/histone deacetylase (HDAC) corepressor complex to the glycodelin promoter. KLF11 may solely, or by competing with Sp1, repress glycodelin-A levels and thereby influence its role in the endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid M Tabbaa
- 1Laboratory of Translational Epigenetics in Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Uchida H, Maruyama T, Nishikawa-Uchida S, Miyazaki K, Masuda H, Yoshimura Y. Glycodelin in reproduction. Reprod Med Biol 2013; 12:79-84. [PMID: 29699134 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-013-0144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To achieve a successful pregnancy in humans, sperm is required for capacitation, followed by binding to and entry into an oocyte. Maternal endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) prepare the appropriate implantation environment through regulation of immune cells and endometrial cells. After acquiring endometrial receptivity, a successful pregnancy consists of complex and finely regulated steps involving apposition, adhesion, invasion, and penetration. Glycodelin is a secretory glycoprotein that affects cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and motility. Glycodelin has four glycoforms (glycodelin-A, -S, -F. and -C); differences in glycosylation affect each characteristic function. Glycodelin has a unique temporospatial pattern of expression, primarily in the reproductive tract where glycodelin is mid-secretory phase-dominant. Recent studies have demonstrated that glycodelin protein has the potential to regulate various processes, including immunosuppression, fertilization, and implantation. This review details the orchestrated regulation of successful pregnancy by glycodelin as well as a discussion of the basic characteristics of glycodelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Uchida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku 160-8582 Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuo Maruyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku 160-8582 Tokyo Japan
| | - Sayaka Nishikawa-Uchida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku 160-8582 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kaoru Miyazaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku 160-8582 Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirotaka Masuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku 160-8582 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasunori Yoshimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Keio University School of Medicine 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku 160-8582 Tokyo Japan
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Tawfeek MA, Eid MA, Hasan AM, Mostafa M, El-Serogy HA. Assessment of leukemia inhibitory factor and glycoprotein 130 expression in endometrium and uterine flushing: a possible diagnostic tool for impaired fertility. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2012; 12:10. [PMID: 22520363 PMCID: PMC3448518 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-12-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Uterine receptivity and implantation are complex processes requiring coordinated expression of molecules by zygote and uterus. Our objective was to evaluate the role of the endometrial expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and its glycoprotein 130 (gp130) receptor molecules and their secretion in uterine flushing during the window of implantation in cases of primary unexplained infertility Case presentation The study was conducted on 25 infertile women with unexplained infertility for at least two years and 10 normal fertile women as a control group . Endometrial tissue and uterine flushing were obtained. Each tissue specimen was divided into two pieces; one piece was used for histological dating of the endometrium and for immunostaining of progesterone receptors, and the second was used for RNA extraction and PCR assay of LIF and gp130 mRNA expression. Serum estrogen and progesterone were measured for all subjects. LIF mRNA was expressed in the endometrium of all normal fertile women but significantly decreased in infertile women. LIF was not detectable in 88% of infertile women while it was fairly detectable in 12% of them. Gp130 mRNA was hardly detectable in both fertile and infertile women with no difference between them. Infertile women secreted significantly less LIF and gp130 molecules in the uterine flushing compared with normal fertile women. Conclusions Expression of LIF mRNA in endometrium could be used as a molecular marker of unexplained infertility. Assessment of secreted LIF and gp130 molecules in uterine flushing could be another useful and safe method for predicting successful implantation as well as for diagnosing and eventually treating women with impaired fertility using recombinant human LIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Tawfeek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathology, Tanta University, Egypt
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Bentin-Ley U, Lindhard A, Ravn V, Islin H, Sørensen S. Glycodelin in endometrial flushing fluid and endometrial biopsies from infertile and fertile women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 156:60-6. [PMID: 21292383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate in the natural cycle just before IVF, whether glycodelin levels in endometrial flushing fluid obtained days LH+1 and LH+7 can be used in predicting pregnancy in the following IVF cycle, and whether there are differences in women with tubal factor infertility compared to women with unexplained infertility and fertile controls. STUDY DESIGN A prospective observational multicentre study of 21 fertile and 75 infertile women (25 showed abnormal tubes with no signs of hydrosalpinges, 18 had uni- or bi-lateral hydrosalpinges, 17 were salpingectomised because of hydrosalpinges, and 15 women had unexplained infertility). Endometrial flushing at days LH+1 and LH+7, endometrial biopsy, and blood sampling at day LH+7 were performed before down-regulation for IVF. Glycodelin levels in endometrial flushing fluids (EFF), biopsies, and plasma samples were related to tubal pathology, endometrial dating and IVF outcome. Furthermore, total protein concentration was measured in EFF to investigate the influence of normal endometrial maturation on protein concentrations from days LH+1 and LH+7. RESULTS At day LH+1, EFF glycodelin levels were higher in infertile women with abnormal tubes compared to fertile women, particularly in women conceiving after the following IVF. For women with unexplained infertility, a higher level at day LH+1 was present only in women not conceiving after the following IVF. ROC curve analysis showed that at day LH+1 EFF glycodelin levels had no predictive value for IVF outcome. At day LH+7, glycodelin levels in endometrial flushing fluids and biopsies depended on endometrial dating. CONCLUSIONS At day LH+1, glycodelin concentration is increased in endometrial flushing fluid from infertile women with abnormal tubes compared to fertile controls without being a valuable predictor of subsequent pregnancy. At day LH+7 the glycodelin level depends on endometrial dating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Bentin-Ley
- The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ben-Nagi J, Miell J, Yazbek J, Holland T, Jurkovic D. The effect of hysteroscopic polypectomy on the concentrations of endometrial implantation factors in uterine flushings. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19:737-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Oger P, Bulla R, Tedesco F, Portier A, Dubanchet S, Bailly M, Wainer R, Chaouat G, Lédée N. Higher interleukin-18 and mannose-binding lectin are present in uterine lumen of patients with unexplained infertility. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19:591-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Meola J, Dentillo DB, Rosa e Silva JC, Ferriani RA, Veiga LC, Paro de Paz CC, Giuliatti S, Martelli L. Glycodelin expression in the endometrium of healthy women and in the eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:1676-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.02.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The human endometrium produces a number of proteins which are at least partly specific to that tissue. Two of these proteins have been the subject of much recent work. They were originally called ‘placental protein 12’ and ‘placental protein 14’ (PP12 and PP14) because they were isolated by Hans Bohn from extracts of whole placentae. However, it is now clear that they arise from the maternal endometrium (decidua) rather than the fetal trophoblast. Placental protein 12 has been shown to be identical to the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1). It is produced in many normal tissues and its measurement probably does not provide a specific index of endometrial function. By contrast, PP14 is detectable only in ‘reproductive’ tissues and, in theory, might be an excellent clinical test of endometrial function.
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van der Gaast MH, Macklon NS, Beier-Hellwig K, Krusche CA, Fauser BCJM, Beier HM, Classen-Linke I. The feasibility of a less invasive method to assess endometrial maturation-comparison of simultaneously obtained uterine secretion and tissue biopsy. BJOG 2008; 116:304-12. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.02039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Aghajanova L, Hamilton AE, Giudice LC. Uterine receptivity to human embryonic implantation: histology, biomarkers, and transcriptomics. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2008; 19:204-11. [PMID: 18035563 PMCID: PMC2829661 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic implantation is a dynamic process of paracrine interactions between the maternal compartment and the conceptus and involves a receptive endometrium and a developmentally competent blastocyst. Herein, we review histology, clinical approaches, and the promise of transcriptomics in elucidating mechanisms underlying implantation and development of biomarkers of uterine receptivity-with an eye to diagnose and treat implantation-based disorders of miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, pre-eclampsia, and infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aghajanova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0556, San Francisco, 94143-0556, CA, USA , ,
| | - AE Hamilton
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0556, San Francisco, 94143-0556, CA, USA , ,
| | - LC Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UCSF, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0556, San Francisco, 94143-0556, CA, USA , ,
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Salim R, Miel J, Savvas M, Lee C, Jurkovic D. A comparative study of glycodelin concentrations in uterine flushings in women with subseptate uteri, history of unexplained recurrent miscarriage and healthy controls. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2007; 133:76-80. [PMID: 17049713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the concentration of glycodelin in uterine flushing at the implantation window obtained from women with subseptate uteri, women with a history of recurrent first trimester miscarriage and fertile controls. STUDY DESIGN Glycodelin concentration was assessed using Enzyme Linked Immunohistochemistry (ELISA) at The Early Pregnancy & Gynaecology Assessment Unit, King's College Hospital, London, England. Eight women with a subseptate uterus, 20 women with a history of unexplained recurrent first trimester miscarriage and 16 fertile controls had uterine cavity flushing, for glycodelin concentration, done 7 days after the luteinising hormone surge. RESULTS Glycodelin concentrations in uterine flushing obtained from women with subseptate uteri (n=8) (median 32.9 ng/ml, range 17.1-52.4 ng/ml) and recurrent miscarriage (n=20) (median 26.8 ng/ml, range 9.7-78.5 ng/ml) were significantly lower than in the control group (n=16) (median 67.7 ng/ml, range 59.0-77.6 ng/ml) (chi(2)=19.565, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Peri-implantation levels of glycodelin are lower in women at high risk of early pregnancy failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Salim
- The Early Pregnancy & Gynaecology Assessment Unit, King's College Hospital, London, UK.
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Seppälä M, Koistinen H, Koistinen R, Chiu PCN, Yeung WSB. Glycosylation related actions of glycodelin: gamete, cumulus cell, immune cell and clinical associations. Hum Reprod Update 2007; 13:275-87. [PMID: 17329396 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmm004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycodelin is an example of a glycoprotein whose complex-type glycans mediate biological actions in human reproduction and immune reactions. Being attached to an identical protein backbone, glycodelin oligosaccharides vary significantly from one reproductive tissue to another and have an effect on its own secretion and role in cell communication. For instance, uterine glycodelin-A inhibits sperm-oocyte interaction by binding on the sperm head. This is a glycosylation-dependent phenomenon, in which fucosyltransferase-5 plays a key role. Glycodelin-S from seminal plasma binds evenly around the sperm head and maintains an uncapacitated state in the spermatozoa, until the isoform is detached during sperm passage through the cervix. Glycodelin-F from follicular fluid and Fallopian tube binds to the acrosomal region of the sperm head, thereby inhibiting both the sperm-oocyte binding and premature progesterone-induced acrosome reaction. The cumulus cells surrounding the oocyte can capture glycodelin-A and -F from the surrounding environment and convert these isoforms to a cumulus cell isoform, glycodelin-C. It differs by glycosylation from the other isoforms, and it too attaches on the sperm head, with the highest density in the equatorial region. Glycodelin-C is capable of detaching the sperm-bound inhibitory isoforms so that the sperm-oocyte binding is enhanced. Glycodelin-A also has immunosuppressive actions directed to cellular, humoral and innate immunity. Although these actions depend mainly on the protein backbone, glycosylation also plays a part. Glycosylated glycodelin may be involved in the protection of spermatozoa against maternal immune reactions, and glycodelin also has apoptogenic activity. Some glycosylation patterns of glycodelin may mask its apoptogenic domain. This review updates the recent research and clinical associations of glycodelin, highlighting the role of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Biomedicum Helsinki, 4th Floor, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, Finland.
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Stavreus-Evers A, Mandelin E, Koistinen R, Aghajanova L, Aghajnova L, Hovatta O, Seppälä M. Glycodelin is present in pinopodes of receptive-phase human endometrium and is associated with down-regulation of progesterone receptor B. Fertil Steril 2006; 85:1803-11. [PMID: 16759928 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that glycodelin is localized on pinopodes and correlates with temporal immunostaining of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), LIF receptor (LIFR), and progesterone receptor B (PRB). DESIGN Prospective clinical study. SETTING Hospital-based reproductive health unit and research laboratories. PATIENT(S) Twenty-five healthy fertile women with normal menstrual cycles. INTERVENTION(S) Endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained from healthy fertile women in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Immunohistochemical staining of glycodelin, ultrastructural immunostaining of glycodelin, and double staining of glycodelin and PRB. RESULT(S) Glycodelin is present in the glands when pinopodes appear. Glycodelin is localized on pinopodes but is also secreted from luminal epithelial cells regardless of pinopode formation. There was a negative correlation between glycodelin secretion from the glands and PRB staining. A weak correlation between the presence of LIFR (but not LIF) and glycodelin was found. CONCLUSION(S) Pinopode appearance, intense staining of LIFR in pinopodes and glycodelin staining in the glands are synchronized events. Down-regulation of PRB in the endometrium is concomitant with the presence of glycodelin in the endometrium, suggesting interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Stavreus-Evers
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Endometriosis is one of the most common causes of chronic pelvic pain and infertility in women in the reproductive age group. Although the existence of this disease has been known for over 100 years our current knowledge of its pathogenesis and the pathophysiology of its related infertility remains unclear. Several reasons contribute to our lack of knowledge, the most critical being the difficulty in carrying out objective long-term studies in women. Thus, we and others have developed a model of this disease in the non-human primate, the baboon (Papio anubis). Intraperitoneal inoculation of autologous menstrual endometrium results in the development of endometriotic lesions with gross morphological characteristics similar to those seen in the human. Multiple factors have been implicated in endometriosis-associated infertility. We have described aberrant levels of factors involved in multiple pathways important in the establishment of pregnancy, in the endometrium of baboons induced with endometriosis. Specifically, we have observed dysregulation of proteins involved in invasion, angiogenesis, methylation, cell growth, immunomodulation, and steroid hormone action. These data suggest that, in an induced model of endometriosis in the baboon, an increased angiogenic capacity, decreased apoptotic potential, progesterone resistance, estrogen hyper-responsiveness, and an inability to respond appropriately to embryonic signals contribute to the reduced fecundity associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Hastings
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (MC808), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 S Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
| | - Asgerally T Fazleabas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (MC808), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 820 S Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60612, USA
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Durand M, Seppala M, Cravioto MDC, Koistinen H, Koistinen R, González-Macedo J, Larrea F. Late follicular phase administration of levonorgestrel as an emergency contraceptive changes the secretory pattern of glycodelin in serum and endometrium during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Contraception 2005; 71:451-7. [PMID: 15914136 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study examined serum glycodelin concentrations and endometrial expression during the luteal phase following oral administration of levonorgestrel (LNG) at different stages of the ovarian cycle. Thirty women were recruited and allocated into three groups. All groups were studied during two consecutive cycles, a control cycle and the treatment cycle. In the treatment cycle, each woman received two doses of 0.75 mg LNG taken 12 h apart on days 3-4 before the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge (Group 1), at the time of LH rise (Group 2) and 48 h after the rise in LH was detected (Group 3). Serum progesterone (P) and glycodelin were measured daily during the luteal phase, and an endometrial biopsy was taken at day LH +9 for immunohistochemical glycodelin-A staining. In Group 1, serum P levels were significantly lower, serum glycodelin levels rose earlier and endometrial glycodelin-A expression was weaker than in Groups 2 and 3, in which no differences were found between control and treatment cycles. Levonorgestrel taken for emergency contraception (EC) prior to the LH surge alters the luteal phase secretory pattern of glycodelin in serum and endometrium. Based on the potent gamete adhesion inhibitory activity of glycodelin-A, the results may account for the action of LNG in EC in those women who take LNG before the LH surge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Durand
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14000, Mexico
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Seppälä M. Advances in uterine protein research: reproduction and cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2004; 85:105-18. [PMID: 15099771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2004.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2003] [Revised: 01/01/2004] [Accepted: 01/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Uterine protein research has advanced from the measurements of specific compounds to detailed analysis of the genes that regulate protein synthesis and build up the complex carbohydrate structures that play important functional roles. Some 80% of all human proteins are glycoproteins. Functional glycomics highlights the importance of glycosylation in glycoprotein function. Glycodelin is a representative example of functional glycomics because its various glycoforms have different functions. In the uterus, synthesis of glycodelin-A is temporally regulated by progesterone. During the estrogen-dominated fertile window, absence of glycodelin synthesis is significant because uterine glycodelin-A potently and dose-dependently inhibits sperm-egg binding, the initial step in fertilization. The anti-fertilization propensity of glycodelin-A during the luteal phase of the cycle is highly glycosylation-dependent, and there is an intricate functional interplay between spermatozoa, zona pellucida and the various glycodelin isoforms present in the uterine fluid, seminal plasma and follicular fluid, respectively. Endometrial glycodelin synthesis can be induced during the fertile window by administration of progestagens, such as in levonorgestrel hormone-releasing IUD and contraceptive implants. Glycodelin can be chemically modified in such a fashion that it blocks the binding site on CD4 for the HIV surface glycoprotein, synthesis of viral gp 120, and infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by the primary HIV isolate THA/93/051, thus potentially inhibiting HIV transmission. Now that a cell line producing the contraceptive isoform has been identified by recombinant technology, these findings may have application for locally applied antiviral contraception. Glycodelin also has immunosuppressive properties, suggesting that the recognition mechanisms in immune and reproductive systems may have converged. Given its inhibitory activity on natural killer cells, abundant at the fetomaternal interphase, the high glycodelin concentration at the same site suggests a role in fetomaternal defense mechanisms. This may be relevant in women with recurrent miscarriage, in whom both the serum and uterine fluid glycodelin concentrations are decreased. Experiments on cancer cell lines have demonstrated increased epithelial differentiation by glycodelin cDNA transfection, and also by co-culture of cancer cells with normal stromal cells in the presence of basement membrane components. Both approaches result in glycodelin expression concomitant with decreased cell proliferation and reversion of the malignant phenotype. These results suggest an active role of normal stromal cells, basement membrane components and glycodelin in epithelial differentiation and glandular morphogenesis. This disposition of glycodelin is significant in patients with certain carcinomas, in which glycodelin-expressing tumors carry better prognosis than glycodelin-negative tumors of the same clinical stage and histological grade. Research on functional glycomics continues to produce significant information on fundamental aspects of fertilization, implantation, pregnancy and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seppälä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Chemistry, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Hoozemans DA, Schats R, Lambalk CB, Homburg R, Hompes PGA. Human embryo implantation: current knowledge and clinical implications in assisted reproductive technology. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 9:692-715. [PMID: 15670421 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A pregnancy rate of approximately 15% per cycle renders the process of human reproduction inefficient. The cycle-dependent expression of molecules involved in the embryo-endometrial dialogue has lead to the identification of a 'window of implantation'. This is the unique temporal and spatial expression of factors that allows the embryo to implant (via signalling, appositioning, attachment and invasion) in a specific time frame of 48 h, 7-10 days after ovulation. Integrin molecules, L-selectin ligands, mucin-1, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor and pinopodes are involved in appositioning and attachment. The embryo produces cytokines and growth factors [interleukins, prostaglandins, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] and receptors for endometrial signals (leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor, colony stimulating factor receptor, insulin-like growth factors and heparin binding epidermal growth factor receptor). The immune system plays an important role. Immunomodulatory factors such as glycodelin, inhibin and interleukin prevent a graft-versus-host reaction. Angiogenesis controlled by VEGF and prostaglandins is needed for formation of a receptive endometrium and a placenta. Identification of these factors has led to their use as markers of implantation that may identify defects causing subfertility. An ideal marker of implantation is sensitive and specific, and easy to obtain without disturbing implantation. Glycodelin and leukaemia inhibitory factor (serum) and integrins and pinopodes (biopsies) are promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederik A Hoozemans
- VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, IVF-Centrum, Poli Zuid, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Westergaard LG, Yding Andersen C, Erb K, Laursen SB, Rasmussen PE, Rex S, Teisner B. Placental protein 14 concentrations in circulation related to hormonal parameters and reproductive outcome in women undergoing IVF/ICSI. Reprod Biomed Online 2004; 8:91-8. [PMID: 14759294 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Serum concentrations of placental protein 14 (PP14), steroids and gonadotrophins were related to the outcome of IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection in 195 normogonadotrophic women subjected to the long protocol gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa; buserelin) pituitary down-regulation protocol and gonadotrophin stimulation (HMG or rFSH). Pituitary down-regulation was initiated on cycle day 21 and the patients were randomized to either intranasal or s.c. administration of buserelin. After 14 days of down-regulation, the patients were randomized on stimulation day 1 (S1) to ovarian stimulation with 225 IU per day of either human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) or recombinant FSH (rFSH) for a fixed period of 7 days. The daily gonadotrophin dose was adjusted on the following day according to ovarian response. Patient's blood was sampled for PP14 and hormone analysis on cycle days 21, S1, S8 and on the day of oocyte retrieval. Mean concentrations of PP14 on day 21 of the cycle were significantly lower in conception than in non-conception cycles, whereas progesterone and oestradiol were similar in conception and non-conception cycles. PP14 concentrations on the first day of stimulation and at oocyte retrieval were significantly higher in conception than in non-conception cycles, whereas concentrations after 8 days of stimulation were similar. Neither mode of GnRHa administration nor type of gonadotrophin significantly influenced PP14 concentrations throughout ovarian stimulation. Circulating PP14 is thus an important physiological signal of the fertility status of the individual in the cycle antecedent to and during ovarian stimulation. Measuring mid-luteal serum PP14 may offer a clinical test helping to decide if infertility treatment should be initiated in the subsequent cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Westergaard
- Fertility Clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
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Hass R, Sohn C. Increased Oxidative Stress in Pre-eclamptic Placenta is Associated with Altered Proteasome Activity and Protein Patterns. Placenta 2003; 24:979-84. [PMID: 14580381 DOI: 10.1016/s0143-4004(03)00174-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the amount of oxidatively damaged proteins in placenta proteins from normal pregnancies and pre-eclampsia revealed a relative increase of about 30 per cent of damaged proteins in pre-eclamptic placenta. Previous work has demonstrated that these cell- and tissue-damaging oxidatively stressed proteins are metabolized particularly by the 20S proteasome. Evaluation of the proteasomal activity revealed a significantly reduced proteasome function in pre-eclamptic placenta by about 30 per cent, suggesting that the accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins in pre-eclampsia is associated with reduced proteasomal activity. To investigate these effects at molecular levels, separation of placental proteins by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE and subsequent anti-proteasome Western blot revealed several sets of approximately 20 kDa and 30 kDa protein subunits in normal placenta which appear at low or undetectable expression levels in pre-eclamptic placenta. Control Western blots against the placenta protein 14 (PP14) demonstrated equal loading and no significant differences in the PP14 protein patterns. These data suggested that alteration of the multifactorial proteasomal protein complex in pre-eclamptic placenta is accompanied by reduced metabolization of oxidatively damaged proteins. Consequently, the accumulation of these damaged proteins in the placenta may be associated with metabolic interference and thus contribute to certain developments of pre-eclampsia. Silver staining of the two-dimensional SDS-PAGE revealed a variety of acidic proteins in the range of 20 kDa and 45 kDa, respectively, which are differentially expressed in normal and pre-eclamptic placenta and thus provide further analytic potential for metabolic interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hass
- Department of Biochemistry and Tumor Biology, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OE6410), Medical School, Podbielskistr. 380, 30659 Hannover, Germany.
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van der Gaast MH, Beier-Hellwig K, Fauser BCJM, Beier HM, Macklon NS. Endometrial secretion aspiration prior to embryo transfer does not reduce implantation rates. Reprod Biomed Online 2003; 7:105-9. [PMID: 12930588 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of protein patterns in endometrial secretion fluid may offer a relatively non-invasive means of assessing endometrial receptivity during fertility treatment cycles. In order to study the impact of the removal of endometrial secretions on embryo implantation, a prospective matched controlled study was performed. In 66 women undergoing IVF, endometrial fluid was obtained transcervically by aspiration just prior to embryo transfer (study group). Biochemical and ongoing pregnancy rates were compared with 66 control patients matched for stimulation treatment protocol, age, number of collected oocytes and number of high quality embryos. The protein content and uterine fluid protein profile in each sample was determined. Respective biochemical and ongoing pregnancy rates per embryo transfer were 36 and 33% in patients who underwent aspiration of endometrial secretion, compared with 33 and 30% respectively in matched control patients (P = 0.84 and P = 0.85). The protein content in endometrial fluid was sufficient for protein pattern analysis. Uterine fluid aspiration prior to IVF embryo transfer is a safe method for obtaining sufficient material for uterine secretion electrophoresis, thus allowing analysis of protein patterns serving as receptivity markers during treatment cycles. This technique may offer a novel tool for assessing endometrial receptivity during treatment cycles without affecting implantation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H van der Gaast
- Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Hey NA, Meseguer M, Simón C, Smorodinsky NI, Wreschner DH, Ortíz ME, Aplin JD. Transmembrane and truncated (SEC) isoforms of MUC1 in the human endometrium and Fallopian tube. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2003; 1:2. [PMID: 12646057 PMCID: PMC151559 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2003] [Accepted: 01/30/2003] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell surface mucin MUC1 is expressed by endometrial epithelial cells with increased abundance in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, when it is found both at the apical cell surface and in secretions. This suggests the presence of a maternal cell surface glycoprotein barrier to embryo implantation, arising from the anti-adhesive property of MUC1. In previous work, we demonstrated alternatively spliced MUC1 variant forms in tumour cells. The variant MUC1/SEC lacks the transmembrane and cytoplasmic sequences found in the full-length variant. We now show that MUC1/SEC mRNA is present in endometrial carcinoma cell lines, endometrial tissue and primary cultured endometrial epithelial cells. The protein can be detected using isoform-specific antibodies in uterine flushings, suggesting release from endometrium in vivo. However, on the basis of immunolocalisation studies, MUC1/SEC also remains associated with the apical epithelial surface both in tissue and in cultured cells. Transmembrane MUC1 and MUC1/SEC are both strikingly localised to the apical surface of tubal epithelium. Thus MUC1 may contribute to the anti-adhesive character of the tubal surface, inhibiting ectopic implantation. The mechanism by which this barrier is overcome in endometrium at implantation is the subject of ongoing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Hey
- Medical School and School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Nechama I Smorodinsky
- Dept. of Cell Research & Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - Daniel H Wreschner
- Dept. of Cell Research & Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel 69978
| | - María Elena Ortíz
- Unidad de Reproducción y Desarollo, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - John D Aplin
- Medical School and School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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Lindhard A, Bentin-Ley U, Ravn V, Islin H, Hviid T, Rex S, Bangsbøll S, Sørensen S. Biochemical evaluation of endometrial function at the time of implantation. Fertil Steril 2002; 78:221-33. [PMID: 12137855 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature on various endometrial factors assumed to be of importance to implantation and to evaluate their potential clinical value in the assessment of endometrial function at the time of implantation in infertile women in natural and stimulated cycles. DESIGN Literature review. RESULT(S) Cytokines such as leukemia inhibitory factor, colony-stimulating factor-1, and interleukin-1 have all been shown to play important roles in the cascade of events that leads to implantation. They participate in a synchronized cooperation between the endometrium and the preimplanting embryo under the influence of steroid hormones. The same applies to the integrin alpha(v)beta(3), glycodelin, and the polymorphic mucin 1. The usefulness of these factors to assess endometrial receptivity and to estimate the prognosis for pregnancy in natural and artificial cycles remains to be proven. CONCLUSION(S) The studies performed to date have mostly included only small groups of patients with a lack of fertile controls, and only a few prospective, controlled trials have been carried out. Therefore, definite conclusions about the clinical value of these factors in the assessment of endometrial function and prognosis for pregnancy after artificial reproductive therapy cannot be drawn at present. Further evaluation of their importance for and function during implantation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Lindhard
- Fertility Clinic, Juliane Marie Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Seppälä M, Taylor RN, Koistinen H, Koistinen R, Milgrom E. Glycodelin: a major lipocalin protein of the reproductive axis with diverse actions in cell recognition and differentiation. Endocr Rev 2002; 23:401-30. [PMID: 12202458 DOI: 10.1210/er.2001-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glycodelin is a glycoprotein that belongs to the lipocalin superfamily. Depending on glycosylation, glycodelin appears in various isoforms. In the uterus, glycodelin-A is the major progesterone-regulated glycoprotein secreted into uterine luminal cavity by secretory/decidualized endometrial glands. The other tissues expressing glycodelin include fallopian tubes, ovary, breast, seminal vesicle, bone marrow, and eccrine glands. Glycodelin-A potently and dose-dependently inhibits human sperm-egg binding, whereas differently glycosylated glycodelin-S from seminal plasma has no such effect. Absence of contraceptive glycodelin-A in the uterus during periovulatory midcycle is consistent with an open "fertile window." Glycodelin induced by local or systemic administration of progestogens may potentially reduce the fertilizing capacity of sperm in any phase of the menstrual cycle. Glycodelin also has immunosuppressive activity. Its high concentration at the fetomaternal interface may contribute to protection of the embryonic semiallograft. Besides being an epithelial differentiation marker, glycodelin appears to play a role in glandular morphogenesis, as transfection of glycodelin cDNA into a glycodelin-negative breast cancer cells resulted in formation of gland-like structures, restricted proliferation, and induction of other epithelial markers. These various properties, as well as the chemistry, biology, and clinical aspects of glycodelin, continue to be areas of active investigation reviewed in this communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Seppälä
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, 00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland.
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Mandelin E, Koistinen H, Koistinen R, Arola J, Affandi B, Seppälä M. Endometrial expression of glycodelin in women with levonorgestrel-releasing subdermal implants. Fertil Steril 2001; 76:474-8. [PMID: 11532467 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether subdermal levonorgestrel implants induce endometrial expression of glycodelin. DESIGN Cross-sectional, blinded study. SETTING University clinic. PATIENT(S) One hundred and eight women with subdermal implants and 19 postmenopausal women. INTERVENTION(S) Endometrial biopsies, curettages, and hysterectomies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Endometrial glycodelin expression was examined through immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and morphologic endometrial dating. RESULT(S) Overall, 80% of the endometrial specimens obtained from women with subdermal levonorgestrel implants stained positive for glycodelin. Endometrial morphology of these women showed proliferative (71%), inactive/weakly proliferative (19%), menstrual or regenerating (6.5%), and other patterns (2.8%). Of these, 79%, 71%, 100%, and 100% were glycodelin positive, respectively. Nineteen specimens were obtained during the midcycle when glycodelin is not normally expressed: of these, 89% stained positive for glycodelin. Implant-related amenorrhea was associated with endometrial glycodelin expression in 58% of the women, whereas the endometrium specimens obtained from women with postmenopausal hypoestrogenic amenorrhea contained no detectable glycodelin. CONCLUSION(S) Subdermal levonorgestrel implant use is often associated with endometrial expression of glycodelin. Because glycodelin has been shown to inhibit sperm-egg binding, the induction of glycodelin may contribute to the contraceptive activity of the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mandelin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Sen S, Chowdhury G, Chowdhury M. Sialic acid binding protein of human endometrium: its regulation by steroids. Mol Cell Biochem 2001; 221:17-23. [PMID: 11506181 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010901303113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we have observed that sialic acid binding protein (SABP - a 54 kDa glycoprotein which was isolated from human endometrial scrapings taken at various stages of the menstrual cycle from normal cycling females and purified to apparent homogeneity and was earlier reported from this laboratory) was found in sufficiently detectable amount in the endometrium of normal cycling women whereas it was found in lesser amount in tissue from women who have recently entered the postmenopause stage. SABP was observed in both follicular and luteal phase of menstrual cycle which was found by western blot analysis. In the de-novo synthesis experiment, synthesis and secretion of SABP was found to be stimulated by estradiol (E2) whereas progesterone (P4) was found to have no significant stimulatory effect on it which was also confirmed by HEC cell culture. In the HEC cell culture, priming of cells with E2 was found to influence the effect of P4 on SABP when it was added 2 h after E2 administration. This was observed by doing immunoprecipitation followed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. Hence this report clearly indicates that E2 regulates the synthesis and secretion of 54 kDa SABP from human endometrium. How E2 priming of endometrium influences the effect of P4 on SABP has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sen
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Calcutta
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Abstract
Glycodelin is a major glycoprotein that is synthesized in the endometrium in response to progesterone and relaxin exposure. Endometrium-derived glycodelin-A has contraceptive and immunosuppressive properties. Glycodelin is absent from the endometrium during the fertile periovulatory phase, but is synthesized in this tissue during the peri-implantation phase and is abundant during the last week of the luteal phase. Changes in local and/or circulating glycodelin concentrations have been observed in women with reproductive disorders. The chemical modification of glycodelins has resulted in compounds with antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seppälä
- Dept of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, FIN-00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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Halttunen M, Kämäräinen M, Koistinen H. Glycodelin: a reproduction-related lipocalin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1482:149-56. [PMID: 11058757 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4838(00)00158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycodelin, a human lipocalin, is a major endometrial protein with at least two differentially glycosylated isoforms. Glycodelin-A (GdA) is purified from human mid-trimester amniotic fluid, where it is secreted from the decidualized endometrium. Glycodelin-S (GdS) is synthesized in the male reproductive tract, mainly in the seminal vesicles, and secreted into seminal plasma. These two glycodelin isoforms, glycosylated in a completely different manner, serve as a good model for studying the effects of glycosylation on protein function and physicochemical properties. We have reviewed here the structure, expression and biological functions of glycodelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Halttunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
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Poddar AS, Kim JG, Gill KP, Bates BN, Santanam N, Rock JA, Murphy AA, Parthasarathy S. Generation and characterization of a polyclonal antipeptide antibody to human glycodelin. Fertil Steril 1998; 69:543-8. [PMID: 9531894 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)00558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and characterize an antiglycodelin antibody using a 15-amino acid synthetic peptide as antigen, derived from the sequence of human glycodelin. DESIGN We have developed a chicken antiglycodelin-derived peptide antibody and have characterized the antibody with the use of endometrial and ovarian cell lines. The antibody was also tested for its ability to detect glycodelin by ELISA assay, immunocytochemistry, and by Western blot. SETTING Various cell lines, cell culture medium, and amniotic fluid were used in the experiments. PATIENT(S) Amniotic fluid was collected from pregnant patients in their first trimester of pregnancy. INTERVENTION(S) No intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Detection of glycodelin. RESULT(S) The cell lines RL95-2 (human endometrial carcinoma cells), OVCAR-3 (human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells), HeLa (human cervical epitheloid carcinoma cells), and EM42-D (human endometrial epithelial cells) reacted with the antibody, indicating the presence of glycodelin. A specific 45-kd protein representing glycodelin was detected by Western blot in the amniotic fluid. CONCLUSION(S) Antipeptide antibodies can be successfully used to detect and quantify the presence of glycodelin in cells and fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Poddar
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Stewart DR, Erikson MS, Erikson ME, Nakajima ST, Overstreet JW, Lasley BL, Amento EP, Seppala M. The role of relaxin in glycodelin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82:839-46. [PMID: 9062493 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.82.3.3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycodelin is a glycoprotein named for its unique carbohydrate structure. Glycodelin is produced by the secretory endometrium during the late luteal phase and returns to baseline during menses of the ensuing cycle, whereas in conceptive cycles it rapidly increases. Although progesterone and possibly estradiol are required for glycodelin production, they are not directly involved in the synthesis and release of this protein. Their role may be development of the endometrial secretory glandular elements, whereas other factors are required to initiate and maintain glycodelin secretion. The pattern of relaxin secretion during the luteal phase and early pregnancy is similar to that of glycodelin, but their profiles have not been determined simultaneously. To investigate the relationship of relaxin and glycodelin, two studies were conducted. In the first study, relaxin, glycodelin, and ovarian steroids were measured in daily serum samples from nonconceptive and conceptive natural cycles. Profiles of relaxin and glycodelin were closely associated, with the onset of relaxin preceding glycodelin secretion by 1-2 days in nonconceptive cycles, and the pregnancy-associated increases in each hormone differing by about 2 days. The second study tested the hypothesis that relaxin stimulates glycodelin secretion. Samples were obtained from patients injected with human relaxin for 28 days. In subjects demonstrating ovarian cyclicity, glycodelin secretion was elevated, but it was not detected in subjects without ovarian cyclicity or in placebo-treated control subjects. This study reveals a close temporal and quantitative relationship between relaxin and glycodelin profiles in the late luteal phase and early pregnancy. It also demonstrates that relaxin administration can stimulate glycodelin production from a developed endometrium. This is the first report of a nonsteroidal ovarian factor that controls glycodelin secretion, and these results suggest a function for relaxin during early pregnancy. Glycodelin is a potent inhibitor of sperm zona pellucida binding by virtue of its extensive carbohydrate structure, but it is normally at a nadir in the periovulatory period. The data demonstrate that relaxin can stimulate glycodelin secretion throughout the menstrual cycle, including the periovulatory period, when relaxin-induced glycodelin secretion could have a contraceptive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Stewart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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Simón C, Mercader A, Frances A, Gimeno MJ, Polan ML, Remohí J, Pellicer A. Hormonal regulation of serum and endometrial IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1ra: IL-1 endometrial microenvironment of the human embryo at the apposition phase under physiological and supraphysiological steroid level conditions. J Reprod Immunol 1996; 31:165-84. [PMID: 8905550 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0378(96)00982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated serum and intracavitary levels of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1ra from agonadal women undergoing mock cycles (n = 20) of oocyte donation as a clinical model of controlled hormonal stimulation. Further, we compared the intracavitary IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-1ra levels in the microenvironment of the human embryo at the apposition phase, day 5 after progesterone (P) administration using two different clinical models: oocyte donation (n = 20) which provides physiological steroid levels and a higher implantation rate per embryo, and in vitro fertilization (n = 6) with supraphysiological hormonal levels and a lower implantation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simón
- Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Valencia University, Spain
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Aplin JD, Hey NA, Li TC. MUC1 as a cell surface and secretory component of endometrial epithelium: reduced levels in recurrent miscarriage. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996; 35:261-6. [PMID: 8962658 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucin MUC1 is a large, highly glycosylated, hormonally regulated product of endometrial glandular and luminal epithelium with both cell surface-associated and secreted isoforms. The abundance of mRNA coding for MUC1 increases about sixfold from the proliferative to the early secretory phase (Hey et al., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 78:337-342, 1994). Immunohistochemical studies show intracellular deposits accumulating in the early secretory phase followed by the release of MUC1 into gland lumens. The apical surface of luminal epithelium is strongly immunopositive in the early secretory phase. We have used a two site ELISA to measure MUC1 in uterine flushings as a function of time after the luteinising hormone (LH) peak. Low levels of secretory MUC1 are observed before day LH+7, while values on days LH+7-LH+13 are much higher. Using semi-quantitative immunohistochemical methods we have shown that in women suffering recurrent spontaneous miscarriage, mid secretory phase levels of MUC1 core protein and mucin-associated glycans are reduced (Serle et al., Fertil. Steril. 62:989-996, 1994). Similarly, lower core protein levels are observed in uterine flushings after day LH+7 in these women. Reduced epithelial secretory function and a resultant change in uterine fluid composition are features of endometrium from recurrent miscarriage patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Aplin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Manchester, U.K
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Halperin R, Herman A, Golan A, Hadas E, Schneider D, Bukovsky I, Ron-El R. Sequential measurements of human decidua-associated protein (hDP) 200 in the uterine fluid during the menstrual cycle. Am J Reprod Immunol 1996; 35:102-5. [PMID: 8839137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.1996.tb00014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To examine the relationship between the concentration of uterine fluid human decidua-associated protein (hDP) 200, identified as a monoclonal rheumatoid factor, and different phases of the menstrual cycle. METHODS Sequential measurements of hDP 200 concentration in uterine fluid were performed in 11 normal ovulatory women, aged 22-36 years. The samples were collected in early proliferative phase, late proliferative phase, periovulatory period, early secretory phase, and late secretory phase. RESULTS Consistent fluctuations of hDP 200 levels in uterine fluid were found throughout the menstrual cycle. High levels were found during early proliferative phase and periovulatory period related to significantly lower levels during late proliferative and early luteal phases. CONCLUSION There is menstrual phase dependent variation in the uterine fluid levels of hDP 200.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Halperin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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43
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Li TC, Warren MA, Hill CJ, Saravelos H. Morphology of the human endometrium in the peri-implantation period. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994; 734:169-84. [PMID: 7978914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb21745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Although the histology and ultrastructure of the human endometrium are well documented, it is clear that morphometry can reveal subtle changes in cellular biology, especially when combined with suitable sampling and dating of the specimen. These changes reflect functional events, such as protein secretion, which may be studied using the endometrial flushing technique. Although it is likely that further insights into the basic cell physiology of the reproductive tract will result from the use of appropriate in vitro models, the role of endometrial biopsy for clinical monitoring remains essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Li
- Biomedical Research Unit, Jessop Hospital for Women, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Li TC, Warren MA. Ovulation induction for luteal phase defects and luteal phase defects after ovulation induction. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1993; 7:389-419. [PMID: 8358897 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3552(05)80137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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