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Jones RW, Luna-Cozar J. Dormancy of a specialist herbivore, Anthonomus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in a dry tropical forest. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:nvae054. [PMID: 38822449 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The life history aspects of dormancy of the weevil Anthonomus rufipennis LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were studied a 57-month period in a seasonally dry tropical forest of central Mexico. Weevil populations and their physiological status were monitored on both the reproductive host tree, Senna polyantha (Collad.) H.S: Irwin & Barneby (Fabales: Fabaceae) and the highly favored refuge host, Tillandsia recurvata L. (Poales: Bromeliaceae) or "ball moss." During the dry season, weevils were only found on the refuge host with a mean total density of 1.014 ± 2.532 individuals/ball moss (N = 1,681). Weevil densities on T. recurvata between early and late dry seasons were not significantly different, suggesting that dry season survival was relatively high. Weevils collected during these seasons revealed little reproductive development and relatively high-fat accumulation in both sexes. During 5 of 6 yr, densities of the weevils in T. recurvata dropped significantly during the early rainy seasons, when the reproductive host trees leafed out and began producing oviposition sites (flower buds). At this time, more males than females initially moved to vegetative trees and showed significant signs of reproductive development. Recolonization of ball moss by weevils began during the late rainy season when oviposition sites (flower buds) were still available. A proportion of the weevils remained on the reproductive host, suggesting that A. rufipennis is facultatively multivoltine. The methodologies and results of the study can serve as a model system for future studies of the dormancy of other insects in dry tropical forests and provide insight into the dormancy of other anthonomine weevils of economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wallace Jones
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Jesus Luna-Cozar
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
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2
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Alberti S, Stasolla G, Mazzola S, Casacci LP, Barbero F. Bioacoustic IoT Sensors as Next-Generation Tools for Monitoring: Counting Flying Insects through Buzz. INSECTS 2023; 14:924. [PMID: 38132598 PMCID: PMC10743731 DOI: 10.3390/insects14120924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The global loss of biodiversity is an urgent concern requiring the implementation of effective monitoring. Flying insects, such as pollinators, are vital for ecosystems, and establishing their population dynamics has become essential in conservation biology. Traditional monitoring methods are labour-intensive and show time constraints. In this work, we explore the use of bioacoustic sensors for monitoring flying insects. Data collected at four Italian farms using traditional monitoring methods, such as hand netting and pan traps, and bioacoustic sensors were compared. The results showed a positive correlation between the average number of buzzes per hour and insect abundance measured by traditional methods, primarily by pan traps. Intraday and long-term analysis performed on buzzes revealed temperature-related patterns of insect activity. Passive acoustic monitoring proved to be effective in estimating flying insect abundance, while further development of the algorithm is required to correctly identify insect taxa. Overall, innovative technologies, such as bioacoustic sensors, do not replace the expertise and data quality provided by professionals, but they offer unprecedented opportunities to ease insect monitoring to support conservation biodiversity efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Alberti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy;
| | | | - Simone Mazzola
- 3Bee srl, Via Alessandro Volta 4, 20056 Trezzo Sull’Adda, Italy;
| | - Luca Pietro Casacci
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy;
| | - Francesca Barbero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy;
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3
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Hogg BN, Nelson EH, Daane KM. A comparison of candidate banker plants for management of pests in lettuce. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 52:379-390. [PMID: 37043620 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural systems are often lacking in resources for natural enemies. Providing alternative prey can help natural enemies persist through periods of low pest abundance, although this approach has been rarely commercially implemented in open field crops. In this study, we tested the potential of eight plant species to provide alternative prey to natural enemies in lettuce fields over a 2-yr period. Results showed that the tested plants would not act as sources of the lettuce aphid Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley (Hemiptera: Aphididae), the primary lettuce pest. Of the banker plants tested, barley contained high numbers of non-lettuce aphids and appeared to provide reliable habitat for hoverfly larvae. However, lettuce aphids were present on lettuce early in the season, and may have dwarfed any effects of nonlettuce aphids on natural enemy populations. Numbers of hoverfly larvae were also high in lettuce, but did not appear to track numbers of non-lettuce aphids on banker plants. In contrast, numbers of lacewing larvae were highest on plants containing high numbers of non-lettuce aphids, and predatory hemipterans appeared to be associated with numbers of thrips on banker plants. Although barley showed promise as a source of alternative aphids, it did not appear to improve pest control in the adjacent crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N Hogg
- USDA-ARS, Invasive Species and Pollinator Health Research Unit, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Erik H Nelson
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Dominican University of California, 50 Acacia Avenue, San Rafael, CA 94901, USA
| | - Kent M Daane
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, 137 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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4
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Nakas G, Kantsa A, Vujić A, Mescher MC, De Moraes CΜ, Petanidou T. Recent fire in a Mediterranean ecosystem strengthens hoverfly populations and their interaction networks with plants. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9803. [PMID: 36789333 PMCID: PMC9905663 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fire affects many critical ecological processes, including pollination, and effects of climate change on fire regimes may have profound consequences that are difficult to predict. Considerable work has examined effects of fire on pollinator diversity, but relatively few studies have examined these effects on interaction networks including those of pollinators other than bees. We examined the effects of a severe wildfire on hoverfly pollinators in a Mediterranean island system. Using data collected over 3 consecutive years at burnt and unburnt sites, we documented differences in species diversity, abundance, and functional traits, as well as hoverfly interactions with flowering plants. Hoverfly abundance and species richness peaked during the first post-fire flowering season (year 1), which coincided with the presence of many opportunistic species. Also in year 1, hoverfly pollination networks were larger, less specialized, more nested, and less modular at burnt (vs. unburnt) sites; furthermore, these networks exhibited higher phylogenetic host-plant diversity. These effects declined over the next 2 years, with burnt and unburnt sites converging in similarity to hoverfly communities and interaction networks. While data obtained over 3 years provide a clear timeline of initial post-fire recovery, we emphasize the importance of longer-term monitoring for understanding the responses of natural communities to wildfires, which are projected to become more frequent and more destructive in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Nakas
- Department of GeographyUniversity of the AegeanMytileneGreece
| | - Aphrodite Kantsa
- Department of Environmental System SciencesETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Ante Vujić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Novi SadNovi SadSerbia
| | - Mark C. Mescher
- Department of Environmental System SciencesETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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Cisternas-Fuentes A, Dwyer R, Johnson N, Finnell L, Gilman J, Koski MH. Disentangling the components of pollen limitation in a widespread herb with gametophytic self-incompatibility. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16122. [PMID: 36571452 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Seed production is frequently limited by the receipt of insufficient or low-quality pollen, collectively termed "pollen limitation" (PL). In taxa with gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI), incompatible pollen can germinate on stigmas but pollen tubes are arrested in styles. This allows for estimates of pollen performance before, during, and after self-recognition, as well as insight into the factors underlying pollen quality limitation in GSI taxa. METHODS We scored pollen performance following self and outcross pollinations in Argentina anserina to identify the location of self-recognition and establish the relationship between pollen tubes and seed production. We then estimated quantity and quality components of PL from >3300 field-collected styles. We combined our results with other studies to test the prediction that low pollen quality, but not quantity, drives higher PL in self-incompatible (SI) taxa than in self-compatible taxa (SC). RESULTS Self and outcross pollen germinated readily on stigmas, but 96% of germinated self-pollen was arrested during early tube elongation. Reproduction in the field was more limited by pollen quality than by quantity, and pollen failure near the location of self-recognition was a stronger barrier to fertilization than pollen germination. Across 26 taxa, SI species experienced stronger pollen quality, but not quantity, limitation than SC species. CONCLUSIONS Evaluating pollen performance at multiple points within pistils can elucidate potential causes of pollen quality limitation. The receipt of incompatible pollen inhibits fertilization success more than insufficient pollen receipt or poor pollen germination in A. anserina. Likewise, pollen quality limitation drives high overall PL in other SI taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Cisternas-Fuentes
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Roslynn Dwyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Nicole Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Lindsay Finnell
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gilman
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
| | - Matthew H Koski
- Department of Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
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Green roofs and pollinators, useful green spots for some wild bee species (Hymenoptera: Anthophila), but not so much for hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae). Sci Rep 2023; 13:1449. [PMID: 36702922 PMCID: PMC9879974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanisation has become one of the major anthropogenic drivers behind insect decline in abundance, biomass and species richness over the past decades. As a result, bees and other pollinators' natural habitats are reduced and degraded. Green roofs are frequently recommended as ways to counter the negative impacts of urbanisation on nature and enhance the amount of green space in cities. In this study we evaluated the pollinator (more specifically wild bees and hoverflies) diversity, abundance and species richness on twenty green roofs in Antwerp, Belgium. We analysed the influence of roof characteristics (age, surface area, height, percent cover of green space surrounding each site) on species richness or abundance of pollinators. In total we found 40 different wild bee species on the green roofs. None of the physical roof characteristics appear to explain differences in wild bees species richness and abundance. Neither could we attribute the difference in roof vegetation cover, i.e. roofs build-up with only Sedum species and roofs with a combined cover of Sedum, herbs and grasses, to differences in diversity, abundance, or species richness. We found a positive trend, although not significant, in community weighted mean body size for wild bees with an increase in green roof surface area. Roof wild bee communities were identified as social polylectic individuals, with a preference for ground nesting. Only eleven individuals from eight different hoverfly species were found. Our results show that green roofs can be a suitable habitat for wild bee species living in urban areas regardless of the roofs' characteristics, but hoverflies have more difficulties conquering these urban green spaces.
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Zoller L, Bennett J, Knight TM. Plant-pollinator network change across a century in the subarctic. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:102-112. [PMID: 36593294 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Animal-mediated pollination is a vital ecosystem service to crops and wild plants, and long-term stability of plant-pollinator interactions is therefore crucial for maintaining plant biodiversity and food security. However, it is unknown how the composition of pollinators and the structure of pollinator interactions have changed across longer time spans relevant to examining responses to human activities such as climate change. We resampled an historical dataset of plant-pollinator interactions across several orders of pollinating insects in a subarctic location in Finland that has already experienced substantial climate warming but little land use change. Our results reveal a dramatic turnover in pollinator species and rewiring of plant-pollinator interactions, with only 7% of the interactions shared across time points. The relative abundance of moth and hoverfly pollinators declined between time points, whereas muscoid flies, a group for which little is known regarding conservation status and responses to climate, became more common. Specialist pollinators disproportionately declined, leading to a decrease in network-level specialization, which could have harmful consequences for pollination services. Our results exemplify the changes in plant-pollinator networks that might be expected in other regions as climate change progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leana Zoller
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany. .,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Joanne Bennett
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Tiffany M Knight
- Institute of Biology, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle (Saale), Germany
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8
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Escobedo-Kenefic N, Casiá-Ajché QB, Cardona E, Escobar-González D, Mejía-Coroy A, Enríquez E, Landaverde-González P. Landscape or local? Distinct responses of flower visitor diversity and interaction networks to different land use scales in agricultural tropical highlands. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.974215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Land use change has been identified as a cause for biodiversity loss and has significant effects on pollinators and their interactions with plants. Interaction network analyses complement diversity estimators by providing information on the stability and functionality of the plant-pollinator community in an ecosystem. However, how land use changes affect insect diversity, and the structure of their plant-insect interaction networks, could depend on the intensity of the disturbance but also may be a matter of scale. Our study was carried out in a tropical highland landscape dominated by intense, yet diverse, small-scale agriculture. We studied the effects of land use, at a landscape scale, and local cover and plant ecological descriptors, at a local scale; on diversity descriptors of insect pollinator communities, the abundance of the most frequent flower visitors, and their interaction networks. Seminatural vegetation favored insect flower visitors at both scales. At the landscape scale, human settlements positively influenced bee diversity, and seminatural areas favored the abundance of frequent hoverfly and bumblebee species. At the local scale, bare soil cover negatively influenced honeybee abundance while flower-rich covers positively related to bumblebee abundance. Only local scale variables had influence on network metrics. Bare soil cover was related to higher network specialization, probably due to a low rate of honeybee interactions. Flower-rich covers negatively influenced network connectance but favored modularity. These results suggest that flower resources, provided by weed areas and flowering crops, promote a high rate of interactions between trophic levels and a non-random structure in the interaction networks that may be helping to sustain network stability. Our results highlight the role of seminatural vegetation, at both scales, in maintaining stable insect pollinator communities and interactions in heterogeneous agricultural landscapes of the tropics.
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9
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Valentini B, Barbero F, Casacci LP, Luganini A, Stefanini I. Forests influence yeast populations vectored by insects into vineyards. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1039939. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1039939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIn the vineyard, yeast communities impact the ripening and fermentation of grapes and are influenced by geographical location, climate, and soil characteristics. Despite the great advancement in our knowledge of the vineyard mycobiota, a key step of the process leading to the definition of the vineyard yeast community is still poorly understood: if geography, climate, and soil influence the mycobiota, potentially through selection, where do the yeast originate from, and how can they reach the vineyard? In this perspective, it is currently acknowledged that forests host several yeast species and that insects, particularly social wasps, can vector and maintain the yeasts known to populate the vineyard. Alas, the conveyance, fostered by insects, of yeasts from the forest to the vineyard has not been proven yet. In this study, we aimed to assess the existence of links between a potential natural source of yeasts (woods), the vectors (social wasps), and the composition of the vineyard mycobiota.MethodsFor this purpose, the mycobiota of wasps caught in six Italian vineyards were analyzed over 2 years through culturomics approaches.ResultsThe results clearly indicate that the presence of wooded areas close to vineyards is associated with particular features of the mycobiota vectored by social wasps. Wasps caught in vineyards near wooded areas bear a higher number of yeast cells and higher biodiversity than insects caught in vineyards far from woods. Furthermore, insects caught in vineyards close to woods bear distinctive yeast populations, encompassing species such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.DiscussionOverall, our work provides fundamental insights into the ecology of the vineyard mycobiota and highlights the need to maintain a vineyard-woodland mosaic landscape, thus preserving the suitable habitat for yeast species relevant to wine-making.
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Fonseca CR, Gossner MM, Kollmann J, Brändle M, Paterno GB. Insect herbivores drive sex allocation in angiosperm flowers. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2177-2188. [PMID: 35953880 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Why sex has evolved and is maintained is an open question in evolutionary biology. The Red Queen hypothesis predicts that host lineages subjected to more intense parasite pressure should invest more in sexual reproduction to continuously create novel defences against their rapidly evolving natural enemies. In this comparative study across the angiosperms, we show that hermaphrodite plant species associated with higher species richness of insect herbivores evolved flowers with higher biomass allocation towards the male sex, an indication of their greater outcrossing effort. This pattern remained robust after controlling for key vegetative, reproductive and biogeographical traits, suggesting that long-term herbivory pressure is a key factor driving the selfing-outcrossing gradient of higher plants. Although flower evolution is frequently associated with mutualistic pollinators, our findings support the Red Queen hypothesis and suggest that insect herbivores drive the sexual strategies of flowering plants and their genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.,ETH Zurich, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Zurich, Switzerland.,Chair of Terrestrial Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Chair of Restoration Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Brändle
- Animal Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Department of Ecology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo Brant Paterno
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.,Chair of Restoration Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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Yuan B, Hu GX, Zhang XX, Yuan JK, Fan XM, Yuan DY. What Are the Best Pollinator Candidates for Camelia oleifera: Do Not Forget Hoverflies and Flies. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060539. [PMID: 35735876 PMCID: PMC9224817 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera Abel. is an important woody oil plant, and its pollination success is essential for oil production. We conducted this study to select the best pollinator candidates for C. oleifera using principal component analysis and multi-attribute decision-making. Field observations of the flower-visiting characteristics of candidate pollinators were conducted at three sites. The insect species that visited flowers did not considerably differ between regions or time periods. However, the proportion of each species recorded did vary. We recorded eleven main candidates from two orders and six families at the three sites. The pollen amount carried by Apis mellifera was significantly higher than that of other insects. However, the visit frequency and body length of Apis mellifera were smaller than those of Vespa velutina. Statistical analysis showed that A. mellifera is the best candidate pollinator; Eristaliscerealis is a good candidate pollinator; Phytomia zonata, A. cerana, and V. velutina were ordinary candidate pollinators; and four fly species, Episyrphus balteatus, and Eristalinus arvorum were classified as inefficient candidate pollinators. Our study shows that flies and hoverflies play an important role in the pollination system. Given the global decline in bee populations, the role of flies should also be considered in C. oleifera seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (B.Y.); (G.-X.H.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.-K.Y.)
- Key Lab of Non-Wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Guan-Xing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (B.Y.); (G.-X.H.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.-K.Y.)
- Key Lab of Non-Wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (B.Y.); (G.-X.H.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.-K.Y.)
- Key Lab of Non-Wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Jing-Kun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (B.Y.); (G.-X.H.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.-K.Y.)
- Key Lab of Non-Wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Fan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (B.Y.); (G.-X.H.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.-K.Y.)
- Key Lab of Non-Wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence: (X.-M.F.); (D.-Y.Y.)
| | - De-Yi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (B.Y.); (G.-X.H.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.-K.Y.)
- Key Lab of Non-Wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence: (X.-M.F.); (D.-Y.Y.)
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12
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Hall MA, Stavert JR, Saunders ME, Barr S, Haberle SG, Rader R. Pollen-insect interaction meta-networks identify key relationships for conservation in mosaic agricultural landscapes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2537. [PMID: 35038208 PMCID: PMC9285751 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flower visitors use different parts of the landscape through the plants they visit, however these connections vary within and among land uses. Identifying which flower-visiting insects are carrying pollen, and from where in the landscape, can elucidate key pollen-insect interactions and identify the most important sites for maintaining community-level interactions across land uses. We developed a bipartite meta-network, linking pollen-insect interactions with the sites they occur in. We used this to identify which land-use types at the site- and landscape-scale (within 500 m of a site) are most important for conserving pollen-insect interactions. We compared pollen-insect interactions across four different land uses (remnant native forest, avocado orchard, dairy farm, rotational potato crop) within a mosaic agricultural landscape. We sampled insects using flight intercept traps, identified pollen carried on their bodies and quantified distinct pollen-insect interactions that were highly specialized to both natural and modified land uses. We found that sites in crops and dairy farms had higher richness of pollen-insect interactions and higher interaction strength than small forest patches and orchards. Further, many interactions involved pollinator groups such as flies, wasps, and beetles that are often under-represented in pollen-insect network studies, but were often connector species in our networks. These insect groups require greater attention to enable wholistic pollinator community conservation. Pollen samples were dominated by grass (Poaceae) pollen, indicating anemophilous plant species may provide important food resources for pollinators, particularly in modified land uses. Field-scale land use (within 100 m of a site) better predicted pollen-insect interaction richness, uniqueness, and strength than landscape-scale. Thus, management focused at smaller scales may provide more tractable outcomes for conserving or restoring pollen-insect interactions in modified landscapes. For instance, actions aimed at linking high-richness sites with those containing unique (i.e., rare) interactions by enhancing floral corridors along field boundaries and between different land uses may best aid interaction diversity and connectance. The ability to map interactions across sites using a meta-network approach is practical and can inform land-use planning, whereby conservation efforts can be targeted toward areas that host key interactions between plant and pollinator species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Hall
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
- Hawksbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Jamie R. Stavert
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Conservation – Te Papa AtawhaiAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Manu E. Saunders
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shannon Barr
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Simon G. Haberle
- School of Culture, History and Language, ANU College of Asia and the PacificAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, ANU College of Asia and the PacificAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia
| | - Romina Rader
- School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNew South WalesAustralia
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13
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Helderop E, Bienenstock EJ, Grubesic TH, Miller J, Tong D, Brosi B, Jha S. Network-based geoforensics: Connecting pollen and plants to place. ECOL INFORM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Tarakini G, Chemura A, Tarakini T, Musundire R. Drivers of diversity and community structure of bees in an agroecological region of Zimbabwe. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6415-6426. [PMID: 34141228 PMCID: PMC8207386 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide bees provide an important ecosystem service of plant pollination. Climate change and land-use changes are among drivers threatening bee survival with mounting evidence of species decline and extinction. In developing countries, rural areas constitute a significant proportion of the country's land, but information is lacking on how different habitat types and weather patterns in these areas influence bee populations.This study investigated how weather variables and habitat-related factors influence the abundance, diversity, and distribution of bees across seasons in a farming rural area of Zimbabwe. Bees were systematically sampled in five habitat types (natural woodlots, pastures, homesteads, fields, and gardens) recording ground cover, grass height, flower abundance and types, tree abundance and recorded elevation, temperature, light intensity, wind speed, wind direction, and humidity. Zero-inflated models, censored regression models, and PCAs were used to understand the influence of explanatory variables on bee community composition, abundance, and diversity.Bee abundance was positively influenced by the number of plant species in flower (p < .0001). Bee abundance increased with increasing temperatures up to 28.5°C, but beyond this, temperature was negatively associated with bee abundance. Increasing wind speeds marginally decreased probability of finding bees.Bee diversity was highest in fields, homesteads, and natural woodlots compared with other habitats, and the contributions of the genus Apis were disproportionately high across all habitats. The genus Megachile was mostly associated with homesteads, while Nomia was associated with grasslands.Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that some bee species could become more proliferous in certain habitats, thus compromising diversity and consequently ecosystem services. These results highlight the importance of setting aside bee-friendly habitats that can be refuge sites for species susceptible to land-use changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gugulethu Tarakini
- Department of Crop science and Post‐Harvest TechnologyChinhoyi University of TechnologyChinhoyiZimbabwe
- Research and Education for Sustainable ActionsChinhoyiZimbabwe
| | - Abel Chemura
- Department of Environmental Science & TechnologyChinhoyi University of TechnologyChinhoyiZimbabwe
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact ResearchMember of the Leibniz AssociationPotsdamGermany
| | - Tawanda Tarakini
- Research and Education for Sustainable ActionsChinhoyiZimbabwe
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationChinhoyi University of TechnologyChinhoyiZimbabwe
| | - Robert Musundire
- Department of Crop science and Post‐Harvest TechnologyChinhoyi University of TechnologyChinhoyiZimbabwe
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15
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Monteiro BL, Camargo MGG, Loiola PDP, Carstensen DW, Gustafsson S, Morellato LPC. Pollination in the campo rupestre: a test of hypothesis for an ancient tropical mountain vegetation. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The campo rupestre is a Neotropical OCBIL (old, climatically buffered infertile landscape), a grassy-shrub vegetation with high species richness and endemism, characterized by rocky outcrops surrounded by grasslands distributed in South American ancient mountaintops. We tested one OCBIL prediction: the prevalence of long-distance pollinators ensuring cross-pollination across the archipelago-like landscapes of the campo rupestre. We described the pollination systems and tested whether their frequency differed across vegetation types and elevation, focusing on long-distance systems. We performed non-systematic and systematic surveys of plants and plant-pollinator interactions across the elevation gradient and vegetation types. We also reviewed the literature on campo rupestre pollination and applied an accuracy criterion to infer 11 pollination systems. The bee system was split into large bee (long-distance) and small bee (shorter distances) to test the prevalence of long-distance pollination systems. We surveyed 413 pollinator species, mostly bees (220) and flies (69). Among the 636 plant species studied, the bee pollination system was dominant (56%), followed by wind and hummingbird. Wind, small-bee and fly pollination systems increased with elevation, and small-bee and wind pollination systems prevailed in grasslands. Large-bee and hummingbird long-distance pollination systems remained unchanged with elevation and were more frequent in the highly isolated rocky outcrops corroborating the OCBIL theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Lopes Monteiro
- Phenology Laboratory, Department of Biodiversity, Biosciences Institute, UNESP–São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Gutierrez Camargo
- Phenology Laboratory, Department of Biodiversity, Biosciences Institute, UNESP–São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla De Paula Loiola
- Phenology Laboratory, Department of Biodiversity, Biosciences Institute, UNESP–São Paulo State University, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Wisbech Carstensen
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simone Gustafsson
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Cullen N, Xia J, Wei N, Kaczorowski R, Arceo-Gómez G, O'Neill E, Hayes R, Ashman TL. Diversity and composition of pollen loads carried by pollinators are primarily driven by insect traits, not floral community characteristics. Oecologia 2021; 196:131-143. [PMID: 33839922 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Flowering plants require conspecific pollen to reproduce but they often also receive heterospecific pollen, suggesting that pollinators carry mixed pollen loads. However, little is known about drivers of abundance, diversity or composition of pollen carried by pollinators. Are insect-carried pollen loads shaped by pollinator traits, or do they reflect available floral resources? We quantified pollen on 251 individual bees and 95 flies in a florally diverse community. We scored taxonomic order, sex, body size, hairiness and ecological specialization of pollinators, and recorded composition of available flowers. We used phylogenetically controlled model selection to compare relative influences of pollinator traits and floral resources on abundance, diversity and composition of insect-carried pollen. We tested congruence between composition of pollen loads and available flowers. Pollinator size, specialization and type (female bee, male bee, or fly) described pollen abundance, diversity and composition better than floral diversity. Pollen loads varied widely among insects (10-80,000,000 grains, 1-16 species). Pollen loads of male bees were smaller, but vastly more diverse than those of female bees, and equivalent in size but modestly more diverse than those of flies. Pollen load size and diversity were positively correlated with body size but negatively correlated with insect ecological specialization. These traits also drove variation in taxonomic and phylogenetic composition of insect-carried pollen loads, but composition was only weakly congruent with available floral resources. Qualities of pollinators best predict abundance and diversity of carried pollen indicating that functional composition of pollinator communities may be important to structuring heterospecific pollen transfer among plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- The Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, OH, 44094, USA
| | - Rainee Kaczorowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Gerardo Arceo-Gómez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Elizabeth O'Neill
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Rebecca Hayes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Tia-Lynn Ashman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA.
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17
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Rivest S, Lajoie G, Watts DA, Vellend M. Earlier spring reduces potential for gene flow via reduced flowering synchrony across an elevational gradient. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:538-545. [PMID: 33733494 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE One of the best-documented ecological responses to climate warming involves temporal shifts of phenological events. However, we lack an understanding of how phenological responses to climate change vary among populations of the same species. Such variability has the potential to affect flowering synchrony among populations and hence the potential for gene flow. METHODS To test whether an earlier start of the growing season affects the potential for gene flow among populations, we quantified the distributions of flowering times of two spring-flowering plants (Trillium erectum and Erythronium americanum) over 6 years along an elevational gradient. We developed a novel model-based metric of potential gene flow between pairs of populations to quantify the potential for pollen-mediated gene flow based on flowering phenology. RESULTS Earlier onset of spring led to greater separation of peak flowering dates across the elevational gradient for both species investigated, but was only associated with a reduction in potential gene flow in T. erectum, not E. americanum. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that climate change could decrease gene flow via phenological separation among populations along climatic gradients. We also provide a novel method for quantifying potential pollen-mediated gene flow using data on flowering phenology, based on a quantitative, more biologically interpretable model than other available metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Rivest
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geneviève Lajoie
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, H2X 1Y4, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David A Watts
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Mark Vellend
- Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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18
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Howlett B, Todd J, Willcox B, Rader R, Nelson W, Gee M, Schmidlin F, Read S, Walker M, Gibson D, Davidson M. Using non-bee and bee pollinator-plant species interactions to design diverse plantings benefiting crop pollination services. ADV ECOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Gemeinholzer B, Reiker J, Müller CM, Wissemann V. Genotypic and phenotypic distinctness of restored and indigenous populations of Pimpinella saxifraga L. 8 or more years after restoration. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:1092-1101. [PMID: 32810916 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of altered or damaged ecosystems demands large-scale reintroductions of seeds. In the past, ecological restoration in Germany was carried out with non-local seeds of naturally occurring species. We here analysed whether the genetic pattern of the introduced non-local seeds (R = restored) of Pimpinella saxifraga are still detectable several years after application and whether the phenotype differs from that of the regional gene pool (I = indigenous) of the species. We collected material from individuals of R and I sites, conducted a common garden experiment and tested for genetic, morphological and phenotypic differences. In a cutting experiment we investigate treatment effects on indigenous and restored populations. At all investigated sites we only found P. saxifraga individuals with comparatively similar genome sizes. The population genetic analysis revealed two large and quite distinct molecular clusters, separating indigenous and restored individuals along the first axis. None of the vegetative, but two of the reproductive fitness parameters differed between individuals of the R and I sites. Cutting always had a significant influence on all analysed vegetative and reproductive fitness parameters, regardless of the individuals' origin. The effects of mowing always mask origin-specific characteristics, which then disappear. Genotypic coexistence reduces the availability of niches for the local genotype and may eventually lead to genotypic competition or introgression. We therefore recommend not to use non-local genotypes of this species in the region. Instead, we recommend using the genetically diverse local genotypes of P. saxifraga for restoration purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gemeinholzer
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - J Reiker
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - C M Müller
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - V Wissemann
- Institute of Botany, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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20
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Chisausky JL, Soley NM, Kassim L, Bryan CJ, Miranda GFG, Gage KL, Sipes SD. Syrphidae of Southern Illinois: Diversity, floral associations, and preliminary assessment of their efficacy as pollinators. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e57331. [PMID: 33199967 PMCID: PMC7644652 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e57331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are a cosmopolitan group of flower-visiting insects, though their diversity and importance as pollinators is understudied and often unappreciated. Data on 1,477 Syrphid occurrences and floral associations from three years of pollinator collection (2017-2019) in the Southern Illinois region of Illinois, United States, are here compiled and analyzed. We collected 69 species in 36 genera off of the flowers of 157 plant species. While a richness of 69 species is greater than most other families of flower-visiting insects in our region, a species accumulation curve and regional species pool estimators suggest that at least 33 species are yet uncollected. In order to further the understanding of Syrphidae as pollinators in the Southern Illinois region, we produced a NMDS ordination of floral associations for the most common syrphid species. The NMDS did not sort syrphid species into discrete ecological guilds, and syrphid floral associations generally fit those predicted by traditional pollination syndromes. We also conducted a preliminary analysis of the pollen-carrying capacity of different syrphid taxa, which found several Eristalis species to carry pollen loads comparable to the European Honey Bee, Apismellifera, and showed significant differences in the pollen-carrying capacity of various syrphid species. Notably, the extremely common genus Toxomerus and other small Syrphinae species carried very little pollen, while large and pilose Eristalinae species carried large pollen loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Chisausky
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale, School of Biological Sciences, Carbondale, IL, United States of America Southern Illinois University Carbondale, School of Biological Sciences Carbondale, IL United States of America
| | - Nathan M Soley
- Iowa State University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Ames, IA, United States of America Iowa State University, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Ames, IA United States of America.,Southern Illinois University Carbondale, School of Biological Sciences, Carbondale, IL, United States of America Southern Illinois University Carbondale, School of Biological Sciences Carbondale, IL United States of America
| | - Leila Kassim
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale, School of Biological Sciences, Carbondale, IL, United States of America Southern Illinois University Carbondale, School of Biological Sciences Carbondale, IL United States of America
| | - Casey J Bryan
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale, School of Biological Sciences, Carbondale, IL, United States of America Southern Illinois University Carbondale, School of Biological Sciences Carbondale, IL United States of America
| | - Gil Felipe Gonçalves Miranda
- Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Canada Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes Ottawa Canada
| | - Karla L Gage
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale, College of Agricultural Sciences, Carbondale, IL, United States of America Southern Illinois University Carbondale, College of Agricultural Sciences Carbondale, IL United States of America.,Southern Illinois University Carbondale, School of Biological Sciences, Carbondale, IL, United States of America Southern Illinois University Carbondale, School of Biological Sciences Carbondale, IL United States of America
| | - Sedonia D Sipes
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale, School of Biological Sciences, Carbondale, IL, United States of America Southern Illinois University Carbondale, School of Biological Sciences Carbondale, IL United States of America
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21
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Wu CC, Chang SH, Tung CW, Ho CK, Gogorcena Y, Chu FH. Identification of hybridization and introgression between Cinnamomum kanehirae Hayata and C. camphora (L.) Presl using genotyping-by-sequencing. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15995. [PMID: 32994441 PMCID: PMC7525239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamomum kanehirae Hayata and C. camphora (L.) Presl are important tree species in eastern Asia. The wood of C. kanehirae is in increasing demand for culturing Antrodia cinnamomea, a medicinal fungus that naturally grows inside the trunk of C. kanehirae. Putative hybrids between C. kanehirae and C. camphora were previously reported but with no scientific evidence, leading to confusion or misplanting. First, to identify the female parent of putative hybrids, the maternal inheritance InDel (insertion/deletion) markers were developed by using low-coverage sequencing. SNPs were developed by using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach in C. kanehirae, C. camphora and putative hybrids. The results indicated that the female parent of the studied hybrids was C. camphora. Eight hundred and forty of the 529,006 high-density SNPs were selected and used for analysis. Hybrids were classified as F1 (C. kanehirae × C. camphora), F2 and backcrosses. Hybridization has occurred in the human-developed area of eastern and southwestern Taiwan, and the introgression was bidirectional. For producing pure wood, buffering zones should be established around seed orchards to avoid cross-species pollination and to preserve the genetic purity of C. kanehirae. The DNA markers developed in this study will also be valuable for further wood identification, breeding and evolutionary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Wu
- Silviculture Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hwa Chang
- Silviculture Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Tung
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuen Ho
- Silviculture Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yolanda Gogorcena
- Laboratory of Genomics, Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Trees and Grapevines, Experimental Station of Aula Dei-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fang-Hua Chu
- School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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Chan KMA, Satterfield T. The maturation of ecosystem services: Social and policy research expands, but whither biophysically informed valuation? PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kai M. A. Chan
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Sustainability The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Terre Satterfield
- Institute of Resources, Environment and Sustainability The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
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23
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Cook DF, Voss SC, Finch JTD, Rader RC, Cook JM, Spurr CJ. The Role of Flies as Pollinators of Horticultural Crops: An Australian Case Study with Worldwide Relevance. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11060341. [PMID: 32498457 PMCID: PMC7349676 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Australian horticulture relies heavily on the introduced managed honey bee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae), to pollinate crops. Given the risks associated with reliance upon a single species, it would be prudent to identify other taxa that could be managed to provide crop pollination services. We reviewed the literature relating to the distribution, efficiency and management potential of a number of flies (Diptera) known to visit pollinator-dependent crops in Australia and worldwide. Applying this information, we identified the taxa most suitable to play a greater role as managed pollinators in Australian crops. Of the taxa reviewed, flower visitation by representatives from the dipteran families Calliphoridae, Rhiniidae and Syrphidae was frequently reported in the literature. While data available are limited, there was clear evidence of pollination by these flies in a range of crops. A review of fly morphology, foraging behaviour and physiology revealed considerable potential for their development as managed pollinators, either alone or to augment honey bee services. Considering existing pollination evidence, along with the distribution, morphology, behaviour and life history traits of introduced and endemic species, 11 calliphorid, two rhiniid and seven syrphid species were identified as candidates with high potential for use in Australian managed pollination services. Research directions for the comprehensive assessment of the pollination abilities of the identified taxa to facilitate their development as a pollination service are described. This triage approach to identifying species with high potential to become significant managed pollinators at local or regional levels is clearly widely applicable to other countries and taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Cook
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-9368-3084
| | - Sasha C Voss
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Jonathan T D Finch
- Plants Animals and Interactions, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (J.T.D.F.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Romina C Rader
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Madgewick Drive, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia;
| | - James M Cook
- Plants Animals and Interactions, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; (J.T.D.F.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Cameron J Spurr
- SeedPurity Pty Ltd., 2 Derwent Avenue, Margate, Tasmania 7054, Australia;
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24
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Dunn L, Lequerica M, Reid CR, Latty T. Dual ecosystem services of syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae): pollinators and biological control agents. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1973-1979. [PMID: 32115861 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
With increasing worldwide pressure on bee pollinator populations and an increase in insecticide resistance amongst pest insects, there is a growing need for diversification of pollinator and pest control systems. Syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) contribute ecosystem services to agroecosystems through their supporting roles as crop pollinators and predators of pests. Adult syrphids are important pollinators with high floral visitation rates and pollen carrying capacity, while predatory syrphid larvae are natural biological control agents, reducing aphid populations in both field and laboratory conditions. The present challenge is to determine whether syrphid flies have the potential for application as pollinators and in integrated pest management schemes as biological control agents. Currently, there are gaps in research that are hindering the use of syrphids as dual service providers. Such gaps include a lack of knowledge of syrphid floral preferences, the role and viability of adult syrphids as pollinators in natural and agro-ecological pollinator networks, and the predatory efficiency of larvae in field and glasshouse conditions. By reviewing relevant literature, we demonstrate syrphid flies have the potential to be used as pollinators and biological control agents. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda Dunn
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Manuel Lequerica
- Integrative Ecology Lab, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chris R Reid
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - Tanya Latty
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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25
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Doyle T, Hawkes WLS, Massy R, Powney GD, Menz MHM, Wotton KR. Pollination by hoverflies in the Anthropocene. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200508. [PMID: 32429807 PMCID: PMC7287354 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollinator declines, changes in land use and climate-induced shifts in phenology have the potential to seriously affect ecosystem function and food security by disrupting pollination services provided by insects. Much of the current research focuses on bees, or groups other insects together as 'non-bee pollinators', obscuring the relative contribution of this diverse group of organisms. Prominent among the 'non-bee pollinators' are the hoverflies, known to visit at least 72% of global food crops, which we estimate to be worth around US$300 billion per year, together with over 70% of animal pollinated wildflowers. In addition, hoverflies provide ecosystem functions not seen in bees, such as crop protection from pests, recycling of organic matter and long-distance pollen transfer. Migratory species, in particular, can be hugely abundant and unlike many insect pollinators, do not yet appear to be in serious decline. In this review, we contrast the roles of hoverflies and bees as pollinators, discuss the need for research and monitoring of different pollinator responses to anthropogenic change and examine emerging research into large populations of migratory hoverflies, the threats they face and how they might be used to improve sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Doyle
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Will L. S. Hawkes
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Richard Massy
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Gary D. Powney
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
- Oxford Martin School and School of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3BD, UK
| | - Myles H. M. Menz
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Radolfzell, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karl R. Wotton
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Penryn, UK
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de Manincor N, Hautekèete N, Mazoyer C, Moreau P, Piquot Y, Schatz B, Schmitt E, Zélazny M, Massol F. How biased is our perception of plant-pollinator networks? A comparison of visit- and pollen-based representations of the same networks. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2020.103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jung S, Lauter J, Hartung NM, These A, Hamscher G, Wissemann V. Genetic and chemical diversity of the toxic herb Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. (syn. Senecio jacobaea L.) in Northern Germany. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 172:112235. [PMID: 31926379 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tansy ragwort, Jacobaea vulgaris Gaertn. (syn. Senecio jacobaea L.), is a common Asteraceae in Europe and Asia and known to be an invasive pest in several regions in the world. Recently it is also spreading immensely in native regions like Northern Germany. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which are found in high amounts in Jacobaea vulgaris, are toxic for humans and potentially lethal for grazing animals. In this study we investigated 27 populations of tansy ragwort in Northern Germany for their PA concentration and composition using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Furthermore, we investigated the genetic structure of selected populations using amplified length polymorphism markers. We detected 98 different PAs in the samples and considerable differences of PA composition between populations. In contrast, PA content of populations did not differ significantly. Genetic (4%) differentiation among populations was low while average genetic diversity was high (0.35). There was no correlation between genetic and geographic distance. Neither genetic markers nor chemical composition revealed any connection to the geographic pattern. As we could not detect any pattern in genetic or chemical diversity, we suggest that the existence of this diversity is a result of a broad interaction with the environment rather than that of evolutionary constraints in the current selection process driving PA composition in J. vulgaris in certain chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Jung
- Systematic Botany, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany.
| | - Jan Lauter
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicole M Hartung
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Anja These
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Safety in the Food Chain, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Germany
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de Manincor N, Hautekeete N, Piquot Y, Schatz B, Vanappelghem C, Massol F. Does phenology explain plant–pollinator interactions at different latitudes? An assessment of its explanatory power in plant–hoverfly networks in French calcareous grasslands. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Hautekeete
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 – Evo‐Eco‐Paleo FR‐59000 Lille France
| | - Yves Piquot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 – Evo‐Eco‐Paleo FR‐59000 Lille France
| | - Bertrand Schatz
- CEFE, EPHE‐PSL, CNRS, Univ. of Montpellier, Univ. of Paul Valéry Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Cédric Vanappelghem
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 – Evo‐Eco‐Paleo FR‐59000 Lille France
- Conservatoire d'espaces naturels Nord et du Pas‐de‐Calais Lillers France
| | - François Massol
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 – Evo‐Eco‐Paleo FR‐59000 Lille France
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Inst. Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 8204 – CIIL – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS Lille France
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Daniels JD, Arceo-Gómez G. Effects of invasive Cirsium arvense on pollination in a southern Appalachian floral community vary with spatial scale and floral symmetry. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Page ML, Ison JL, Bewley AL, Holsinger KM, Kaul AD, Koch KE, Kolis KM, Wagenius S. Pollinator effectiveness in a composite: a specialist bee pollinates more florets but does not move pollen farther than other visitors. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:1487-1498. [PMID: 31713237 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Variation in pollinator effectiveness may contribute to pollen limitation in fragmented plant populations. In plants with multiovulate ovaries, the number of conspecific pollen grains per stigma often predicts seed set and is used to quantify pollinator effectiveness. In the Asteraceae, however, florets are uniovulate, which suggests that the total amount of pollen deposited per floret may not measure pollinator effectiveness. We examined two aspects of pollinator effectiveness-effective pollen deposition and effective pollen movement-for insects visiting Echinacea angustifolia, a composite that is pollen limited in small, isolated populations. METHODS We filmed insect visits to Echinacea in two prairie restorations and used these videos to quantify behavior that might predict effectiveness. To quantify effective pollen deposition, we used the number of styles shriveled per visit. To quantify effective pollen movement, we conducted paternity analysis on a subset of offspring and measured the pollen movement distance between mates. RESULTS Effective pollen deposition varied among taxa. Andrena helianthiformis, a Heliantheae oligolege, was the most effective taxon, shriveling more than twice the proportion of styles as all other visitors. Differences in visitor behavior on a flowering head did not explain variation in effective pollen deposition, nor did flowering phenology. On average, visitors moved pollen 16 m between plants, and this distance did not vary among taxa. CONCLUSIONS Andrena helianthiformis is an important pollinator of Echinacea. Variation in reproductive fitness of Echinacea in fragmented habitat may result, in part, from the abundance of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Page
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
- Biology Department, Scripps College, 1030 Columbia Avenue, Claremont, California, 91711, USA
| | - Jennifer L Ison
- Biology Department, College of Wooster, 1189 Beall Avenue, Wooster, Ohio, 44691, USA
| | - Alison L Bewley
- Biology Department, Wittenberg University, 200 W. Ward Street, Springfield, Ohio, 45504, USA
| | - Keaton M Holsinger
- Biology Department, Wabash College, 301 West Wabash Avenue, Crawfordsville, Indiana, 47933, USA
| | - Andrew D Kaul
- Biology Department, St. Olaf College, 1520 St. Olaf Avenue, Northfield, Minnesota, 55057, USA
| | - Katie E Koch
- Biology Department, Lakeland University, W3718 South Drive, Plymouth, Wisconsin, 53073, USA
| | - Kory M Kolis
- Biology Department, Gustavus Adolphus College, 800 West College Avenue, Saint Peter, Minnesota, 56082, USA
| | - Stuart Wagenius
- Division of Plant Biology and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe, Illinois, 60022, USA
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Zhang H, Zhou Z, An J. Pollen Release Dynamics and Daily Patterns of Pollen-Collecting Activity of Honeybee Apis mellifera and Bumblebee Bombus lantschouensis in Solar Greenhouse. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10070216. [PMID: 31336589 PMCID: PMC6681390 DOI: 10.3390/insects10070216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pollen is important not only for pollination and fertilization of plants, but also for colony development of bee pollinators. Anther dehiscence determines the available pollen that can be collected by foragers. In China, honeybees and bumblebees are widely used as pollinators in solar greenhouse agriculture. To better understand the effect of solar greenhouse microclimates on pollen release and pollen-foraging behaviour, we observed the anther dehiscence dynamics and daily pollen-collecting activity of Apis mellifera and Bombus lantschouensis during peach anthesis in a solar greenhouse in Beijing. Microclimate factors had a significant effect on anther dehiscence and bee foraging behaviour. The proportion of dehisced anthers increased with increasing temperature and decreasing relative humidity and peaked from 11:00 h to 14:00 h, coinciding with the peak pollen-collecting activity of bees. On sunny days, most pollen grains were collected by the two pollinators within two hours after anther dehiscence, at which time the viability of pollen had not yet significantly decreased. Our study helps us to better understand the relationship between food resources and pollinator foraging behaviour and to make better use of bees for pollination in Chinese solar greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jiandong An
- Key Laboratory for Insect-Pollinator Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.
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Lyytinen A, Lindström L. Responses of a native plant species from invaded and uninvaded areas to allelopathic effects of an invader. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:6116-6123. [PMID: 31161023 PMCID: PMC6540692 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invaders exert new selection pressures on the resident species, for example, through competition for resources or by using novel weapons. It has been shown that novel weapons aid invasion but it is unclear whether native species co-occurring with invaders have adapted to tolerate these novel weapons. Those resident species which are able to adapt to new selective agents can co-occur with an invader while others face a risk of local extinction. We ran a factorial common garden experiment to study whether a native plant species, Anthriscus sylvestris, has been able to evolve a greater tolerance to the allelochemicals exerted by the invader, Lupinus polyphyllus. Lupinus polyphyllus produces allelochemicals which potentially act as a novel, strong selective agent on A. sylvestris. We grew A. sylvestris seedlings collected from uninvaded (naïve) and invaded (experienced) sites growing alone and in competition with L. polyphyllus in pots filled with soil with and without activated carbon. Because activated carbon absorbs allelochemicals, its addition should improve especially naïve A. sylvestris performance in the presence of the invader. To distinguish the allelochemicals absorption and fertilizing effects of activated carbon, we grew plants also in a mixture of soil and fertilizer. A common garden experiment indicated that the performances of naïve and experienced A. sylvestris seedlings did not differ when grown with L. polyphyllus. The addition of activated carbon, which reduces interference by allelochemicals, did not induce differences in their performances although it had a positive effect on the aboveground biomass of A. sylvestris. Together, these results suggest that naïve and experienced A. sylvestris plants tolerated equally the invader L. polyphyllus and thus the tolerance has not occurred over the course of invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lyytinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions ResearchUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Leena Lindström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions ResearchUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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Woodcock BA, Garratt MPD, Powney GD, Shaw RF, Osborne JL, Soroka J, Lindström SAM, Stanley D, Ouvrard P, Edwards ME, Jauker F, McCracken ME, Zou Y, Potts SG, Rundlöf M, Noriega JA, Greenop A, Smith HG, Bommarco R, van der Werf W, Stout JC, Steffan-Dewenter I, Morandin L, Bullock JM, Pywell RF. Meta-analysis reveals that pollinator functional diversity and abundance enhance crop pollination and yield. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1481. [PMID: 30931943 PMCID: PMC6443707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
How insects promote crop pollination remains poorly understood in terms of the contribution of functional trait differences between species. We used meta-analyses to test for correlations between community abundance, species richness and functional trait metrics with oilseed rape yield, a globally important crop. While overall abundance is consistently important in predicting yield, functional divergence between species traits also showed a positive correlation. This result supports the complementarity hypothesis that pollination function is maintained by non-overlapping trait distributions. In artificially constructed communities (mesocosms), species richness is positively correlated with yield, although this effect is not seen under field conditions. As traits of the dominant species do not predict yield above that attributed to the effect of abundance alone, we find no evidence in support of the mass ratio hypothesis. Management practices increasing not just pollinator abundance, but also functional divergence, could benefit oilseed rape agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Woodcock
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - M P D Garratt
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AL, UK
| | - G D Powney
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - R F Shaw
- Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - J L Osborne
- Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
| | - J Soroka
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada/Government of Canada, Saskatoon, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - S A M Lindström
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Swedish Rural Economy and Agricultural Society, Kristianstad, S-291 09, Sweden
| | - D Stanley
- Botany and Plant Science, School of Natural Sciences, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - P Ouvrard
- University Catholique do Louvain, ELIA, Croix du Sud 2/L7.05.14, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M E Edwards
- Leaside, Carron Lane, Midhurst, West Sussex, GU29 9LB, UK
| | - F Jauker
- Department of Animal Ecology, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, 26-32, 35932, Giessen, Germany
| | - M E McCracken
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Y Zou
- Department of Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - S G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AL, UK
| | - M Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - J A Noriega
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Science, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - A Greenop
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - H G Smith
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, S-223 62, Sweden
| | - R Bommarco
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, SE-750 07, Sweden
| | - W van der Werf
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6700, The Netherlands
| | - J C Stout
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - I Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - L Morandin
- Pollinator Partnership Canada, Head Office, 423 Washington Street, 5th floor, San Francisco, CA, 94111, USA
| | - J M Bullock
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - R F Pywell
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
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Lozada-Gobilard S, Weigend M, Fischer E, Janssens SB, Ackermann M, Abrahamczyk S. Breeding systems in Balsaminaceae in relation to pollen/ovule ratio, pollination syndromes, life history and climate zone. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:157-166. [PMID: 30134002 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pollen/ovule (P/O) ratios are often used as proxy for breeding systems. Here, we investigate the relations between breeding systems and P/O ratios, pollination syndromes, life history and climate zone in Balsaminaceae. We conducted controlled breeding system experiments (autonomous and active self-pollination and outcrossing tests) for 65 Balsaminaceae species, analysed pollen grain and ovule numbers and evaluated the results in combination with data on pollination syndrome, life history and climate zone on a phylogenetic basis. Based on fruit set, we assigned three breeding systems: autogamy, self-compatibility and self-incompatibility. Self-pollination led to lower fruit set than outcrossing. We neither found significant P/O differences between breeding systems nor between pollination syndromes. However, the numbers of pollen grains and ovules per flower were significantly lower in autogamous species, but pollen grain and ovule numbers did not differ between most pollination syndromes. Finally, we found no relation between breeding system and climate zone, but a relation between climate zone and life history. In Balsaminaceae reproductive traits can change under resource or pollinator limitation, leading to the evolution of autogamy, but are evolutionary rather constant and not under strong selection pressure by pollinator guild and geographic range changes. Colonisation of temperate regions, however, is correlated with transitions towards annual life history. Pollen/ovule-ratios, commonly accepted as good indicators of breeding system, have a low predictive value in Balsaminaceae. In the absence of experimental data on breeding system, additional floral traits (overall pollen grain and ovule number, traits of floral morphology) may be used as proxies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lozada-Gobilard
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Biodiversity Research/Systematic Botany, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - M Weigend
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - E Fischer
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences - Biology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
| | | | - M Ackermann
- Institute for Integrated Natural Sciences - Biology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Koblenz, Germany
| | - S Abrahamczyk
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Klecka J, Hadrava J, Biella P, Akter A. Flower visitation by hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in a temperate plant-pollinator network. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6025. [PMID: 30533311 PMCID: PMC6282941 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are among the most important pollinators, although they attract less attention than bees. They are usually thought to be rather opportunistic flower visitors, although previous studied demonstrated that they show colour preferences and their nectar feeding is affected by morphological constraints related to flower morphology. Despite the growing appreciation of hoverflies and other non-bee insects as pollinators, there is a lack of community-wide studies of flower visitation by syrphids. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed analysis of flower visitation patterns in a species rich community of syrphids in a Central European grassland and to evaluate how species traits shape the structure of the plant-hoverfly flower visitation network. We found that different species varied in the level of specialisation, and while some species visited a similar spectre of flowers, others partitioned resources more strongly. There was a consistent difference in both specialisation and flower preferences between three syrphid subfamilies. Eristalinae and Pipizinae were more specialised than Syrphinae. Trait-based analyses showed that relative flower visitation (i) increased with plant height, but most strongly in Eristalinae; (ii) increased with inflorescence size in small species from all three subfamilies, but was independent of inflorescence size in large species of Eristalinae and Syrphinae; and (iii) depended on flower colour, but in a subfamily-specific way. Eristalinae showed the strongest flower colour preferences for white flowers, Pipizinae visited mostly white and yellow flowers, while Syrphinae were less affected by flower colour. Exploration of the structure of the plant-hoverfly flower visitation network showed that the network was both modular and nested. We also found that there were almost no differences in specialisation and relative visitation frequency between males and females. Overall, we showed that flower visitation in syrphids was affected by phylogenetic relatedness, body size of syrphids and several plant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klecka
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hadrava
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paolo Biella
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Asma Akter
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Zhao Y, Lázaro A, Ren Z, Zhou W, Li H, Tao Z, Xu K, Wu Z, Wolfe LM, Li D, Wang H. The topological differences between visitation and pollen transport networks: a comparison in species rich communities of the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences CN‐650201 Kunming PR China
| | - Amparo Lázaro
- Mediterranean Inst. For Advanced Studies Esporles Spain
| | - Zong‐Xin Ren
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences CN‐650201 Kunming PR China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Hai‐Dong Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences CN‐650201 Kunming PR China
| | - Zhi‐Bin Tao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences CN‐650201 Kunming PR China
- Kunming College of Life Sciences Univ. of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Kun Xu
- Lijiang Forest Ecosystem Research Station Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Zhi‐Kun Wu
- Lijiang Forest Ecosystem Research Station Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Lorne M. Wolfe
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences CN‐650201 Kunming PR China
| | - De‐Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming PR China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Inst. of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences CN‐650201 Kunming PR China
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Willcox BK, Robson AJ, Howlett BG, Rader R. Toward an integrated approach to crop production and pollination ecology through the application of remote sensing. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5806. [PMID: 30364410 PMCID: PMC6197041 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect pollinators provide an essential ecosystem service by transferring pollen to crops and native vegetation. The extent to which pollinator communities vary both spatially and temporally has important implications for ecology, conservation and agricultural production. However, understanding the complex interactions that determine pollination service provisioning and production measures over space and time has remained a major challenge. Remote sensing technologies (RST), including satellite, airborne and ground based sensors, are effective tools for measuring the spatial and temporal variability of vegetation health, diversity and productivity within natural and modified systems. Yet while there are synergies between remote sensing science, pollination ecology and agricultural production, research communities have only recently begun to actively connect these research areas. Here, we review the utility of RST in advancing crop pollination research and highlight knowledge gaps and future research priorities. We found that RST are currently used across many different research fields to assess changes in plant health and production (agricultural production) and to monitor and evaluate changes in biodiversity across multiple landscape types (ecology and conservation). In crop pollination research, the use of RST are limited and largely restricted to quantifying remnant habitat use by pollinators by ascertaining the proportion of, and/or isolation from, a given land use type or local variable. Synchronization between research fields is essential to better understand the spatial and temporal variability in pollinator dependent crop production. RST enable these applications to be scaled across much larger areas than is possible with field-based methods and will facilitate large scale ecological changes to be detected and monitored. We advocate greater use of RST to better understand interactions between pollination, plant health and yield spatial variation in pollinator dependent crops. This more holistic approach is necessary for decision-makers to improve strategies toward managing multiple land use types and ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony K Willcox
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Robson
- Precision Agriculture Research Group, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Brad G Howlett
- The New Zealand Insitute for Plant and Food Research, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Romina Rader
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Montagna T, Silva JZ, Pikart TG, Reis MS. Reproductive ecology of Ocotea catharinensis, an endangered tree species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:926-935. [PMID: 29786924 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ocotea catharinensis (Lauraceae) is an endangered tree species from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Currently, little is known about the reproductive ecology of this species. Aiming to propose conservation measures, we described aspects related to phenology, floral biology, pollination, seed dispersal and mating system of O. catharinensis. We conducted phenological observations in 62 individuals for 2 years. In one reproductive event, we evaluated nectar production, stigmatic receptivity and pollen viability. Floral visitors were observed, identified and classified on a scale of pollination effectiveness. Seed dispersers were observed and identified using camera traps. Finally, the mating system was evaluated through pollen/ovule ratios, experimental pollination treatments and genetic analysis with molecular markers. Ocotea catharinensis presented a supra-annual fruiting pattern with a substantial reduction of reproducing individuals from bud phase to ripe fruit phase. Several mechanisms prompting cross-fertilisation were identified, such as attractive, herkogamic and protogynic flowers. The main floral visitors and pollinators were from the Diptera order, and all seed dispersers were birds. The species presented a predominantly outcrossed mixed mating system with significant selfing rate (17.3%). Although based on restricted evidence, we hypothesised that selfing is an escape mechanism for situations unfavourable to cross-fertilisation. Specifically, for the studied population selfing is a response to reduced population size, which is caused by the non-reproduction of all potentially reproductive individuals and by past exploitation events. Therefore, conservation efforts should be able to enhance population sizes, as well as prevent overexploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Montagna
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Florestas Tropicais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - J Z Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Florestas Tropicais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - T G Pikart
- Laboratório de Entomologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Acre, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil
| | - M S Reis
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Florestas Tropicais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Stavert JR, Pattemore DE, Bartomeus I, Gaskett AC, Beggs JR. Exotic flies maintain pollination services as native pollinators decline with agricultural expansion. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R. Stavert
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - David E. Pattemore
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Hamilton New Zealand
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Integrative Ecology Department; Sevilla Spain
| | - Anne C. Gaskett
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline R. Beggs
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
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Stavert JR, Pattemore DE, Gaskett AC, Beggs JR, Bartomeus I. Exotic species enhance response diversity to land-use change but modify functional composition. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0788. [PMID: 28794218 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two main mechanisms may buffer ecosystem functions despite biodiversity loss. First, multiple species could share similar ecological roles, thus providing functional redundancy. Second, species may respond differently to environmental change (response diversity). However, ecosystem function would be best protected when functionally redundant species also show response diversity. This linkage has not been studied directly, so we investigated whether native and exotic pollinator species with similar traits (functional redundancy) differed in abundance (response diversity) across an agricultural intensification gradient. Exotic pollinator species contributed most positive responses, which partially stabilized overall abundance of the pollinator community. However, although some functionally redundant species exhibited response diversity, this was not consistent across functional groups and aggregate abundances within each functional group were rarely stabilized. This shows functional redundancy and response diversity do not always operate in concert. Hence, despite exotic species becoming increasingly dominant in human-modified systems, they cannot replace the functional composition of native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie R Stavert
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David E Pattemore
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Anne C Gaskett
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline R Beggs
- Centre for Biodiversity and Biosecurity, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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Campbell LG, Melles SJ, Vaz E, Parker RJ, Burgess KS. Pollen sleuthing for terrestrial plant surveys: Locating plant populations by exploiting pollen movement. APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2018; 6:e1020. [PMID: 29732251 PMCID: PMC5828126 DOI: 10.1002/aps3.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY We present an innovative technique for sampling, identifying, and locating plant populations that release pollen, without extensive ground surveys. This method (1) samples pollen at random locations within the target species' habitat, (2) detects species' presence using morphological pollen analysis, and (3) uses kriging to predict likely locations of populations to focus future search efforts. METHODS To demonstrate, we applied the pollen sleuthing system to search for artificially constructed populations of Brassica rapa in an old field. Population size varied from 0-100 flowers labeled with artificial pollen (paint pellets). After characterizing the landscape, we pan-trapped 2762 potential insect vectors from random locations across the field and washed particulate matter from their bodies to assess artificial pollen abundance with a microscope. RESULTS Population size greatly influenced artificial pollen detection success; following random pollen trap sampling and interpolation, ground surveys would be best focused on identified areas with high pollen density and low variation in pollen density. Sampling sites most successfully detected artificial pollen when they were located at higher elevations, near showy flowering plants that were not grasses. DISCUSSION Detection of nascent populations using the proposed system is possible but accuracy will depend on local environmental factors (e.g., wind, elevation). Conservation and invasive species control programs may be improved by using this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley G. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson UniversityTorontoOntarioM5B 2K3Canada
| | - Stephanie J. Melles
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson UniversityTorontoOntarioM5B 2K3Canada
| | - Eric Vaz
- Department of Geography and Environmental StudiesRyerson UniversityTorontoOntarioM5B 2K3Canada
| | - Rebecca J. Parker
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson UniversityTorontoOntarioM5B 2K3Canada
| | - Kevin S. Burgess
- Department of BiologyColumbus State UniversityColumbusGeorgia31907‐5645USA
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Evans TM, Cavers S, Ennos R, Vanbergen AJ, Heard MS. Florally rich habitats reduce insect pollination and the reproductive success of isolated plants. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:6507-6518. [PMID: 28861252 PMCID: PMC5574791 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Landscape heterogeneity in floral communities has the potential to modify pollinator behavior. Pollinator foraging varies with the diversity, abundance, and spatial configuration of floral resources. However, the implications of this variation for pollen transfer and ultimately the reproductive success of insect pollinated plants remains unclear, especially for species which are rare or isolated in the landscape. We used a landscape-scale experiment, coupled with microsatellite genotyping, to explore how the floral richness of habitats affected pollinator behavior and pollination effectiveness. Small arrays of the partially self-compatible plant Californian poppy (Eschscholzia californica) were introduced across a landscape gradient to simulate rare, spatially isolated populations. The effects on pollinator activity, outcrossing, and plant reproduction were measured. In florally rich habitats, we found reduced pollen movement between plants, leading to fewer long-distance pollination events, lower plant outcrossing, and a higher incidence of pollen limitation. This pattern indicates a potential reduction in per capita pollinator visitation, as suggested by the lower activity densities and richness of pollinators observed within florally rich habitats. In addition, seed production reduced by a factor of 1.8 in plants within florally rich habitats and progeny germination reduced by a factor of 1.2. We show this to be a consequence of self-fertilization within the partially self-compatible plant, E. californica. These findings indicate that locally rare plants are at a competitive disadvantage within florally rich habitats because neighboring plant species disrupt conspecific mating by co-opting pollinators. Ultimately, this Allee effect may play an important role in determining the long-term persistence of rarer plants in the landscape, both in terms of seed production and viability. Community context therefore requires consideration when designing and implementing conservation management for plants which are comparatively rare in the landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracie M Evans
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford UK.,Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Stephen Cavers
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Penicuik Edinburgh UK
| | - Richard Ennos
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
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Urbanowicz C, Virginia RA, Irwin RE. The response of pollen-transport networks to landscape-scale climate variation. Polar Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-017-2138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Ronca S, Allainguillaume J, Ford CS, Warren J, Wilkinson MJ. GM risk assessment: Pollen carriage from Brassica napus to B. rapa varies widely between pollinators. Basic Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yang J, Gao Z, Sun W, Zhang C. High regional genetic differentiation of an endangered relict plant Craigia yunnanensis and implications for its conservation. PLANT DIVERSITY 2016; 38:221-226. [PMID: 30159469 PMCID: PMC6112198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Of the genus Craigia, widespread in the Tertiary, only two relict species survived to modern times. One species is now possibly extinct and the other one, Craigia yunnanensis, is severely endangered. Extensive surveys have located six C. yunnanensis populations in Yunnan province, southwest China. Using fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), the genetic diversity and population structure of these populations were examined. It was found that genetic diversity of C. yunnanensis was moderate at the species level, but low at regional and population levels. Analysis of population structure showed significant genetic differentiation between Wenshan and Dehong regions, apparently representing two geographically isolated for long time refuges. There are also clear indications of isolation between populations, which, together with anthropogenically caused decline of population size, will lead to general loss of the species genetic variation with subsequent loss of adaptive potential. To conserve the genetic integrity of C. yunnanensis, we recommend that ex-situ conservation should include representative samples from every population of the two differentiated regions (e.g. Wenshan and Dehong). The crosses between individuals originated from different regions should be avoided because of a high risk of outbreeding depression. As all the extant populations of C. yunnanensis are in unprotected areas with strong anthropogenic impact, there is no alternative to reintroduction of C. yunnanensis into suitable protected locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Zerui Gao
- Yunnan Tobacco Industrial Hi-tech Material CO., LTD, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China
| | - Weibang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Changqin Zhang
- Kunming Botanical Garden, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
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46
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Coux C, Rader R, Bartomeus I, Tylianakis JM. Linking species functional roles to their network roles. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:762-70. [PMID: 27169359 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Species roles in ecological networks combine to generate their architecture, which contributes to their stability. Species trait diversity also affects ecosystem functioning and resilience, yet it remains unknown whether species' contributions to functional diversity relate to their network roles. Here, we use 21 empirical pollen transport networks to characterise this relationship. We found that, apart from a few abundant species, pollinators with original traits either had few interaction partners or interacted most frequently with a subset of these partners. This suggests that narrowing of interactions to a subset of the plant community accompanies pollinator niche specialisation, congruent with our hypothesised trade-off between having unique traits vs. being able to interact with many mutualist partners. Conversely, these effects were not detected in plants, potentially because key aspects of their flowering traits are conserved at a family level. Relating functional and network roles can provide further insight into mechanisms underlying ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Coux
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Romina Rader
- Ecosystem Management, School of Environment and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Ignasi Bartomeus
- Dpto. Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Isla de la Cartuja, Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Jason M Tylianakis
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK
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47
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Orford KA, Vaughan IP, Memmott J. The forgotten flies: the importance of non-syrphid Diptera as pollinators. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:rspb.2014.2934. [PMID: 25808886 PMCID: PMC4389612 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bees, hoverflies and butterflies are taxa frequently studied as pollinators in
agricultural and conservation contexts. Although there are many records of
non-syrphid Diptera visiting flowers, they are generally not regarded as
important pollinators. We use data from 30 pollen-transport networks and 71
pollinator-visitation networks to compare the importance of various
flower-visiting taxa as pollen-vectors. We specifically compare non-syrphid
Diptera and Syrphidae to determine whether neglect of the former in the
literature is justified. We found no significant difference in pollen-loads
between the syrphid and non-syrphid Diptera. Moreover, there was no significant
difference in the level of specialization between the two groups in the
pollen-transport networks, though the Syrphidae had significantly greater
visitation evenness. Flower visitation data from 33 farms showed that
non-syrphid Diptera made up the majority of the flower-visiting Diptera in the
agricultural studies (on average 82% abundance and 73% species
richness), and we estimate that non-syrphid Diptera carry 84% of total
pollen carried by farmland Diptera. As important pollinators, such as bees, have
suffered serious declines, it would be prudent to improve our understanding of
the role of non-syrphid Diptera as pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Orford
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Ian P Vaughan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Jane Memmott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
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Abstract
Wild and managed bees are well documented as effective pollinators of global crops of economic importance. However, the contributions by pollinators other than bees have been little explored despite their potential to contribute to crop production and stability in the face of environmental change. Non-bee pollinators include flies, beetles, moths, butterflies, wasps, ants, birds, and bats, among others. Here we focus on non-bee insects and synthesize 39 field studies from five continents that directly measured the crop pollination services provided by non-bees, honey bees, and other bees to compare the relative contributions of these taxa. Non-bees performed 25-50% of the total number of flower visits. Although non-bees were less effective pollinators than bees per flower visit, they made more visits; thus these two factors compensated for each other, resulting in pollination services rendered by non-bees that were similar to those provided by bees. In the subset of studies that measured fruit set, fruit set increased with non-bee insect visits independently of bee visitation rates, indicating that non-bee insects provide a unique benefit that is not provided by bees. We also show that non-bee insects are not as reliant as bees on the presence of remnant natural or seminatural habitat in the surrounding landscape. These results strongly suggest that non-bee insect pollinators play a significant role in global crop production and respond differently than bees to landscape structure, probably making their crop pollination services more robust to changes in land use. Non-bee insects provide a valuable service and provide potential insurance against bee population declines.
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Huda AN, Salmah MRC, Hassan AA, Hamdan A, Razak MNA. Pollination Services of Mango Flower Pollinators. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2015; 15:iev090. [PMID: 26246439 PMCID: PMC4672212 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Measuring wild pollinator services in agricultural production is very important in the context of sustainable management. In this study, we estimated the contribution of native pollinators to mango fruit set production of two mango cultivars Mangifera indica (L). cv. 'Sala' and 'Chok Anan'. Visitation rates of pollinators on mango flowers and number of pollen grains adhering to their bodies determined pollinator efficiency for reproductive success of the crop. Chok Anan failed to produce any fruit set in the absence of pollinators. In natural condition, we found that Sala produced 4.8% fruit set per hermaphrodite flower while Chok Anan produced 3.1% per flower. Hand pollination tremendously increased fruit set of naturally pollinated flower for Sala (>100%), but only 33% for Chok Anan. Pollinator contribution to mango fruit set was estimated at 53% of total fruit set production. Our results highlighted the importance of insect pollinations in mango production. Large size flies Eristalinus spp. and Chrysomya spp. were found to be effective pollen carriers and visited more mango flowers compared with other flower visitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nurul Huda
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - M R Che Salmah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - A Abu Hassan
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - A Hamdan
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - M N Abdul Razak
- Faculty of Plantation and Agro-technology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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50
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Pu DQ, Shi M, Wu Q, Gao MQ, Liu JF, Ren SP, Yang F, Tang P, Ye GY, Shen ZC, He JH, Yang D, Bu WJ, Zhang CT, Song Q, Xu D, Strand MR, Chen XX. Flower-visiting insects and their potential impact on transgene flow in rice. J Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- De-qiang Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology; Institute of Insect Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology; Institute of Insect Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology; Institute of Insect Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ming-qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology; Institute of Insect Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jia-Fu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology; Institute of Insect Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Shao-peng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology; Institute of Insect Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology; Institute of Insect Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Pu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology; Institute of Insect Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Gong-yin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology; Institute of Insect Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Zhi-cheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology; Institute of Insect Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Jun-hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology; Institute of Insect Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
| | - Ding Yang
- Department of Entomology; China Agricultural University; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Wen-Jun Bu
- Institute of Entomology; College of Life Sciences; Nankai University; 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Chun-tian Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Evolution and Biodiversity; Shenyang Normal University; Shenyang 110034 China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Molecular Insect Physiology; Division of Plant Sciences; University of Missouri; Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Dong Xu
- Computer Science Department and Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center; University of Missouri; Columbia MO 65211 USA
| | - Michael R. Strand
- Department of Entomology; University of Georgia; Athens GA 30602 USA
| | - Xue-xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology; Institute of Insect Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310058 China
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