1
|
Cui G, Li S, Ye H, Yang Y, Jia X, Lin M, Chu Y, Feng Y, Wang Z, Shi Z, Zhang X. Gut microbiome and frailty: insight from genetic correlation and mendelian randomization. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2282795. [PMID: 37990415 PMCID: PMC10730212 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2282795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational studies have shown that the gut microbiome is associated with frailty. However, whether these associations underlie causal effects remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed to assess the genetic correlation and causal relationships between the genetically predicted gut microbiome and frailty using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and Mendelian Randomization (MR). Summary statistics for the gut microbiome were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of the MiBioGen consortium (N = 18,340). Summary statistics for frailty were obtained from a GWAS meta-analysis, including the UK Biobank and TwinGene (N = 175,226). We used LDSC and MR analyses to estimate the genetic correlation and causality between the genetically predicted gut microbiome and frailty. Our findings indicate a suggestive genetic correlation between Christensenellaceae R-7 and frailty. Moreover, we found evidence for suggestive causal effects of twelve genus-level gut microbes on frailty using at least two MR methods. There was no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity in the MR analysis. This study provides suggestive evidence for a potential genetic correlation and causal association between several genetically predicted gut microbes and frailty. More population-based observational studies and animal experiments are required to clarify this association and the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Cui
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojie Li
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofen Jia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Lin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingming Chu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zongming Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng C, Pan J, Zhu H, Chen ZY. Effect of Gut Microbiota on Blood Cholesterol: A Review on Mechanisms. Foods 2023; 12:4308. [PMID: 38231771 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota serves as a pivotal mediator between diet and human health. Emerging evidence has shown that the gut microbiota may play an important role in cholesterol metabolism. In this review, we delve into five possible mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence cholesterol metabolism: (1) the gut microbiota changes the ratio of free bile acids to conjugated bile acids, with the former being eliminated into feces and the latter being reabsorbed back into the liver; (2) the gut microbiota can ferment dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which are absorbed and reach the liver where SCFAs inhibit cholesterol synthesis; (3) the gut microbiota can regulate the expression of some genes related to cholesterol metabolism through their metabolites; (4) the gut microbiota can convert cholesterol to coprostanol, with the latter having a very low absorption rate; and (5) the gut microbiota could reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting the production of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which increases cholesterol synthesis and raises blood cholesterol. In addition, this review will explore the natural constituents in foods with potential roles in cholesterol regulation, mainly through their interactions with the gut microbiota. These include polysaccharides, polyphenolic entities, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, and dicaffeoylquinic acid. These findings will provide a scientific foundation for targeting hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases through the modulation of the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanling Deng
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Jingjin Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Xiao H, Wang Z, Pan Q, Zhao X, Lu B. Interactions between dietary cholesterol and intestinal flora and their effects on host health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37947307 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2276883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between dietary cholesterol and intestinal microbiota strongly affect host health. In recent years, relevant studies have greatly advanced this field and need to be summarized to deepen the understanding of dietary cholesterol-intestinal microbiota interactions and their effects on host health. This review covers the most recent frontiers on the effects of dietary cholesterol on the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites, the metabolism of cholesterol by the intestinal microbiota, and the effects of the interactions on host health. Several animal-feeding studies reported that dietary cholesterol altered different intestinal microbiota in the body, while mainly causing alterations in intestinal microbial metabolites such as bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, and tryptophan derivatives. Alterations in these metabolites may be a novel mechanism mediating cholesterol-related diseases. The cholesterol microbial metabolite, coprostanol, has a low absorption rate and is excreted in the feces. Thus, microbial conversion of cholesterol-to-coprostanol may be an important way of cholesterol-lowering by the organism. Cholesterol-3-sulfate is a recently discovered microbial metabolite of cholesterol, mainly metabolized by Bacteroides containing the Bt_0416 gene. Its effects on host health have been preliminarily characterized and are mainly related to immune modulation and repair of the intestinal epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Zhangtie Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiannan Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation and Health Benefit of Agro-Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Risk Assessment of Agro-Products Storage and Preservation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bubeck AM, Urbain P, Horn C, Jung AS, Ferrari L, Ruple HK, Podlesny D, Zorn S, Laupsa-Borge J, Jensen C, Lindseth I, Lied GA, Dierkes J, Mellgren G, Bertz H, Matysik S, Krautbauer S, Liebisch G, Schoett HF, Dankel SN, Fricke WF. High-fat diet impact on intestinal cholesterol conversion by the microbiota and serum cholesterol levels. iScience 2023; 26:107697. [PMID: 37694136 PMCID: PMC10485154 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol-to-coprostanol conversion by the intestinal microbiota has been suggested to reduce intestinal and serum cholesterol availability, but the relationship between intestinal cholesterol conversion and the gut microbiota, dietary habits, and serum lipids has not been characterized in detail. We measured conserved proportions of cholesterol high and low-converter types in individuals with and without obesity from two distinct, independent low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) dietary intervention studies. Across both cohorts, cholesterol conversion increased in previous low-converters after LCHF diet and was positively correlated with the fecal relative abundance of Eubacterium coprostanoligenes. Lean cholesterol high-converters had increased serum triacylglycerides and decreased HDL-C levels before LCHF diet and responded to the intervention with increased LDL-C, independently of fat, cholesterol, and saturated fatty acid intake. Our findings identify the cholesterol high-converter type as a microbiome marker, which in metabolically healthy lean individuals is associated with increased LDL-C in response to LCHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena M. Bubeck
- Department of Microbiome Research and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Paul Urbain
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cathrine Horn
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna S. Jung
- Department of Microbiome Research and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lisa Ferrari
- Department of Microbiome Research and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hannah K. Ruple
- Department of Microbiome Research and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daniel Podlesny
- Department of Microbiome Research and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Zorn
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johnny Laupsa-Borge
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Caroline Jensen
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Gülen Arslan Lied
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jutta Dierkes
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gunnar Mellgren
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hartmut Bertz
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Silke Matysik
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Frieder Schoett
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simon N. Dankel
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Centre for Nutrition, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - W. Florian Fricke
- Department of Microbiome Research and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Comparative Gut Microbiome Differences between High and Low Aortic Arch Calcification Score in Patients with Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065673. [PMID: 36982746 PMCID: PMC10059004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut dysbiosis can induce chronic inflammation and contribute to atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. The aortic arch calcification (AoAC) score is a simple, noninvasive, and semiquantitative assessment tool to evaluate vascular calcification on chest radiographs. Few studies have discussed the relationship between gut microbiota and AoAC. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the microbiota composition between patients with chronic diseases and high or low AoAC scores. A total of 186 patients (118 males and 68 females) with chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (80.6%), hypertension (75.3%), and chronic kidney disease (48.9%), were enrolled. Gut microbiota in fecal samples were analyzed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, and differences in microbial function were examined. The patients were divided into three groups according to AoAC score, including 103 patients in the low AoAC group (AoAC ≤ 3), 40 patients in the medium AoAC group (3 < AoAC ≤ 6), and 43 patients in the high AoAC group (AoAC > 6). Compared to the low AoAC group, the high AoAC group had a significantly lower microbial species diversity (Chao1 index and Shannon index) and increased microbial dysbiosis index. Beta diversity showed that the microbial community composition was significantly different among the three groups (p = 0.041, weighted UniFrac PCoA). A distinct microbial community structure was found in the patients with a low AoAC, with an increased abundance at the genus level of Agathobacter, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-002, Barnesiella, Butyricimonas, Oscillibacter, Ruminococcaceae DTU089, and Oxalobacter. In addition, there was an increased relative abundance of class Bacilli in the high AoAC group. Our findings support the association between gut dysbiosis and the severity of AoAC in patients with chronic diseases.
Collapse
|
6
|
Song EJ, Shin NR, Jeon S, Nam YD, Kim H. Lorcaserin and phentermine exert anti-obesity effects with modulation of the gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1109651. [PMID: 36687627 PMCID: PMC9849812 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1109651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although drugs have been reported to modulate the gut microbiota, the effects of anti-obesity drugs on the gut microbiota remain unclear. Lorcaserin (LS) and phentermine (PT) are commonly used anti-obesity drugs. However, to our best knowledge, no studies have simultaneously assessed the effects of LS and PT on obesity and gut microbiota. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the anti-obesity effects of LS and PT and re-modulation of host gut microbiota. To test hypothesis, we fed C57BL/6J mice with a high-fat diet supplemented with LS and PT via oral gavage for 8 weeks. After sacrifice, body weight, fat accumulation, and serum biomarkers were measured, and the gut microbial composition was analyzed using 16 s rRNA amplicon sequencing. LS and PT were observed to modulate the gut microbial composition and restore gut microbial dysbiosis, as indicated by an increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Significantly modulated genera by LS and PT treatment were strongly correlated with obesity-related markers. Additionally, LS and PT increased the mRNA level of G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) in the colon tissue. ASV3566, which corresponds to Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, was correlated with GPR120 and obesity-related markers such as glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and serum triglyceride (TG). In conclusion, LS and PT can modulate the gut microbiota dysbiosis and the gut microbiota plays a role in mediating the anti-obesity effect of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, South Korea
| | - Na Rae Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Songhee Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Global Future Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea,Songhee Jeon,
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, South Korea,Young-Do Nam,
| | - Hojun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, South Korea,*Correspondence: Hojun Kim,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
McKay I, van Dorst J, Katz T, Doumit M, Prentice B, Owens L, Belessis Y, Chuang S, Jaffe A, Thomas T, Coffey M, Ooi CY. Diet and the gut-lung axis in cystic fibrosis - direct & indirect links. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2156254. [PMID: 36573804 PMCID: PMC9809969 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2156254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem, autosomal, recessive disease primarily affecting the lungs, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and liver. Whilst there is increasing evidence of a microbial 'gut-lung axis' in chronic respiratory conditions, there has been limited analysis of such a concept in CF. We performed a comprehensive dietary and microbiota analysis to explore the interactions between diet, gastrointestinal microbiota, respiratory microbiota, and clinical outcomes in children with CF. Our results demonstrate significant alterations in intestinal inflammation and respiratory and gastrointestinal microbiota when compared to age and gender matched children without CF. We identified correlations between the gastrointestinal and respiratory microbiota, lung function, CF pulmonary exacerbations and anthropometrics, supporting the concept of an altered gut-lung axis in children with CF. We also identified significant differences in dietary quality with CF children consuming greater relative proportions of total, saturated and trans fats, and less relative proportions of carbohydrates, wholegrains, fiber, insoluble fiber, starch, and resistant starch. Our findings position the CF diet as a potential modulator in gastrointestinal inflammation and the proposed gut-lung axial relationship in CF. The dietary intake of wholegrains, fiber and resistant starch may be protective against intestinal inflammation and should be explored as potential therapeutic adjuvants for children with CF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle McKay
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Josie van Dorst
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia
| | - Tamarah Katz
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Randwick, Australia
| | - Michael Doumit
- Department of Physiotherapy, Sydney Children’s Hospital Randwick, Randwick, Australia
| | - Bernadette Prentice
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Louisa Owens
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Yvonne Belessis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Sandra Chuang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Adam Jaffe
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sydney Childrens Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Torsten Thomas
- Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,University of New South Wales, Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, Randwick, Australia
| | - Michael Coffey
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Chee Y. Ooi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, Univeristy of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Molecular and Integrative Cystic Fibrosis (miCF) Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, Australia,Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, Australia,CONTACT Chee Y. Ooi Centre for Child Health Research and Innovation, Level 8, Bright Alliance Building, Cnr of Avoca and High Streets, Randwick, NSW2031, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Roessler J, Leistner DM, Landmesser U, Haghikia A. Modulatory role of gut microbiota in cholesterol and glucose metabolism: Potential implications for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2022; 359:1-12. [PMID: 36126379 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests an important role of gut microbiota in physiological processes of host metabolism as well as cardiometabolic disease. Recent advances in metagenomic and metabolomic research have led to discoveries of novel pathways in which intestinal microbial metabolism of dietary nutrients is linked to metabolic profiles and cardiovascular disease risk. A number of metaorganismal circuits have been identified by microbiota transplantation studies and experimental models using germ-free rodents. Many of these pathways involve gut microbiota-related bioactive metabolites that impact host metabolism, in particular lipid and glucose homeostasis, partly via specific host receptors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of how the gut microbiome can impact cardiometabolic phenotypes and provide an overview of recent advances of gut microbiome research. Finally, the potential of modulating intestinal microbiota composition and/or targeting microbiota-related pathways for novel preventive and therapeutic strategies in cardiometabolic and cardiovascular diseases will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johann Roessler
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David M Leistner
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center of Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Landmesser
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center of Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Arash Haghikia
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Center of Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou J, Wang L, Yang L, Yang G, Zeng X, Qiao S. Different dietary starch patterns in low-protein diets: effect on nitrogen efficiency, nutrient metabolism, and intestinal flora in growing pigs. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:78. [PMID: 35659366 PMCID: PMC9167541 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00704-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein releases amino acids faster than starch releases glucose in digestive tract of pigs fed low-protein (LP) diets. Poor synchronization of dietary glucose and amino acids supply leads to compromised nitrogen efficiency. Dietary starch patterns modulation may improve this situation. Methods Growing barrows (29.7 ± 2.0 kg) were randomly allotted into 5 dietary treatments with LP diets consisting of different purified starches. Treatments included: waxy corn starch (W LP), corn starch + waxy corn starch (C + W LP), corn starch (C LP), pea starch + waxy corn starch (P + W LP) and pea starch (P LP). In the experiment, growth performance, protein deposition, nutrient metabolism, and fecal microbial community of pigs were investigated. In vitro starch digestion was used for predicting the in vivo glucose response. Results Dietary starch in vitro glucose release profile was determined by starch source and the ratio of amylopectin and amylose. C + W LP treatment showed decreased total nitrogen excretion and plasma citrulline concentration and improved plasma leptin concentration among treatments (P < 0.05). Besides, the highest nitrogen apparent biological value, whole-body protein deposition and growth performance and lowest urinary nitrogen excretion were also observed in C + W LP treatment. Compared with the other groups, C + W LP and C LP showed increased plasma pyruvate, IGF-1, and lipase concentrations (P < 0.05). The W LP group presented dramatically increased plasma alanine and urea nitrogen concentration and decreased aldolase and leptin concentrations (P < 0.05). Dietary starch patterns did not make an impact on bacterial richness and diversity, but changed the taxonomic and functional structures of the microbial communities. Microbial protein fermentation product (isobutyrate and isovalerate) presented increased in P LP treatments compared with the other treatments (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary starch patterns modulation can regulate dietary glucose release profile, nutrient metabolism, protein turnover, and fecal microbial fermentation in pigs. The optimal dietary glucose release profile effectively strengthened whole-body protein deposition and improve nitrogen efficiency and growth performance in growing pigs fed LP diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo Y, Huang S, Zhao L, Zhang J, Ji C, Ma Q. Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Needle Extract Supplementation Improves Performance, Egg Quality, Serum Parameters, and the Gut Microbiome in Laying Hens. Front Nutr 2022; 9:810462. [PMID: 35223952 PMCID: PMC8868045 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.810462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) needle extract (PNE) on gastrointestinal disorders and oxidative stress have been widely investigated using experimental models; however, the functions and mechanisms of these effects in chicken models remain unknown. We investigated the effects of Masson PNE supplementation on performance, egg quality, serum parameters, and the gut microbiome in laying hens. A total of 60 healthy 50-week-old Peking Pink laying hens with similar body conditions and egg production were randomly divided into the control (CON) (0 mg/kg PNE), PNE100 (100 mg/kg PNE), PNE200 (200 mg/kg PNE), and PNE400 (400 mg/kg PNE) groups, with fifteen replicates per treatment and one hen per replicate. Compared with the CON group, egg mass, feed conversion ratios, and yolk weight were significantly increased (p < 0.01) in the PNE100 group. Dietary supplementation of 100 mg/kg PNE increased the serum total protein, albumin, and glucose concentrations (p < 0.01) and decreased the alanine aminotransferase activity (p < 0.05) compared with those of the CONs. Hens in the PNE100 group had reduced serum malondialdehyde levels (p < 0.05) and increased catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities (p < 0.01) compared with those of the CON group. Serum proinflammatory cytokine concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were lower (p < 0.01) and the IL-10 level was higher (p < 0.01) in the PNE100 group than in the CON group. Serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, and IgM concentrations were increased in the PNE100 group (p < 0.01). The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased, while the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were decreased in the PNE100 group. The relative abundances of Vibrio, Shewanella, and Lactobacillus were decreased, while the relative abundances of unclassified_o_Bacteroidales, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, unclassified_f_Rikenellaceae, and Butyricicoccaceae were increased in the PNE100 group compared with those of the CON group. PNE supplementation at 100 mg/kg improved the diversity and structure of the gut microbial composition, production performance, egg quality, and serum parameters of laying hens. The laying hens in this study had good production performance when supplemented with 100 mg/kg PNE.
Collapse
|
11
|
Juste C, Gérard P. Cholesterol-to-Coprostanol Conversion by the Gut Microbiota: What We Know, Suspect, and Ignore. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1881. [PMID: 34576776 PMCID: PMC8468837 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Every day, up to 1 g of cholesterol, composed of the unabsorbed dietary cholesterol, the biliary cholesterol secretion, and cholesterol of cells sloughed from the intestinal epithelium, enters the colon. All cholesterol arriving in the large intestine can be metabolized by the colonic bacteria. Cholesterol is mainly converted into coprostanol, a non-absorbable sterol that is excreted in the feces. Interestingly, cholesterol-to-coprostanol conversion in human populations is variable, with a majority of high converters and a minority of low or inefficient converters. Two major pathways have been proposed, one involving the direct stereospecific reduction of the Δ5 double bond direct while the indirect pathway involves the intermediate formation of 4-cholelesten-3-one and coprostanone. Despite the fact that intestinal cholesterol conversion was discovered more than a century ago, only a few cholesterol-to-coprostanol-converting bacterial strains have been isolated and characterized. Moreover, the responsible genes were mainly unknown until recently. Interestingly, cholesterol-to-coprostanol conversion is highly regulated by the diet. Finally, this gut bacterial metabolism has been linked to health and disease, and recent evidence suggests it could contribute to lower blood cholesterol and cardiovascular risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Gérard
- AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Matysik S, Krautbauer S, Liebisch G, Schött HF, Kjølbaek L, Astrup A, Blachier F, Beaumont M, Nieuwdorp M, Hartstra A, Rampelli S, Pagotto U, Iozzo P. Short-chain fatty acids and bile acids in human faeces are associated with the intestinal cholesterol conversion status. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3342-3353. [PMID: 33751575 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The analysis of human faecal metabolites can provide an insight into metabolic interactions between gut microbiota and the host organism. The creation of metabolic profiles in faeces has received little attention until now, and reference values, especially in the context of dietary and therapeutic interventions, are missing. Exposure to xenobiotics significantly affects the physiology of the microbiome, and microbiota manipulation and short-chain fatty acid administration have been proposed as treatment targets for several diseases. The aim of the present study is to give concomitant concentration ranges of faecal sterol species, bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, based on a large cohort. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Sterol species, bile acids and short-chain fatty acids in human faeces from 165 study participants were quantified by LC-MS/MS. For standardization, we refer all values to dry weight of faeces. Based on the individual intestinal sterol conversion, we classified participants into low and high converters according to their coprostanol/cholesterol ratio. KEY RESULTS Low converters excrete more straight-chain fatty acids and bile acids than high converters; 5th and 95th percentile and median of bile acids and short-chain fatty acids were calculated for both groups. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We give concentration ranges for 16 faecal metabolites that can serve as reference values. Patient stratification into high or low sterol converter groups is associated with significant differences in faecal metabolites with biological activities. Such stratification should then allow better assessment of faecal metabolites before therapeutic interventions. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silke Matysik
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Frieder Schött
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louise Kjølbaek
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Francois Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, Université De Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annick Hartstra
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu S, Wang X, Li Y, Shi B, Guo X, Zhao Y, Yan S. Flaxseed Oil and Heated Flaxseed Supplements Have Different Effects on Lipid Deposition and Ileal Microbiota in Albas Cashmere Goats. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030790. [PMID: 33809169 PMCID: PMC8000257 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary With the grassland desertification intensified, pasture carrying capacity decreased, and grass seasonal changed, stall-feeding fattening has become an effective means to protect the natural environment. The stall-feeding fattening increased the cashmere goats’ weight but reduced the meat quality and increased the saturated fatty acids content in muscle and fat tissue of cashmere goats. Supplementing flaxseed and flaxseed oil rich-in linolenic acid (ALA) to diet to improve meat quality is an effective nutritional regulation means. Previous research results of our team showed that compared to diet supplemented with flaxseed oil, added flaxseed increased linoleic acid biohydrogenation by reducing the Ruminobacter relative abundance and increasing the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 and Fretibacterium in rumen, protected ALA away from biohydrogenation, and more n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids entered the post-intestinal tract. Based on the previous research, this study explored whether the ALA flowing into the posterior intestine can reduce fat deposition and blood lipid by affecting intestinal microbiota. The results showed that adding flaxseed grain to diet decreased the growth performance, lipid deposition, and blood lipid content of goats by regulating the blood lipid-related enzyme activity, which positively associated with [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group, but negatively associated with unclassified_f_Peptostreptococcaceae, Intestinibacter, and Ruminococcus_2. Abstract The present study investigated the effect of flaxseed grain or flaxseed oil on ileal microbiota and lipid deposition of cashmere goats. Sixty kid goats (average body weight 18.6 ± 0.1 kg) were allocated to three treatments, fed for 90 days, with control treatment: basal diet (CON, total-mixed ration), experimental treatment: basal diet with added flaxseed oil (LNO), experimental treatment: basal diet with added heated flaxseed grain (HLS). The final body weight, body weight gain, the weight of kidney fat, omental fat, tail fat, and fat tissue, the activity of fatty acid synthetase, acetyl-coa carboxylase, and malic dehydrogenase, and the relative abundance (RA) of unclassified_f_Peptostreptococcaceae and Intestinibacter were remarkably higher in the LNO treatment than in the HLS treatment, but the [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group RA showed the opposite result. The content of triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the CON and LNO treatments than in the HLS treatment, while the hormone-sensitive lipase activity and the non-esterified fatty acid content showed the opposite result. In conclusion, the flaxseed grain is more efficient than flaxseed oil in ameliorating the blood lipid profiles and it is a potential product for decreasing the lipid deposition of cashmere goats.
Collapse
|
14
|
Daliri EBM, Ofosu FK, Xiuqin C, Chelliah R, Oh DH. Probiotic Effector Compounds: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:655705. [PMID: 33746935 PMCID: PMC7965967 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.655705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism behind probiotic action will enable a rational selection of probiotics, increase the chances of success in clinical studies and make it easy to substantiate health claims. However, most probiotic studies over the years have rather focused on the effects of probiotics in health and disease, whereas little is known about the specific molecules that trigger effects in hosts. This makes it difficult to describe the detailed mechanism by which a given probiotic functions. Probiotics communicate with their hosts through molecular signaling. Meanwhile, since the molecules produced by probiotics under in vitro conditions may differ from those produced in vivo, in vitro mechanistic studies would have to be conducted under conditions that mimic gastrointestinal conditions as much as possible. The ideal situation would, however, be to carry out well-designed clinical trials in humans (or the target animal) using adequate quantities of the suspected probiotic molecule(s) or adequate quantities of isogenic knock-out or knock-in probiotic mutants. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge about probiotic bacteria and yeast molecules that are involved in molecular signaling with the host. We also discuss the challenges and future perspectives in the search for probiotic effector molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Fred Kwame Ofosu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Chen Xiuqin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abdulaziz Abbod Abdo A, Zhang C, Lin Y, Liang X, Kaddour B, Wu Q, Li X, Fan G, Yang R, Teng C, Xu Y, Li W. Xylo-oligosaccharides ameliorate high cholesterol diet induced hypercholesterolemia and modulate sterol excretion and gut microbiota in hamsters. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
16
|
Mukherjee A, Lordan C, Ross RP, Cotter PD. Gut microbes from the phylogenetically diverse genus Eubacterium and their various contributions to gut health. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1802866. [PMID: 32835590 PMCID: PMC7524325 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1802866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades our understanding of the gut microbiota and its contribution to health and disease has been transformed. Among a new 'generation' of potentially beneficial microbes to have been recognized are members of the genus Eubacterium, who form a part of the core human gut microbiome. The genus consists of phylogenetically, and quite frequently phenotypically, diverse species, making Eubacterium a taxonomically unique and challenging genus. Several members of the genus produce butyrate, which plays a critical role in energy homeostasis, colonic motility, immunomodulation and suppression of inflammation in the gut. Eubacterium spp. also carry out bile acid and cholesterol transformations in the gut, thereby contributing to their homeostasis. Gut dysbiosis and a consequently modified representation of Eubacterium spp. in the gut, have been linked with various human disease states. This review provides an overview of Eubacterium species from a phylogenetic perspective, describes how they alter with diet and age and summarizes its association with the human gut and various health conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Mukherjee
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Cathy Lordan
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Vertebrates synthesize a diverse set of steroids and bile acids that undergo bacterial biotransformations. The endocrine literature has principally focused on the biochemistry and molecular biology of host synthesis and tissue-specific metabolism of steroids. Host-associated microbiota possess a coevolved set of steroid and bile acid modifying enzymes that match the majority of host peripheral biotransformations in addition to unique capabilities. The set of host-associated microbial genes encoding enzymes involved in steroid transformations is known as the sterolbiome. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the sterolbiome as well as its importance in medicine and agriculture.
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu RT, Rowan-Nash AD, Sheehan AE, Walsh RFL, Sanzari CM, Korry BJ, Belenky P. Reductions in anti-inflammatory gut bacteria are associated with depression in a sample of young adults. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:308-324. [PMID: 32229219 PMCID: PMC7415740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the gut microbiota of 90 American young adults, comparing 43 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 47 healthy controls, and found that the MDD subjects had significantly different gut microbiota compared to the healthy controls at multiple taxonomic levels. At the phylum level, participants with MDD had lower levels of Firmicutes and higher levels of Bacteroidetes, with similar trends in the at the class (Clostridia and Bacteroidia) and order (Clostridiales and Bacteroidales) levels. At the genus level, the MDD group had lower levels of Faecalibacterium and other related members of the family Ruminococcaceae, which was also reduced relative to healthy controls. Additionally, the class Gammaproteobacteria and genus Flavonifractor were enriched in participants with MDD. Accordingly, predicted functional differences between the two groups include a reduced abundance of short-chain fatty acid production pathways in the MDD group. We also demonstrated that the magnitude of taxonomic changes was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms in many cases, and that most changes were present regardless of whether depressed participants were taking psychotropic medications. Overall, our results support a link between MDD and lower levels of anti-inflammatory, butyrate-producing bacteria, and may support a connection between the gut microbiota and the chronic, low-grade inflammation often observed in MDD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Aislinn D Rowan-Nash
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ana E Sheehan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Rachel F L Walsh
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christina M Sanzari
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Benjamin J Korry
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ding L, Zhang LY, Shi HH, Wang CC, Jiang XM, Xue CH, Yanagita T, Zhang TT, Wang YM. Eicosapentaenoic Acid-Enriched Phosphoethanolamine Plasmalogens Alleviated Atherosclerosis by Remodeling Gut Microbiota to Regulate Bile Acid Metabolism in LDLR -/- Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5339-5348. [PMID: 32306729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-enriched phosphoethanolamine plasmalogens (EPA-PlsEtns) might be retained in the intestine rich in gut microbiota for a long time after treatment. It reminded us that EPA-PlsEtns might affect intestinal microbiota composition and its metabolites, which have been identified as a contributing factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, EPA-PlsEtn administration for 8 weeks significantly reduced the atherosclerotic lesion area in low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDLR-/-) mice. Notably, the serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly reduced by 33.6 and 38.2%, respectively, by EPA-PlsEtns instead of EPA in the form of ethyl ester (EPA-EE) treatment compared with the model group. EPA-PlsEtn administration also increased total neutral sterol and bile acids in feces by 92 and 39%, respectively, rather than EPA-EE. Mechanistically, EPA-PlsEtns might affect the abundance of gut microbiota contributing to the alteration of bile acid profiles, which might further accelerate bile acid synthesis via increasing cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase expression induced by the inhibition of farnesoid X receptor activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Ling-Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Hao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ming Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Teruyoshi Yanagita
- Laboratory of Nutrition Biochemistry, Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Tian-Tian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Villette R, Kc P, Beliard S, Salas Tapia MF, Rainteau D, Guerin M, Lesnik P. Unraveling Host-Gut Microbiota Dialogue and Its Impact on Cholesterol Levels. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:278. [PMID: 32308619 PMCID: PMC7145900 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption in cholesterol metabolism, particularly hypercholesterolemia, is a significant cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Large interindividual variations in plasma cholesterol levels are traditionally related to genetic factors, and the remaining portion of their variance is accredited to environmental factors. In recent years, the essential role played by intestinal microbiota in human health and diseases has emerged. The gut microbiota is currently viewed as a fundamental regulator of host metabolism and of innate and adaptive immunity. Its bacterial composition but also the synthesis of multiple molecules resulting from bacterial metabolism vary according to diet, antibiotics, drugs used, and exposure to pollutants and infectious agents. Microbiota modifications induced by recent changes in the human environment thus seem to be a major factor in the current epidemic of metabolic/inflammatory diseases (diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and dyslipidemia). Epidemiological and preclinical studies report associations between bacterial communities and cholesterolemia. However, such an association remains poorly investigated and characterized. The objectives of this review are to present the current knowledge on and potential mechanisms underlying the host-microbiota dialogue for a better understanding of the contribution of microbial communities to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Remy Villette
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pukar Kc
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Beliard
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U1263, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France.,APHM, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - Dominique Rainteau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département de Métabolomique Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Guerin
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xia Y, Kuda T, Toyama A, Goto M, Fukunaga M, Takahashi H, Kimura B. Detection and isolation of bacteria affected by dietary cumin, coriander, turmeric, and red chili pepper in the caecum of ICR mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
22
|
Differential effects of psychotropic drugs on microbiome composition and gastrointestinal function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1671-1685. [PMID: 30155748 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Growing evidence supports a role for the microbiota in regulating gut-brain interactions and, thus, psychiatric disorders. Despite substantial scientific efforts to delineate the mechanism of action of psychotropic medications at a central nervous system (CNS) level, there remains a critical lack of understanding on how these drugs might affect the microbiota and gut physiology. OBJECTIVES We investigated the antimicrobial activity of psychotropics against two bacterial strain residents in the human gut, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Escherichia coli. In addition, we examined the impact of chronic treatment with these drugs on microbiota and intestinal parameters in the rat. RESULTS In vitro fluoxetine and escitalopram showed differential antimicrobial effects. Lithium, valproate and aripiprazole administration significantly increased microbial species richness and diversity, while the other treatments were not significantly different from controls. At the genus level, several species belonging to Clostridium, Peptoclostridium, Intestinibacter and Christenellaceae were increased following treatment with lithium, valproate and aripiprazole when compared to the control group. Animals treated with escitalopram, venlafaxine, fluoxetine and aripiprazole exhibited an increased permeability in the ileum. CONCLUSIONS These data show that psychotropic medications differentially influence the composition of gut microbiota in vivo and that fluoxetine and escitalopram have specific antimicrobial activity in vitro. Interestingly, drugs that significantly altered gut microbial composition did not increase intestinal permeability, suggesting that the two factors are not causally linked. Overall, unravelling the impact of psychotropics on gastrointestinal and microbiota measures offers the potential to provide critical insight into the mechanism of action and side effects of these medications.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in cholesterol metabolism, mainly through the reduction of cholesterol to coprostanol. The latter sterol exhibits distinct physicochemical properties linked to its limited absorption in the gut. Few bacteria were reported to reduce cholesterol into coprostanol. Three microbial pathways of coprostanol production were described based on the analysis of reaction intermediates. However, these metabolic pathways and their associated genes remain poorly studied. In this review, we shed light on the microbial metabolic pathways related to coprostanol synthesis. Moreover, we highlight current strategies and future directions to better characterize these microbial enzymes and pathways.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kriaa A, Bourgin M, Potiron A, Mkaouar H, Jablaoui A, Gérard P, Maguin E, Rhimi M. Microbial impact on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism: current status and future prospects. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:323-332. [PMID: 30487175 PMCID: PMC6358303 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r088989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as a crucial factor that influences cholesterol metabolism. Ever since, significant interest has been shown in investigating these host-microbiome interactions to uncover microbiome-mediated functions on cholesterol and bile acid (BA) metabolism. Indeed, changes in gut microbiota composition and, hence, its derived metabolites have been previously reported to subsequently impact the metabolic processes and have been linked to several diseases. In this context, associations between a disrupted gut microbiome, impaired BA metabolism, and cholesterol dysregulation have been highlighted. Extensive advances in metagenomic and metabolomic studies in this field have allowed us to further our understanding of the role of intestinal bacteria in metabolic health and disease. However, only a few have provided mechanistic insights into their impact on cholesterol metabolism. Identifying the myriad functions and interactions of these bacteria to maintain cholesterol homeostasis remain an important challenge in such a field of research. In this review, we discuss the impact of gut microbiota on cholesterol metabolism, its association with disease settings, and the potential of modulating gut microbiota as a promising therapeutic target to lower hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Kriaa
- UMR 1319 Micalis, INRA, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Mélanie Bourgin
- UMR 1319 Micalis, INRA, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aline Potiron
- UMR 1319 Micalis, INRA, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Héla Mkaouar
- UMR 1319 Micalis, INRA, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Amin Jablaoui
- UMR 1319 Micalis, INRA, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Philippe Gérard
- UMR 1319 Micalis, INRA, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- UMR 1319 Micalis, INRA, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- UMR 1319 Micalis, INRA, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sun B, Li L, Zhou X. Comparative analysis of the gut microbiota in distinct statin response patients in East China. J Microbiol 2018; 56:886-892. [PMID: 30484158 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-018-8152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Statin response shows great interindividual variations. Recently, emerging studies have shown that gut microbiota is linked to therapeutic responses to drugs, including statins. However, the association between the gut bacteria composition and statin response is still unclear. In this study, gut microbiota of 202 hyperlipidemic patients with statin sensitive (SS) response and statin resistant (SR) response in East China were investigated by high throughput sequencing to compare the gut bacteria composition and biodiversity in distinct statin response patients. Higher biodiversity was detected in Group SS than Group SR. Specifically, group SS showed significantly increased proportion of genera Lactobacillus (P = 0.001), Eubacterium (P = 0.004), Faecalibacterium (P = 0.005), and Bifidobacterium (P = 0.002) and decreased proportion of genus Clostridium (P = 0.001) compared to Group SR. The results indicated that higher gut biodiversity was associated with statin sensitive response. The increased genera Lactobacillus, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium, and decreased genus Clostridium in patient gut microbiota may predict patient's statin response, and hence may guide statin dosage adjustments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Sun
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200, P. R. China
| | - Luming Li
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200, P. R. China
| | - Xinfu Zhou
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264200, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mechanisms responsible for the hypocholesterolaemic effect of regular consumption of probiotics. Nutr Res Rev 2016; 30:36-49. [PMID: 27995830 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422416000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CVD affect a large proportion of the world's population, with dyslipidaemia as the major risk factor. The regular consumption of both probiotic bacteria and yeast has been associated with improvement in the serum lipid profile. Thus, the present review aims to describe and discuss the potential mechanisms responsible for the hypocholesterolaemic effect of regular consumption of probiotic bacteria and yeast. Regarding the hypocholesterolaemic effect of probiotic bacteria, the potential mechanisms responsible include: deconjugation of bile salts; modulation of lipid metabolism; and decreased absorption of intestinal cholesterol through co-precipitation of intestinal cholesterol with the deconjugated bile salts, incorporation and assimilation of cholesterol in the cell membrane of the probiotics, intestinal conversion of cholesterol in coprostanol, and inhibition of the expression of the intestinal cholesterol transporter Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) in the enterocytes. The potential mechanisms responsible for the hypocholesterolaemic effect of probiotic yeasts include: deconjugation of bile salts; co-precipitation of intestinal cholesterol with the deconjugated bile salts; incorporation and assimilation of cholesterol in the cell membrane; and inhibition of hepatic cholesterol synthesis. The regular consumption of probiotic bacteria and yeast, as a non-pharmaceutical approach to help manage cardiovascular risk, holds promise, according to the beneficial hypocholesterolaemic effects described herein. However, the hypocholesterolaemic effects vary according to the strains used, the physiological state of the host, and the type of diet to which the probiotics are added. Further studies are necessary to fill the gaps with regard to the knowledge related to this topic.
Collapse
|
27
|
Gérard P. Metabolism of cholesterol and bile acids by the gut microbiota. Pathogens 2013; 3:14-24. [PMID: 25437605 PMCID: PMC4235735 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens3010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gastro-intestinal tract hosts a complex and diverse microbial community, whose collective genetic coding capacity vastly exceeds that of the human genome. As a consequence, the gut microbiota produces metabolites from a large range of molecules that host's enzymes are not able to convert. Among these molecules, two main classes of steroids, cholesterol and bile acids, denote two different examples of bacterial metabolism in the gut. Therefore, cholesterol is mainly converted into coprostanol, a non absorbable sterol which is excreted in the feces. Moreover, this conversion occurs in a part of the human population only. Conversely, the primary bile acids (cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids) are converted to over twenty different secondary bile acid metabolites by the gut microbiota. The main bile salt conversions, which appear in the gut of the whole human population, include deconjugation, oxidation and epimerization of hydroxyl groups at C3, C7 and C12, 7-dehydroxylation, esterification and desulfatation. If the metabolisms of cholesterol and bile acids by the gut microbiota are known for decades, their consequences on human health and disease are poorly understood and only start to be considered.
Collapse
|
28
|
Cardona ME, Vanay VDV, Midtvedt T, Elisabeth Norin K. Probiotics in gnotobiotic miceConversion of cholesterol to coprostanol in vitro and in vivo and bile acid deconjugation in vitro. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/08910600050216200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Cardona
- Laboratory of Medical Microbial Ecology, Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vibeke de V. Vanay
- Laboratory of Medical Microbial Ecology, Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Laboratory of Medical Microbial Ecology, Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden and Medisinsk Avdeling A, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Midtvedt
- Laboratory of Medical Microbial Ecology, Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K. Elisabeth Norin
- Laboratory of Medical Microbial Ecology, Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Norin E. Intestinal Cholesterol Conversion in Adults and Elderly from Four Different European Countries. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2008; 52 Suppl 1:12-4. [DOI: 10.1159/000115341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
30
|
MARSHALL VALERIEM, TAYLOR ELIZABETH. Ability of neonatal human Lactobacillus isolates to remove cholesterol from liquid media. Int J Food Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb01404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
31
|
FALK P. Exploring the Molecular Basis of Host-Microbial Interactions in the GI Tract. Biosci Microflora 2002. [DOI: 10.12938/bifidus1996.21.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
32
|
Midtvedt ENT. Interactions of Bacteria with the Host Alteration of Microflora-Associated Characteristics of the Host; Non-Immune Functions. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/089106000750060440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Norin, Tore Midtvedt
- From the Dept of Cell & Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Medical Microbial Ecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Madden U, Osweiler G, Knipe L, Beran G, Beitz D. Effects of Eubacterium coprostanoligenes and Lactobacillus on pH, Lipid Content, and Cholesterol of Fermented Pork and Mutton Sausage-Type Mixes. J Food Sci 1999. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb15937.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
34
|
Kullen MJ, Amann MM, O'Shaughnessy MJ, O'Sullivan DJ, Busta FF, Brady LJ. Differentiation of ingested and endogenous bifidobacteria by DNA fingerprinting demonstrates the survival of an unmodified strain in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. J Nutr 1997; 127:89-94. [PMID: 9040550 DOI: 10.1093/jn/127.1.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of bifidobacteria as a dietary adjunct has received considerable attention for its possible role in the maintenance of gastrointestinal health. However, speculation exists about these presumed health benefits because of an inability to assess the fate and mechanism of action of ingested bifidobacteria. Thus, our objective was to examine the fate of ingested bifidobacteria through the gastrointestinal tract. Variations in the highly conserved 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of bifidobacteria from six male subjects (18 to 35 y old) were assessed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. During the 16-d study, 10(10) colony-forming units (CFU) of a commercially available bifidobacteria were delivered to subjects in fluid milk for each of 8 d. During the remaining 8 d, subjects consumed milk without bifidobacteria. Feces were collected at 4-d intervals and plated on selective media. For each subject, 10-15 colonies were randomly selected and used as template for PCR-amplification of 16S rDNA. 16S rDNA was restriction digested and resolved by electrophoresis. The 16S rDNA-RFLP of the ingested bifidobacteria was unique compared with bifidobacteria found in subjects prior to the feeding study. When subjects consumed bifidobacteria, a 16S rDNA-RFLP identical to that of the ingested bifidobacteria was observed in feces. The concentration of the ingested bifidobacteria in feces increased to 67.2 +/- 8.5% (mean +/- SEM) of total bifidobacteria. After feeding stopped, the ingested bifidobacteria diminished and became undetectable. Using this molecular approach to monitor ingested bifidobacteria, we demonstrate the kinetics of passage of this organism through the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Kullen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li L, Baumann CA, Meling DD, Sell JL, Beitz DC. Effect of orally administered Eubacterium coprostanoligenes ATCC 51222 on plasma cholesterol concentration in laying hens. Poult Sci 1996; 75:743-5. [PMID: 8737839 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0750743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thirty normocholesterolemic laying hens were used to investigate the effect of oral administration of Eubacterium coprostanoligenes on plasma cholesterol concentrations. Hens were divided randomly into three treatment groups (active, inactive, and control) with 10 hens in each group. The active group received 0.5 mL of E. coprostanoligenes suspension (approximately 2 x 10(7) cells per milliliter) daily for 4 wk; the inactive group received the same dosage of killed (boiled) bacterial suspension; and the control group received no supplemental bacteria. After bacterial feeding, the coprostanol to cholesterol ratio in feces of the active group was significantly greater than ratios of the inactive and control groups, indicating that E. coprostanoligenes was colonized in the intestine of hens and was converting intestinal cholesterol to coprostanol. Plasma cholesterol concentrations, however, were not affected by the bacterial treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|