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Li J, Feng S, Liu X, Jia X, Qiao F, Guo J, Deng S. Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine and its Active Ingredients on Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837907. [PMID: 35721131 PMCID: PMC9204478 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing and widespread application of antibacterial drugs makes antibiotic resistance a prominent and growing concern in clinical practice. The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria presents a global threat. However, the development and use of novel antibacterial agents involves time-consuming and costly challenges that may lead to yet further drug resistance. More recently, researchers have turned to traditional Chinese medicine to stem the rise of antibiotic resistance in pathogens. Many studies have shown traditional Chinese medicines to have significant bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, with the advantage of low drug resistance. Some of which when combined with antibiotics, have also demonstrated antibacterial activity by synergistic effect. Traditional Chinese medicine has a variety of active components, including flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, and quinones, which can inhibit the growth of drug-resistant bacteria and be used in combination with a variety of antibiotics to treat various drug-resistant bacterial infections. We reviewed the interaction between the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. At present, flavonoids and alkaloids are the active ingredients that have been most widely studied, with significant synergistic activity demonstrated when used in combination with antibiotics against drug-resistant bacteria. The reviewed studies show that traditional Chinese medicine and its active ingredients have antimicrobial activity on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which may enhance the susceptibility of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, potentially reduce the required dosage of antibacterial agents and the rate of drug resistance. Our results provide direction for finding and developing alternative methods to counteract drug-resistant bacteria, offering a new therapeutic strategy for tackling antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengling Qiao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlin Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Systematic Research of Distinctive Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Deng
- Non-Coding RNA and Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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2
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Li Y, Liang C, Zhou X. The application prospects of honokiol in dermatology. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15658. [PMID: 35726011 PMCID: PMC9541939 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol is one of the natural extracts of Magnolia officinalis. It is a small molecule, lipophilic compound with extensive biological effects. It has been used in the treatment of multisystem diseases, including digestive diseases, endocrine diseases, nervous system diseases, and various tumors. This paper reviews the biological effects of honokiol on the treatment of skin diseases in recent years, including anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-fibrosis, anti-allergy, photo-protection, and immunomodulation. Most current researches are focused on the effects of anti-melanoma and photo-protection. Therefore, we summarized the specific mechanisms about these two effects. On the other side of treating skin diseases, the advantages of topical drugs cannot be replaced. As a small molecule fat-soluble compound, honokiol is suitable for external use. We reviewed the advantages and disadvantages of the topical mixed cream and various improved methods. These improvements include physical and chemical penetration enhancers, drug carriers, and chemical derivatives. In conclusion, honokiol has a wide range of effects, and its topical preparation provides a safe and effective way for treating skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglin Liang
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiyuan Zhou
- Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China
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3
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Chtioui W, Balmas V, Delogu G, Migheli Q, Oufensou S. Bioprospecting Phenols as Inhibitors of Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium: Sustainable Approaches to the Management of Wheat Pathogens. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14020072. [PMID: 35202101 PMCID: PMC8875213 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium spp. are ubiquitous fungi able to cause Fusarium head blight and Fusarium foot and root rot on wheat. Among relevant pathogenic species, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum cause significant yield and quality loss and result in contamination of the grain with mycotoxins, mainly type B trichothecenes, which are a major health concern for humans and animals. Phenolic compounds of natural origin are being increasingly explored as fungicides on those pathogens. This review summarizes recent research activities related to the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic activity of natural phenolic compounds against Fusarium, including studies into the mechanisms of action of major exogenous phenolic inhibitors, their structure-activity interaction, and the combined effect of these compounds with other natural products or with conventional fungicides in mycotoxin modulation. The role of high-throughput analysis tools to decipher key signaling molecules able to modulate the production of mycotoxins and the development of sustainable formulations enhancing potential inhibitors’ efficacy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Chtioui
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Safa Oufensou
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079-229-297
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4
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Trifan A, Bostănaru AC, Luca SV, Temml V, Akram M, Herdlinger S, Kulinowski Ł, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Granica S, Czerwińska ME, Kruk A, Greige-Gerges H, Mareș M, Schuster D. Honokiol and Magnolol: Insights into Their Antidermatophytic Effects. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2522. [PMID: 34834886 PMCID: PMC8620735 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dermatophyte infections represent a significant public health concern, with an alarming negative impact caused by unsuccessful therapeutic regimens. Natural products have been highlighted as a promising alternative, due to their long-standing traditional use and increasing scientific recognition. In this study, honokiol and magnolol, the main bioactives from Magnolia spp. bark, were investigated for their antidermatophytic activity. The antifungal screening was performed using dermatophyte standard strains and clinical isolates. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined in accordance with EUCAST-AFST guidelines, with minor modifications. The effects on ergosterol biosynthesis were assessed in Trichophyton rubrum cells by HPLC-DAD. Putative interactions with terbinafine against T. rubrum were evaluated by the checkerboard method. Their impact on cells' viability and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) was shown using an ex vivo human neutrophils model. Honokiol and magnolol were highly active against tested dermatophytes, with MIC and MFC values of 8 and 16 mg/L, respectively. The mechanism of action involved the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, with accumulation of squalene in T. rubrum cells. Synergy was assessed for binary mixtures of magnolol with terbinafine (FICI = 0.50), while honokiol-terbinafine combinations displayed only additive effects (FICI = 0.56). In addition, magnolol displayed inhibitory effects towards IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α released from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophils, while honokiol only decreased IL-1β secretion, compared to the untreated control. Overall, honokiol and magnolol acted as fungicidal agents against dermatophytes, with impairment of ergosterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Trifan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Andra-Cristina Bostănaru
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Simon Vlad Luca
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life and Food Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Veronika Temml
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (V.T.); (M.A.); (S.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (V.T.); (M.A.); (S.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Sonja Herdlinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (V.T.); (M.A.); (S.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Łukasz Kulinowski
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (Ł.K.); (K.S.-W.)
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Monika E. Czerwińska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kruk
- Microbiota Lab, Centre for Preclinical Studies, Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Hélène Greige-Gerges
- Bioactive Molecules Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Section II, Lebanese University, Jdeidet el-Matn B.P. 90656, Lebanon;
| | - Mihai Mareș
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 700489 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (V.T.); (M.A.); (S.H.); (D.S.)
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5
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Yaakoub H, Staerck C, Mina S, Godon C, Fleury M, Bouchara JP, Calenda A. Repurposing of auranofin and honokiol as antifungals against Scedosporium species and the related fungus Lomentospora prolificans. Virulence 2021; 12:1076-1090. [PMID: 33825667 PMCID: PMC8032236 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1909266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The slowing-down de novo drug-discovery emphasized the importance of repurposing old drugs. This is particularly true when combating infections caused by therapy-refractory microorganisms, such as Scedosporium species and Lomentospora prolificans. Recent studies on Scedosporium responses to oxidative stress underscored the importance of targeting the underlying mechanisms. Auranofin, ebselen, PX-12, honokiol, and to a lesser extent, conoidin A are known to disturb redox-homeostasis systems in many organisms. Their antifungal activity was assessed against 27 isolates belonging to the major Scedosporium species: S. apiospermum, S. aurantiacum, S. boydii, S. dehoogii, S. minutisporum, and Lomentospora prolificans. Auranofin and honokiol were the most active against all Scedosporium species (mean MIC50 values of 2.875 and 6.143 μg/ml, respectively) and against L. prolificans isolates (mean MIC50 values of 4.0 and 3.563μg/ml respectively). Combinations of auranofin with voriconazole or honokiol revealed additive effects against 9/27 and 18/27 isolates, respectively. Synergistic interaction between auranofin and honokiol was only found against one isolate of L. prolificans. The effects of auranofin upon exposure to oxidative stress were also investigated. For all species except S. dehoogii, the maximal growth in the presence of auranofin significantly decreased when adding a sublethal dose of menadione. The analysis of the expression of genes encoding oxidoreductase enzymes upon exposure of S. apiospermum to honokiol unveiled the upregulation of many genes, especially those coding peroxiredoxins, thioredoxin reductases, and glutaredoxins. Altogether, these data suggest that auranofin and honokiol act via dampening the redox balance and support their repurposing as antifungals against Scedosporium species and L. prolificans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Yaakoub
- Groupe d'Etude Des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), SFR ICAT 4208, UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Institut De Biologie En Santé-IRIS, CHU Angers,Angers, France
| | - Cindy Staerck
- Groupe d'Etude Des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), SFR ICAT 4208, UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Institut De Biologie En Santé-IRIS, CHU Angers,Angers, France
| | - Sara Mina
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Charlotte Godon
- Groupe d'Etude Des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), SFR ICAT 4208, UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Institut De Biologie En Santé-IRIS, CHU Angers,Angers, France
| | - Maxime Fleury
- Groupe d'Etude Des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), SFR ICAT 4208, UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Institut De Biologie En Santé-IRIS, CHU Angers,Angers, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- Groupe d'Etude Des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), SFR ICAT 4208, UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Institut De Biologie En Santé-IRIS, CHU Angers,Angers, France.,Département de biologie des agents infectieux , Laboratoire De Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Alphonse Calenda
- Groupe d'Etude Des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP, EA 3142), SFR ICAT 4208, UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Institut De Biologie En Santé-IRIS, CHU Angers,Angers, France
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6
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Aneke CI, Rhimi W, Otranto D, Cafarchia C. Synergistic Effects of Efflux Pump Modulators on the Azole Antifungal Susceptibility of Microsporum canis. Mycopathologia 2020; 185:279-288. [PMID: 31894500 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microbiologic and clinical resistance of dermatophytes is seldom reported, and the mechanisms associated with resistance are not well known. This study investigated the effect of efflux pump modulators (EPMs) (i.e., haloperidol HAL and promethazine PTZ) and their inhibiting activity on the minimum inhibitory concentrations of itraconazole (ITZ) and fluconazole (FLZ) against selected M. canis strains. M. canis strains with low (≤ 1 μg/ml itraconazole and < 64 μg/ml fluconazole) and high (> 1 μg/ml itraconazole and ≥ 64 μg/ml fluconazole) azole MIC values were tested using Checkerboard microdilution assay. The disk diffusion assay, the minimum fungicidal concentration and the time-kill assay were also performed in order to confirm the results of checkerboard microdilution assay. The MIC values of ITZ and FLZ of M. canis decreased in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of HAL and PTZ, the latter being more effective with a greater increased susceptibility. Synergism was observed in all strains with high azole MICs (FICI < 0.5) and no synergism in the strains with low azole MICs. A fungicidal activity was observed after 48 h of incubation when ITZ and FLZ were tested in combination with HAL or PTZ. These results suggest that the drug efflux pumps are involved in the defense mechanisms to azole drugs in M. canis strains. The synergism might be related to an increased expression of efflux pump genes, eventually resulting in azole resistance phenomena. Complementary studies on M. canis resistance are advocated in order to investigate the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioma Inyang Aneke
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi "Aldo Moro", 70010, Valenzano (Bari), Italy.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Wafa Rhimi
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi "Aldo Moro", 70010, Valenzano (Bari), Italy.,Faculté Des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Zarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi "Aldo Moro", 70010, Valenzano (Bari), Italy
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento Di Medicina Veterinaria, Università Degli Studi "Aldo Moro", 70010, Valenzano (Bari), Italy.
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Terpene Derivatives as a Potential Agent against Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Pathogens. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142631. [PMID: 31330955 PMCID: PMC6680751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogens has prompted extensive research to find alternative therapeutics. Plants rich with natural secondary metabolites are one of the go-to reservoirs for discovery of potential resources to alleviate this problem. Terpenes and their derivatives comprising of hydrocarbons, are usually found in essential oils (EOs). They have been reported to have potent antimicrobial activity, exhibiting bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against tested pathogens. This brief review discusses the activity of terpenes and derivatives against pathogenic bacteria, describing the potential of the activity against AMR followed by the possible mechanism exerted by each terpene class. Finally, ongoing research and possible improvisation to the usage of terpenes and terpenoids in therapeutic practice against AMR are discussed.
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8
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Liu S, Li L, Tan L, Liang X. Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Replication by Natural Compound Honokiol. Virol Sin 2019; 34:315-323. [PMID: 30915606 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Honokiol is a pleiotropic natural compound isolated from Magnolia and has multiple biological and clinically relevant effects, including anticancer and antimicrobial function. However, the antiviral activity of honokiol has not yet been well studied. Here we showed that honokiol had no effect on herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) entry, but inhibited HSV-1 viral DNA replication, gene expression and the production of new progeny viruses. The combination of honokiol and clinical drug acyclovir augmented inhibition of HSV-1 infection. Our results illustrate that honokiol could be a potential new candidate for clinical consideration in the treatment of HSV-1 infection alone or combination with other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Long Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lingbing Tan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaozhen Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Shi J, Li S, Gao A, Zhu K, Zhang H. Tetrandrine enhances the antifungal activity of fluconazole in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 46:21-31. [PMID: 30097119 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrandrine (TET), a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Stephaniae tetrandrae, has a long history in Chinese clinical applications as an anti-inflammatory or anti-arrhythmic agent in the treatment of diverse diseases. In our previous study, TET exhibited the synergisitic action on azoles against pathogenic fungi. PURPOSE In the current study, we examined whether TET can enhance the antifungal activity of FLC against disseminated candidiasis in mice. METHODS BALB/c mice were inoculated intravenously with FLC-sensitive or FLC-resistant strains of Candida albicans, randomized and treated intraperitoneally with different doses of TET and/or FLC daily for 7 days. The treatment effectiveness, fungal burdens and the levels of the IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β1 and IL-17A are determined in serum by ELISA and in the kidney by Real-time RT-PCR methods. RESULTS We found that treatment with 45, 30 and 15 mg/kg of TET, enhanced the antifungal activities of a sub-critical dose (0.4 or 5 mg/kg) and minimal dose (0.8 or 10 mg/kg) of FLC against FLC-sensitive and FLC-resistant (respectively) infected mice. In the resistant strains the resistance mechanisms included MDR1 overexpression-and CDR1/CDR2 overexpression. Furthermore, when animals were treated with a sub-high dose (1.6-3.2 and 20-30 mg/kg) of FLC in the presence of fixed amounts of TET at 45, 30 and 15 mg/kg, the therapeutic doses of FLC could be substantially reduced in all strains tested. The findings in infected animal are consistent with the conclusion that TET exerts a synergistic effect on FLC against C. albicans by fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) and time-killing test in vitro. CONCLUSION In summary, our data indicate that TET will enhance the antifungal activity of FLC against C. albicans infection in disseminated mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Mycology, Jinan University,#601 Huangpu West Ave, Guangzhou, China; Shenzhen Shajing Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuixiu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Mycology, Jinan University,#601 Huangpu West Ave, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aili Gao
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunju Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Mycology, Jinan University,#601 Huangpu West Ave, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Mycology, Jinan University,#601 Huangpu West Ave, Guangzhou, China.
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10
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Song Z, Sun J, Deng P, Zhou F, Xu H, Wen Y, Teng F, Ge D, Feng R. Oligochitosan-pluronic 127 conjugate for delivery of honokiol. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:740-750. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1434785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Song
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jingjie Sun
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Peizong Deng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Feilong Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yi Wen
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Fangfang Teng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Di Ge
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
| | - Runliang Feng
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, PR China
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11
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Huang KJ, Kuo CH, Chen SH, Lin CY, Lee YR. Honokiol inhibits in vitro and in vivo growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma through induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and autophagy. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:1894-1908. [PMID: 29363886 PMCID: PMC5824386 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Honokiol, an active natural product derived from Magnolia officinalis, exerted anticancer effects through a variety of mechanisms on multiple types of cancers. In this study, the molecular mechanisms of honokiol in suppressing the human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells were evaluated. Treatment of two OSCC cell lines with honokiol resulted in reducing the cell proliferation and arresting the cell cycle at G1 stage which was correlated with the down‐regulation of Cdk2 and Cdk4 and the up‐regulation of cell cycle suppressors, p21 and p27. In addition, the caspase‐dependent programmed cell death was substantially detected, and the autophagy was induced as the autophagosome formation and autophagic flux proceeded. Modulation of autophagy by autophagic inducer, rapamycin or inhibitors, 3‐MA or bafilomycin, potentiated the honokiol‐mediated anti‐OSCC effects where honokiol exerted multiple actions in suppression of MAPK pathway and regulation of Akt/mTOR or AMPK pathways. As compared to clinical therapeutic agent, 5‐FU, honokiol exhibited more potent activity against OSCC cells and synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic effect of 5‐FU. Furthermore, orally administrated honokiol exerted effective antitumour activity in vivo in OSCC‐xenografted mice. Thus, this study revealed that honokiol could be a promising candidate in preventing human OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kao-Jean Huang
- Development Center for Biotechnology, Institute of Biologics, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ho Kuo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood Bank, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
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12
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Zacchino SA, Butassi E, Liberto MD, Raimondi M, Postigo A, Sortino M. Plant phenolics and terpenoids as adjuvants of antibacterial and antifungal drugs. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 37:27-48. [PMID: 29174958 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensive use of antibacterial and antifungal drugs has dramatically increased the microbial resistance and has led to a higher number of difficult-to-eradicate infections. Combination therapy with two or more antimicrobial drugs has emerged some years ago to overcome the issue, but it has proven to be not completely effective. Natural secondary metabolites of MW ≤ 500 represent promising adjuvants for antimicrobials and have been the object of several researches that have increased in the last two decades. PURPOSE The purpose of this Review is to do a literature search of the natural compounds that showed high enhancing capacity of antibacterials' and antifungals' effects against planktonic bacteria and fungi and to analyze which are the natural products most used in combination with a focus on polyphenols and terpenoids. RESULTS One hundred of papers were collected for reviewing. Fifty six (56) of them deal with combinations of low MW natural products with antibacterial drugs against planktonic bacteria and forty four (44) on natural products with antifungal drugs against planktonic fungi. Of the antibacterial adjuvants, 41 (73%) were either polyphenols (27; 48%) or terpenes (14; 25%). The remaining 15 papers (27%), deal with different class of natural products. Since most natural potentiators belong to the terpene or phenolic structural types, a more detailed description of the works dealing with these type of compounds is provided here. Bacterial and fungal resistance mechanisms, the modes of action of the main classes of antibacterial and antifungal drugs and the methodologies most used to assess the type of interactions in the combinations were included in the Review too. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Several promising results on the potentiation effects of antifungals' and antibacterials' activities by low MW natural products mainly on polyphenols and terpenes were reported in the literature and, in spite of that most works included only in vitro assays, this knowledge opens a wide range of possibilities for the combination antimicrobial therapy. Further research including in vivo assays and clinical trials are required to determine the relevance of these antimicrobial enhancers in the clinical area and should be the focus of future studies in order to develop new antimicrobial combination agents that overpass the drawbacks of the existing antibiotics and antifungals in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A Zacchino
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina.
| | - Estefania Butassi
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Melina Di Liberto
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Marcela Raimondi
- Area Microbiología, Facultad de Cs. Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Agustina Postigo
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano Sortino
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina; Área Micología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario 2000, Argentina
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Sun L, Liao K, Wang D. Honokiol induces superoxide production by targeting mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I in Candida albicans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184003. [PMID: 28854218 PMCID: PMC5576747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Honokiol, a compound extracted from Magnolia officinalis, has antifungal activities by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and triggering apoptosis in Candida albicans. However, the mechanism of honokiol-induced oxidative stress is poorly understood. The present investigation was designed to determine the specific mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generation component. Methods/results We found that honokiol induced mitochondrial ROS accumulation, mainly superoxide anions (O2•−) measured by fluorescent staining method. The mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (C I) inhibitor rotenone completely blocked O2•− production and provided the protection from the killing action of honokiol. Moreover, respiratory activity and the C I enzyme activity was significantly reduced after honokiol treatment. The differential gene-expression profile also showed that genes involved in oxidoreductase activity, electron transport, and oxidative phosphorylation were upregulated. Conclusions The present work shows that honokiol may bind to mitochondrial respiratory chain C I, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, accompanied by increased cellular superoxide anion and oxidative stress. General significance This work not only provides insights on the mechanism by which honokiol interferes with fungal cell, demonstrating previously unknown effects on mitochondrial physiology, but also raises a note of caution on the use of M. officinalis as a Chinese medicine due to the toxic for mitochondria and suggests the possibility of using honokiol as chemosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmei Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (DW)
| | - Kai Liao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (DW)
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14
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Cai Z, Ding Z, Hao Y, Ni T, Xie F, Zhao J, Li R, Yu S, Wang T, Chai X, Jin Y, Gao Y, Zhang D, Jiang Y. Design, synthesis, and SAR study of 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-N-benzylpropanamide as novel potent synergists against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4571-4575. [PMID: 28874321 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Based on our previous discovery and SAR study on the lead compounds 7d, 5 and berberine which can significantly enhance the susceptibility of fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans, a series of 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-N-(substituted benzyl)propanamides were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro synergistic activity in combination with fluconazole. The series 2a-f were designed by replacing the amide moiety of the lead compound 7d with retro-amide moiety, and compounds 2a and 2b showed more activity than the lead 7d. Furthermore, introducing biphenyl moiety into series 2d-f afforded series 3a-r, most of which exhibited significantly superior activity to the series 2d-f. Especially, compound 3e, at a concentration of 1.0µg/ml, can enhance the susceptibility of fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans from 128.0µg/ml to 0.125-0.25µg/ml. A clear SAR of the compounds is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Cai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zichao Ding
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yumeng Hao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou 350112, China
| | - Tingjunhong Ni
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou 350112, China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shichong Yu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongsheng Jin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou 350112, China.
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Center of New Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
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15
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Anand J, Rai N. Anticandidal synergistic activity of green tea catechins, antimycotics and copper sulphate as a mean of combinational drug therapy against candidiasis. J Mycol Med 2017; 27:33-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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16
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Sun L, Liao K, Hang C, Wang D. Honokiol induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in Candida albicans through mitochondrial dysfunction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172228. [PMID: 28192489 PMCID: PMC5305218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of honokiol on induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant defense systems, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in Candida albicans. Methods To measure ROS accumulation, 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence was used. Lipid peroxidation was assessed using both fluorescence staining and a thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. Protein oxidation was determined using dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization. Antioxidant enzymatic activities were measured using commercially available detection kits. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes expression was measured using real time RT-PCR. To assess its antifungal abilities and effectiveness on ROS accumulation, honokiol and the SOD inhibitor N,N′-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) were used simultaneously. Mitochondrial dysfunction was assessed by measuring the mitochondrial membrane potential (mtΔψ). Honokiol-induced apoptosis was assessed using an Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit. Results ROS, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation occurred in a dose-dependent manner in C. albicans after honokiol treatment. Honokiol caused an increase in antioxidant enzymatic activity. In addition, honokiol treatment induced SOD genes expression in C. albicans cells. Moreover, addition of DDC resulted in increased endogenous ROS levels and potentiated the antifungal activity of honokiol. Mitochondrial dysfunction was confirmed by measured changes to mtΔψ. The level of apoptosis increased in a dose-dependent manner after honokiol treatment. Conclusions Collectively, these results indicate that honokiol acts as a pro-oxidant in C. albicans. Furthermore, the SOD inhibitor DDC can be used to potentiate the activity of honokiol against C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmei Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Liao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengcheng Hang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Lu M, Li T, Wan J, Li X, Yuan L, Sun S. Antifungal effects of phytocompounds on Candida species alone and in combination with fluconazole. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 49:125-136. [PMID: 28040409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections caused by Candida spp. remain the most predominant nosocomial fungal infections. Owing to the increased use of antifungal agents, resistance of Candida spp. to antimycotics has emerged frequently, especially to fluconazole (FLC). To cope with this issue, new efforts have been dedicated to discovering novel antimycotics or new agents that can enhance the susceptibility of Candida spp. to existing antimycotics. The secondary metabolites of plants represent a large library of compounds that are important sources for new drugs or compounds suitable for further modification. Research on the anti-Candida activities of phytocompounds has been carried out in recent years and the results showed that a series of phytocompounds have anti-Candida properties, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. Among these phytocompounds, some displayed potent antifungal activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ≤8 µg/mL, and several compounds were even more effective against drug-resistant Candida spp. than FLC or itraconazole (e.g. honokiol, magnolol and shikonin). Interestingly, quite a few phytocompounds not only displayed anti-Candida activity alone but also synergised with FLC against Candida spp., even leading to a reversal of FLC resistance. This review focuses on summarising the anti-Candida activities of phytocompounds as well as the interactions of phytocompounds with FLC. In addition, we briefly overview the synergistic mechanisms and present the structure of the antimycotic phytocompounds. Hopefully, this analysis will provide insight into antifungal agent discovery and new approaches against antifungal drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Tao Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Qianfoshan Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Jianjian Wan
- Department of Respiratory, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng, Shandong Province 251200, China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Baodi District People's Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China.
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Cui J, Ren B, Tong Y, Dai H, Zhang L. Synergistic combinations of antifungals and anti-virulence agents to fight against Candida albicans. Virulence 2016; 6:362-71. [PMID: 26048362 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1039885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans, one of the pathogenic Candida species, causes high mortality rate in immunocompromised and high-risk surgical patients. In the last decade, only one new class of antifungal drug echinocandin was applied. The increased therapy failures, such as the one caused by multi-drug resistance, demand innovative strategies for new effective antifungal drugs. Synergistic combinations of antifungals and anti-virulence agents highlight the pragmatic strategy to reduce the development of drug resistant and potentially repurpose known antifungals, which bypass the costly and time-consuming pipeline of new drug development. Anti-virulence and synergistic combination provide new options for antifungal drug discovery by counteracting the difficulty or failure of traditional therapy for fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Cui
- a CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Beijing , China
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19
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Teodoro GR, Ellepola K, Seneviratne CJ, Koga-Ito CY. Potential Use of Phenolic Acids as Anti-Candida Agents: A Review. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1420. [PMID: 26733965 PMCID: PMC4685070 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a sharp rise in the occurrence of Candida infections and associated mortality over the last few years, due to the growing body of immunocompromised population. Limited number of currently available antifungal agents, undesirable side effects and toxicity, as well as emergence of resistant strains pose a considerable clinical challenge for the treatment of candidiasis. Therefore, molecules that derived from natural sources exhibiting considerable antifungal properties are a promising source for the development of novel anti-candidal therapy. Phenolic compounds isolated from natural sources possess antifungal properties of interest. Particularly, phenolic acids have shown promising in vitro and in vivo activity against Candida species. However, studies on their mechanism of action alone or in synergism with known antifungals are still scarce. This review attempts to discuss the potential use, proposed mechanisms of action and limitations of the phenolic acids in anti-candidal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R Teodoro
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Kassapa Ellepola
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chaminda J Seneviratne
- Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cristiane Y Koga-Ito
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual PaulistaSão José dos Campos, Brazil; Department of Environmental Engineering and Biopathology Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual PaulistaSão José dos Campos, Brazil
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Zuo GY, Zhang XJ, Han J, Li YQ, Wang GC. In vitro synergism of magnolol and honokiol in combination with antibacterial agents against clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:425. [PMID: 26627468 PMCID: PMC4666064 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a problematic pathogen posing a serious therapeutic challenge in the clinic. It is often multidrug-resistant (MDR) to conventional classes of antibacterial agents and there is an urgent need to develop new agents or strategies for treatment. Magnolol (ML) and honokiol (HL) are two naturally occurring diallylbiphenols which have been reported to show inhibition of MRSA. In this study their synergistic effects with antibacterial agents were further evaluated via checkerboard and time-kill assays. Methods The susceptibility spectrum of clinical MRSA strains was tested by the disk diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of ML and HL were assayed by broth microdilution. The synergy was evaluated through checkerboard microdilution and time-killing experiments. Results ML and HL showed similar activity against both MSSA and MRSA with MIC/MBC at 16 ~ 64 mg/L, with potency similar to amikacin (AMK) and gentamicin (GEN). When they were used in combination with conventional antibacterial agents, they showed bacteriostatic synergy with FICIs between 0.25 ~ 0.5, leading to the combined MICs decreasing to as low as 1 ~ 2 and 1 ~ 16 mg/L for ML (HL) and the agents, respectively. MIC50 of the combinations decreased from 16 mg/L to 1 ~ 4 mg/L for ML (HL) and 8 ~ 128 mg/L to 2 ~ 64 mg/L for the antibacterial agents, which exhibited a broad spectrum of synergistic action with aminoglycosides (AMK, etilmicin (ETM) and GEN), floroquinolones (levofloxacin (LEV), ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), fosfomycin (FOS) and piperacillin. The times of dilution (TOD, the extent of decreasing in MIC value) were determined up to 16 for the combined MIC. A more significant synergy after combining was determined as ML (HL) with AMK, ETM, GEN and FOS. ML (HL) combined with antibacterial agents did not show antagonistic effects on any of the ten MRSA strains. Reversal effects of MRSA resistance to AMK and GEN by ML and HL were also observed, respectively. All the combinations also showed better dynamic bactericidal activity against MRSA than any of single ML (HL) or the agents at 24 h incubation. The more significant synergy of combinations were determined as HL (ML) + ETM, HL + LEV and HL + AMK (GEN or FOS), with △LC24 of 2.02 ~ 2.25. Conclusion ML and HL showed synergistic potentiation of antibacterial agents against clinical isolates of MRSA and warrant further pharmacological investigation.
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Anju S, Kumar NS, Krishnakumar B, Kumar BSD. Synergistic combination of violacein and azoles that leads to enhanced killing of major human pathogenic dermatophytic fungi Trichophyton rubrum. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 5:57. [PMID: 26322275 PMCID: PMC4531294 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Superficial mycoses caused by dermatophytic fungi such as Trichophyton rubrum represent the most common type of worldwide human infection affecting various keratinized tissues in our body such as the skin, hair, and nails, etc. The dermatophytic infection is a significant public health threat due to its persistent nature and high recurrence rates, and thus alternative treatments to cure this fungal infection are urgently required. The present study mainly focused on the synergistic activity of violacein with four azole drugs (ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, and itraconazole) against T. rubrum. The synergistic antifungal activities of violacein and azoles were measured by checkerboard microdilution and time-kill assays. In our study, combinations of violacein and azoles predominantly recorded synergistic effect (FIC index < 0.5). Significant synergistic value was recorded by the combination of violacein and clotrimazole. Time-kill assay by the combination of MIC concentration of violacein and azoles recorded that the growth of the T. rubrum was significantly arrested after 4–12 h of treatment. The combination of violacein and azoles leads to the enhanced inhibition of mycelial growth and conidial germination. Moreover combination enhanced the rate of release of intracellular materials. Morphological changes by SEM analysis were also prominent with the combination. A normal human cell line [Foreskin (FS) normal fibroblast] was used to check the cytotoxicity of violacein. Interestingly violacein recorded no cytotoxicity up to 100 μg/ml. The in vitro synergistic effect of violacein and azoles against clinically relevant fungi, T. rubrum, is reported here for the first time. Finally, our findings support the potential use of the violacein as an antifungal agent especially against dermatophytic fungi T. rubrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Anju
- Environmental Technology, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Nishanth S Kumar
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - B Krishnakumar
- Environmental Technology, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - B S Dileep Kumar
- Agroprocessing and Natural Products Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Sun L, Liao K, Wang D. Effects of magnolol and honokiol on adhesion, yeast-hyphal transition, and formation of biofilm by Candida albicans. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117695. [PMID: 25710475 PMCID: PMC4339376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The first step in infection by Candida albicans is adhesion to host cells or implanted medical devices and this followed by hyphal growth and biofilm formation. Yeast-to-hyphal transition has long been identified as a key factor in fungal virulence. Following biofilm formation, C. albicans is usually less sensitive or insensitive to antifungals. Therefore, development of new antifungals with inhibitory action on adhesion, yeast-hyphal transition and biofilm formation by C. albicans is very necessary. Methods The effects of magnolol and honokiol on hypha growth were investigated using different induction media. Their inhibitory effects were determined using the 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5- carboxanilide assay, and biofilm thickness and viability were observed by a confocal scanning laser microscope. Mammalian cells were used in adhesion assays. Genes related to hyphae development and cell adhesions were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The exogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate was used to determine the mechanisms of action of magnolol and honokiol. Caenorhabditis elegans was used as an in vivo model to estimate the antifungal activities of magnolol and honokiol. Results and conclusions Magnolol and honokiol inhibited adhesion, the transition from yeast to hypha, and biofilm formation by C. albicans through the Ras1-cAMP-Efg1 pathway. Moreover, magnolol and honokiol prolonged the survival of nematodes infected by C. albicans. Magnolol and honokiol have potential inhibitory effects against biofilm formation by C. albicans. General Significance This study provides useful information towards the development of new strategies to reduce the incidence of C. albicans biofilm-associated infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingmei Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (DW)
| | - Kai Liao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (DW)
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Sun LM, Liao K, Liang S, Yu PH, Wang DY. Synergistic activity of magnolol with azoles and its possible antifungal mechanism against Candida albicans. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 118:826-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.-M. Sun
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical School of Southeast University; Nanjing China
| | - K. Liao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology; Medical School; Southeast University; Nanjing China
| | - S. Liang
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical School of Southeast University; Nanjing China
| | - P.-H. Yu
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical School of Southeast University; Nanjing China
| | - D.-Y. Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease in Ministry of Education; Medical School of Southeast University; Nanjing China
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Liu H, Wang L, Li Y, Liu J, An M, Zhu S, Cao Y, Jiang Z, Zhao M, Cai Z, Dai L, Ni T, Liu W, Chen S, Wei C, Zang C, Tian S, Yang J, Wu C, Zhang D, Liu H, Jiang Y. Structural optimization of berberine as a synergist to restore antifungal activity of fluconazole against drug-resistant Candida albicans. ChemMedChem 2013; 9:207-16. [PMID: 24376206 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have conducted systematic structural modification, deconstruction, and reconstruction of the berberine core with the aim of lowering its cytotoxicity, investigating its pharmacophore, and ultimately, seeking novel synergistic agents to restore the effectiveness of fluconazole against fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. A structure-activity relationship study of 95 analogues led us to identify the novel scaffold of N-(2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-2-(substituted phenyl)acetamides 7 a-l, which exhibited remarkable levels of in vitro synergistic antifungal activity. Compound 7 d (N-(2-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl)-2-(2-fluorophenyl)acetamide) significantly decreased the MIC₈₀ values of fluconazole from 128.0 μg mL⁻¹ to 0.5 μg mL⁻¹ against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and exhibited much lower levels of cytotoxicity than berberine toward human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 18 Yunwan Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004 (China)
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25
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Keçeli SA, Willke A, Tamer GS, Boral OB, Sonmez N, Cağatay P. Interaction between caspofungin or voriconazole and cefoperazone-sulbactam or piperacillin-tazobactam by in vitro and in vivo methods. APMIS 2013; 122:412-7. [PMID: 24033828 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive patients are at risk of fungal and bacterial infections. Therefore, these patients receive prophylactic, preemptive, empirical or target antifungal and concomitant antibiotic therapy. To this end, caspofungin (CAS) or voriconazole (VRC) antifungals and cefoperazone-sulbactam (CPZ/SAM) or piperacillin-tazobactam (PIP/TAZ) antibiotics may be used. Here, we aimed to investigate the interaction between these antifungals and antibiotics by in vitro and in vivo methods. The interaction was tested by chequerboard analysis and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). It was also tested in a neutropenic mice-invasive candidiasis model and evaluated by fungal burden in kidney tissue of infected animals from the first day to the fifth day of treatment with 24 h intervals. A synergism was detected between CAS and CPZ/SAM (FICI = 0.1) and PIP/TAZ (FICI = 0.3). Fungal burden in tissues of drug-treated mice was reduced compared with controls in a time-dependent manner. In comparison with CAS-alone treated group, there were 1.32 log10 reductions of fungal burden in CAS + CPZ/SAM (p = 0.002) and in CAS + PIP/TAZ group (p = 0.14). The same interactions were not found with VRC and antibiotics. CPZ/SAM had stronger synergistic interaction with CAS than PIP/TAZ. The mechanism of synergism is not well understood. This is most likely due to an increase in the anticandidal effect of CAS plus antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Aşkin Keçeli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Lee JH, Jang EC, Han Y. Combination immunotherapy of MAb B6.1 with fluconazole augments therapeutic effect to disseminated candidiasis. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:399-405. [PMID: 21547671 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported that IgM MAb B6.1, specific for β-1, 2-mannotriose on the cell wall of Candida albicans, is therapeutic to disseminated candidiasis due to C. albicans. In the current study, we examined if MAbB6.1 enhances therapeutic effect of fluconazole (FLC) to the disseminated disease. To assess the combination effect, determination by the kidneys-colony forming unit and survival times were used. Results showed that the therapeutic effect of FLC on mice with disseminated candidiasis was dose-dependent, but a FLC dose at 0.8 mg/kg body weight of mice was ineffective. To determine combination effect, mice treated intraperitoneally with a combination of FLC plus MAb B6.1 at 1 h post-infection - a condition of developing partial therapeutic activity - enhanced survival times beyond the effect by only antibody (p < 0.05). The resulting MST (mean survival times) value from the combination-received mice was almost the same as MST value from 3.2 mg FLC dose-given animals (p < 0.05). Another combination of 1.6 mg FLC dose and B6.1 reduced severity of the disseminated disease at almost the same rate as combination efficacy of 0.8 mg FLC dose plus B6.1. This data indicates that B6.1 acts in concert with FLC and that this combination therapy augments protection, which suggests a possibility of reducing FLC dose. The augmentation response was specific because an irrelevant IgM MAb S9 was not effective to the disseminated disease. Thus, our present studies demonstrate that this combination immunotherapy may be a way of solving the problem of limited antifungal drug choices caused by drug-resistant C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue-Hee Lee
- Department of ImmunoMicrobiology, College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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