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Pio-Lopez L, Levin M. Aging as a loss of morphostatic information: A developmental bioelectricity perspective. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102310. [PMID: 38636560 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining order at the tissue level is crucial throughout the lifespan, as failure can lead to cancer and an accumulation of molecular and cellular disorders. Perhaps, the most consistent and pervasive result of these failures is aging, which is characterized by the progressive loss of function and decline in the ability to maintain anatomical homeostasis and reproduce. This leads to organ malfunction, diseases, and ultimately death. The traditional understanding of aging is that it is caused by the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage. In this article, we propose a complementary view of aging from the perspective of endogenous bioelectricity which has not yet been integrated into aging research. We propose a view of aging as a morphostasis defect, a loss of biophysical prepattern information, encoding anatomical setpoints used for dynamic tissue and organ homeostasis. We hypothesize that this is specifically driven by abrogation of the endogenous bioelectric signaling that normally harnesses individual cell behaviors toward the creation and upkeep of complex multicellular structures in vivo. Herein, we first describe bioelectricity as the physiological software of life, and then identify and discuss the links between bioelectricity and life extension strategies and age-related diseases. We develop a bridge between aging and regeneration via bioelectric signaling that suggests a research program for healthful longevity via morphoceuticals. Finally, we discuss the broader implications of the homologies between development, aging, cancer and regeneration and how morphoceuticals can be developed for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Pio-Lopez
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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2
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Crossley CA, Omoluabi T, Torraville SE, Duraid S, Maziar A, Hasan Z, Rajani V, Ando K, Hell JW, Yuan Q. Hippocampal hyperphosphorylated tau-induced deficiency is rescued by L-type calcium channel blockade. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae096. [PMID: 38562310 PMCID: PMC10984573 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging and Alzheimer's disease are associated with chronic elevations in neuronal calcium influx via L-type calcium channels. The hippocampus, a primary memory encoding structure in the brain, is more vulnerable to calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Recent research has suggested a link between L-type calcium channels and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, the precise mechanism of L-type calcium channel-mediated tau toxicity is not understood. In this study, we seeded a human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites in rat hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 region to mimic soluble pretangle tau. Impaired spatial learning was observed in human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused rats as early as 1-3 months and worsened at 9-10 months post-infusion. Rats infused with wild-type human tau exhibited milder behavioural deficiency only at 9-10 months post-infusion. No tangles or plaques were observed in all time points examined in both human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites and human tau-infused brains. However, human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused hippocampus exhibited a higher amount of tau phosphorylation at S262 and S356 than the human tau-infused rats at 3 months post-infusion, paralleling the behavioural deficiency observed in human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused rats. Neuroinflammation indexed by increased Iba1 in the cornu ammonis 1 was observed in human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused rats at 1-3 but not 9 months post-infusion. Spatial learning deficiency in human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused rats at 1-3 months post-infusion was paralleled by decreased neuronal excitability, impaired NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation and augmented L-type calcium channel-dependent long-term potentiation at the cornu ammonis 1 synapses. L-type calcium channel expression was elevated in the soma of the cornu ammonis 1 neurons in human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused rats. Chronic L-type calcium channel blockade with nimodipine injections for 6 weeks normalized neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity and rescued spatial learning deficiency in human tau pseudophosphorylated at 14 amino acid sites-infused rats. The early onset of L-type calcium channel-mediated pretangle tau pathology and rectification by nimodipine in our model have significant implications for preclinical Alzheimer's disease prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea A Crossley
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Tamunotonye Omoluabi
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Sarah E Torraville
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Sarah Duraid
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Aida Maziar
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Zia Hasan
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Vishaal Rajani
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Kanae Ando
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Qi Yuan
- Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3V6, Canada
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3
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Kaar A, Weir MP, Rae MG. Altered neuronal group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor- and endoplasmic reticulum-mediated Ca 2+ signaling in two rodent models of Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2024; 823:137664. [PMID: 38309326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Calcium mobilization from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) induced by, for example, IP3 receptor (IP3R) stimulation, and its subsequent crosstalk with extracellular Ca2+ influx mediated through voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) and neuronal store-operated calcium entry (nSOCE), is essential for normal neuronal signaling and cellular homeostasis. However, several studies suggest that chronic calcium dysregulation may play a key role in the onset and/or progression of neurodegenerative conditions, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, using early postnatal hippocampal tissue from two transgenic murine models of AD, we provide further evidence that not only are crucial calcium signaling pathways dysregulated, but also that such dysregulation occurs at very early stages of development. Utilizing epifluorescence calcium imaging, we investigated ER-, nSOCE- and VGCC-mediated calcium signaling in cultured primary hippocampal neurons from two transgenic rodent models of AD: 3xTg-AD mice (PS1M146V/APPSWE/TauP301L) and TgF344-AD rats (APPSWE/PS1ΔE9) between 2 and 9 days old. Our results reveal that, in comparison to control hippocampal neurons, those from 3xTg-AD mice possessed significantly greater basal ER calcium levels, as measured by larger responses to I-mGluR-mediated ER Ca2+ mobilization (amplitude; 4 (0-19) vs 21(12-36) a.u., non-Tg vs 3xTg-AD; median difference (95 % Cl) = 14 a.u. (11-18); p = 0.004)) but reduced nSOCE (15 (4-22) vs 8(5-11) a.u., non-Tg vs 3xTg-AD; median difference (95 % Cl) = -7 a.u. (-3- -10 a.u.); p < 0.0001). Furthermore, unlike non-Tg neurons, where depolarization enhanced the amplitude, duration and area under the curve (A.U.C.) of I-mGluR-evoked ER-mediated calcium signals when compared with basal conditions, this was not apparent in 3xTg-AD neurons. Whilst the amplitude of depolarization-enhanced I-mGluR-evoked ER-mediated calcium signals from both non-Tg F344 and TgF344-AD neurons was significantly enhanced relative to basal conditions, the A.U.C. and duration of responses were enhanced significantly upon depolarization in non-Tg F344, but not in TgF344-AD, neurons. Overall, the nature of basal I-mGluR-mediated calcium responses did not differ significantly between non-Tg F344 and TgF344-AD neurons. In summary, our results characterizing ER- and nSOCE-mediated calcium signaling in neurons demonstrate that ER Ca2+ dyshomeostasis is an early and potentially pathogenic event in familial AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Kaar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Megan P Weir
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark G Rae
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland.
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4
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Kraner SD, Sompol P, Prateeptrang S, Promkan M, Hongthong S, Thongsopha N, Nelson PT, Norris CM. Development of a monoclonal antibody specific for a calpain-generated ∆48 kDa calcineurin fragment, a marker of distressed astrocytes. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 402:110012. [PMID: 37984591 PMCID: PMC10841921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcineurin (CN) is a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase. In healthy tissue, CN exists mainly as a full-length (∼60 kDa) highly-regulated protein phosphatase involved in essential cellular functions. However, in diseased or injured tissue, CN is proteolytically converted to a constitutively active fragment that has been causatively-linked to numerous pathophysiologic processes. These calpain-cleaved CN fragments (∆CN) appear at high levels in human brain at early stages of cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). NEW METHOD We developed a monoclonal antibody to ∆CN, using an immunizing peptide corresponding to the C-terminal end of the ∆CN fragment. RESULTS We obtained a mouse monoclonal antibody, designated 26A6, that selectively detects ∆CN in Western analysis of calpain-cleaved recombinant human CN. Using this antibody, we screened both pathological and normal human brain sections provided by the University of Kentucky's Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. 26A6 showed low reactivity towards normal brain tissue, but detected astrocytes both surrounding AD amyloid plaques and throughout AD brain tissue. In brain tissue with infarcts, there was considerable concentration of 26A6-positive astrocytes within/around infarcts, suggesting a link with anoxic/ischemia pathways. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD The results obtained with the new monoclonal are similar to those obtained with a polyclonal we had previously developed. However, the monoclonal is an abundant tool available to the dementia research community. CONCLUSIONS The new monoclonal 26A6 antibody is highly selective for the ∆CN proteolytic fragment and labels a subset of astrocytes, and could be a useful tool for marking insidious brain pathology and identifying novel astrocyte phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pradoldej Sompol
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Siriyagon Prateeptrang
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, USA; School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Moltira Promkan
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, USA; Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Suthida Hongthong
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, USA; School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Napasorn Thongsopha
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, USA; School of Allied Health Science, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Peter T Nelson
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Christopher M Norris
- Sanders Brown Center on Aging, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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5
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Berezutsky MA, Durnova NA, Andronova TA. [Ginkgolide B: mechanisms of neurobiological effects, prospects for use in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:22-27. [PMID: 38676673 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412404122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The review presents an analysis of experimental data on the study of neurobiological effects of ginkgolide B, which may find application in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Ginkgolide B is a diterpene trilactone isolated from the leaves of the relict woody plant Ginkgo biloba L., which has been used for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine as a neuroprotective agent. In recent years, this compound has attracted attention because of its wide range of neurobiological effects. The neuroprotective effect of ginkgolide B on brain neurons when exposed to various neurotoxins has been established. This compound has also been shown to effectively protect neurons from the effects of beta-amyloid. Studies have revealed the ability of ginkgolide B to reduce microglia activity and regulate neurotransmitter release. In vivo experiments have shown that this substance significantly increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and improves cognitive functions, including memory and learning. It is concluded that ginkgolide B, apparently, may find application in the future as a multi-targeted agent of complex therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Berezutsky
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - N A Durnova
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
| | - T A Andronova
- Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
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Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Butterfield DA. Oxidative damage in neurodegeneration: roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:103-197. [PMID: 37843394 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with multiple etiologies and pathological mechanisms, among which oxidative stress (OS) appears as a major determinant. Intriguingly, OS arises in various pathways regulating brain functions, and it seems to link different hypotheses and mechanisms of AD neuropathology with high fidelity. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, mainly because of its unique lipid composition, resulting in an amplified cascade of redox reactions that target several cellular components/functions ultimately leading to neurodegeneration. The present review highlights the "OS hypothesis of AD," including amyloid beta-peptide-associated mechanisms, the role of lipid and protein oxidation unraveled by redox proteomics, and the antioxidant strategies that have been investigated to modulate the progression of AD. Collected studies from our groups and others have contributed to unraveling the close relationships between perturbation of redox homeostasis in the brain and AD neuropathology by elucidating redox-regulated events potentially involved in both the pathogenesis and progression of AD. However, the complexity of AD pathological mechanisms requires an in-depth understanding of several major intracellular pathways affecting redox homeostasis and relevant for brain functions. This understanding is crucial to developing pharmacological strategies targeting OS-mediated toxicity that may potentially contribute to slow AD progression as well as improve the quality of life of persons with this severe dementing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli," Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli," Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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Martuscello RT, Chen ML, Reiken S, Sittenfeld LR, Ruff DS, Ni CL, Lin CC, Pan MK, Louis ED, Marks AR, Kuo SH, Faust PL. Defective cerebellar ryanodine receptor type 1 and endoplasmic reticulum calcium 'leak' in tremor pathophysiology. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:301-318. [PMID: 37335342 PMCID: PMC10350926 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Essential Tremor (ET) is a prevalent neurological disease characterized by an 8-10 Hz action tremor. Molecular mechanisms of ET remain poorly understood. Clinical data suggest the importance of the cerebellum in disease pathophysiology, and pathological studies indicate Purkinje Cells (PCs) incur damage. Our recent cerebellar cortex and PC-specific transcriptome studies identified alterations in calcium (Ca2+) signaling pathways that included ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) in ET. RyR1 is an intracellular Ca2+ release channel located on the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER), and in cerebellum is predominantly expressed in PCs. Under stress conditions, RyR1 undergoes several post-translational modifications (protein kinase A [PKA] phosphorylation, oxidation, nitrosylation), coupled with depletion of the channel-stabilizing binding partner calstabin1, which collectively characterize a "leaky channel" biochemical signature. In this study, we found markedly increased PKA phosphorylation at the RyR1-S2844 site, increased RyR1 oxidation and nitrosylation, and calstabin1 depletion from the RyR1 complex in postmortem ET cerebellum. Decreased calstabin1-RyR1-binding affinity correlated with loss of PCs and climbing fiber-PC synapses in ET. This 'leaky' RyR1 signature was not seen in control or Parkinson's disease cerebellum. Microsomes from postmortem cerebellum demonstrated excessive ER Ca2+ leak in ET vs. controls, attenuated by channel stabilization. We further studied the role of RyR1 in tremor using a mouse model harboring a RyR1 point mutation that mimics constitutive site-specific PKA phosphorylation (RyR1-S2844D). RyR1-S2844D homozygous mice develop a 10 Hz action tremor and robust abnormal oscillatory activity in cerebellar physiological recordings. Intra-cerebellar microinfusion of RyR1 agonist or antagonist, respectively, increased or decreased tremor amplitude in RyR1-S2844D mice, supporting a direct role of cerebellar RyR1 leakiness for tremor generation. Treating RyR1-S2844D mice with a novel RyR1 channel-stabilizing compound, Rycal, effectively dampened cerebellar oscillatory activity, suppressed tremor, and normalized cerebellar RyR1-calstabin1 binding. These data collectively support that stress-associated ER Ca2+ leak via RyR1 may contribute to tremor pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina T Martuscello
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, PH Stem 15-124, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 650 W 168th Street, BB305, New York, NY, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1150 St Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leah R Sittenfeld
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1150 St Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S Ruff
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 650 W 168th Street, BB305, New York, NY, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Lun Ni
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 650 W 168th Street, BB305, New York, NY, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chih-Chun Lin
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 650 W 168th Street, BB305, New York, NY, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming-Kai Pan
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Elan D Louis
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1150 St Nicholas Ave, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sheng-Han Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 650 W 168th Street, BB305, New York, NY, USA
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Phyllis L Faust
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, 630 W 168th Street, PH Stem 15-124, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- Initiative for Columbia Ataxia and Tremor, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Pham H, Waterhouse M, Rahman S, Baxter C, Romero BD, McLeod DSA, Armstrong BK, Ebeling PR, English DR, Hartel G, Kimlin MG, O'Connell RL, van der Pols JC, Venn AJ, Webb PM, Whiteman DC, Almeida OP, Neale RE. Vitamin D supplementation and cognition-Results from analyses of the D-Health trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2023; 71:1773-1784. [PMID: 36715270 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have consistently found a link between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and higher risk of cognitive impairment. Results from randomized controlled trials have been mixed, and few have been conducted in the general population. METHODS We recruited 21,315 community-dwelling Australians aged between 60 and 84 years to participate in the D-Health Trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The intervention was monthly oral doses of 60,000 international units of vitamin D or placebo for 5 years. We assessed cognitive function in a randomly sampled group of participants aged ≥70 years using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) at 2 and 5 years after randomization. The primary outcome for this analysis was TICS score; the secondary outcome was the proportion of people who had cognitive impairment (defined as TICS score ≤25). We analyzed data using mixed models (linear and logistic). RESULTS We interviewed 3887 participants at year 2 and 3614 participants at year 5. The mean TICS score at these time points was 32.3 and 32.2, respectively. Vitamin D supplementation did not affect cognitive function as measured by TICS score (mean difference between vitamin D and placebo groups 0.04; 95% CI -0.14 to 0.23), or alter risk of cognitive impairment (odds ratio 1.00; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.33). CONCLUSIONS Monthly bolus doses of vitamin D supplementation neither enhanced nor hindered cognitive function among older adults. Population-wide vitamin D supplementation of older adults that are largely vitamin D replete is unlikely to substantially benefit cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Pham
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mary Waterhouse
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sabbir Rahman
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine Baxter
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Briony Duarte Romero
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald S A McLeod
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, and Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- Statistics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael G Kimlin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | | | - Jolieke C van der Pols
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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9
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Li S, Ji X, Gao M, Huang B, Peng S, Wu J. Endogenous Amyloid-formed Ca 2+-permeable Channels in Aged 3xTg AD Mice. FUNCTION 2023; 4:zqad025. [PMID: 37342418 PMCID: PMC10278988 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, is characterized by the accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ). However, whether Aβ itself is a key toxic agent in AD pathogenesis and the precise mechanism of Aβ-elicited neurotoxicity are still debated. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the Aβ channel/pore hypothesis could explain Aβ toxicity, because Aβ oligomers are able to disrupt membranes and cause edge-conductivity pores that may disrupt cell Ca2+ homeostasis and drive neurotoxicity in AD. However, all available data to support this hypothesis have been collected from "in vitro" experiments using high concentrations of exogenous Aβ. It is still unknown whether Aβ channels can be formed by endogenous Aβ in AD animal models. Here, we report an unexpected finding of the spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in aged 3xTg AD mice but not in age-matched wild-type mice. These spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations are sensitive to extracellular Ca2+, ZnCl2, and the Aβ channel blocker Anle138b, suggesting that these spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in aged 3xTg AD mice are mediated by endogenous Aβ-formed channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangtao Li
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ji
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Bing Huang
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Technique, Tactics and Physical Function of General Administration of Sport of China, Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Brain Function and Disease Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute and St. Joseph’s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
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10
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Garcia-Casas P, Rossini M, Filadi R, Pizzo P. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ signaling and Alzheimer's disease: Too much or too little? Cell Calcium 2023; 113:102757. [PMID: 37192560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by poorly known pathogenic mechanisms and aggravated by delayed therapeutic intervention, that still lacks an effective cure. However, it is clear that some important neurophysiological processes are altered years before the onset of clinical symptoms, offering the possibility of identifying biological targets useful for implementation of new therapies. Of note, evidence has been provided suggesting that mitochondria, pivotal organelles in sustaining neuronal energy demand and modulating synaptic activity, are dysfunctional in AD samples. In particular, alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling have been proposed as causal events for neurodegeneration, although the exact outcomes and molecular mechanisms of these defects, as well as their longitudinal progression, are not always clear. Here, we discuss the importance of a correct mitochondrial Ca2+ handling for neuronal physiology and summarize the latest findings on dysfunctional mitochondrial Ca2+ pathways in AD, analysing possible consequences contributing to the neurodegeneration that characterizes the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Garcia-Casas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Michela Rossini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy.
| | - Paola Pizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy; Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council (CNR), 35131 Padua, Italy; Study Centre for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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11
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Pio-Lopez L, Levin M. Morphoceuticals: perspectives for discovery of drugs targeting anatomical control mechanisms in regenerative medicine, cancer and aging. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103585. [PMID: 37059328 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Morphoceuticals are a new class of interventions that target the setpoints of anatomical homeostasis for efficient, modular control of growth and form. Here, we focus on a subclass: electroceuticals, which specifically target the cellular bioelectrical interface. Cellular collectives in all tissues form bioelectrical networks via ion channels and gap junctions that process morphogenetic information, controlling gene expression and allowing cell networks to adaptively and dynamically control growth and pattern formation. Recent progress in understanding this physiological control system, including predictive computational models, suggests that targeting bioelectrical interfaces can control embryogenesis and maintain shape against injury, senescence and tumorigenesis. We propose a roadmap for drug discovery focused on manipulating endogenous bioelectric signaling for regenerative medicine, cancer suppression and antiaging therapeutics. Teaser: By taking advantage of the native problem-solving competencies of cells and tissues, a new kind of top-down approach to biomedicine becomes possible. Bioelectricity offers an especially tractable interface for interventions targeting the software of life for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Pio-Lopez
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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12
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Northall A, Doehler J, Weber M, Vielhaber S, Schreiber S, Kuehn E. Layer-specific vulnerability is a mechanism of topographic map aging. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 128:17-32. [PMID: 37141729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Topographic maps form a critical feature of cortical organization, yet are poorly described with respect to their microstructure in the living aging brain. We acquired quantitative structural and functional 7T-MRI data from younger and older adults to characterize layer-wise topographic maps of the primary motor cortex (M1). Using parcellation-inspired techniques, we show that quantitative T1 and Quantitative Susceptibility Maps values of the hand, face, and foot areas differ significantly, revealing microstructurally distinct cortical fields in M1. We show that these fields are distinct in older adults and that myelin borders between them do not degenerate. We further show that the output layer 5 of M1 shows a particular vulnerability to age-related increased iron, while layer 5 and the superficial layer show increased diamagnetic substance, likely reflecting calcifications. Taken together, we provide a novel 3D model of M1 microstructure, where body parts form distinct structural units, but layers show specific vulnerability toward increased iron and calcium in older adults. Our findings have implications for understanding sensorimotor organization and aging, in addition to topographic disease spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Northall
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
| | - Juliane Doehler
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Miriam Weber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Stefan Vielhaber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Esther Kuehn
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Gray DT, Khattab S, Meltzer J, McDermott K, Schwyhart R, Sinakevitch I, Härtig W, Barnes CA. Retrosplenial cortex microglia and perineuronal net densities are associated with memory impairment in aged rhesus macaques. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4626-4644. [PMID: 36169578 PMCID: PMC10110451 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss and altered plasticity are significant contributors to memory loss in aged individuals. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, play critical roles in maintaining synapse function, including through a recently identified role in regulating the brain extracellular matrix. This study sought to determine the relationship between age, microglia, and extracellular matrix structure densities in the macaque retrosplenial cortex. Twenty-nine macaques ranging in age from young adult to aged were behaviorally characterized on 3 distinct memory tasks. Microglia, parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons and extracellular matrix structures, known as perineuronal nets (PNNs), were immuno- and histochemically labeled. Our results indicate that microglia densities increase in the retrosplenial cortex of aged monkeys, while the proportion of PV neurons surrounded by PNNs decreases. Aged monkeys with more microglia had fewer PNN-associated PV neurons and displayed slower learning and poorer performance on an object recognition task. Stepwise regression models using age and the total density of aggrecan, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of PNNs, better predicted memory performance than did age alone. Together, these findings indicate that elevated microglial activity in aged brains negatively impacts cognition in part through mechanisms that alter PNN assembly in memory-associated brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Gray
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Salma Khattab
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Jeri Meltzer
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Kelsey McDermott
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Rachel Schwyhart
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Irina Sinakevitch
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Wolfgang Härtig
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Carol A Barnes
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
- Departments of Psychology, Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
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14
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Yang F, Zhao J, Chen G, Han H, Hu S, Wang N, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Dai B, Hou Y, Liu Y. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of hydrazones as dual inhibitors of ryanodine receptors and acetylcholinesterases for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106432. [PMID: 36841050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) implicates neuronal loss, plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation, and disturbed neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis, which leads to severe dementia, memory loss, as well as thinking and behavioral perturbations that could ultimately lead to death. Calcium dysregulation and low acetylcholine levels are two main mechanisms implicated in Alzheimer's disease progression. Simultaneous inhibition of calcium oscillations (store overload-induced Ca2+ release [SOICR]) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by a single molecule may bring a new breath of hope for AD treatment. Here, we described some dantrolene derivatives as dual inhibitors of the ryanodine receptor and AChE. Two series of acylhydrazone/sulfonylhydrazone derivatives with aromaticgroup were designed and synthesized. In this study, the target compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit SOICR and AChE in vitro, using dantrolene and donepezil as positive controls. Compound 22a exhibited excellent and balanced inhibitory potency against SOICR (inhibition (%) = 90.1, IC50 = 0.162 μM) and AChE (inhibition (%) = 93.5, IC50 = 0.372 μM). Docking simulations showed that several preferred compounds could bind to the active sites of both the proteins, further validating the rationality of the design strategy. Potential therapeutic effects in AD were evaluated using the Barnes maze and Morris water maze tests, which demonstrated that compound 22a significantly improved memory and cognitive behavior in AD model mice. Moreover, it was also found that compound 22a could enhance synaptic strength by measuring hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in brain slices. These results suggested that the introduction of a sulfonyl-hydrazone scaffold and aromatic substitution to dantrolene derivatives provided a useful template for the development of potential chemical entities against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jiangang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Han
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Shuang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Ningwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Junqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yuzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Baozhu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Yajing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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15
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Moore SJ, Cazares VA, Temme SJ, Murphy GG. Age-related deficits in neuronal physiology and cognitive function are recapitulated in young mice overexpressing the L-type calcium channel, Ca V 1.3. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13781. [PMID: 36703244 PMCID: PMC10014069 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium dysregulation hypothesis of brain aging posits that an age-related increase in neuronal calcium concentration is responsible for alterations in a variety of cellular processes that ultimately result in learning and memory deficits in aged individuals. We previously generated a novel transgenic mouse line, in which expression of the L-type voltage-gated calcium, CaV 1.3, is increased by ~50% over wild-type littermates. Here, we show that, in young mice, this increase is sufficient to drive changes in neuronal physiology and cognitive function similar to those observed in aged animals. Specifically, there is an increase in the magnitude of the postburst afterhyperpolarization, a deficit in spatial learning and memory (assessed by the Morris water maze), a deficit in recognition memory (assessed in novel object recognition), and an overgeneralization of fear to novel contexts (assessed by contextual fear conditioning). While overexpression of CaV 1.3 recapitulated these key aspects of brain aging, it did not produce alterations in action potential firing rates, basal synaptic communication, or spine number/density. Taken together, these results suggest that increased expression of CaV 1.3 in the aged brain is a crucial factor that acts in concert with age-related changes in other processes to produce the full complement of structural, functional, and behavioral outcomes that are characteristic of aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon J. Moore
- Michigan Neuroscience InstituteAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Victor A. Cazares
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of PsychologyWilliams CollegeWilliamstownMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Geoffrey G. Murphy
- Michigan Neuroscience InstituteAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Molecular & Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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16
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Takla M, Saadeh K, Tse G, Huang CLH, Jeevaratnam K. Ageing and the Autonomic Nervous System. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:201-252. [PMID: 37120470 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate nervous system is divided into central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) components. In turn, the PNS is divided into the autonomic (ANS) and enteric (ENS) nervous systems. Ageing implicates time-related changes to anatomy and physiology in reducing organismal fitness. In the case of the CNS, there exists substantial experimental evidence of the effects of age on individual neuronal and glial function. Although many such changes have yet to be experimentally observed in the PNS, there is considerable evidence of the role of ageing in the decline of ANS function over time. As such, this chapter will argue that the ANS constitutes a paradigm for the physiological consequences of ageing, as well as for their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary Tse
- Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury, UK
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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17
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Yang D, Xiao F, Li J, Wang S, Fan X, Ni Q, Li Y, Zhang M, Yan T, Yang M, He Z. Age-related ceRNA networks in adult Drosophila ageing. Front Genet 2023; 14:1096902. [PMID: 36926584 PMCID: PMC10012872 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1096902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As Drosophila is an extensively used genetic model system, understanding of its regulatory networks has great significance in revealing the genetic mechanisms of ageing and human diseases. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)-mediated regulation is an important mechanism by which circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate ageing and age-related diseases. However, extensive analyses of the multiomics (circRNA/miRNA/mRNA and lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA) characteristics of adult Drosophila during ageing have not been reported. Here, differentially expressed circRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) between 7 and 42-day-old flies were screened and identified. Then, the differentially expressed mRNAs, circRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs between the 7- and 42-day old flies were analysed to identify age-related circRNA/miRNA/mRNA and lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA networks in ageing Drosophila. Several key ceRNA networks were identified, such as the dme_circ_0009500/dme_miR-289-5p/CG31064, dme_circ_0009500/dme_miR-289-5p/frizzled, dme_circ_0009500/dme_miR-985-3p/Abl, and XLOC_027736/dme_miR-985-3p/Abl XLOC_189909/dme_miR-985-3p/Abl networks. Furthermore, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to verify the expression level of those genes. Those results suggest that the discovery of these ceRNA networks in ageing adult Drosophila provide new information for research on human ageing and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingyong Ni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Li M, An H, Wang W, Wei D. Biomolecular Markers of Brain Aging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1419:111-126. [PMID: 37418210 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1627-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by the gradual loss of physiological integrity, impaired function, and increased susceptibility to death, aging is considered the primary risk factor for major human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. The time-dependent accumulation of cellular damage is widely considered the general cause of aging. While the mechanism of normal aging is still unresolved, researchers have identified different markers of aging, including genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Theories of aging can be divided into two categories: (1) aging is a genetically programmed process, and (2) aging is a random process caused by gradual damage to the organism over time as a result of its vital activities. Aging affects the entire human body, and aging of the brain is undoubtedly different from all other organs, as neurons are highly differentiated postmitotic cells, and the lifespan of most neurons in the postnatal period is equal to the lifespan of the brain. In this chapter, we discuss the conserved mechanisms of aging that may underlie the changes observed in the aging brain, with a focus on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, autophagy and protein turnover, insulin/IGF signaling, target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling, and sirtuin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiting An
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiao Wang
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfeng Wei
- Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Modulation of L-type calcium channels in Alzheimer's disease: A potential therapeutic target. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:11-20. [PMID: 36514335 PMCID: PMC9719069 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium plays a fundamental role in various signaling pathways and cellular processes in the human organism. In the nervous system, voltage-gated calcium channels such as L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) are critical elements in mediating neurotransmitter release, synaptic integration and plasticity. Dysfunction of LTCCs has been implicated in both aging and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), constituting a key component of calcium hypothesis of AD. As such, LTCCs are a promising drug target in AD. However, due to their structural and functional complexity, the mechanisms by which LTCCs contribute to AD are still unclear. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure, function, and modulation of LTCCs that are the backbone for understanding pathological processes involving LTCCs. We suggest targeting molecular pathways up-regulating LTCCs in AD may be a more promising approach, given the diverse physiological functions of LTCCs and the ineffectiveness of LTCC blockers in clinical studies.
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Key Words
- AC, adenylyl cyclase
- AD, Alzheimer’s Disease
- AHP, afterhyperpolarization
- AR, adrenoceptor
- Aging
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Aβ, β-amyloid
- BIN1, bridging integrator 1
- BTZs, benzothiazepines
- CDF, calcium-dependent facilitation
- CDI, calcium-dependent inactivation
- CaMKII, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
- DHP, dihydropyridine
- L-type calcium channel
- LTCC, L-type calcium channels
- LTD, long-term depression
- LTP, long-term potentiation
- NFT, neurofibrillary tangles
- NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
- PAA, phenylalkylamines
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PKG, protein kinase G
- SFK, Src family kinase
- Tau
- VSD, voltage sensing domain
- β-Amyloid
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20
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Lee GY, Kim OH, Kim ER, Lee HJ. Biomechanical forces in the aged brain: Relationship to AD. Life Sci 2022; 312:121237. [PMID: 36436618 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, has been studied with a focus on biochemical mechanisms, such as the amyloid-β plaque deposition and removal. Recently, the importance of brain microenvironmental cues, which comprise the sophisticated cellular and fluid system, has been emphasized in the aged brain or in pathological conditions. Especially, substrate rigidity and biomechanical forces of the brain microenvironment determine the function of glial cells and neurons; furthermore, these microenvironmental cues change with age. However, our understanding of role of the biomechanical cues on glial cells and neurons is relatively poor. In this review, we briefly introduce an overview of biomechanical forces that present in the aged brain and its sensations, and then examine the brain in Alzheimer's disease, which constitutes a representative neurodegenerative disorder, with regard to changes in the biomechanical forces associated with disease and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Yun Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ran Kim
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Zou C, Huang X, Zhang Y, Pan M, Xie J, Chen L, Meng Y, Zou D, Luo J. Potential biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral small vessel disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:996107. [PMID: 36299860 PMCID: PMC9588985 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.996107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Effective treatments to alleviate AD are still not currently available. Hence, we explored markers and underlying molecular mechanisms associated with AD by utilizing gene expression profiles of AD and CSVD patients from public databases, providing more options for early diagnosis and its treatment. Methods Gene expression profiles were collected from GSE63060 (for AD) and GSE162790 (for CSVD). Differential analysis was performed between AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or CSVD progression and CSVD no-progression. In both datasets, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with the same expression direction were identified as common DEGs. Then protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for common DEGs. Differential immune cells and checkpoints were calculated between AD and MCI. Results A total of 146 common DEGs were identified. Common DEGs were mainly enriched in endocytosis and oxytocin signaling pathways. Interestingly, endocytosis and metabolic pathways were shown both from MCI to AD and from CSVD no-progression to CSVD progression. Moreover, SIRT1 was identified as a key gene by ranking degree of connectivity in the PPI network. SIRT1 was associated with obesity-related genes and metabolic disorders. Additionally, SIRT1 showed correlations with CD8 T cells, NK CD56 bright cells, and checkpoints in AD. Conclusion The study revealed that the progression of AD is associated with abnormalities in gene expression and metabolism and that the SIRT1 gene may serve as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China
| | - Yilong Zhang
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mika Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jieqiong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liechun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Youshi Meng
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Donghua Zou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Donghua Zou,
| | - Jiefeng Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Jiefeng Luo,
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22
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Hawkinson TR, Clarke HA, Young LEA, Conroy LR, Markussen KH, Kerch KM, Johnson LA, Nelson PT, Wang C, Allison DB, Gentry MS, Sun RC. In situ spatial glycomic imaging of mouse and human Alzheimer's disease brains. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:1721-1735. [PMID: 34908231 PMCID: PMC9198106 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
N-linked protein glycosylation in the brain is an understudied facet of glucose utilization that impacts a myriad of cellular processes including resting membrane potential, axon firing, and synaptic vesicle trafficking. Currently, a spatial map of N-linked glycans within the normal and Alzheimer's disease (AD) human brain does not exist. A comprehensive analysis of the spatial N-linked glycome would improve our understanding of brain energy metabolism, linking metabolism to signaling events perturbed during AD progression, and could illuminate new therapeutic strategies. Herein we report an optimized in situ workflow for enzyme-assisted, matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of brain N-linked glycans. Using this workflow, we spatially interrogated N-linked glycan heterogeneity in both mouse and human AD brains and their respective age-matched controls. We identified robust regional-specific N-linked glycan changes associated with AD in mice and humans. These data suggest that N-linked glycan dysregulation could be an underpinning of AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara R. Hawkinson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Harrison A. Clarke
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lyndsay E. A. Young
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lindsey R. Conroy
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kia H. Markussen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kayla M. Kerch
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lance A. Johnson
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Peter T. Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Derek B. Allison
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Matthew S. Gentry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ramon C. Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Tea Polyphenols as Prospective Natural Attenuators of Brain Aging. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153012. [PMID: 35893865 PMCID: PMC9332553 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
No organism can avoid the process of aging, which is often accompanied by chronic disease. The process of biological aging is driven by a series of interrelated mechanisms through different signal pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammatory states, autophagy and others. In addition, the intestinal microbiota play a key role in regulating oxidative stress of microglia, maintaining homeostasis of microglia and alleviating age-related diseases. Tea polyphenols can effectively regulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota. In recent years, the potential anti-aging benefits of tea polyphenols have attracted increasing attention because they can inhibit neuroinflammation and prevent degenerative effects in the brain. The interaction between human neurological function and the gut microbiota suggests that intervention with tea polyphenols is a possible way to alleviate brain-aging. Studies have been undertaken into the possible mechanisms underpinning the preventative effect of tea polyphenols on brain-aging mediated by the intestinal microbiota. Tea polyphenols may be regarded as potential neuroprotective substances which can act with high efficiency and low toxicity.
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24
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Budgett RF, Bakker G, Sergeev E, Bennett KA, Bradley SJ. Targeting the Type 5 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893422. [PMID: 35645791 PMCID: PMC9130574 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor, mGlu5, has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of several neurodegenerative diseases. In preclinical neurodegenerative disease models, novel allosteric modulators have been shown to improve cognitive performance and reduce disease-related pathology. A common pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases is a chronic neuroinflammatory response, involving glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia. Since mGlu5 is expressed in astrocytes, targeting this receptor could provide a potential mechanism by which neuroinflammatory processes in neurodegenerative disease may be modulated. This review will discuss current evidence that highlights the potential of mGlu5 allosteric modulators to treat neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Furthermore, this review will explore the role of mGlu5 in neuroinflammatory responses, and the potential for this G protein-coupled receptor to modulate neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Budgett
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Sophie J Bradley
- The Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Sosei Heptares, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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25
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Rajani V, Yuan Q. Noradrenergic Modulation of the Piriform Cortex: A Possible Avenue for Understanding Pre-Clinical Alzheimer’s Disease Pathogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:908758. [PMID: 35722616 PMCID: PMC9204642 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.908758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction is one of the biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis and progression. Deficits with odor identification and discrimination are common symptoms of pre-clinical AD, preceding severe memory disorder observed in advanced stages. As a result, understanding mechanisms of olfactory impairment is a major focus in both human studies and animal models of AD. Pretangle tau, a precursor to tau tangles, is first observed in the locus coeruleus (LC). In a recent animal model, LC pretangle tau leads to LC fiber degeneration in the piriform cortex (PC), a cortical area associated with olfactory dysfunction in both human AD and rodent models. Here, we review the role of LC-sourced NE in modulation of PC activity and suggest mechanisms by which pretangle tau-mediated LC dysfunction may impact olfactory processing in preclinical stage of AD. Understanding mechanisms of early olfactory impairment in AD may provide a critical window for detection and intervention of disease progression.
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26
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Sugiura A, Kitamura M, Hasegawa Y. Calcium carbonate supplementation causes motor dysfunction. Exp Anim 2022; 71:399-410. [PMID: 35584940 PMCID: PMC9388334 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that a diet containing calcium carbonate causes impairments in spatial and recognition memory in mice. In this study, we investigated the effects of calcium carbonate
supplementation on motor function. Motor function was determined using different tests that have been used to analyze different aspects of Parkinsonism. A catalepsy test for akinesia; a
muscular strength assessment, pole test, beam-walking test, and gait analysis for motor coordination and balance assessment; and an open-field test for locomotor activity assessment were
performed. The mice were fed diets containing 0.6% or 1.0% calcium carbonate for eight weeks, after which they were evaluated for motor functions. The diets containing calcium carbonate
caused significant motor dysfunction, as revealed by the different tests, although the spontaneous locomotor activity did not change. Calcium carbonate supplementation decreased the dopamine
content in the basal ganglia, including the striatum and substantia nigra, and the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra. In addition, administration of
L-dopa led to at least a partial recovery of motor dysfunction, suggesting that calcium carbonate supplementation causes motor dysfunction by decreasing the dopamine content in the basal
ganglia. These results suggest that mice with calcium carbonate-induced motor dysfunction may be useful as a new animal model for Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Sugiura
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology
| | - Misa Kitamura
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology
| | - Yasushi Hasegawa
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology
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27
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Martinez-Banaclocha M. N-Acetyl-Cysteine: Modulating the Cysteine Redox Proteome in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020416. [PMID: 35204298 PMCID: PMC8869501 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last twenty years, significant progress in understanding the pathophysiology of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases has been made. However, the prevention and treatment of these diseases remain without clinically significant therapeutic advancement. While we still hope for some potential genetic therapeutic approaches, the current reality is far from substantial progress. With this state of the issue, emphasis should be placed on early diagnosis and prompt intervention in patients with increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases to slow down their progression, poor prognosis, and decreasing quality of life. Accordingly, it is urgent to implement interventions addressing the psychosocial and biochemical disturbances we know are central in managing the evolution of these disorders. Genomic and proteomic studies have shown the high molecular intricacy in neurodegenerative diseases, involving a broad spectrum of cellular pathways underlying disease progression. Recent investigations indicate that the dysregulation of the sensitive-cysteine proteome may be a concurrent pathogenic mechanism contributing to the pathophysiology of major neurodegenerative diseases, opening new therapeutic opportunities. Considering the incidence and prevalence of these disorders and their already significant burden in Western societies, they will become a real pandemic in the following decades. Therefore, we propose large-scale investigations, in selected groups of people over 40 years of age with decreased blood glutathione levels, comorbidities, and/or mild cognitive impairment, to evaluate supplementation of the diet with low doses of N-acetyl-cysteine, a promising and well-tolerated therapeutic agent suitable for long-term use.
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28
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L Pall M. Low Intensity Electromagnetic Fields Act via Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) Activation to Cause Very Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease: 18 Distinct Types of Evidence. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:119-132. [PMID: 35114921 PMCID: PMC9189734 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220202114510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electronically generated electromagnetic fields (EMFs) including those used in wireless communication such as cell phones, Wi-Fi and smart meters, are coherent, producing very high electric and magnetic forces which act on the voltage sensor of voltage-gated calcium channels to produce increases in intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i. The calcium hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has shown that each of the important AD-specific and nonspecific causal elements are produced by excessive [Ca2+]i. [Ca2+]i acts in AD via excessive calcium signaling and the peroxynitrite/oxidative stress/inflammation pathway which are each elevated by EMFs. An apparent vicious cycle in AD involves amyloid-beta protein (A) and [Ca2+]i. Three types of epidemiology each suggest EMF causation of AD including early onset AD. Extensive animal model studies show that low intensity EMFs cause neurodegeneration including AD, with AD animals having elevated levels of A, amyloid precursor protein and BACE1. Rats exposed to pulsed EMFs every day are reported to develop universal or near universal very very very early onset neurodegeneration including AD; these findings are superficially similar to humans with digital dementia. EMFs producing modest increases in [Ca2+]i can also produce protective, therapeutic effects. The therapeutic pathway and peroxynitrite pathway inhibit each other. A summary of 18 different findings is provided, which collectively provide powerful evidence for EMF causation of AD. The author is concerned that smarter, more highly pulsed "smart" wireless communication may cause widespread very, very early onset AD in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Pall
- Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry & Basic Medical Sciences Washington State University Mailing Address: 638 NE 41stst Ave., Portland OR 97232, USA
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29
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Sahu G, Turner RW. The Molecular Basis for the Calcium-Dependent Slow Afterhyperpolarization in CA1 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons. Front Physiol 2022; 12:759707. [PMID: 35002757 PMCID: PMC8730529 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.759707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal signal transmission depends on the frequency, pattern, and timing of spike output, each of which are shaped by spike afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs). There are classically three post-spike AHPs of increasing duration categorized as fast, medium and slow AHPs that hyperpolarize a cell over a range of 10 ms to 30 s. Intensive early work on CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells revealed that all three AHPs incorporate activation of calcium-gated potassium channels. The ionic basis for a fAHP was rapidly attributed to the actions of big conductance (BK) and the mAHP to small conductance (SK) or Kv7 potassium channels. In stark contrast, the ionic basis for a prominent slow AHP of up to 30 s duration remained an enigma for over 30 years. Recent advances in pharmacological, molecular, and imaging tools have uncovered the expression of a calcium-gated intermediate conductance potassium channel (IK, KCa3.1) in central neurons that proves to contribute to the slow AHP in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells. Together the data show that the sAHP arises in part from a core tripartite complex between Cav1.3 (L-type) calcium channels, ryanodine receptors, and IK channels at endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions. Work on the sAHP in CA1 pyramidal neurons has again quickened pace, with identified contributions by both IK channels and the Na-K pump providing answers to several mysteries in the pharmacological properties of the sAHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giriraj Sahu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ray W Turner
- Department Cell Biology & Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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30
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Lu H, Liu L, Han S, Wang B, Qin J, Bu K, Zhang Y, Li Z, Ma L, Tian J, Zhang K, Li T, Cui H, Liu X. Expression of tiRNA and tRF in APP/PS1 transgenic mice and the change of related proteins expression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1457. [PMID: 34734009 PMCID: PMC8506760 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Transcriptomics, such as that of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which include microRNA (miRNA), circular RNA, and the transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived fragments (tiRNA and tRF) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have attracted much attention recently. The tiRNA and tRFs are produced when the tRNA splits at specific sites. The expression change and related function of tiRNA and tRFs in AD has not been fully investigated. Methods In our study, APP/PS1 transgenic mice (AD mice model) and healthy control mice were used to discover the differentially expressed tiRNA and tRFs with high-throughput sequencing. Among the differentially expressed tiRNA and tRFs, we chose two tRFs (tRF-Thr-CGT-003 and tRF-Leu-CAA-004) and predicted the target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) with miRanda and Target Scan. The target mRNAs of tRF-related function and pathways were analyzed, then we performed quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot to validate the related target mRNAs and pathways. Results A total of 27 significantly different tiRNA and tRFs were detected between wild type (WT) and APP/PS1 groups, including 14 up-regulated and 13 down-regulated. Through analyzing the target mRNAs of all differentially expressed tiRNA and tRFs with GO enrichment, we found the target mRNAs could take part in the learning and memory biological process, synapse organization, cognition biological process, synaptic transmission, amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolic process, and so on. We then chose three differentially expressed tRFs for further qPCR validation and passed two tRFs: tRF-Thr-CGT-003 and tRF-Leu-CAA-004, that were found to regulate the calcium regulation-related proteins (the voltage-gated calcium channel γ2 subunit and the RYR1 endoplasmic reticulum calcium released protein) and the retinol metabolism-related proteins (retinoic acid metabolic enzymes CYP2S1, CYP2C68, CYP2S1). Conclusions The APP expression and presenilin mutation in APP/PS1 mice could cause tiRNA and tRFs expression change. Among the differentially expressed tiRNA and tRFs, we found some tRFs took part in the voltage-gated calcium channel γ2 subunit expression and regulation, influencing the neuron calcium homeostasis. Moreover, we also found the tRFs may participate in the regulation of retinol metabolism. Our findings suggest that the dysregulated tiRNA and tRFs may be beneficially exploited as potential diagnostic biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shu Han
- Department of Electrocardiogram, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin Qin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kailin Bu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingzhen Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhongzhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huixian Cui
- Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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31
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Zhang ZH, Chen C, Jia SZ, Cao XC, Liu M, Tian J, Hoffmann PR, Xu HX, Ni JZ, Song GL. Selenium Restores Synaptic Deficits by Modulating NMDA Receptors and Selenoprotein K in an Alzheimer's Disease Model. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:863-884. [PMID: 32475153 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Strong evidence has implicated synaptic failure as a direct contributor to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and selenium (Se) supplementation has demonstrated potential for AD treatment. However, the exact roles of Se and related selenoproteins in mitigating synaptic deficits remain unclear. Results: Our data show that selenomethionine (Se-Met), as the major organic form of Se in vivo, structurally restored synapses, dendrites, and spines, leading to improved synaptic plasticity and cognitive function in triple transgenic AD (3 × Tg-AD) mice. Furthermore, we found that Se-Met ameliorated synaptic deficits by inhibiting extrasynaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate acid receptors (NMDARs) and stimulating synaptic NMDARs, thereby modulating calcium ion (Ca2+) influx. We observed that a decrease in selenoprotein K (SELENOK) levels was closely related to AD, and a similar disequilibrium was found between synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs in SELENOK knockout mice and AD mice. Se-Met treatment upregulated SELENOK levels and restored the balance between synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDAR expression in AD mice. Innovation: These findings establish a key signaling pathway linking SELENOK and NMDARs with synaptic plasticity regulated by Se-Met, and thereby provide insight into mechanisms by which Se compounds mediate synaptic deficits in AD. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that Se-Met restores synaptic deficits through modulating Ca2+ influx mediated by synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs in 3 × Tg-AD mice, and suggests a potentially functional interaction between SELENOK and NMDARs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 863-884.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hao Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.,Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shi-Zheng Jia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian-Chun Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Hua-Xi Xu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jia-Zuan Ni
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Li Song
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
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32
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Little HJ. L-Type Calcium Channel Blockers: A Potential Novel Therapeutic Approach to Drug Dependence. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:127-154. [PMID: 34663686 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes interactions between compounds, primarily dihydropyridines, that block L-type calcium channels and drugs that cause dependence, and the potential importance of these interactions. The main dependence-inducing drugs covered are alcohol, psychostimulants, opioids, and nicotine. In preclinical studies, L-type calcium channel blockers prevent or reduce important components of dependence on these drugs, particularly their reinforcing actions and the withdrawal syndromes. The channel blockers also reduce the development of tolerance and/or sensitization, and they have no intrinsic dependence liability. In some instances, their effects include reversal of brain changes established during drug dependence. Prolonged treatment with alcohol, opioids, psychostimulant drugs, or nicotine causes upregulation of dihydropyridine binding sites. Few clinical studies have been carried out so far, and reports are conflicting, although there is some evidence of effectiveness of L-channel blockers in opioid withdrawal. However, the doses of L-type channel blockers used clinically so far have necessarily been limited by potential cardiovascular problems and may not have provided sufficient central levels of the drugs to affect neuronal dihydropyridine binding sites. New L-type calcium channel blocking compounds are being developed with more selective actions on subtypes of L-channel. The preclinical evidence suggests that L-type calcium channels may play a crucial role in the development of dependence to different types of drugs. Mechanisms for this are proposed, including changes in the activity of mesolimbic dopamine neurons, genomic effects, and alterations in synaptic plasticity. Newly developed, more selective L-type calcium channel blockers could be of considerable value in the treatment of drug dependence. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Dependence on drugs is a very serious health problem with little effective treatment. Preclinical evidence shows drugs that block particular calcium channels, the L-type, reduce dependence-related effects of alcohol, opioids, psychostimulants, and nicotine. Clinical studies have been restricted by potential cardiovascular side effects, but new, more selective L-channel blockers are becoming available. L-channel blockers have no intrinsic dependence liability, and laboratory evidence suggests they reverse previously developed effects of dependence-inducing drugs. They could provide a novel approach to addiction treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary J Little
- Section of Alcohol Research, National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, United Kingdom
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Saunders AM, Burns DK, Gottschalk WK. Reassessment of Pioglitazone for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:666958. [PMID: 34220427 PMCID: PMC8243371 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.666958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a quintessential 'unmet medical need', accounting for ∼65% of progressive cognitive impairment among the elderly, and 700,000 deaths in the United States in 2020. In 2019, the cost of caring for Alzheimer's sufferers was $244B, not including the emotional and physical toll on caregivers. In spite of this dismal reality, no treatments are available that reduce the risk of developing AD or that offer prolonged mitiagation of its most devestating symptoms. This review summarizes key aspects of the biology and genetics of Alzheimer's disease, and we describe how pioglitazone improves many of the patholophysiological determinants of AD. We also summarize the results of pre-clinical experiments, longitudinal observational studies, and clinical trials. The results of animal testing suggest that pioglitazone can be corrective as well as protective, and that its efficacy is enhanced in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but the dose-effect relations are not monotonic or sigmoid. Longitudinal cohort studies suggests that it delays the onset of dementia in individuals with pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus, which small scale, unblinded pilot studies seem to confirm. However, the results of placebo-controlled, blinded clinical trials have not borne this out, and we discuss possible explanations for these discrepancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Saunders
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Daniel K. Burns
- Zinfandel Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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McDaid J, Briggs CA, Barrington NM, Peterson DA, Kozlowski DA, Stutzmann GE. Sustained Hippocampal Synaptic Pathophysiology Following Single and Repeated Closed-Head Concussive Impacts. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:652721. [PMID: 33867941 PMCID: PMC8044326 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.652721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), and related diseases such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and Alzheimer’s (AD), are of increasing concern in part due to enhanced awareness of their long-term neurological effects on memory and behavior. Repeated concussions, vs. single concussions, have been shown to result in worsened and sustained symptoms including impaired cognition and histopathology. To assess and compare the persistent effects of single or repeated concussive impacts on mediators of memory encoding such as synaptic transmission, plasticity, and cellular Ca2+ signaling, a closed-head controlled cortical impact (CCI) approach was used which closely replicates the mode of injury in clinical cases. Adult male rats received a sham procedure, a single impact, or three successive impacts at 48-hour intervals. After 30 days, hippocampal slices were prepared for electrophysiological recordings and 2-photon Ca2+ imaging, or fixed and immunostained for pathogenic phospho-tau species. In both concussion groups, hippocampal circuits showed hyper-excitable synaptic responsivity upon Schaffer collateral stimulation compared to sham animals, indicating sustained defects in hippocampal circuitry. This was not accompanied by sustained LTP deficits, but resting Ca2+ levels and voltage-gated Ca2+ signals were elevated in both concussion groups, while ryanodine receptor-evoked Ca2+ responses decreased with repeat concussions. Furthermore, pathogenic phospho-tau staining was progressively elevated in both concussion groups, with spreading beyond the hemisphere of injury, consistent with CTE. Thus, single and repeated concussions lead to a persistent upregulation of excitatory hippocampal synapses, possibly through changes in postsynaptic Ca2+ signaling/regulation, which may contribute to histopathology and detrimental long-term cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McDaid
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Clark A Briggs
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nikki M Barrington
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States.,Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniel A Peterson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States.,Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dorothy A Kozlowski
- Department of Biological Sciences and Neuroscience Program, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States.,Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States.,Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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Khoshbakht Y, Moghtaderi F, Bidaki R, Hosseinzadeh M, Salehi-Abargouei A. The effect of dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3647-3658. [PMID: 33715085 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet have several components like high amounts of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, and vitamin C and low amounts of simple sugars that might improve attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. We aimed to investigate the effect of a DASH diet on children (aged 6-12 years) with ADHD, for the first time. METHODS Participants were randomized to receive a DASH or a control diet for 12 weeks. The severity of ADHD symptoms [determined by abbreviated 10-item Conner's scale (ACS), 18-item Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAP-IV) scale and strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ)] were assessed every four weeks. RESULTS Eighty children completed the study. After adjustment for confounders, parent (- 4.71 for the DASH group vs. - 3 for the control group) and teacher-reported (- 5.35 vs. - 1.87) ACS scores, parent-, teacher-, child-reported hyperactivity (- 1.40 vs. - 0.66, - 1.95 vs. -0.63, - 1.60 vs. - 0.43, respectively), emotional symptoms (- 1.50 vs. - 0.45, - 1.42 vs. - 0.63, and - 1.09 vs. - 0.61, respectively), and total SDQ scores (- 3.81 vs. - 1.65, - 4.11 vs. - 1.23, - 4.44 vs. - 1.26, respectively), teacher-reported of conduct problems (- 1.42 vs. - 0.63), peer relationship problems (- 0.87 vs. - 0.07), and prosocial behaviors (1.36 vs. 0.08) assessed by the SDQ were significantly improved in the DASH group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Adherence to a DASH-style diet might improve ADHD symptoms. Further RCTs which include participants from both sexes and with longer follow-up periods are needed to warrant current findings (The trial registration code: IRCT20130223012571N6; http://irct.ir/trial/12623 ). Trial registration Trial registration number: The trial was registered in the Iranian registry of clinical trials (registration code: IRCT20130223012571N6), URL: http://irct.ir/trial/12623 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Khoshbakht
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 8915173160, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moghtaderi
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 8915173160, Yazd, Iran
| | - Reza Bidaki
- Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 8915173160, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, 8915173160, Yazd, Iran.
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36
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Koch SC, Nelson A, Hartenstein V. Structural aspects of the aging invertebrate brain. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 383:931-947. [PMID: 33409654 PMCID: PMC7965346 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a decline in neuronal function in all animal species investigated so far. Functional changes are accompanied by and may be in part caused by, structurally visible degenerative changes in neurons. In the mammalian brain, normal aging shows abnormalities in dendrites and axons, as well as ultrastructural changes in synapses, rather than global neuron loss. The analysis of the structural features of aging neurons, as well as their causal link to molecular mechanisms on the one hand, and the functional decline on the other hand is crucial in order to understand the aging process in the brain. Invertebrate model organisms like Drosophila and C. elegans offer the opportunity to apply a forward genetic approach to the analysis of aging. In the present review, we aim to summarize findings concerning abnormalities in morphology and ultrastructure in invertebrate brains during normal aging and compare them to what is known for the mammalian brain. It becomes clear that despite of their considerably shorter life span, invertebrates display several age-related changes very similar to the mammalian condition, including the retraction of dendritic and axonal branches at specific locations, changes in synaptic density and increased accumulation of presynaptic protein complexes. We anticipate that continued research efforts in invertebrate systems will significantly contribute to reveal (and possibly manipulate) the molecular/cellular pathways leading to neuronal aging in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Koch
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Annie Nelson
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Volker Hartenstein
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Buss EW, Corbett NJ, Roberts JG, Ybarra N, Musial TF, Simkin D, Molina-Campos E, Oh KJ, Nielsen LL, Ayala GD, Mullen SA, Farooqi AK, D'Souza GX, Hill CL, Bean LA, Rogalsky AE, Russo ML, Curlik DM, Antion MD, Weiss C, Chetkovich DM, Oh MM, Disterhoft JF, Nicholson DA. Cognitive aging is associated with redistribution of synaptic weights in the hippocampus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e1921481118. [PMID: 33593893 PMCID: PMC7923642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921481118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Behaviors that rely on the hippocampus are particularly susceptible to chronological aging, with many aged animals (including humans) maintaining cognition at a young adult-like level, but many others the same age showing marked impairments. It is unclear whether the ability to maintain cognition over time is attributable to brain maintenance, sufficient cognitive reserve, compensatory changes in network function, or some combination thereof. While network dysfunction within the hippocampal circuit of aged, learning-impaired animals is well-documented, its neurobiological substrates remain elusive. Here we show that the synaptic architecture of hippocampal regions CA1 and CA3 is maintained in a young adult-like state in aged rats that performed comparably to their young adult counterparts in both trace eyeblink conditioning and Morris water maze learning. In contrast, among learning-impaired, but equally aged rats, we found that a redistribution of synaptic weights amplifies the influence of autoassociational connections among CA3 pyramidal neurons, yet reduces the synaptic input onto these same neurons from the dentate gyrus. Notably, synapses within hippocampal region CA1 showed no group differences regardless of cognitive ability. Taking the data together, we find the imbalanced synaptic weights within hippocampal CA3 provide a substrate that can explain the abnormal firing characteristics of both CA3 and CA1 pyramidal neurons in aged, learning-impaired rats. Furthermore, our work provides some clarity with regard to how some animals cognitively age successfully, while others' lifespans outlast their "mindspans."
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Buss
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Nicola J Corbett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Joshua G Roberts
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Natividad Ybarra
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Timothy F Musial
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Dina Simkin
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | | | - Kwang-Jin Oh
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Lauren L Nielsen
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Gelique D Ayala
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Sheila A Mullen
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Anise K Farooqi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Gary X D'Souza
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Corinne L Hill
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Linda A Bean
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Annalise E Rogalsky
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Matthew L Russo
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Dani M Curlik
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Marci D Antion
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Craig Weiss
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Dane M Chetkovich
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - M Matthew Oh
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - John F Disterhoft
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611;
| | - Daniel A Nicholson
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612;
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Quantifying the dose-dependent impact of intracellular amyloid beta in a mathematical model of calcium regulation in xenopus oocyte. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246116. [PMID: 33508037 PMCID: PMC7842920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating illness affecting over 40 million people worldwide. Intraneuronal rise of amyloid beta in its oligomeric forms (iAβOs), has been linked to the pathogenesis of AD by disrupting cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis. However, the specific mechanisms of action are still under debate and intense effort is ongoing to improve our understanding of the crucial steps involved in the mechanisms of AβOs toxicity. We report the development of a mathematical model describing a proposed mechanism by which stimulation of Phospholipase C (PLC) by iAβO, triggers production of IP3 with consequent abnormal release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through activation of IP3 receptor (IP3R) Ca2+ channels. After validating the model using experimental data, we quantify the effects of intracellular rise in iAβOs on model solutions. Our model validates a dose-dependent influence of iAβOs on IP3-mediated Ca2+ signaling. We investigate Ca2+ signaling patterns for small and large iAβOs doses and study the role of various parameters on Ca2+ signals. Uncertainty quantification and partial rank correlation coefficients are used to better understand how the model behaves under various parameter regimes. Our model predicts that iAβO alter IP3R sensitivity to IP3 for large doses. Our analysis also shows that the upstream production of IP3 can influence Aβ-driven solution patterns in a dose-dependent manner. Model results illustrate and confirm the detrimental impact of iAβOs on IP3 signaling.
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39
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The aging mouse brain: cognition, connectivity and calcium. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102358. [PMID: 33517250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process that differentially impacts multiple cognitive, sensory, neuronal and molecular processes. Technological innovations now allow for parallel investigation of neuronal circuit function, structure and molecular composition in the brain of awake behaving adult mice. Thus, mice have become a critical tool to better understand how aging impacts the brain. However, a more granular systems-based approach, which considers the impact of age on key features relating to neural processing, is required. Here, we review evidence probing the impact of age on the mouse brain. We focus on a range of processes relating to neuronal function, including cognitive abilities, sensory systems, synaptic plasticity and calcium regulation. Across many systems, we find evidence for prominent age-related dysregulation even before 12 months of age, suggesting that emerging age-related alterations can manifest by late adulthood. However, we also find reports suggesting that some processes are remarkably resilient to aging. The evidence suggests that aging does not drive a parallel, linear dysregulation of all systems, but instead impacts some processes earlier, and more severely, than others. We propose that capturing the more fine-scale emerging features of age-related vulnerability and resilience may provide better opportunities for the rejuvenation of the aged brain.
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40
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Kirch C, Gollo LL. Single-neuron dynamical effects of dendritic pruning implicated in aging and neurodegeneration: towards a measure of neuronal reserve. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1309. [PMID: 33446683 PMCID: PMC7809359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a main risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. It is often accompanied by reduced cognitive functions, gray-matter volume, and dendritic integrity. Although age-related brain structural changes have been observed across multiple scales, their functional implications remain largely unknown. Here we simulate the aging effects on neuronal morphology as dendritic pruning and characterize its dynamical implications. Utilizing a detailed computational modeling approach, we simulate the dynamics of digitally reconstructed neurons obtained from Neuromorpho.org. We show that dendritic pruning affects neuronal integrity: firing rate is reduced, causing a reduction in energy consumption, energy efficiency, and dynamic range. Pruned neurons require less energy but their function is often impaired, which can explain the diminished ability to distinguish between similar experiences (pattern separation) in older people. Our measures indicate that the resilience of neuronal dynamics is neuron-specific, heterogeneous, and strongly affected by dendritic topology and the position of the soma. Based on the emergent neuronal dynamics, we propose to classify the effects of dendritic deterioration, and put forward a topological measure of “neuronal reserve” that quantifies the resilience of neuronal dynamics to dendritic pruning. Moreover, our findings suggest that increasing dendritic excitability could partially mitigate the dynamical effects of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kirch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,The Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leonardo L Gollo
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,The Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. .,The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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41
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Syeda T, Cannon JR. Environmental exposures and the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: The potential role of BACE1 as a critical neurotoxic target. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22694. [PMID: 33393683 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health crisis due to devastating cognitive symptoms, a lack of curative treatments, and increasing prevalence. Most cases are sporadic (>95% of cases) after the age of 65 years, implicating an important role of environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. Environmental neurotoxicants have been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's Disease and AD. Animal models of AD and in vitro studies have shed light on potential neuropathological mechanisms, yet the biochemical and molecular underpinnings of AD-relevant environmental neurotoxicity remain poorly understood. Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a potentially critical pathogenic target of environmentally induced neurotoxicity. BACE1 clearly has a critical role in AD pathophysiology: It is required for amyloid beta production and expression and activity of BACE1 are increased in the AD brain. Though the literature on BACE1 in response to environmental insults is limited, current studies, along with extensive AD neurobiology literature suggest that BACE1 deserves attention as an important neurotoxic target. Here, we critically review research on environmental neurotoxicants such as metals, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, polyfluoroalkyl substances, heterocyclic aromatic amines, advanced glycation end products, and acrolein that modulate BACE1 and potential mechanisms of action. Though more research is needed to clearly understand whether BACE1 is a critical mediator of AD-relevant neurotoxicity, available reports provide convincing evidence that BACE1 is altered by environmental risk factors associated with AD pathology, implying that BACE1 inhibition and its use as a biomarker should be considered in AD management and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neurosciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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42
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Li Q, Marcu DC, Palazzo O, Turner F, King D, Spires-Jones TL, Stefan MI, Busch KE. High neural activity accelerates the decline of cognitive plasticity with age in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2020; 9:59711. [PMID: 33228848 PMCID: PMC7685709 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to learn progressively declines with age. Neural hyperactivity has been implicated in impairing cognitive plasticity with age, but the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that chronic excitation of the Caenorhabditis elegans O2-sensing neurons during ageing causes a rapid decline of experience-dependent plasticity in response to environmental O2 concentration, whereas sustaining lower activity of O2-sensing neurons retains plasticity with age. We demonstrate that neural activity alters the ageing trajectory in the transcriptome of O2-sensing neurons, and our data suggest that high-activity neurons redirect resources from maintaining plasticity to sustaining continuous firing. Sustaining plasticity with age requires the K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+ (NCKX) exchanger, whereas the decline of plasticity with age in high-activity neurons acts through calmodulin and the scaffold protein Kidins220. Our findings demonstrate directly that the activity of neurons alters neuronal homeostasis to govern the age-related decline of neural plasticity and throw light on the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Li
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel-Cosmin Marcu
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ottavia Palazzo
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Turner
- Edinburgh Genomics (Genome Science), Ashworth Laboratories, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Declan King
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie I Stefan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,ZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Karl Emanuel Busch
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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43
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Potential neuroprotective biomolecules in ophthalmology. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 41:1103-1109. [PMID: 33180279 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES Retinal neurodegenerative diseases are responsible for a huge number of ocular problems worldwide. It seems that the progression of these diseases can be managed by the application of neuroprotective molecules particularly in the early stages. This article focuses on the most common neuroprotective bioagents under investigation in ophthalmology. METHODS We searched the web of science, PubMed and Scopus databases with these keywords: "glaucoma," "diabetic retinopathy," "age-related macular degeneration," "optic neuropathy and retinal degeneration" and/or "neuroprotection." RESULTS The most commonly utilized neuroprotective drugs for ophthalmology diseases were introduced in this study. It seems that these agents can be divided into three categories according to their mechanism of action: (A) neurotrophins, (B) decreasing effect on intraocular pressure and (C) inhibition of retinal neuron apoptosis. CONCLUSION A broad range of drugs has been illustrated in the literature for treatment of neuro-ophthalmic diseases. A good classification of the most applied drugs in this field can help specialists to prescribe the best matched drug considering the stage and progression of disease. However, controlled clinical trials are needed for better evaluation of the effects of these products.
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Ghoweri AO, Ouillette L, Frazier HN, Anderson KL, Lin RL, Gant JC, Parent R, Moore S, Murphy GG, Thibault O. Electrophysiological and Imaging Calcium Biomarkers of Aging in Male and Female 5×FAD Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:1419-1438. [PMID: 33164928 PMCID: PMC7836067 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In animal models and tissue preparations, calcium dyshomeostasis is a biomarker of aging and Alzheimer's disease that is associated with synaptic dysfunction, neuritic pruning, and dysregulated cellular processes. It is unclear, however, whether the onset of calcium dysregulation precedes, is concurrent with, or is the product of pathological cellular events (e.g., oxidation, amyloid-β production, and neuroinflammation). Further, neuronal calcium dysregulation is not always present in animal models of amyloidogenesis, questioning its reliability as a disease biomarker. OBJECTIVE Here, we directly tested for the presence of calcium dysregulation in dorsal hippocampal neurons in male and female 5×FAD mice on a C57BL/6 genetic background using sharp electrodes coupled with Oregon-green Bapta-1 imaging. We focused on three ages that coincide with the course of amyloid deposition: 1.5, 4, and 10 months old. METHODS Outcome variables included measures of the afterhyperpolarization, short-term synaptic plasticity, and calcium kinetics during synaptic activation. Quantitative analyses of spatial learning and memory were also conducted using the Morris water maze. Main effects of sex, age, and genotype were identified on measures of electrophysiology and calcium imaging. RESULTS Measures of resting Oregon-green Bapta-1 fluorescence showed significant reductions in the 5×FAD group compared to controls. Deficits in spatial memory, along with increases in Aβ load, were detectable at older ages, allowing us to test for temporal associations with the onset of calcium dysregulation. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that reduced, rather than elevated, neuronal calcium is identified in this 5×FAD model and suggests that this surprising result may be a novel biomarker of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam O Ghoweri
- UKMC MS313, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lara Ouillette
- 5037 BSRB, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hilaree N Frazier
- UKMC MS313, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Katie L Anderson
- UKMC MS313, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Ruei-Lung Lin
- UKMC MS313, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John C Gant
- UKMC MS313, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rachel Parent
- 5037 BSRB, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shannon Moore
- 5037 BSRB, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,5037 BSRB, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- 5037 BSRB, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,5037 BSRB, Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olivier Thibault
- UKMC MS313, Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Severin D, Gallagher M, Kirkwood A. Afterhyperpolarization amplitude in CA1 pyramidal cells of aged Long-Evans rats characterized for individual differences. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 96:43-48. [PMID: 32932137 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Altered neural excitability is considered a prominent contributing factor to cognitive decline during aging. A clear example is the excess neural activity observed in several temporal lobe structures of cognitively impaired older individuals in rodents and humans. At a cellular level, aging-related changes in mechanisms regulating intrinsic excitability have been well examined in pyramidal cells of the CA1 hippocampal subfield. Studies in the inbred Fisher 344 rat strain document an age-related increase in the slow afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that normally occurs after a burst of action potentials, and serves to reduce subsequent firing. We evaluated the status of the AHP in the outbred Long-Evans rat, a well-established model for studying individual differences in neurocognitive aging. In contrast to the findings reported in the Fisher 344 rats, in the Long-Evan rats we detected a selective reduction in AHP in cognitively impaired aged individuals. We discuss plausible scenarios to account for these differences and also discuss possible implications of these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Severin
- Department of Neurosciences, Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michela Gallagher
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- Department of Neurosciences, Mind/Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Sun L, Wei H. Ryanodine Receptors: A Potential Treatment Target in Various Neurodegenerative Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:1613-1624. [PMID: 32833122 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00936-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progressive neuronal demise is a key contributor to the key pathogenic event implicated in many different neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). There are several therapeutic strategies available; however, none of them are particularly effective. Targeted neuroprotective therapy is one such therapy, which seems a compelling option, yet remains challenging due to the internal heterogeneity of the mechanisms underlying various NDDs. An alternative method to treat NDDs is to exploit common modalities involving molecularly distinct subtypes and thus develop specialized drugs with broad-spectrum characteristics. There is mounting evidence which supports for the theory that dysfunctional ryanodine receptors (RyRs) disrupt intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, contributing to NDDs significantly. This review aims to provide direct and indirect evidence on the intersection of NDDs and RyRs malfunction, and to shed light on novel strategies to treat RyRs-mediated disease, modifying pharmacological therapies such as the potential therapeutic role of dantrolene, a RyRs antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 305 John Morgan Building, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Huafeng Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 305 John Morgan Building, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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47
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Uryash A, Flores V, Adams JA, Allen PD, Lopez JR. Memory and Learning Deficits Are Associated With Ca 2+ Dyshomeostasis in Normal Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:224. [PMID: 32765253 PMCID: PMC7378956 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis is critical to the normal physiological functions of neurons and neuronal Ca2+ dyshomeostasis has been associated with the age-related decline of cognitive functions. Accumulated evidence indicates that the underlying mechanism for this is that abnormal intracellular Ca2+ levels stimulate the dysregulation of intracellular signaling, which subsequently induces neuronal cell death. We examined intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in cortical (in vivo) and hippocampal (in vitro) neurons from young (3-months), middle-age (12-months), and aged (24-months) wild type C57BL6J mice. We found a progressive age-related elevation of intracellular resting calcium ([Ca2+]r) in cortical (in vivo) and hippocampal (in vitro) neurons associated with increased hippocampal neuronal calpain activity and reduced cell viability. In vitro, removal of extracellular Ca2+ or treatment with SAR7334 or dantrolene reduced [Ca2+]r in all age groups and dantrolene treatment lowered calpain activity and increased cell viability. In vivo, both middle-aged and aged mice showed cognitive deficits compared to young mice, which improved after dantrolene treatment. These findings support the hypothesis that intracellular Ca2+ dyshomeostasis is a major mechanism underlying the cognitive deficits seen in both normal aging and degenerative neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Valentina Flores
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jose A. Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Paul D. Allen
- Malignant Hyperthermia Investigation Unit, St James’ University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
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Popović N, Morales-Delgado N, Vidal Mena D, Alonso A, Pascual Martínez M, Caballero Bleda M, Popović M. Verapamil and Alzheimer's Disease: Past, Present, and Future. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:562. [PMID: 32431612 PMCID: PMC7214748 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Verapamil is a phenylalkylamine class calcium channel blocker that for half a century has been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Nowadays, verapamil is also considered as a drug option for the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric disorders, such as cluster headache, bipolar disorders, epilepsy, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review insights into the potential preventive and therapeutic role of verapamil on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) based on limited experimental and clinical data. Pharmacological studies have shown that verapamil has a wide therapeutic spectrum, including antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects, regulation of the blood-brain barrier function, due to its effect on P-glycoprotein, as well as adjustment of cellular calcium homeostasis, which may result in the delay of AD onset or ameliorate the symptoms of patients. However, the majority of the AD individuals are on polypharmacotherapy, and the interactions between verapamil and other drugs need to be considered. Therefore, for an appropriate and successful AD treatment, a personalized approach is more than necessary. A well-known narrow pharmacological window of verapamil efficacy may hinder this approach. It is therefore important to note that the verapamil efficacy may be conditioned by different factors. The onset, grade, and brain distribution of AD pathological hallmarks, the time-sequential appearances of AD-related cognitive and behavioral dysfunction, the chronobiologic and gender impact on calcium homeostasis and AD pathogenesis may somehow be influencing that success. In the future, such insights will be crucial for testing the validity of verapamil treatment on animal models of AD and clinical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Nicanor Morales-Delgado
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan Alacant, Spain
| | - David Vidal Mena
- Neurological Unit, University Hospital "Santa Lucia", Cartagena, Spain
| | - Antonia Alonso
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - María Caballero Bleda
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miroljub Popović
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Delrio-Lorenzo A, Rojo-Ruiz J, Alonso MT, García-Sancho J. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ decreases with age and correlates with the decline in muscle function in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs240879. [PMID: 32005702 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the loss of muscle mass and strength associated with age, has been linked to impairment of the cytosolic Ca2+ peak that triggers muscle contraction, but mechanistic details remain unknown. Here we explore the hypothesis that a reduction in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]SR) is at the origin of this loss of Ca2+ homeostasis. We engineered Drosophila melanogaster to express the Ca2+ indicator GAP3 targeted to muscle SR, and we developed a new method to calibrate the signal into [Ca2+]SRin vivo [Ca2+]SR fell with age from ∼600 µM to 50 µM in close correlation with muscle function, which declined monotonically when [Ca2+]SR was <400 µM. [Ca2+]SR results from the pump-leak steady state at the SR membrane. However, changes in expression of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump and of the ryanodine receptor leak were too modest to explain the large changes seen in [Ca2+]SR Instead, these changes are compatible with increased leakiness through the ryanodine receptor as the main determinant of the [Ca2+]SR decline in aging muscle. In contrast, there were no changes in endoplasmic reticulum [Ca2+] with age in brain neurons.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Delrio-Lorenzo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jonathan Rojo-Ruiz
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Teresa Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier García-Sancho
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), c/Sanz y Forés 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
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50
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Hotka M, Cagalinec M, Hilber K, Hool L, Boehm S, Kubista H. L-type Ca 2+ channel-mediated Ca 2+ influx adjusts neuronal mitochondrial function to physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaaw6923. [PMID: 32047116 PMCID: PMC7116774 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaw6923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) are implicated in neurodegenerative processes and cell death. Accordingly, LTCC antagonists have been proposed to be neuroprotective, although this view is disputed, because intentional LTCC activation can also have beneficial effects. LTCC-mediated Ca2+ influx influences mitochondrial function, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell viability. Hence, we investigated the effect of modulating LTCC-mediated Ca2+ influx on mitochondrial function in cultured hippocampal neurons. To activate LTCCs, neuronal activity was stimulated by increasing extracellular K+ or by application of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline. The activity of LTCCs was altered by application of an agonistic (Bay K8644) or an antagonistic (isradipine) dihydropyridine. Our results demonstrated that activation of LTCC-mediated Ca2+ influx affected mitochondrial function in a bimodal manner. At moderate stimulation strength, ATP synthase activity was enhanced, an effect that involved Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. In contrast, high LTCC-mediated Ca2+ loads led to a switch in ATP synthase activity to reverse-mode operation. This effect, which required nitric oxide, helped to prevent mitochondrial depolarization and sustained increases in mitochondrial Ca2+ Our findings indicate a complex role of LTCC-mediated Ca2+ influx in the tuning and maintenance of mitochondrial function. Therefore, the use of LTCC inhibitors to protect neurons from neurodegeneration should be reconsidered carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Hotka
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michal Cagalinec
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Cellular Cardiology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50 411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karlheinz Hilber
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Livia Hool
- School of Human Sciences (Physiology), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Stefan Boehm
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Kubista
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 13a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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