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Sardana K, Sachdeva S. Update on pharmacology, actions, dosimetry and regimens of oral glucocorticoids in dermatology. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:5370-5385. [PMID: 35608455 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are arguably the most widely used and misused drug in dermatology. There have been recent updates in its mode of action which can impact on its judicious use. There is need to use the correct steroid preparation to maximize results and minimize side effects. We present an updated review on glucocorticoids focusing on its mode of action, rationale of its prescribing considerations and dosing regimens in dermatology. This is based on PubMed search with a focus on mode of actions and dosimetry with additional updates from standard drug books, databases and rheumatology books.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Sardana
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Soumya Sachdeva
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Simsek G, Taş BM, Muluk NB, Azman M, Kılıç R. Comparison of the protective efficacy between intratympanic dexamethasone and resveratrol treatments against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity: an experimental study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:3287-3293. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Porshneva K, Papiernik D, Psurski M, Łupicka-Słowik A, Matkowski R, Ekiert M, Nowak M, Jarosz J, Banach J, Milczarek M, Goszczyński TM, Sieńczyk M, Wietrzyk J. Temporal inhibition of mouse mammary gland cancer metastasis by CORM-A1 and DETA/NO combination therapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:3918-3939. [PMID: 31281522 PMCID: PMC6587338 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are two of the most important vasoprotective mediators. Their downregulation observed during vascular dysfunction, which is associated with cancer progression, leads to uncontrolled platelet activation. Therefore, the aim of our studies was to improve vasoprotection and to decrease platelet activation during progression of mouse mammary gland cancer by concurrent use of CO and NO donors (CORM-A1 and DETA/NO, respectively). Methods: Mice injected intravenously with 4T1-luc2-tdTomato or orthotopically with 4T1 mouse mammary gland cancer cells were treated with CORM-A1 and DETA/NO. Ex vivo aggregation and activation of platelets were assessed in the blood of healthy donors and breast cancer patients. Moreover, we analyzed the compounds' direct effect on 4T1 mouse and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells proliferation, adhesion and migration in vitro. Results: We have observed antimetastatic effect of combination therapy, which was only transient in orthotopic model. During early stages of tumor progression concurrent use of CORM-A1 and DETA/NO demonstrated vasoprotective ability (decreased endothelin-1, sICAM and sE-selectin plasma level) and downregulated platelets activation (decreased bound of fibrinogen and vWf to platelets) as well as inhibited EMT process. Combined treatment with CO and NO donors diminished adhesion and migration of breast cancer cells in vitro and inhibited aggregation as well as TGF-β release from breast cancer patients' platelets ex vivo. However, antimetastatic effect was not observed at a later stage of tumor progression which was accompanied by increased platelets activation and endothelial dysfunction related to a decrease of VASP level. Conclusion: The therapy was shown to have antimetastatic action and resulted in normalization of endothelial metabolism, diminution of platelet activation and inhibition of EMT process. The effect was more prominent during early stages of tumor dissemination. Such treatment could be applied to inhibit metastasis during the first stages of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Porshneva
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Diana Papiernik
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Psurski
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Łupicka-Słowik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Clinical Oncology; Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology Center, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ekiert
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Clinical Oncology; Department of Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology Center, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Nowak
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Jarosz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Milczarek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz M. Goszczyński
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Sieńczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Wang X, Chen Y, Tao Y, Gao Y, Yu D, Wu H. A666-conjugated nanoparticles target prestin of outer hair cells preventing cisplatin-induced hearing loss. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7517-7531. [PMID: 30532536 PMCID: PMC6241721 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s170130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The delivery of treatment agents to inner ear with drug delivery system (DDS) has been under investigation to overcome the limitations of the conventional therapeutic agents in curing or alleviating the cisplatin ototoxicity. Methods In the present study, a novel targeted dexamethasone (DEX)-loaded DDS, A666-DEX-NP, was constructed for prevention from cisplatin-induced hearing loss. A666-(CLEPRWGFGWWLH) peptides specifically bind to prestin, which is limited to the outer hair cells (OHCs). HEI-OC1 and cisplatin-treated guinea pigs (12 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) were used as in vitro and in vivo models for investigating the targeting and protective efficiency against cisplatin. Results As expected, compared to A666-unconjugated nanoparticles (NP), A666-conjugated coumarin 6-labeled NP showed active targeting to OHCs. Furthermore, A666-coumarin 6-labeled NP could be significantly internalized by HEI-OC1 cells via the A666-prestin interaction. This facilitated the uptake of cells pretreated with A666-DEX-NP, followed by the cisplatin-treated group, which led to enhanced cell viability, reduced apoptotic properties, and decreased reactive oxygen species levels as compared to cells pretreated with DEX or DEX-NP, 4 hours in advance of cisplatin treatment. In cisplatin-treated guinea pigs, pretreatment with A666-DEX-NP effectively preserved OHCs and showed significant hearing protection at 4, 8, and 16 kHz as compared to pretreatment with saline, DEX, or DEX-NP formulation. Conclusion This OHC-targeting DDS provides a novel strategy for DEX application that can be potentially used to combat cisplatin ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yuming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yunge Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Dehong Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ; .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai, People's Republic of China, ;
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Hazlitt RA, Min J, Zuo J. Progress in the Development of Preventative Drugs for Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5512-5524. [PMID: 29361217 PMCID: PMC6043375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cisplatin
is a highly effective treatment for malignant cancers
and has become a cornerstone in chemotherapeutic regimens. Unfortunately,
its use in the clinic is often coupled with a high incidence of severe
hearing loss. Over the past few decades, enormous effort has been
put forth to find protective agents that selectively protect against
the ototoxic side effects of cisplatin and do not interfere with its
antitumoral activity. Many therapies have been successful in preclinical
work, but only a few have shown any protection in the clinic, and
none have been approved by the FDA. This review summarizes the clinical
and preclinical studies of the most effective small-molecule candidates
currently in clinical trials, while also detailing their molecular
mechanisms of action, to gain insight for future drug development
in the field.
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Güven D, Altunkaynak BZ, Altun G, Alkan I, Kocak İ. Histomorphometric changes in the placenta and umbilical cord during complications of pregnancy. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:198-210. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1410993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Güven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - BZ Altunkaynak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Okan University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - G Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - I Alkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - İ Kocak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Baseler L, Chertow DS, Johnson KM, Feldmann H, Morens DM. The Pathogenesis of Ebola Virus Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2017; 12:387-418. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-052016-100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baseler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Daniel S. Chertow
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Karl M. Johnson
- Founder, Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Placitas, New Mexico 87043
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840
| | - David M. Morens
- Office of the Director, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
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Serio M, Potenza M, Montagnani M, Mansi G, Rinaldi R, Pece S, Fumarola D, Jirillo E, Mitolo-Chieppa D. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced hyporeactivity in perfused rat resistance vessels: modulating effects of dexamethasone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/096805199600300607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out on mesenteric vascular bed from LPS-injected rats in order to investigate possible mechanisms underlying hyporesponsiveness in resistance blood vessels in the course of septic shock syndrome. The involvement of L-arginine (L-Arg)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway was evaluated by administration of L-Arg, which produced a decrease in perfusion pressure in LPS-treated rats, whereas it was ineffective in control rats. Of note, dexamethasone (DEX) pretreatment in endotoxaemic rats significantly reduced the vasorelaxation by L-Arg; however, this non selective inhibitor of inducible-NOS expression was not able to prevent noradrenaline (NA) hyporeactivity. Furthermore, in order to evaluate whether hyporesponsiveness could be due to an altered contraction mechanism, the effect of endothelin (ET)-1 was tested. This peptide was able to markedly enhance the contractile response to noradrenaline in LPS-treated rats. Collectively, our findings suggest that vascular hyporesponsiveness during septic shock can only be partially explained by activation of the L-Arg/NO pathway. Other mechanisms, probably related to smooth muscle cell contractility, may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Serio
- Institute of Medical Pharmacology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M.A. Potenza
- Institute of Medical Pharmacology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - M. Montagnani
- Institute of Medical Pharmacology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - G. Mansi
- Institute of Medical Pharmacology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - R. Rinaldi
- Institute of Medical Pharmacology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - S. Pece
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - D. Fumarola
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - E. Jirillo
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Jackman BJ, Eades SC, Moore JN, Harmon B. Differential effects of an infusion of endotoxin on proximal and distal feline jejunal permeability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/096805199600300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effects of an intravenous infusion of endotoxin (750 μg/kg) or an equal volume of saline solution (control) on the proximal and distal jejunal permeability and blood flow were evaluated in cats. In 8 cats, proximal and distal jejunal segments were isolated and mucosal clearance of 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was measured. The mucosal clearance in the distal loop was not altered by endotoxin infusion in 6 cats given endotoxin or 2 cats given saline solution. In 6 cats given endotoxin, the proximal jejunal segment exhibited a 10-fold increase in mucosal permeability. In contrast, mucosal clearance remained stable in the proximal jejunal loop in 2 cats infused with saline solution. In a second group of 13 cats (7 cats infused with endotoxin; 6 cats infused with saline solution), blood flow to the proximal and distal segments was measured. Either endotoxin (n = 7) or saline solution (n = 6) did not significantly alter blood flow to the proximal and distal jejunum in these experiments. Samples of proximal and distal jejunum were collected from 12 cats (6 cats infused with endotoxin and 6 cats infused with saline solution). There was significantly more epithelial necrosis in the endotoxin treated cats than in the saline treated cats. Neutrophil infiltration was greater in the jejunal segments of endotoxin treated cats than in the jejunal segments of saline treated cats. In the endotoxin treated cats, there was significantly greater necrosis in the proximal jejunal segment than in the distal jejunal segment. There were no significant differences in numbers of neutrophils in the proximal and distal jejunal segments. These results demonstrate that the proximal jejunum is more sensitive to endotoxin-induced increases in mucosal permeability than is the distal jejunum. The increases in mucosal permeability in the proximal jejunum were not accompanied by significant reductions in jejunal arterial blood flow. Endotoxemia induced neutrophil infiltration to the proximal and distal jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J. Jackman
- Departments of Large Animal Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, and Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Susan C. Eades
- Departments of Large Animal Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, and Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - James N. Moore
- Departments of Large Animal Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, and Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Barry Harmon
- Departments of Large Animal Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, and Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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The protective effect of intratympanic dexamethasone on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in guinea pigs. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 137:747-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2007.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 05/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of intratympanic dexamethasone injection as a protection agent against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Study Design and Setting The four groups of guinea pigs were injected as follows: 1) cisplatin, 2) intratympanic dexamethasone, 3) cisplatin following intratympanic dexamethasone, and 4) cisplatin after intratympanic saline. Before and 3 days following injections, the ototoxic effect was measured with distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Results The DPOAEs amplitudes and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values at 1 to 6 kHz frequencies for group 1 animals after injections significantly decreased over those before injections ( P < 0.05). In group 2, there were no significant differences in DPOAE amplitude and SNR values between before and after intratympanic dexamethasone injections ( P > 0.05). Considering group 3, there were also no significant differences in DPOAEs amplitudes and SNR values before and after of dexamethasone and cisplatin injections ( P > 0.05). Conclusions Intratympanic dexamethasone injection did not cause any ototoxic effect; in contrast, it might have a significant protective effect after cisplatin injection.
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Huber B, Czaja AM, Kluger PJ. Influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and hydrocortisone on the co-culture of mature adipocytes and endothelial cells for vascularized adipose tissue engineering. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:569-78. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Huber
- Institute for Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology; University of Stuttgart; Nobelstraße 12 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
| | - Alina Maria Czaja
- Esslingen University of Applied Sciences; Kanalstraße 33 Esslingen 73728 Germany
| | - Petra Juliane Kluger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB; Nobelstraße 12 Stuttgart 70569 Germany
- Reutlingen University; Alteburgstr. 150 Reutlingen 72762 Germany
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Zhang X, Xu Z, Lin F, Wang F, Ye D, Huang Y. Increased Oxidative DNA Damage in Placenta Contributes to Cadmium-Induced Preeclamptic Conditions in Rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016. [PMID: 26194818 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To explore the possible mechanisms of cadmium (Cd)-induced preeclamptic conditions in rats. In the present study, we introduced the in vivo model of preeclampsia by giving intraperitoneal injections of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) to pregnant rats from gestational day (GD) 4 to 19. Maternal body weights were recorded on GD 0, 14, and 20, while their systolic blood pressures (SBPs) monitored on GD 3, 11, and 18. On GD 20, rats were sacrificed and the specimens were collected. The morphological changes of placenta and kidney tissues of pregnant rats were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining assay. Blood Cd level was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was evaluated using FRAP method and total nitrite (NOx) was detected with Griess reagent. Antioxidative factors and DNA damage/repair biomarkers were measured by real-time qPCR, western blot or immunohistochemistry study. The current results showed that CdCl2-treated pregnant rats developed preeclampsia (PE)-like manifestations, such as hypertension, albuminuria, with decreased TAC and increased blood Cd level, and pro-oxidative/antioxidative or DNA damage/repair biomarkers. Our study demonstrated that increased oxidative DNA damage in placenta could contribute to Cd-induced preeclamptic conditions in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Zhangye Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Duyun Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yinping Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Hiller S, DeKroon R, Hamlett ED, Xu L, Osorio C, Robinette J, Winnik W, Simington S, Maeda N, Alzate O, Yi X. Alpha-lipoic acid supplementation protects enzymes from damage by nitrosative and oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1860:36-45. [PMID: 26344063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S-nitrosylation of mitochondrial enzymes involved in energy transfer under nitrosative stress may result in ATP deficiency. We investigated whether α-lipoic acid, a powerful antioxidant, could alleviate nitrosative stress by regulating S-nitrosylation, which could result in retaining the mitochondrial enzyme activity. METHODS In this study, we have identified the S-nitrosylated forms of subunit 1 of dihydrolipoyllysine succinyltransferase (complex III), and subunit 2 of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex by implementing a fluorescence-based differential quantitative proteomics method. RESULTS We found that the activities of these two mitochondrial enzymes were partially but reversibly inhibited by S-nitrosylation in cultured endothelial cells, and that their activities were partially restored by supplementation of α-lipoic acid. We show that protein S-nitrosylation affects the activity of mitochondrial enzymes that are central to energy supply, and that α-lipoic acid protects mitochondrial enzymes by altering S-nitrosylation levels. CONCLUSIONS Inhibiting protein S-nitrosylation with α-lipoic acid seems to be a protective mechanism against nitrosative stress. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Identification and characterization of these new protein targets should contribute to expanding the therapeutic power of α-lipoic acid and to a better understanding of the underlying antioxidant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Hiller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robert DeKroon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Eric D Hamlett
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Longquan Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Cristina Osorio
- Systems Proteomics Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Robinette
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Systems Proteomics Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Witold Winnik
- Proteomic Research Core Unit, NHEERL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Stephen Simington
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Nobuyo Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Oscar Alzate
- Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States.
| | - Xianwen Yi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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Dexamethasone loaded core–shell SF/PEO nanofibers via green electrospinning reduced endothelial cells inflammatory damage. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 126:561-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Jiang Q, Zhou Z, Wang L, Yang C, Wang J, Wu T, Song L. Mutual modulation between norepinephrine and nitric oxide in haemocytes during the mollusc immune response. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6963. [PMID: 25376551 PMCID: PMC4223682 DOI: 10.1038/srep06963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important immune molecules in innate immunity of invertebrates, and it can be regulated by norepinephrine in ascidian haemocytes. In the present study, the mutual modulation and underlying mechanism between norepinephrine and NO were explored in haemocytes of the scallop Chlamys farreri. After lipopolysaccharide stimulation, NO production increased to a significant level at 24 h, and norepinephrine concentration rose to remarkable levels at 3 h and 12~48 h. A significant decrease of NO production was observed in the haemocytes concomitantly stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and α-adrenoceptor agonist, while a dramatic increase of NO production was observed in the haemocytes incubated with lipopolysaccharide and β-adrenoceptor agonist. Meanwhile, the concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) decreased significantly in the haemocytes treated by lipopolysaccharide and α/β-adrenoceptor agonist, while the content of Ca(2+) was elevated in those triggered by lipopolysaccharide and β-adrenoceptor agonist. When the haemocytes was incubated with NO donor, norepinephrine concentration was significantly enhanced during 1~24 h. Collectively, these results suggested that norepinephrine exerted varied effects on NO production at different immune stages via a novel α/β-adrenoceptor-cAMP/Ca(2+) regulatory pattern, and NO might have a feedback effect on the synthesis of norepinephrine in the scallop haemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufen Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chuanyan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Baek MW, Seong KJ, Jeong YJ, Kim GM, Park HJ, Kim SH, Chung HJ, Kim WJ, Jung JY. Nitric oxide induces apoptosis in human gingival fibroblast through mitochondria-dependent pathway and JNK activation. Int Endod J 2014; 48:287-97. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M.-W. Baek
- Department of Oral Physiology; Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders; School of Dentistry; Chonnam National University; Gwangju South Korea
| | - K.-J. Seong
- Department of Oral Physiology; Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders; School of Dentistry; Chonnam National University; Gwangju South Korea
| | - Y.-J. Jeong
- Department of Oral Physiology; Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders; School of Dentistry; Chonnam National University; Gwangju South Korea
| | - G.-M. Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology; Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders; School of Dentistry; Chonnam National University; Gwangju South Korea
| | - H.-J. Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders; School of Dentistry; Chonnam National University; Gwangju South Korea
| | - S.-H. Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy; Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders; School of Dentistry; Chonnam National University; Gwangju South Korea
| | - H.-J. Chung
- Department of Periodontology; Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders; School of Dentistry; Chonnam National University; Gwangju South Korea
| | - W.-J. Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology; Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders; School of Dentistry; Chonnam National University; Gwangju South Korea
| | - J.-Y. Jung
- Department of Oral Physiology; Dental Science Research Institute and Medical Research Center for Biomineralization Disorders; School of Dentistry; Chonnam National University; Gwangju South Korea
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Hughes AL, Hussain N, Pafford R, Parham K. Dexamethasone otoprotection in a multidose cisplatin ototoxicity mouse model. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 150:115-20. [PMID: 24233060 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813511948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a murine model for multidose administration of cisplatin that produces significant hearing threshold elevations and to use this model to assess the protective properties of intratympanic (IT) dexamethasone against cisplatin ototoxicity. STUDY DESIGN Controlled repeated measures design. SETTING Translational research laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Intraperitoneal (IP) cisplatin, 2 or 3 mg/kg/day, was administered for a total of 5 or 10 days in young CBA/J mice. Pure-tone evoked auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds were performed on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 to evaluate hearing threshold shifts. After development of the optimal dosing regimen, 15 mice received IT dexamethasone (24 mg/ml) in one ear and IT saline in the contralateral ear. RESULTS Significant threshold elevations were obtained for the 2 and 3 mg/kg/day 10 day groups, but both had high mortality rates and were excluded as potential multidose murine models. The 3 mg/kg/day 5 day group had a lower mortality rate and significant ABR threshold elevations for all frequencies on days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Using this dosing model, no statistically significant difference between IT dexamethasone and saline treated ears was found. CONCLUSIONS Unlike previous single dose models, IT dexamethasone did not have an otoprotective effect in a multidose murine model of cisplatin ototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lawrason Hughes
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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19
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Ma C, Armstrong AW. Severe adverse events from the treatment of advanced melanoma: a systematic review of severe side effects associated with ipilimumab, vemurafenib, interferon alfa-2b, dacarbazine and interleukin-2. J DERMATOL TREAT 2013; 25:401-8. [PMID: 23763243 DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2013.813897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current immunomodulatory agents for stage III and IV melanoma exert different mechanisms of action that manifest in distinct adverse events. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to synthesize safety data from clinical trials on ipilimumab, vemurafenib, interferon (IFN) alfa-2b, dacarbazine and interleukin (IL)-2 to elucidate the severe adverse events associated with each melanoma therapy. METHODS Through a systematic search using MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register between January 1, 2010 and June 1, 2012, we identified 32 clinical trials with 5802 subjects that met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Ipilimumab was associated with immune-mediated diarrhea and colitis, with an incidence rate of 0.0017 cases per 100 person-years. Patients receiving vemurafenib developed keratoacanthomas and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma at an incidence rate of 0.0025 cases per 100 person-years. Treatment with IFN alfa-2b precipitated depression at an incidence rate of 0.0002 cases per 100 person-years. Dacarbazine was associated with respiratory toxicity and dyspnea, with incidence rates of 0.0001 and 0.00008 cases per 100 person-years, respectively. IL-2 treatment induced vascular leak syndrome (VLS), with symptoms of hypotension and oliguria, was observed at incidence rates of 0.17 and 0.15 cases per 100 person-years, respectively. Findings may serve as a foundation for future research in this area and guide clinical recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Ma
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis , Sacramento, CA , USA
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20
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Isolation of functional human endothelial cells from small volumes of umbilical cord blood. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 41:2181-92. [PMID: 23604849 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from endothelial progenitor cells in blood have great potential as a therapeutic tool to promote vasculogenesis and angiogenesis and treat cardiovascular diseases. However, current methods to isolate ECs are limited by a low yield with few colonies appearing during isolation. In order to utilize blood-derived ECs for therapeutic applications, a simple method is needed that can produce a high yield of ECs from small volumes of blood without the addition of animal-derived products. For the first time, we show that human ECs can be isolated without the prior separation of blood components through the technique of diluted whole blood incubation (DWBI) utilizing commercially available human serum. We isolated ECs from small volumes of blood (~10 mL) via DWBI and characterized them with flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and uptake of DiI-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein (DiI-Ac-LDL). These ECs are functional as demonstrated by their ability to form tubular networks in Matrigel, adhere and align with flow under physiological fluid shear stress, and produce increased nitric oxide under fluid flow. An average of 7.0 ± 2.5 EC colonies that passed all functional tests described above were obtained per 10 mL of blood as compared to only 0.3 ± 0.1 colonies with the traditional method based on density centrifugation. The time until first colony appearance was 8.3 ± 1.2 days for ECs isolated with the DWBI method and 12 ± 1.4 days for ECs isolated with the traditional isolation method. A simplified method, such as DWBI, in combination with advances in isolation yield could enable the use of blood-derived ECs in clinical practice.
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21
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Tayal D, Goswami B, Patra SK, Tripathi R, Khaneja A. Association of inflammatory cytokines, lipid peroxidation end products and nitric oxide with the clinical severity and fetal outcome in preeclampsia in Indian women. Indian J Clin Biochem 2013; 29:139-44. [PMID: 24757293 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder associated with maternal hypertension, placental abnormalities and adverse fetal outcomes. The various pathways involved in its etiology include endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory milieu, lipid peroxidation and immunological imbalance. The present study was conducted to evaluate the causative and predictive role of nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation end products (MDA) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) in clinical presentation, severity and fetal outcome in preeclampsia. The study population was divided into 3 groups- Non- pregnant females comprising the control population; G1 and G2 groups included normal pregnant and pregnant females with preeclampsia with 50 patients in each group. Nitric Oxide and MDA levels were found to be highest in the preeclamptic patients as compared to other two groups. ROC curve analysis shows the superiority of the inflammatory markers as determinants of severity of preeclampsia which suggests the emerging role of pro inflammatory markers in the various pathological changes in preeclampsia. TNF-α emerged as the best marker in multivariate analysis and thus, has the potential for being used as a marker for PIH. Our study illustrates the multifactorial etiology of preeclampsia involving oxidative stress, proinflammatory milieu and endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Tayal
- Department of Biochemistry, Lala Ram Swaroop Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Binita Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - S K Patra
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Reva Tripathi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated LN Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Alka Khaneja
- Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated LN Hospital, New Delhi, India
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22
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Liu H, Luiten PGM, Eisel ULM, Dejongste MJL, Schoemaker RG. Depression after myocardial infarction: TNF-α-induced alterations of the blood-brain barrier and its putative therapeutic implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:561-72. [PMID: 23415700 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have a three times higher chance to develop depression. Vice versa, depressive symptoms increase the risk of cardiovascular events. The co-existence of both conditions is associated with substantially worse prognosis. Although the underlying mechanism of the interaction is largely unknown, inflammation is thought to be of pivotal importance. AMI-induced peripheral cytokines release may cause cerebral endothelial leakage and hence induces a neuroinflammatory reaction. The neuroinflammation may persist even long after the initial peripheral inflammation has subsided. Among those selected brain regions that are prone to blood-brain barrier dysfunction, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), a major center for cardiovascular autonomic regulation, is indicated to play a mediating role. Optimal cardiovascular therapy improves cardiovascular prognosis without major effects on depression. By the same token, antidepressant therapy in cardiovascular disease is associated with modest improvement in depressive symptoms, however without improvement in cardiac outcome. The failure of current antidepressants and the growing number of patients suffering from both conditions legitimize the search for better antidepressive therapies, from patients as well as society perspectives. Though we appreciate the mutual character of the interaction between depression and AMI, the present review focuses on the side of AMI induced depression and discusses the role of inflammation, represented by the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, as potential underlying mechanism. It is conceivable that inhibition of the inflammatory response post-AMI, through targeted anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapeutical agents may prevent the development of depressive symptoms and ultimately may improve cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Protective effect of rutin in attenuation of collagen-induced arthritis in Wistar rat by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.injr.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process in the intima of conduit arteries, which disturbs the endothelium-dependent regulation of the vascular tone by the labile liposoluble radical nitric oxide (NO) formed by the constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). This defect predisposes to coronary vasospasm and cardiac ischaemia, with anginal pain as the typical clinical manifestation. It is now appreciated that endothelial dysfunction is an early event in atherogenesis and that it may also involve the microcirculation, in which atherosclerotic lesions do not develop. On the other hand, the inflammatory environment in atherosclerotic plaques may result in the expression of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) isozyme. Whether the dysfunction in endothelial NO production is causal to, or the result of, atherosclerotic lesion formation is still highly debated. Most evidence supports the hypothesis that constitutive endothelial NO release protects against atherogenesis e.g. by preventing smooth muscle cell proliferation and leukocyte adhesion. Nitric oxide generated by the inducible isozyme may be beneficial by replacing the failing endothelial production but excessive release may damage the vascular wall cells, especially in combination with reactive oxygen intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Matthys
- University of Antwerp (UIA) Division of Pharmacology Wilrijk Antwerp B2610 Belgium
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25
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Tavares JC, Moreno A, Crespo MS. Nitric oxide decreases intestinal haemorrhagic lesions in rat anaphylaxis independently of mast cell activation. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 6:25-31. [PMID: 18472830 PMCID: PMC2365848 DOI: 10.1080/09629359791893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to assess the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the intestinal lesions of passive anaphylaxis, since this experimental model resembles necrotizing enterocolitis. Sprague-Dawley rats were sensitized with IgE anti-dinitrophenol monoclonal antibody. Extravasation of protein-rich plasma and haemorrhagia were measured in the small intestine. Plasma histamine was measured to assess mast cell activation. The effect of exogenous NO on the lesions was assessed by using two structurally unrelated NO-donors: sodium nitroprusside and S-nitroso-Nacetyl-penicillamine (SNAP). An increased basal production of NO was observed in cells taken after anaphylaxis, associated with a reduced response to platelet-activating factor, interleukin 1beta, and IgE/DNP-bovine serum albumin complexes. The response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) was enhanced 24 h after challenge, but at earlier times was not significantly different from that observed in controls. Treatment with either sodium nitroprusside or SNAP produced a significant reduction of the haemorrhagic lesions, which are a hallmark of rat anaphylaxis. The extravasation of protein-rich plasma was not influenced by NO-donors. The increase of plasma histamine elicited by the anaphylactic challenge was not influenced by SNAP treatment. NO-donors protect intestinal haemorrhagic lesions of rat anaphylaxis by a mechanism apparently independent of mast cell histamine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Tavares
- Instituto de Biología y Geneética Molecular CSIC-Facultad de Medicina Valladolid 47005 Spain
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Söderberg E, Lipcsey M, Sjölin J, Larsson A, Eriksson MB. Counteraction of early circulatory derangement by administration of low dose steroid treatment at the onset of established endotoxemic shock is not directly mediated by TNF-α and IL-6. Steroids 2012; 77:1101-6. [PMID: 22705410 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Once a septic condition is progressing, administration of steroids in the pro-inflammatory phase of septic shock ought to yield maximal effect on the subsequent, devastating inflammatory response. Recently, a retrospective study showed that early initiation of corticosteroid therapy improved survival in septic shock. We aimed to prospectively evaluate effects of early administrated hydrocortisone therapy on physiologic variables in a porcine model of septic shock. EXPERIMENT Eight anesthetized pigs were given a continuous infusion of endotoxin during this 6 h prospective, randomized, parallel-grouped placebo-controlled experimental study. At the onset of endotoxemic shock, defined as the moment when the mean pulmonary arterial pressure reached the double baseline value, the pigs were either given a single intravenous dose of hydrocortisone (5 mg kg(-1)) or the corresponding volume of saline. RESULTS Mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance index were significantly higher (both p<0.05), and heart rate was significantly lower (p<0.05), in the endotoxin+hydrocortisone group as compared to the endotoxin+saline group. Body temperature and blood hemoglobin levels increased significantly in the endotoxin+saline group (both p<0.05). Urinary hydrocortisone increased significantly in both groups (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6 or nitrite/nitrate between the groups. CONCLUSION Early treatment with hydrocortisone ameliorates some endotoxin mediated circulatory derangements, fever response and microvascular outflow. Our results suggest that these effects are not directly mediated by the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha or IL-6, nor by NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Söderberg
- Section of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Umar S, Zargan J, Umar K, Ahmad S, Katiyar CK, Khan HA. Modulation of the oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine response by thymoquinone in the collagen induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 197:40-6. [PMID: 22450443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major active compound derived from Nigella sativa. Our aim of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant and antiarthritic activity of TQ in Wistar rat by collagen induced arthritis (CIA). TQ was administered at a dose of 5mgkg(-1) body weight once daily for 21days. The effects of treatment in the rats were assessed by biochemical (articular elastase, MPO, LPO, GSH, catalase, SOD and NO), inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ and PGE(2)) and histological studies in joints. TQ was effective in bringing significant changes on all the parameters (articular elastase, MPO, LPO, GSH, catalase, SOD and NO) studied. Oral administration of TQ resulted in significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and PGE(2)) and increased level of IL-10. The protective effects of TQ against RA were also evident from the decrease in arthritis scoring and bone histology. In conclusion, the fact that TQ abolished a number of factors known to be involved in RA pathogenesis indicates that the administration of thymoquinone may have potential value in the treatment of inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq Umar
- Clinical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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29
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Seo T, Cha S, Woo KM, Park YS, Cho YM, Lee JS, Kim TI. Synergic induction of human periodontal ligament fibroblast cell death by nitric oxide and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2011; 41:17-22. [PMID: 21394293 PMCID: PMC3051052 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2011.41.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nitric oxide (NO) has been known as an important regulator of osteoblasts and periodontal ligament cell activity. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between NO-mediated cell death of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5, 10-imine hydrogen maleate (MK801). METHODS Human PDLFs were treated with various concentrations (0 to 4 mM) of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) with or without 200 µM MK801 in culture media for 16 hours and the cell medium was then removed and replaced by fresh medium containing MTS reagent for cell proliferation assay. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the effects of SNP on the expression of Bax, cytochrome c, and caspase-3 proteins. The differences for each value among the sample groups were compared using analysis of variance with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS In the case of SNP treatment, as a NO donor, cell viability was significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, a synergistic effect was shown when both SNP and NMDA receptor antagonist was added to the medium. SNP treated PDLFs exhibited a round shape in culture conditions and were dramatically reduced in cell number. SNP treatment also increased levels of apoptotic marker protein, such as Bax and cytochrome c, and reduced caspase-3 in PDLFs. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling was activated by treatment of SNP and NMDA receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that excessive production of NO may induce apoptosis and that NMDA receptor may modulate NO-induced apoptosis in PDLFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegun Seo
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Systemic glucocorticoids in rheumatology. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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31
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Venkatesha SH, Berman BM, Moudgil KD. Herbal medicinal products target defined biochemical and molecular mediators of inflammatory autoimmune arthritis. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:21-9. [PMID: 21115252 PMCID: PMC3020797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic debilitating disease characterized by synovial inflammation, damage to cartilage and bone, and deformities of the joints. Several drugs possessing anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties are being used in the conventional (allopathic) system of medicine to treat RA. However, the long-term use of these drugs is associated with harmful side effects. Therefore, newer drugs with low or no toxicity for the treatment of RA are actively being sought. Interestingly, several herbs demonstrate anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity. In this review, we describe the role of the major biochemical and molecular mediators in the pathogenesis of RA, and highlight the sites of action of herbal medicinal products that have anti-arthritic activity. With the rapidly increasing use of CAM products by patients with RA and other inflammation-related disorders, our review presents timely information validating the scientific rationale for the use of natural therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaprasad H. Venkatesha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Brian M. Berman
- Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Kamal D. Moudgil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
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Paksoy M, Ayduran E, Şanlı A, Eken M, Aydın S, Oktay ZA. The protective effects of intratympanic dexamethasone and vitamin E on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity are demonstrated in rats. Med Oncol 2010; 28:615-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9477-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Baker PN, Davidge ST, Pitt BR, Davies P, Roberts JM. Plasma from Preeclamptic Women Causes a Rapid, Calcium-Sensitive Release of Nitric Oxide from Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Hypertens Pregnancy 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/10641959709069089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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34
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Boueiz A, Hassoun PM. Regulation of endothelial barrier function by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Microvasc Res 2008; 77:26-34. [PMID: 19041330 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2008.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), by activated neutrophils and endothelial cells, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of endothelial barrier dysfunction. Disruption of the integrity of this barrier markedly increases permeability to fluids, solutes and inflammatory cells and is the hallmark of many disorders such as acute lung injury (ALI) and sepsis. There has been considerable progress in our understanding of the sequence of molecular and structural events that mediate the response of endothelial cells to oxidants and nitrosants. In addition, substantial experimental evidence demonstrates improvement of endothelial barrier dysfunction with antioxidant strategies. However, no significant benefits have been observed, so far, in clinical trials of antioxidants for the treatment of endothelial barrier dysfunction. This article will review the available evidence implicating ROS and RNS in endothelial barrier dysfunction, explore potential underlying mechanisms, and identify areas of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Boueiz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Matsuda N, Hattori Y. Vascular biology in sepsis: pathophysiological and therapeutic significance of vascular dysfunction. J Smooth Muscle Res 2007; 43:117-37. [PMID: 17928746 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.43.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality in critically ill patients. In this pathological syndrome, septic shock and sequential multiple organ failure correlate with poor outcome. The pathophysiology of sepsis with acute organ dysfunction involves a highly complex, integrated response that includes activation of number of cell types, inflammatory mediators, and the hemostatic system. Central to this process may be alterations in vascular functions. This review article provides a growing body of evidence for the potential impact of vascular dysfunction on sepsis pathophysiology with a major emphasis on the endothelium. Furthermore, the role of apoptotic signaling molecules in the mechanisms underlying endothelial cell injury and death during sepsis and its potential value as a target for sepsis therapy will be discussed, which may help in the assessment of ongoing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Matsuda
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyoma, Japan
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Abstract
The vascular endothelium plays a fundamental role in the basal and dynamic regulation of the circulation. Thus, it has a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. A spectrum of vasoactive substances is synthesised in the endothelium; of these, nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin (PGI2) and endothelin (ET)-1 are the most important. There is a continuous basal release of NO determining the tone of peripheral blood vessels. Systemic inhibition of NO synthesis or scavenging of NO through oxidative stress causes an increase in arterial blood pressure. Also, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has a major role in hypertension as it has a direct vasoconstrictor effect and important interactions with oxygen free radicals and NO. Prostacyclin, in contrast to NO, does not contribute to the maintenance of basal vascular tone of conduit arteries, but its effect on platelets is most important. ET acts as the natural counterpart to endothelium-derived NO and has an arterial blood pressure-raising effect in man. Anti-hypertensive therapy lowers blood pressure and may influence these different mediators, thus influencing endothelial function. In summary, due to its position between the blood pressure and smooth muscle cells responsible for peripheral resistance, the endothelium is thought to be both victim and offender in arterial hypertension. The delicate balance of endothelium-derived factors is disturbed in hypertension. Specific anti-hypertensive and anti-oxidant treatment is able to restore this balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Spieker
- Cardiovascular Centre, Cardiology, Dep. of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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Schimchowitsch S, Cassel JC. Polyamine and aminoguanidine treatments to promote structural and functional recovery in the adult mammalian brain after injury: a brief literature review and preliminary data about their combined administration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 99:221-31. [PMID: 16646157 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2005.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The regeneration potential of the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is very modest, due to, among other factors, the presence of either a glial scar, or myelin-associated regeneration inhibitors such as Nogo-A, MAG and OMgp, which all interact with the same receptor (NgR). After a brief review of the key proteins (Rho and PKC) implicated in NgR-mediated signalling cascades, we will tackle the implications of cAMP and Arginase I in overcoming myelin growth-inhibitory influence, and then will focus on the effects of polyamines and aminoguanidine to propose (and to briefly support this proposal by our own preliminary data) that their association might be a potent way to enable functionally-relevant regeneration in the adult mammalian CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schimchowitsch
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Comportementales et Cognitives, UMR 7521 CNRS--Université Louis Pasteur, IFR 37 Neurosciences, Strasbourg, France
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Suliburk JW, Helmer KS, Kennison SD, Mercer DW, Robinson EK. Time-Dependent Aggravation or Attenuation of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Gastric Injury by Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition1. J Surg Res 2005; 129:265-71. [PMID: 16026802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2005] [Revised: 04/13/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors have different effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced gastric injury depending upon whether they are given concurrently with LPS or after LPS at a time point that inducible NOS is up-regulated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal (IP) LPS (20 mg/kg) for 3 h. Western immunoblot was used to determine iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS immunoreactivity after 3 h. In an additional set of experiments, we assessed the time dependent effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition by giving rats LPS (20 mg/kg, IP) concurrently with Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; 2-5 mg/kg, SC) or l-N(G)-(1-iminoethyl) lysine (l-NIL; 10 mg/kg, IP) for 5 h or LPS and delayed administration of l-NAME or l-NIL 3 h following LPS injection in identical doses. For these NOS inhibition experiments microscopic and macroscopic injury was assessed by a blinded observer using previously published scoring systems. Injury studies were conducted by exposing the stomach to 3 ml of 5 mM acidified taurocholate for 5 minutes in an anesthetized prep. RESULTS A 3-h treatment with LPS (20 mg/kg IP) significantly increased iNOS protein immunoreactivity (Western immunoblot) but not eNOS or nNOS. N(G)-l-NAME (2-5 mg/kg SC) dose dependently aggravated macroscopic (computerized planimetry) and morphological gastric injury caused by the intraluminal bile irritant 5 mm acidified taurocholate for 10 min when given concurrently with LPS, an effect reversed by l- but not D-arginine (300 mg/kg). In contrast, delayed administration of l-NAME (3 h after LPS) dose dependently attenuated the ability of LPS to exacerbate gastric injury from bile. Both concurrent and delayed administration of the selective iNOS inhibitor, l-NIL (10 mg/kg IP) attenuated the effects of LPS. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that during endotoxemia, the stomach is rendered more susceptible to damage from luminal irritants such as bile, a frequent occurrence in septic patients with a gastrointestinal ileus. In this setting, iNOS has a pathologic role while the constitutive NOS isoforms play gastroprotective roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Suliburk
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas 77026, USA
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Tarim MA, Sayek I, Erdemli I. Effect of dexamethazone on hepatic vascular response in experimental sepsis. ANZ J Surg 2005; 75:76-9. [PMID: 15740522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2005.03297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dexamethasone-pretreatment on the hepatic artery and portal vein of septic rats, which were generated by lipopolisaccarides (LPS) intraperitoneal injection. METHOD Thirty-six albino Wistar rats were used and constructed as LPS (n = 12), control (n = 12), dexamethazone-pretreatment (n = 6) and dexamethazone-control (n = 6) groups. Hepatic artery and portal vein rings were excised and placed in Krebs-Henseleit solution. Vessel rings were contracted with phenylephrine adding to the organ chamber in cumulative doses. Then the contraction-response curves were drawn. RESULTS In the LPS group, phenylephrine evoked contractions were reduced in both hepatic artery and portal vein rings in comparison to the control group. In the dexamethasone-control group, phenylephrine-evoked contractions were increased but not significantly. Dexamethasone-pretreatment increased the phenylephrine-evoked contractions close to the values of control group for both types of rings. CONCLUSIONS Dexamethasone pretreatment corrected the vascular hyporeactivity to phenyleprine in isolated portal vein and hepatic artery rings prepared from the LPS treated rats in experimental sepsis. This might have occurred as a result of inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression.
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Colón AL, Madrigal JLM, Menchén LA, Moro MA, Lizasoain I, Lorenzo P, Leza JC. Stress increases susceptibility to oxidative/nitrosative mucosal damage in an experimental model of colitis in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2004; 49:1713-21. [PMID: 15573932 DOI: 10.1023/b:ddas.0000043391.64073.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are multifactorial processes. Clinical and animal studies indicate that emotional stress may contribute to the onset and progress of these diseases. On the other hand, enhanced free radical production in mucosal cells has been also implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD. Using an experimental model of colitis induced by intrarectal instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) plus ethanol (vehicle), we sought to determine whether prior exposure to immobilization stress modifies the susceptibility to oxidative damage in colonic mucosa. Several groups of Wistar rats were used: control (C) and stressed (by immobilization of 6 hr every day during 10 days; S) groups and rats receiving a colitis-inducing dose of TNBS on day 5 (30 mg; TNBS30) and a noninflammatory dose of TNBS on day 5 (5 mg; TNBS5) with or without stress (prior exposure, days 0-5, and after, days 5-10). At the 10th day, colonic tissue was dissected and processed for biochemical studies. TNBS30 led to body weight loss, macroscopic colonic ulceration, and inflammation (determined by histological parameters and myeloperoxidase [MPO] activity) and to an increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) activity and expression. TNBS5-instilled animals' body weight and biochemical inflammatory parameters were not significantly different from those in control animals. Interestingly, while stress did not modify body weight, macroscopic aspect of the mucosa, or NOS activity in animals receiving TNBS30, immobilization increased body weight loss, MPO levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA; an indicator of lipid peroxidation) levels after TNBS5. On the other hand, stress increased NOS-2 activity and immunohistochemical expression after instillation of TNBS5. Moreover, constitutive, Ca2+ -dependent NOS activity decreased in stressed animals instilled with TNBS5 compared with nonstressed animals receiving TNBS5 (-28.5 +/- 6.6%; P < 0.05). These findings indicate that previous exposure to stressful stimuli is a factor in susceptibility to oxidative damage in experimental colitis and support a possible protective effect of treatment of stress before and during the development of inflammation in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo L Colón
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Complutense Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Ko JKS, Cho CH, Lam SK. Adaptive cytoprotection through modulation of nitric oxide in ethanol-evoked gastritis. World J Gastroenterol 2004; 10:2503-8. [PMID: 15300893 PMCID: PMC4572150 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v10.i17.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess the mechanisms of protective action by different mild irritants through maintenance of gastric mucosal integrity and modulation of mucosal nitric oxide (NO) in experimental gastritis rats.
METHODS: Either 200 mL/L ethanol, 50 g/L NaCl or 0.3 mol/L HCl was pretreated to normal or 800 mL/L ethanol-induced acute gastritis Sprague-Dawley rats before a subsequent challenge with 500 mL/L ethanol. Both macroscopic lesion areas and histological damage scores were determined in the gastric mucosa of each group of animals. Besides, gastric mucosal activities of NO synthase isoforms and of superoxide dismutase, along with mucosal level of leukotriene (LT)C4 were measured.
RESULTS: Macroscopic mucosal damages were protected by 200 mL/L ethanol and 50 g/L NaCl in gastritis rats. However, although 200 mL/L ethanol could protect the surface layers of mucosal cells in normal animals (protection attenuated by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), no cytoprotection against deeper histological damages was found in gastritis rats. Besides, inducible NO synthase activity was increased in the mucosa of gastritis animals and unaltered by mild irritants. Nevertheless, the elevation in mucosal LTC4 level following 500 mL/L ethanol administration and under gastritis condition was significantly reduced by pretreatment of all three mild irritants in both normal and gastritis animals.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the aggravated 500 mL/L ethanol-evoked mucosal damages under gastritis condition could be due to increased inducible NO and LTC4 production in the gastric mucosa. Only 200 mL/L ethanol is truly “cytoprotective” at the surface glandular level of non-gastritis mucosa. Furthermore, the macroscopic protection of the three mild irritants involves reduction of LTC4 level in both normal and gastritis mucosa, implicating preservation of the vasculature.
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Kahlos K, Zhang J, Block ER, Patel JM. Thioredoxin restores nitric oxide-induced inhibition of protein kinase C activity in lung endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2004; 254:47-54. [PMID: 14674681 DOI: 10.1023/a:1027380828645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that exposure to exogenous nitric oxide (NO) causes diminished expression of thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase, a critical component of the redox system that regulates the functions of redox-sensitive enzymes, receptors, and transcription factors. Here we examined the role of thioredoxin in NO-induced inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) isoform(s) and potential interaction of PKC and thioredoxin in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) in culture. Exposure to NO gas (8 ppm) significantly diminished the catalytic activity of the representative isoforms of the conventional, novel, and atypical PKCs alpha, epsilon, and zeta, respectively, in PAEC. Further examination of NO's effect on PKC-zeta revealed that NO-induced inhibition of the catalytic activity of PKC-zeta was time-dependent and regulated by a posttranscriptional mechanism. NO-induced loss of the catalytic activity of PKC-zeta was restored by incubation with the disulfide reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT) as well as by purified thioredoxin or thioredoxin reductase. Confocal imaging studies revealed co-localization of PKC and thioredoxin in PAEC. These results indicate that: (1) NO-induced inhibition of PKC isoforms is associated with S-nitrosylation-mediated disulfide formation of active site thiols in PKC-zeta as the disulfide reducing agent DTT and/or the thioredoxin enzyme system restore PKC-zeta catalytic activity and (2) NO causes oxidation of endogenous thioredoxin as exogenous reduced thioredoxin or thioredoxin reductase are required to reduce thioredoxin and to restore the catalytic activity of PKC-zeta in PAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriina Kahlos
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, USA
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Abstract
Oxido-reductive stress is a crucial factor of the tissue response during ischemia-reoxygenation injuries. Reperfusion affects primarily the microvasculature in a manner consistent with an acute inflammatory reaction. In this respect, the salient data suggest an important connection between endothelial cell-derived humoral mediators and the perivascular mast cell system. Increased endothelin-1 and decreased nitric oxide formation, mast cell degranulation and leukocyte accumulation coexist in gastrointestinal ischemia-reperfusion syndromes too. Constitutively produced nitric oxide inhibits, while increasingly formed endothelin-1 significantly enhances the degranulation of the intestinal mast cells. The endothelin-A receptor-dependent mast cell degranulation per se plays a secondary role in reperfusion-induced structural injury, but contributes significantly to leukocyte recruitment into the reperfused intestinal mucosa. It is conceivable therefore, that the nitric oxide--endothelin-1--mast cell cycle is involved in the mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion-induced endothelial cell-leukocyte interactions, where mast cells act to amplify the process of leukocyte sequestration. The alteration in the balance between endothelial cell-derived proadhesive vasoconstrictor and antiadhesive vasodilator factors exerts a significant influence on the mucosal integrity, and the antagonism of endothelin-A receptor activation in this setting tips the equilibrium toward tissue salvage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boros
- Institute of Surgical Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Terao H, Asano K, Kanai KI, Kyo Y, Watanabe S, Hisamitsu T, Suzaki H. Suppressive activity of macrolide antibiotics on nitric oxide production by lipopolysaccharide stimulation in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2004; 12:195-202. [PMID: 14514469 PMCID: PMC1781621 DOI: 10.1080/09629350310001599620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Low-dose and long-term administration of macrolide antibiotics into patients with chronic airway inflammatory diseases could favorably modify their clinical conditions. However, the therapeutic mode of action of macrolides is not well understood. Free oxygen radicals, including nitric oxide (NO), are well recognized as the important final effector molecules in the development and the maintenance of inflammatory diseases. PURPOSE: The influence of macrolide antibiotics on NO generation was examined in vivo. METHODS: Male ICR mice, 5 weeks of age, were orally administered with either roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin or josamycin once a day for 2-4 weeks. The mice were then injected intraperitoneally with 5.0 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the plasma NO level was examined 6 h later. RESULTS: Although pre-treatment of mice with macrolide antibiotics for 2 weeks scarcely affected NO generation by LPS injection, the administration of macrolide antibiotics, except for josamycin, for 4 weeks significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO generation. The data in the present study also showed that pre-treatment of mice with macrolide antibiotics for 4 weeks significantly suppresses not only production of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but also inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expressions, which are enhanced by LPS injection. CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest that suppressive activity of macrolide antibiotics on NO generation in response to LPS stimulation in vivo may, in part, account for the clinical efficacy of macrolides on chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Terao
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Soop A, Albert J, Weitzberg E, Bengtsson A, Nilsson CG, Sollevi A. Nicotinamide does not influence cytokines or exhaled NO in human experimental endotoxaemia. Clin Exp Immunol 2004; 135:114-8. [PMID: 14678271 PMCID: PMC1808926 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the hypothesis that nicotinamide could attenuate endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses in humans as indicated by levels of cytokines and nitric oxide. Ten healthy male volunteers participated in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over design with regard to the effects of nicotinamide. The volunteers received orally 4 g nicotinamide or placebo at 14 h and at 2 h preceding the experiment (total dose of 8 g). Endotoxin (E. coli, 2 ng/kg), was administered intravenously. Blood samples and haemodynamic data were collected prior to and up to 6 h after the endotoxin infusion. Orally exhaled NO was measured hourly. Following endotoxin, body temperature increased from baseline 36.3 +/- 0.09 degrees C to a maximum of 38.0 +/- 0.1 degrees C for all (mean +/- SEM, P < 0.001) and heart rate increased from 59 +/- 1.9 to 87.0 +/- 2.6 beats/min after 3 h (mean +/- SEM, P < 0.001). Endotoxin challenge also markedly elevated the TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 concentrations (P < 0.001 versus baseline for all) during the study period. Orally exhaled NO also increased (P < 0.01) compared to baseline. Nicotinamide treatment did not influence the patterns of cytokine and NO response to endotoxin. In conclusion, there was no effect on the inflammatory parameters by oral nicotinamide at a dose of 8 g, limiting the potential use of this agent for anti-inflammatory purpose in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soop
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Centre for Surgical Sciences, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Vollmar B, Menger MD. Microcirculatory dysfunction in acute pancreatitis. A new concept of pathogenesis involving vasomotion-associated arteriolar constriction and dilation. Pancreatology 2004; 3:181-90. [PMID: 12817573 DOI: 10.1159/000070727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Vollmar
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, Germany.
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Bohm-Starke N, Falconer C, Rylander E, Hilliges M. The expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase indicates no active inflammation in vulvar vestibulitis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2003. [DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2001.800709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bannerman DD, Goldblum SE. Mechanisms of bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial apoptosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003; 284:L899-914. [PMID: 12736186 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00338.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterial sepsis remains a common, life-threatening event. The prognosis for patients who develop sepsis-related complications, including the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), remains poor. A common finding among patients and experimental animals with sepsis and ARDS is endothelial injury and/or dysfunction. A component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of much of the endothelial cell injury and/or dysfunction associated with these disease states. LPS is a highly proinflammatory molecule that elicits a wide array of endothelial responses, including the upregulation of cytokines, adhesion molecules, and tissue factor. In addition to activation, LPS induces endothelial cell death that is apoptotic in nature. This review summarizes the evidence for LPS-induced vascular endothelial injury and examines the molecular signaling pathways that activate and inhibit LPS-induced endothelial apoptosis. Furthermore, the role of apoptotic signaling molecules in mediating LPS-induced activation of endothelial cells will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas D Bannerman
- Immunology and Disease Resistance Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Maryland 20705, USA.
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Epstein AL, Mizokami MM, Li J, Hu P, Khawli LA. Identification of a protein fragment of interleukin 2 responsible for vasopermeability. J Natl Cancer Inst 2003; 95:741-9. [PMID: 12759392 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/95.10.741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytokine interleukin 2 (IL-2) is involved in the activation of T cells and has been shown to play a central role in cancer immunotherapy. The full therapeutic potential of IL-2, however, has not been realized because of its dose-limiting systemic toxicity. We sought to identify a region of IL-2 that is responsible for the induction of vasopermeability (leaky tumor endothelium), a property associated with the toxicity of the molecule. METHODS Intact IL-2 or overlapping synthetic peptides of IL-2 that were chemically conjugated to tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies (TNT-1 or Lym-1) were injected into groups of mice (n = 4) that had previously been xenotransplanted with human tumor cells (ME-180 cervical carcinoma and Raji lymphoma). Two hours later, mice received intravenous injections of radiolabeled tracer antibody, and 3 days later they were subjected to biodistribution analysis to measure the ability of each immunoconjugate to enhance tumor uptake of the tracer antibody (i.e., vasopermeability activity). The cytokine activity of the immunoconjugates was determined by assaying their ability to promote the proliferation of a mouse IL-2-dependent cell line. RESULTS Pretreatment of mice with an antibody/IL-2 immunoconjugate resulted in an approximately fourfold increase in radiolabeled tracer antibody uptake in the xenograft tumor as compared with uptake in mice injected with antibody alone. One synthetic fragment consisting of amino acids 22-58 contained 100% of the vasopermeability activity of IL-2 and was designated permeability-enhancing peptide (PEP). PEP had vasopermeability activity only when conjugated to a tumor-targeting antibody, had maximal activity as a dimer, and was devoid of cytokine activity. CONCLUSIONS The identification of PEP should aid in the discovery of ways to decrease the toxicity of IL-2. Moreover, PEP is a promising candidate for the generation of agents that can enhance the delivery of antibodies and drugs to tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Epstein
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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