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Kamal MM, El-Abhar HS, Abdallah DM, Ahmed KA, Aly NES, Rabie MA. Mirabegron, dependent on β3-adrenergic receptor, alleviates mercuric chloride-induced kidney injury by reversing the impact on the inflammatory network, M1/M2 macrophages, and claudin-2. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111289. [PMID: 38016347 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonism mirabegron is used to treat overactive urinary bladder syndrome; however, its role against acute kidney injury (AKI) is not unveiled, hence, we aim to repurpose mirabegron in the treatment of mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced AKI. Rats were allocated into normal, normal + mirabegron, HgCl2 untreated, HgCl2 + mirabegron, and HgCl2 + the β3-AR blocker SR59230A + mirabegron. The latter increased the mRNA of β3-AR and miR-127 besides downregulating NF-κB p65 protein expression and the contents of its downstream targets iNOS, IL-4, -13, and -17 but increased that of IL-10 to attest its anti-inflammatory capacity. Besides, mirabegron downregulated the protein expression of STAT-6, PI3K, and ERK1/2, the downstream targets of the above cytokines. Additionally, it enhanced the transcription factor PPAR-α but turned off the harmful hub HNF-4α/HNF-1α and the lipid peroxide marker MDA. Mirabegron also downregulated the CD-163 protein expression, which besides the inhibited correlated cytokines of M1 (NF-κB p65, iNOS, IL-17) and M2 (IL-4, IL-13, CD163, STAT6, ERK1/2), inactivated the macrophage phenotypes. The crosstalk between these parameters was echoed in the maintenance of claudin-2, kidney function-related early (cystatin-C, KIM-1, NGAL), and late (creatinine, BUN) injury markers, besides recovering the microscopic structures. Nonetheless, the pre-administration of SR59230A has nullified the beneficial effects of mirabegron on the aforementioned parameters. Here we verified that mirabegron can berepurposedto treat HgCl2-induced AKI by activating the β3-AR. Mirabegron signified its effect by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and the activated M1/M2 macrophages, events that preserved the proximal tubular tight junction claudin-2 via the intersection of several trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Kamal
- Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt (FUE), 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalaal M Abdallah
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nour Eldin S Aly
- Research Institute of Medical Entomology, General Organization for Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Rabie
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University (ECU), 19346, Egypt
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Cone AL, Wu KK, Kravitz AV, Norris AJ. Kappa opioid receptor activation increases thermogenic energy expenditure which drives increased feeding. iScience 2023; 26:107241. [PMID: 37485355 PMCID: PMC10362357 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid receptors, including the kappa opioid receptor (KOR), exert control over thermoregulation and feeding behavior. Notably, activation of KOR stimulates food intake, leading to postulation that KOR signaling plays a central role in managing energy intake. KOR has also been proposed as a target for treating obesity. Herein, we report studies examining how roles for KOR signaling in regulating thermogenesis, feeding, and energy balance may be interrelated using pharmacological interventions, genetic tools, quantitative thermal imaging, and metabolic profiling. Our findings demonstrate that activation of KOR in the central nervous system causes increased energy expenditure via brown adipose tissue activation. Importantly, pharmacologic, or genetic inhibition of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis prevented the elevated food intake triggered by KOR activation. Furthermore, our data reveal that KOR-mediated thermogenesis elevation is reversibly disrupted by chronic high-fat diet, implicating KOR signaling as a potential mediator in high-fat diet-induced weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L. Cone
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kenny K. Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexxai V. Kravitz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron J. Norris
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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3
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Mota CM, Madden CJ. Neural circuits mediating circulating interleukin-1β-evoked fever in the absence of prostaglandin E2 production. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 103:109-121. [PMID: 35429606 PMCID: PMC9524517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases and inflammatory conditions recruit the immune system to mount an appropriate acute response that includes the production of cytokines. Cytokines evoke neurally-mediated responses to fight pathogens, such as the recruitment of thermoeffectors, thereby increasing body temperature and leading to fever. Studies suggest that the cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) depends upon cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated prostaglandin E2 production for the induction of neural mechanisms to elicit fever. However, COX inhibitors do not eliminate IL-1β-induced fever, thus suggesting that COX-dependent and COX-independent mechanisms are recruited for increasing body temperature after peripheral administration of IL-1β. In the present study, we aimed to build a foundation for the neural circuit(s) controlling COX-independent, inflammatory fever by determining the involvement of brain areas that are critical for controlling the sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the cutaneous vasculature. In anesthetized rats, pretreatment with indomethacin, a non-selective COX inhibitor, did not prevent BAT thermogenesis or cutaneous vasoconstriction (CVC) induced by intravenous IL-1β (2 µg/kg). BAT and cutaneous vasculature sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus area (rRPa) are required for IL-1β-evoked BAT thermogenesis and CVC, with or without pretreatment with indomethacin. Additionally, activation of glutamate receptors in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) is required for COX-independent, IL-1β-induced BAT thermogenesis. Therefore, our data suggests that COX-independent mechanisms elicit activation of neurons within the DMH and rRPa, which is sufficient to trigger and mount inflammatory fever. These data provide a foundation for elucidating the brain circuits responsible for COX-independent, IL-1β-elicited fevers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher J. Madden
- Corresponding author at: Dept. of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, United States. (C.J. Madden)
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van Amsterdam J, Brunt TM, Pierce M, van den Brink W. Hard Boiled: Alcohol Use as a Risk Factor for MDMA-Induced Hyperthermia: a Systematic Review. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2120-2133. [PMID: 34554408 PMCID: PMC8639540 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00416-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although MDMA (ecstasy) is a relatively safe recreational drug and is currently considered for therapeutic use for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), recreational MDMA use occasionally elicits hyperthermia and hyponatremia, sometimes with a fatal outcome. Specific risk factors for both adverse effects are profuse sweating while vigorously dancing under unfavorable conditions such as high ambient temperatures and insufficient fluid suppletion which result in dehydration. Concomitant use of MDMA and alcohol is highly prevalent, but adds to the existing risk, because alcohol facilitates the emergence of MDMA-induced adverse events, like hyperthermia, dehydration, and hyponatremia. Because of potential health-related consequences of concomitant use of MDMA and alcohol, it is important to identify the mechanisms of the interactions between alcohol and MDMA. This review summarizes the main drivers of MDMA-induced hyperthermia, dehydration, and hyponatremia and the role of concomitant alcohol use. It is shown that alcohol use has a profound negative impact by its interaction with most of these drivers, including poikilothermia, exposure to high ambient temperatures, heavy exercise (vigorous dancing), vasoconstriction, dehydration, and delayed initiation of sweating and diuresis. It is concluded that recreational and clinical MDMA-users should refrain from concomitant drinking of alcoholic beverages to reduce the risk for adverse health incidents when using MDMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan van Amsterdam
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Tibor M Brunt
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mimi Pierce
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Yang B, Crowley SD. Polycystic kidney disease strikes a nerve. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15078. [PMID: 34665519 PMCID: PMC8525322 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Division of Nephrology & EndocrinologyDepartment of Internal MedicineNaval Medical Center of PLASecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Steven D. Crowley
- Division of NephrologyDepartments of MedicineDurham VA and Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
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Docherty JR, Alsufyani HA. Pharmacology of Drugs Used as Stimulants. J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 61 Suppl 2:S53-S69. [PMID: 34396557 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Psychostimulant, cardiovascular, and temperature actions of stimulants involve adrenergic (norepinephrine), dopaminergic (dopamine), and serotonergic (serotonin) pathways. Stimulants such as amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), or mephedrone can act on the neuronal membrane monoamine transporters NET, DAT, and SERT and/or the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 to inhibit reuptake of neurotransmitter or cause release by reverse transport. Stimulants may have additional effects involving pre- and postsynaptic/junctional receptors for norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin and other receptors. As a result, stimulants may have a wide range of possible actions. Agents with cocaine or MDMA-like actions can induce serious and potentially fatal adverse events via thermodysregulatory, cardiovascular, or other mechanisms. MDMA-like stimulants may cause hyperthermia that can be life threathening. Recreational users of stimulants should be aware of the dangers of hyperthermia in a rave/club environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadeel A Alsufyani
- Department of Physiology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Adachi A, Honda T, Dainichi T, Egawa G, Yamamoto Y, Nomura T, Nakajima S, Otsuka A, Maekawa M, Mano N, Koyanagi N, Kawaguchi Y, Ohteki T, Nagasawa T, Ikuta K, Kitoh A, Kabashima K. Prolonged high-intensity exercise induces fluctuating immune responses to herpes simplex virus infection via glucocorticoids. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:1575-1588.e7. [PMID: 33965431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies have yielded conflicting results regarding the influence of a single bout of prolonged high-intensity exercise on viral infection. OBJECTIVE We sought to learn whether prolonged high-intensity exercise either exacerbates or ameliorates herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection according to the interval between virus exposure and exercise. METHODS Mice were intravaginally infected with HSV-2 and exposed to run on the treadmill. RESULTS Prolonged high-intensity exercise 17 hours after infection impaired the clearance of HSV-2, while exercise 8 hours after infection enhanced the clearance of HSV-2. These impaired or enhanced immune responses were related to a transient decrease or increase in the number of blood-circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Exercise-induced glucocorticoids transiently decreased the number of circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells by facilitating their homing to the bone marrow via the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis, which led to their subsequent increase in the blood. CONCLUSION A single bout of prolonged high-intensity exercise can be either deleterious or beneficial to antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimasa Adachi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
| | - Teruki Dainichi
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saeko Nakajima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoto Koyanagi
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Ikuta
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, the Department of Virus Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitoh
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Biopolis, Singapore.
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8
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Docherty JR, Alsufyani HA. Cardiovascular and temperature adverse actions of stimulants. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2551-2568. [PMID: 33786822 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of illicit stimulants act at monoaminergic systems, causing both psychostimulant and adverse effects. Stimulants can interact as substrates or antagonists at the nerve terminal monoamine transporter that mediates the reuptake of monoamines across the nerve synaptic membrane and at the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT-2) that mediates storage of monoamines in vesicles. Stimulants can act directly at presynaptic or postsynaptic receptors for monoamines or have indirect monoamine-mimetic actions due to the release of monoamines. Cocaine and other stimulants can acutely increase the risk of sudden cardiac death. Stimulants, particularly MDMA, in hot conditions, such as that occurring at a "rave," have caused fatalities from the consequences of hyperthermia, often compounding cardiac adverse actions. This review examines the pharmacology of the cardiovascular and temperature adverse actions of stimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Docherty
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hadeel A Alsufyani
- Department of Physiology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Inserra A, De Gregorio D, Gobbi G. Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanisms. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:202-277. [PMID: 33328244 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests safety and efficacy of psychedelic compounds as potential novel therapeutics in psychiatry. Ketamine has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in a new class of antidepressants, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is undergoing phase III clinical trials for post-traumatic stress disorder. Psilocybin and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are being investigated in several phase II and phase I clinical trials. Hence, the concept of psychedelics as therapeutics may be incorporated into modern society. Here, we discuss the main known neurobiological therapeutic mechanisms of psychedelics, which are thought to be mediated by the effects of these compounds on the serotonergic (via 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors) and glutamatergic [via N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors] systems. We focus on 1) neuroplasticity mediated by the modulation of mammalian target of rapamycin-, brain-derived neurotrophic factor-, and early growth response-related pathways; 2) immunomodulation via effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, nuclear factor ĸB, and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 1, 6, and 10 production and release; and 3) modulation of serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and norepinephrinergic receptors, transporters, and turnover systems. We discuss arising concerns and ways to assess potential neurobiological changes, dependence, and immunosuppression. Although larger cohorts are required to corroborate preliminary findings, the results obtained so far are promising and represent a critical opportunity for improvement of pharmacotherapies in psychiatry, an area that has seen limited therapeutic advancement in the last 20 years. Studies are underway that are trying to decouple the psychedelic effects from the therapeutic effects of these compounds. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Psychedelic compounds are emerging as potential novel therapeutics in psychiatry. However, understanding of molecular mechanisms mediating improvement remains limited. This paper reviews the available evidence concerning the effects of psychedelic compounds on pathways that modulate neuroplasticity, immunity, and neurotransmitter systems. This work aims to be a reference for psychiatrists who may soon be faced with the possibility of prescribing psychedelic compounds as medications, helping them assess which compound(s) and regimen could be most useful for decreasing specific psychiatric symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Inserra
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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10
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Pini A, Fazi C, Nardini P, Calvani M, Fabbri S, Guerrini A, Forni G, La Marca G, Rosa AC, Filippi L. Effect of Beta 3 Adrenoreceptor Modulation on Patency of the Ductus Arteriosus. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122625. [PMID: 33297453 PMCID: PMC7762377 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
β3-adrenoreceptor (β3-AR), a G-protein coupled receptor, has peculiar regulatory properties in response to oxygen and widespread localization. β3-AR is expressed in the most frequent neoplasms, also occurring in pregnant women, and its blockade reduces tumor growth, indicating β3-AR-blockers as a promising alternative to antineoplastic drugs during pregnancy. However, β3-AR involvement in prenatal morphogenesis and the consequences of its blockade for the fetus remain unknown. In this study, after the demonstrated expression of β3-AR in endothelial and smooth muscle cells of ductus arteriosus (DA), C57BL/6 pregnant mice were acutely treated at 18.5 of gestational day (GD) with indomethacin or with the selective β3-AR antagonist SR59230A, or chronically exposed to SR59230A from 15.5 to 18.5 GD. Six hours after the last treatment, fetuses were collected. Furthermore, newborn mice were treated straight after birth with BRL37344, a β3-AR agonist, and sacrificed after 7 h. SR59230A, at the doses demonstrated effective in reducing cancer progression (10 and 20 mg/kg) in acute and chronic mode, did not induce fetal DA constriction and did not impair the DA ability to close after birth, whereas at the highest dose (40 mg/kg), it was shown to cause DA constriction and preterm-delivery. BRL37344 administered immediately after birth did not alter the physiological DA closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.F.); Tel.: +39-0552758155 (A.P.); +39-050993677 (L.F)
| | - Camilla Fazi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Nardini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Maura Calvani
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, A. Meyer University Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Sergio Fabbri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Guerrini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy;
| | - Giulia Forni
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pediatric Neurosciences, “A. Meyer” University Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (G.F.); (G.L.M.)
| | - Giancarlo La Marca
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pediatric Neurosciences, “A. Meyer” University Children’s Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy; (G.F.); (G.L.M.)
| | - Arianna Carolina Rosa
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Luca Filippi
- Division of Neonatology and NICU, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (L.F.); Tel.: +39-0552758155 (A.P.); +39-050993677 (L.F)
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11
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Eskilsson A, Shionoya K, Enerbäck S, Engblom D, Blomqvist A. The generation of immune-induced fever and emotional stress-induced hyperthermia in mice does not involve brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. FASEB J 2020; 34:5863-5876. [PMID: 32144818 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902945r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We examined the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) for fever and emotional stress-induced hyperthermia. Wild-type and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) knockout mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneally or intravenously, or subjected to cage exchange, and body temperature monitored by telemetry. Both genotypes showed similar febrile responses to immune challenge and both displayed hyperthermia to emotional stress. Neither procedure resulted in the activation of BAT, such as the induction of UCP-1 or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) mRNA, or reduced BAT weight and triglyceride content. In contrast, in mice injected with a β3 agonist, UCP-1 and PGC-1α were strongly induced, and BAT weight and triglyceride content reduced. Both lipopolysaccharide and the β3 agonist, and emotional stress, induced UCP-3 mRNA in skeletal muscle. A β3 antagonist did not attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced fever, but augmented body temperature decrease and inhibited BAT activation when mice were exposed to cold. An α1 /α2b antagonist or a 5HT1A agonist, which inhibit vasoconstriction, abolished lipopolysaccharide-induced fever, but had no effect on emotional stress-induced hyperthermia. These findings demonstrate that in mice, UCP-1-mediated BAT thermogenesis does not take part in inflammation-induced fever, which is dependent on peripheral vasoconstriction, nor in stress-induced hyperthermia. However, both phenomena may involve UCP-3-mediated muscle thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eskilsson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kiseko Shionoya
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sven Enerbäck
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Engblom
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Blomqvist
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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12
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Aguilar MA, García-Pardo MP, Parrott AC. Of mice and men on MDMA: A translational comparison of the neuropsychobiological effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ('Ecstasy'). Brain Res 2020; 1727:146556. [PMID: 31734398 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MDMA (3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine), also known as Ecstasy, is a stimulant drug recreationally used by young adults usually in dance clubs and raves. Acute MDMA administration increases serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline by reversing the action of the monoamine transporters. In this work, we review the studies carried out over the last 30 years on the neuropsychobiological effects of MDMA in humans and mice and summarise the current knowledge. The two species differ with respect to the neurochemical consequences of chronic MDMA, since it preferentially induces serotonergic dysfunction in humans and dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice. However, MDMA alters brain structure and function and induces hormonal, psychomotor, neurocognitive, psychosocial and psychiatric outcomes in both species, as well as physically damaging and teratogen effects. Pharmacological and genetic studies in mice have increased our knowledge of the neurochemical substrate of the multiple effects of MDMA. Future work in this area may contribute to developing pharmacological treatments for MDMA-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Aguilar
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Andrew C Parrott
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Shokry IM, Shields CJ, Callanan JJ, Ma Z, Tao R. Differential role of dose and environment in initiating and intensifying neurotoxicity caused by MDMA in rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:47. [PMID: 31383036 PMCID: PMC6683525 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MDMA causes serotonin (5-HT) syndrome immediately after administration and serotonergic injury in a few days or weeks. However, a serotonin syndrome is not always followed by serotonergic injury, indicating different mechanisms responsible for two adverse effects. The goal of present study was to determine causes for two adverse events and further test that dose and environment have a differential role in initiating and intensifying MDMA neurotoxicity. METHODS Initiation and intensification were examined by comparing neurotoxic effects of a high-dose (10 mg/kg × 3 at 2 h intervals) with a low-dose (2 mg/kg × 3) under controlled-environmental conditions. Initiation of a serotonin syndrome was estimated by measuring extracellular 5-HT, body-core temperature, electroencephalogram and MDMA concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid, while intensification determined in rats examined under modified environment. Initiation and intensification of the serotonergic injury were assessed in rats by measuring tissue 5-HT content, SERT density and functional integrity of serotonergic retrograde transportation. RESULTS Both low- and high-dose could cause increases in extracellular 5-HT to elicit a serotonin syndrome at the same intensity. Modification of environmental conditions, which had no impact on MDMA-elicited increases in 5-HT levels, markedly intensified the syndrome intensity. Although either dose would cause the severe syndrome under modified environments, only the high-dose that resulted in high MDMA concentrations in the brain could cause serotonergic injury. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that extracellular 5-HT is the cause of a syndrome and activity of postsynaptic receptors critical for the course of syndrome intensification. Although the high-dose has the potential to initiate serotonergic injury due to high MDMA concentrations present in the brain, whether an injury is observed depends upon the drug environment via the levels of reactive oxygen species generated. This suggests that brain MDMA concentration is the determinant in the injury initiation while reactive oxygen species generation associated with the injury intensification. It is concluded that the two adverse events utilize distinctly different mediating molecules during the toxic initiation and intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M. Shokry
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Connor J. Shields
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
| | - John J. Callanan
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
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14
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Chen S, Mei X, Yin A, Yin H, Cui XB, Chen SY. Response gene to complement 32 suppresses adipose tissue thermogenic genes through inhibiting β3-adrenergic receptor/mTORC1 signaling. FASEB J 2018; 32:4836-4847. [PMID: 29579398 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701508r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that response gene to complement (RGC)-32 deficiency (Rgc32-/-) protects mice from diet-induced obesity and increases thermogenic gene expression in adipose tissues. However, the underlying mechanisms by which RGC-32 regulates thermogenic gene expression remain to be determined. In the present study, RGC-32 expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) was suppressed during cold exposure-induced WAT browning. Rgc32-/- significantly increased thermogenic gene expression in the differentiated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of inguinal (i)WAT and interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT). Rgc32-/- and cold exposure regulated a common set of genes in iWAT, as shown by RNA sequencing data. Pathway enrichment analyses showed that Rgc32-/- down-regulated PI3K/Akt signaling-related genes. Akt phosphorylation was also consistently decreased in Rgc32-/- iWAT, which led to an increase in β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) expression and subsequent activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)-1. β3-AR antagonist SR 59230A and mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin blocked Rgc32-/--induced thermogenic gene expression in both iWAT and interscapular BAT. These results indicate that RGC-32 suppresses adipose tissue thermogenic gene expression through down-regulation of β3-AR expression and mTORC1 activity via a PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanism.-Chen, S., Mei, X., Yin, A., Yin, H., Cui, X.-B., Chen, S.-Y. Response gene to complement 32 suppresses adipose tissue thermogenic genes through inhibiting β3-adrenergic receptor/mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaohan Mei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amelia Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; and.,Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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15
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Abstract
Cold exposure and a variety of types of mild stress increase pain in patients with painful disorders such as fibromyalgia syndrome. Acutely, stress induces thermogenesis by increasing sympathetic activation of beta-3 (β3) adrenergic receptors in brown adipose tissue. Chronic stress leads to the hypertrophy of brown adipose, a phenomenon termed adaptive thermogenesis. Based on the innervation of skeletal muscle by collaterals of nerves projecting to brown adipose, we theorized an association between brown adipose tissue activity and musculoskeletal hyperalgesia and tested this hypothesis in mice. Exposure to a cold swim or injection of BRL37344 (β3 adrenergic agonist) each enhanced musculoskeletal hyperalgesia, as indicated by morphine-sensitive decreases in grip force responses, whereas SR59230A (β3 adrenergic antagonist) attenuated swim-induced hyperalgesia. Chemical ablation of interscapular brown adipose, using Rose Bengal, attenuated the development of hyperalgesia in response to either swim stress or BRL37344. In addition, elimination of the gene expressing uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), the enzyme responsible for thermogenesis, prevented musculoskeletal hyperalgesia in response to either a swim or BRL37344, as documented in UCP1-knockout (UCP1-KO) mice compared with wild-type controls. Together, these data provide a convergence of evidence suggesting that activation of brown adipose contributes to stress-induced musculoskeletal hyperalgesia.
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16
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Alsufyani HA, Docherty JR. Gender differences in the effects of cathinone and the interaction with caffeine on temperature and locomotor activity in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 809:203-208. [PMID: 28529142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated gender differences in the effects of cathinone and the interaction with caffeine on temperature and movement activity in Wistar rats. Telemetry probes were implanted in rats under isoflurane anaesthesia, and 7 days later, temperature and activity were recorded in conscious unrestrained animals. Caffeine (10mg/lkg) or vehicle, and 30min later, cathinone (5mg/kg) or vehicle, were injected subcutaneously. Cathinone produced significant and marked increases in activity, and the response to cathinone was significantly greater in female animals. The combination of caffeine and cathinone causes a short lived potentiation followed by a prolonged inhibition of the activity response to cathinone. Cathinone alone had minor effects on temperature. However, the combination of caffeine and cathinone produced a significant acute rise in temperature only in male rats in the 90min after cathinone injection. Hence, cathinone caused greater increases in activity in female than in male rats. Secondly, caffeine produced an initial potentiation followed by a prolonged inhibition of the activity response to cathinone. Thirdly, cathinone in combination with caffeine significantly raised temperature acutely in male but not female rats. These differences highlight the need to carry out gender studies of the actions of stimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A Alsufyani
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Physiology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - James R Docherty
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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17
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Sipe LM, Yang C, Ephrem J, Garren E, Hirsh J, Deppmann CD. Differential sympathetic outflow to adipose depots is required for visceral fat loss in response to calorie restriction. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e260. [PMID: 28394360 PMCID: PMC5436093 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates energy homeostasis in part by governing fatty acid liberation from adipose tissue. We first examined whether SNS activity toward discrete adipose depots changes in response to a weight loss diet in mice. We found that SNS activity toward each adipose depot is unique in timing, pattern of activation, and habituation with the most dramatic contrast between visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots. Sympathetic drive toward visceral epididymal adipose is more than doubled early in weight loss and then suppressed later in the diet when weight loss plateaued. Coincident with the decline in SNS activity toward visceral adipose is an increase in activity toward subcutaneous depots indicating a switch in lipolytic sources. In response to calorie restriction, SNS activity toward retroperitoneal and brown adipose depots is unaffected. Finally, pharmacological blockage of sympathetic activity on adipose tissue using the β3-adrenergic receptor antagonist, SR59230a, suppressed loss of visceral adipose mass in response to diet. These findings indicate that SNS activity toward discrete adipose depots is dynamic and potentially hierarchical. This pattern of sympathetic activation is required for energy liberation and loss of adipose tissue in response to calorie-restricted diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Sipe
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - C Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J Ephrem
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - E Garren
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - J Hirsh
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - C D Deppmann
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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18
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Abstract
Evidence suggests that light and circadian rhythms profoundly influence the physiologic capacity with which an organism responds to stress. However, the ramifications of light spectrum on the course of critical illness remain to be determined. Here, we show that acute exposure to bright blue spectrum light reduces organ injury by comparison with bright red spectrum or ambient white fluorescent light in two murine models of sterile insult: warm liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and unilateral renal I/R. Exposure to bright blue light before I/R reduced hepatocellular injury and necrosis and reduced acute kidney injury and necrosis. In both models, blue light reduced neutrophil influx, as evidenced by reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) within each organ, and reduced the release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a neutrophil chemotactant and key mediator in the pathogenesis of I/R injury. The protective mechanism appeared to involve an optic pathway and was mediated, in part, by a sympathetic (β3 adrenergic) pathway that functioned independent of significant alterations in melatonin or corticosterone concentrations to regulate neutrophil recruitment. These data suggest that modifying the spectrum of light may offer therapeutic utility in sterile forms of cellular injury.
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19
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Boga A, Sertdemir Y, Dogan A. Evaluating the teratogenicity of the selective ß3-adrenoceptor agonist, CL 316.243 hydrate by employing FETAX (frog embryo teratogenesis assay). Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:7-12. [PMID: 27063898 DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2016.1165244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the frog embryo teratogenesis assay (FETAX - Xenopus) technique was employed to evaluate the potential teratogenicity of the selective ß-adrenoceptor (AR) agonist, CL 316.243. In this context, CL 316.243 was applied to the South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) embryos. The media containing the CL 316.24-exposed embryos were monitored and changed/replaced once every 24 hours. Using FETAX, we determined the minimum concentrations to inhibit growth (MCIG) for CL 316.243. The 96-hour no observable adverse effect concentration (NOAEC), the 96-hour lowest observable adverse effect concentration (LOAEC), the 96-hour EC50 (malformation) and the 96-hour LC50 (lethal concentration) for mortality and malformation could not be determined because the used concentrations did not affect viability or the presence of abnormalities. On the other hand, the MCIG of CL 316.243 was determined as 1 mg/L. Our results demonstrated that CL 316.243 administration was associated with no of teratogenic and toxic effects. However, from first concentration we used (1 to 5 mg/L) length of embryos reduced significantly (p < 0.001) when compared to control of Xenopus embryos. Further studies should be conducted with different concentrations in order to investigate the optimal concentrations for treating preterm labor with these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayper Boga
- a Department of Medical Physiology , University of Cukurova , Balcalı , Turkey and
| | - Yasar Sertdemir
- b Department of Biostatistics , Faculty of Medicine, University of Cukurova , Balcalı , Turkey
| | - Ayse Dogan
- a Department of Medical Physiology , University of Cukurova , Balcalı , Turkey and
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20
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Orozco-Solis R, Aguilar-Arnal L, Murakami M, Peruquetti R, Ramadori G, Coppari R, Sassone-Corsi P. The Circadian Clock in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Controls Cyclic Energy Expenditure. Cell Metab 2016; 23:467-78. [PMID: 26959185 PMCID: PMC5373494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organismal homeostasis relies on coherent interactions among tissues, specifically between brain-driven functions and peripheral metabolic organs. Hypothalamic circuits compute metabolic information to optimize energetic resources, but the role of the circadian clock in these pathways remains unclear. We have generated mice with targeted ablation of the core-clock gene Bmal1 within Sf1-neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH). While this mutation does not affect the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the VMH clock controls cyclic thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT), a tissue that governs energy balance by dissipating chemical energy as heat. VMH-driven control is exerted through increased adrenergic signaling within the sympathetic nervous system, without affecting the BAT's endogenous clock. Moreover, we show that the VMH circadian clock computes light and feeding inputs to modulate basal energy expenditure. Thus, we reveal a previously unsuspected circuit where an SCN-independent, hypothalamic circadian clock controls BAT function, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Orozco-Solis
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Unite 904 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lorena Aguilar-Arnal
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Unite 904 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mari Murakami
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Unite 904 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rita Peruquetti
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Unite 904 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Giorgio Ramadori
- CMU Departement Phyme, Universite de Geneve, rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Coppari
- CMU Departement Phyme, Universite de Geneve, rue Michel Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Unite 904 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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21
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Sheng LJ, Ruan CC, Ma Y, Chen DR, Kong LR, Zhu DL, Gao PJ. Beta3 adrenergic receptor is involved in vascular injury in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive mice. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:769-78. [PMID: 26910302 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Beta3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) mediates vessel relaxation in the endothelium while it modulates lipolysis in the adipose tissue. However, the function and regulation mechanism of ADRB3 in the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), especially in hypertension, is still unclear. We show that ADRB3 protein is upregulated in the PVAT of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt (DOCA-salt) hypertensive mice, with the characteristics of PVAT browning and increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. Inhibition of ADRB3 with selective antagonist SR59230A caused serious vascular injury in vivo, even though UCP1 expression was downregulated. ADRB3 protein was regulated by let-7b, which was decreased in the PVAT of the DOCA-salt group. These data reveal that ADRB3 in PVAT contributes to vascular function in the progression of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Ran Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension and Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Effect of beta-3 adrenoceptor stimulation on the levels of ApoA-I, PPARα, and PPARγ in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2015; 64:407-11. [PMID: 24979391 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The beta-3 adrenoceptor (β3-AR) protects against the progression of atherosclerosis. However, the specific mechanism of this antiatherosclerotic effect is still not clear. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the antiatherosclerotic effects of β3-AR. Thirty-six male homozygous apolipoprotein E-deficient mice and wild-type C57BL/6J mice were randomized into 6 treatment groups: wild-type, atherosclerotic model, atorvastatin, low-dose β3-AR agonist, high-dose β3-AR agonist, and β3-AR antagonist groups. The serum lipids, aortic-free cholesterol (FC), and cholesteryl ester (CE) concentrations were measured at the end of the treatments. The mRNA expression levels of liver apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein expression levels of apoA1, PPARα, and PPARγ in the liver were determined by western blot analysis. Treatment with β3-AR significantly increased the plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apoA-I, whereas the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased. The β3-AR agonist treatment markedly decreased both the FC and the CE concentrations in the aorta compared with the atherosclerotic model mice. The β3-AR agonist increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of apoA-I, PPARα, and PPARγ in the liver. This study demonstrates that long-term β3-AR activation can regulate lipid metabolic disorders and reduces the aortic FC and the CE concentrations. These effects may be related to apoA-I, PPARα, and PPARγ.
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23
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Alawi KM, Aubdool AA, Liang L, Wilde E, Vepa A, Psefteli MP, Brain SD, Keeble JE. The sympathetic nervous system is controlled by transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in the regulation of body temperature. FASEB J 2015; 29:4285-98. [PMID: 26136480 PMCID: PMC4650996 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-272526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is involved in sensory nerve nociceptive signaling. Recently, it has been discovered that TRPV1 receptors also regulate basal body temperature in multiple species from mice to humans. In the present study, we investigated whether TRPV1 modulates basal sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. C57BL6/J wild-type (WT) mice and TRPV1 knockout (KO) mice were implanted with radiotelemetry probes for measurement of core body temperature. AMG9810 (50 mg/kg) or vehicle (2% DMSO/5% Tween 80/10 ml/kg saline) was injected intraperitoneally. Adrenoceptor antagonists or vehicle (5 ml/kg saline) was injected subcutaneously. In WT mice, the TRPV1 antagonist, AMG9810, caused significant hyperthermia, associated with increased noradrenaline concentrations in brown adipose tissue. The hyperthermia was significantly attenuated by the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol, the mixed α-/β-adrenoceptor antagonist labetalol, and the α1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin. TRPV1 KO mice have a normal basal body temperature, indicative of developmental compensation. d-Amphetamine (potent sympathomimetic) caused hyperthermia in WT mice, which was reduced in TRPV1 KO mice, suggesting a decreased sympathetic drive in KOs. This study provides new evidence that TRPV1 controls thermoregulation upstream of the SNS, providing a potential therapeutic target for sympathetic hyperactivity thermoregulatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija M Alawi
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aisah A Aubdool
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lihuan Liang
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Wilde
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhinav Vepa
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Paraskevi Psefteli
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan D Brain
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie E Keeble
- *Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Centre of Excellence and Centre of Integrative Biomedicine, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Herndon JM, Cholanians AB, Lizarraga LE, Lau SS, Monks TJ. Catechol-o-methyltransferase and 3,4-({+/-})-methylenedioxymethamphetamine toxicity. Toxicol Sci 2014; 139:162-73. [PMID: 24591155 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of 3,4-(±)-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is necessary to elicit its neurotoxic effects. Perturbations in phase I and phase II hepatic enzymes can alter the neurotoxic profile of systemically administered MDMA. In particular, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) plays a critical role in determining the fraction of MDMA that is converted to potentially neurotoxic metabolites. Thus, cytochrome P450 mediated demethylenation of MDMA, or its N-demethylated metabolite, 3,4-(±)-methylenedioxyamphetamine, give rise to the catechols, N-methyl-α-methyldopamine and α-methyldopamine, respectively. Methylation of these catechols by COMT limits their oxidation and conjugation to glutathione, a process that ultimately gives rise to neurotoxic metabolites. We therefore determined the effects of modulating COMT, a critical enzyme involved in determining the fraction of MDMA that is converted to potentially neurotoxic metabolites, on MDMA-induced toxicity. Pharmacological inhibition of COMT in the rat potentiated MDMA-induced serotonin deficits and exacerbated the acute MDMA-induced hyperthermic response. Using a genetic mouse model of COMT deficiency, in which mice lack a functional COMT gene, such mice displayed greater reductions in dopamine concentrations relative to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Neither WT nor COMT deficient mice were susceptible to MDMA-induced decreases in serotonin concentrations. Interestingly, mice devoid of COMT were far more susceptible to the acute hyperthermic effects of MDMA, exhibiting greater increases in body temperature that ultimately resulted in death. Our findings support the view that COMT plays a pivotal role in determining the toxic response to MDMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Herndon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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25
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Okun E, Griffioen KJ, Sarah R, Wan R, Cong WN, De Cabo R, Montalvo AM, Levette A, Maudsley S, Martin B, Arumugam TV, Mattson MP. Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 modulate autonomic control of heart rate and energy metabolism. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 36:90-100. [PMID: 24145051 PMCID: PMC3947180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) are innate immune receptors typically activated by microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) during infection or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) as a result of tissue injury. Recent findings suggest that TLR2 and TLR4 signaling play important roles in developmental and adult neuroplasticity, and in learning and memory. In addition, activation of TLR2 and TLR4 worsens ischemic injury to the heart and brain in animal models of myocardial infarction and stroke. TLR activation is also implicated in thermoregulation and fever in response to infection. However, it is not known whether TLRs participate in the regulation of the sympathetic and/or parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Here we provide evidence that TLR2 and TLR4 influence autonomic regulation of heart rate (HR) body temperature and energy metabolism in mice. We show that mice lacking TLR2 or TLR4 exhibit reduced basal HR, which results from an increase of parasympathetic tone. In addition, thermoregulatory responses to stress are altered in TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- mice, and brown fat-dependent thermoregulation is altered in TLR4-/- mice. Moreover, TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- mice consume less food and exhibit a greater mass compared to wild type mice. Collectively, our findings suggest important roles for TLR2 and TLR4 in the ANS regulation of cardiovascular function, thermoregulation, and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Okun
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.
| | - Kathleen J. Griffioen
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rothman Sarah
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ruiqian Wan
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Wei-Na Cong
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rafael De Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Alejandro Martin Montalvo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Andrew Levette
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | | | - Mark P. Mattson
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Russell ST, Tisdale MJ. Role of β-adrenergic receptors in the oral activity of zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG). Endocrinology 2012; 153:4696-704. [PMID: 22903615 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is an adipokine with the potential as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study we show that human ZAG, which is a 41-kDa protein, when administered to ob/ob mice at 50 μg/d(-1) orally in the drinking water produced a progressive loss of body weight (5 g after 8 d treatment), together with a 0.5 C increase in rectal temperature and a 40% reduction in urinary excretion of glucose. There was also a 33% reduction in the area under the curve during an oral glucose tolerance test and an increased sensitivity to insulin. These results were similar to those after iv administration of ZAG. However, tryptic digestion was shown to inactivate ZAG. There was no evidence of human ZAG in the serum but a 2-fold elevation of murine ZAG, which was also observed in target tissues such as white adipose tissue. To determine whether the effect was due to interaction of the human ZAG with the β-adrenergic (β-AR) in the gastrointestinal tract before digestion, ZAG was coadministered to ob/ob mice together with propanolol (40 mg/kg(-1)), a nonspecific β-AR antagonist. The effect of ZAG on body weight, rectal temperature, urinary glucose excretion, improvement in glucose disposal, and increased insulin sensitivity were attenuated by propanolol, as was the increase in murine ZAG in the serum. These results suggest that oral administration of ZAG increases serum levels through interaction with a β-AR in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and gene expression studies showed this to be in the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven T Russell
- Department of Nutritional Biomedicine, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom.
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Lkhagvasuren B, Nakamura Y, Oka T, Sudo N, Nakamura K. Social defeat stress induces hyperthermia through activation of thermoregulatory sympathetic premotor neurons in the medullary raphe region. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 34:1442-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07863.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Docherty JR, Green AR. The role of monoamines in the changes in body temperature induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) and its derivatives. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:1029-44. [PMID: 20590597 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia is probably the most widely known acute adverse event that can follow ingestion of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) by recreational users. The effect of MDMA on body temperature is complex because the drug has actions on all three major monoamine neurotransmitters [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine and noradrenaline], both by amine release and by direct receptor activation. Hyperthermia and hypothermia can be induced in laboratory animals by MDMA, depending on the ambient temperature, and involve both central thermoregulation and peripheral changes in blood flow and thermogenesis. Acute 5-HT release is not directly responsible for hyperthermia, but 5-HT receptors are involved in modulating the hyperthermic response. Impairing 5-HT function with a neurotoxic dose of MDMA or p-chlorophenylalanine alters the subsequent MDMA-induced hyperthermic response. MDMA also releases dopamine, and evidence suggests that this transmitter is involved in both the hyperthermic and hypothermic effects of MDMA in rats. The noradrenergic system is also involved in the hyperthermic response to MDMA. MDMA activates central alpha(2A)-adrenoceptors and peripheral alpha(1)-adrenoceptors to produce cutaneous vasoconstriction to restrict heat loss, and beta(3)-adrenoceptors in brown adipose tissue to increase heat generation. The hyperthermia occurring in recreational users of MDMA can be fatal, but data reviewed here indicate that it is unlikely that any single pharmaceutical agent will be effective in reversing the hyperthermia, so careful body cooling remains the principal clinical approach. Crucially, educating recreational users about the potential dangers of hyperthermia and the control of ambient temperature should remain key approaches to prevent this potentially fatal problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Docherty
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland.
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Abstract
This themed section of BJP includes 11 reviews on the biology of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and the drug targets that these present, 21 research papers on the pharmacology of a range of GPCRs and Commentaries on four of the papers. Areas reviewed include molecular interactions, particular in respect of hetero-dimerisation between receptors and other membrane-located proteins and other key signalling molecules including cAMP and G12/13 proteins and recently de-orphanised receptors including the Neuromedins U & S and the Free Fatty Acid receptors FFA2 & FFA3. The research papers cover the pharmacology of a range of agents acting at GPCRs, including adrenoceptors, purinoceptors, 5HT, opioid, cannabinoid & PAR-2 receptors. A group of papers is concerned with the interesting and rapidly developing pharmacology of drugs acting at beta(2)-adrenoceptors. The reach of GPCRs is illustrated by the range of physiological systems and therapeutic applications involved, including pain, cancer, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, visual and respiratory and central nervous systems.
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30
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Docherty JR. Subtypes of functional alpha1-adrenoceptor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:405-17. [PMID: 19862476 PMCID: PMC11115521 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 09/11/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this review, subtypes of functional alpha1-adrenoceptor are discussed. These are cell membrane receptors, belonging to the seven-transmembrane-spanning G-protein-linked family of receptors, which respond to the physiological agonist noradrenaline. alpha1-Adrenoceptors can be divided into alpha1A-, alpha1B- and alpha1D-adrenoceptors, all of which mediate contractile responses involving Gq/11 and inositol phosphate turnover. A fourth alpha1-adrenoceptor, the alpha1L-, represents a functional phenotype of the alpha1A-adrenoceptor. alpha1-Adrenoceptor subtype knock-out mice have refined our knowledge of the functions of alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes, particuarly as subtype-selective agonists and antagonists are not available for all subtypes. alpha1-Adrenoceptors function as stimulatory receptors involved particularly in smooth muscle contraction, especially contraction of vascular smooth muscle, both in local vasoconstriction and in the control of blood pressure and temperature, and contraction of the prostate and bladder neck. Central actions are now being elucidated.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Pressure/physiology
- Body Temperature Regulation
- Drug Inverse Agonism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/metabolism
- Inositol Phosphates/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/classification
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/physiology
- Second Messenger Systems/physiology
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Docherty
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Bexis S, Docherty JR. Role of alpha 1- and beta 3-adrenoceptors in the modulation by SR59230A of the effects of MDMA on body temperature in the mouse. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:259-66. [PMID: 19422394 PMCID: PMC2795232 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have investigated the ability of the beta(3)-adrenoceptor antagonist 1-(2-ethylphenoxy)-3-[[(1S)-1,2,3,4,-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]amino]-(2S)-2-propanol hydrochloride (SR59230A) to affect the hyperthermia produced by methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in conscious mice and whether alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist actions are involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were implanted with temperature probes under anaesthesia, and allowed 2 week recovery. MDMA (20 mg x kg(-1)) was administered subcutaneously 30 min after vehicle or test antagonist and effects on body temperature monitored by telemetry. KEY RESULTS Following vehicle, MDMA produced a slowly developing hyperthermia, reaching a maximum increase of 1.8 degrees C at 130 min post injection. A low concentration of SR59230A (0.5 mg x kg(-1)) produced a small but significant attenuation of the slowly developing hyperthermia to MDMA. A high concentration of SR59230A (5 mg x kg(-1)) revealed a significant and marked early hypothermic reaction to MDMA, an effect that was mimicked by the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin. Functional and ligand binding studies revealed actions of SR59230A at alpha(1)-adrenoceptors. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 1-(2-ethylphenoxy)-3-[[(1S)-1,2,3,4,-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]amino]-(2S)-2-propanol hydrochloride in high concentrations modulates the hyperthermic actions of MDMA in mice in two ways: by blocking an early alpha(1)-adrenoceptor-mediated component to reveal a hypothermia, and by a small attenuation of the later hyperthermic component which may possibly be beta(3)-adrenoceptor-mediated (this seen with the low concentration of SR59230A). Hence, the major actions of SR59230A in modulating the actions of MDMA on temperature involve alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Bexis
- Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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