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Arumugam MK, Perumal SK, Rasineni K, Donohue TM, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Lipidomic Analysis of Liver Lipid Droplets after Chronic Alcohol Consumption with and without Betaine Supplementation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:462. [PMID: 36979154 PMCID: PMC10045066 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The earliest manifestation of alcohol-associated liver disease is hepatic steatosis, which is characterized by fat accumulation in specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). Our previous studies reported that alcohol consumption elevates the numbers and sizes of LDs in hepatocytes, which is attenuated by simultaneous treatment with the methyl group donor, betaine. Here, we examined changes in the hepatic lipidome with respect to LD size and dynamics in male Wistar rats fed for 6 weeks with control or ethanol-containing liquid diets that were supplemented with or without 10 mg betaine/mL. At the time of sacrifice, three hepatic LD fractions, LD1 (large droplets), LD2 (medium-sized droplets), and LD3 (small droplets) were isolated from each rat. Untargeted lipidomic analyses revealed that each LD fraction of ethanol-fed rats had higher phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, diacylglycerols, ceramides, and hexosylceramides compared with the corresponding fractions of pair-fed controls. Interestingly, the ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine (the two most abundant phospholipids on the LD surface) was lower in LD1 fraction compared with LD3 fraction, irrespective of treatment; however, this ratio was significantly lower in ethanol LD fractions compared with their respective control fractions. Betaine supplementation significantly attenuated the ethanol-induced lipidomic changes. These were mainly associated with the regulation of LD surface phospholipids, ceramides, and glycerolipid metabolism in different-sized LD fractions. In conclusion, our results show that ethanol-induced changes in the hepatic LD lipidome likely stabilizes larger-sized LDs during steatosis development. Furthermore, betaine supplementation could effectively reduce the size and dynamics of LDs to attenuate alcohol-associated hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Center for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Perumal
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Köhler N, Höring M, Czepukojc B, Rose TD, Buechler C, Kröhler T, Haybaeck J, Liebisch G, Pauling JK, Kessler SM, Kiemer AK. Kupffer cells are protective in alcoholic steatosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Smith CC, Sheedy DL, McEwen HP, Don AS, Kril JJ, Sutherland GT. Lipidome changes in alcohol-related brain damage. J Neurochem 2021; 160:271-282. [PMID: 34699608 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-related brain injury is characterized by cognitive deficits and brain atrophy with the prefrontal cortex particularly susceptible. White matter in the human brain is lipid rich and a major target of damage from chronic alcohol abuse; yet, there is sparse information on how these lipids are affected. Here, we used untargeted lipidomics as a discovery tool to describe these changes in the prefrontal, middle temporal, and visual cortices of human subjects with alcohol use disorder and controls. Significant changes to the lipidome, predominantly in the prefrontal and visual cortices, and differences between the white and grey matter of each brain region were identified. These effects include broad decreases to phospholipids and ceramide, decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreased sphingadiene backbones, and selective decreases in cholesteryl ester fatty acid chains. Our findings show that chronic alcohol abuse results in selective changes to the neurolipidome, which likely reflects both the directs effects on the brain and concurrent effects on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caine C Smith
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Donna L Sheedy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Holly P McEwen
- Centenery Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony S Don
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centenery Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jillian J Kril
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Greg T Sutherland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Arrb2 causes hepatic lipid metabolism disorder via AMPK pathway based on metabolomics in alcoholic fatty liver. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1213-1232. [PMID: 33871024 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) is an early form of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) that usually manifests as lipid synthesis abnormalities in hepatocytes. β-arrestin2 (Arrb2) is involved in multiple biological processes. The present study aimed to explore the role of Arrb2 in the regulation of lipid metabolism in AFL and the underlying mechanism and identify potential targets for the treatment of AFL. METHODS The expression of Arrb2 was detected in liver tissues obtained from AFL patients and Gao-binge AFL model mice. In addition, we specifically knocked down Arrb2 in AFL mouse liver in vivo and used Arrb2-siRNA or pEX3-Arrb2 to silence or overexpress Arrb2 in AML-12 cells in vitro to explore the functional role and underlying regulatory mechanism of Arrb2 in AFL. Finally, we investigated whether Arrb2 could cause changes in hepatic lipid metabolites, thereby leading to dysregulation of lipid metabolism based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. RESULTS Arrb2 was up-regulated in the livers of AFL patients and AFL mice. The in vivo and in vitro results confirmed that Arrb2 could induce lipid accumulation and metabolism disorders. Mechanistically, Arrb2 induced hepatic metabolism disorder via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. The results of LC-MS analysis revealed that hepatic lipid metabolites with the most significant differences were primary bile acids. CONCLUSIONS Arrb2 induces hepatic lipid metabolism disorders via AMPK pathway in AFL. On one hand, Arrb2 increases fatty acid synthesis. On the other hand, Arrb2 could increase the cholesterol synthesis, thereby leading to the up-regulation of primary bile acid levels.
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Locci E, Bazzano G, Chighine A, Locco F, Ferraro E, Demontis R, d'Aloja E. Forensic NMR metabolomics: one more arrow in the quiver. Metabolomics 2020; 16:118. [PMID: 33159593 PMCID: PMC7648736 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NMR metabolomics is increasingly used in forensics, due to the possibility of investigating both endogenous metabolic profiles and exogenous molecules that may help to describe metabolic patterns and their modifications associated to specific conditions of forensic interest. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to review the recent literature and depict the information provided by NMR metabolomics. Attention has been devoted to the identification of peculiar metabolic signatures and specific ante-mortem and post-mortem profiles or biomarkers related to different conditions of forensic concern, such as the identification of biological traces, the estimation of the time since death, and the exposure to drugs of abuse. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The results of the described studies highlight how forensics can benefit from NMR metabolomics by gaining additional information that may help to shed light in several forensic issues that still deserve to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Locci
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Legal Medicine Section, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bazzano
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alberto Chighine
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Locco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ernesto Ferraro
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Demontis
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ernesto d'Aloja
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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Grisi M, Conley GM, Rodriguez KJ, Riva E, Egli L, Moritz W, Lichtenberg J, Brugger J, Boero G. NMR microsystem for label-free characterization of 3D nanoliter microtissues. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18306. [PMID: 33110145 PMCID: PMC7758329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75480-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Performing chemical analysis at the nanoliter (nL) scale is of paramount importance for medicine, drug development, toxicology, and research. Despite the numerous methodologies available, a tool for obtaining chemical information non-invasively is still missing at this scale. Observer effects, sample destruction and complex preparatory procedures remain a necessary compromise. Among non-invasive spectroscopic techniques, one able to provide holistic and highly resolved chemical information in-vivo is nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). For its renowned informative power and ability to foster discoveries and life-saving applications, efficient NMR at microscopic scales is highly sought after, but so far technical limitations could not match the stringent necessities of microbiology, such as biocompatible handling, ease of use, and high throughput. Here we introduce a novel microsystem, which combines CMOS technology with 3D microfabrication, enabling nL NMR as a platform tool for non-invasive spectroscopy of organoids, 3D cell cultures, and early stage embryos. In this study we show its application to microlivers models simulating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, demonstrating detection of lipid metabolism dynamics in a time frame of 14 days based on 117 measurements of single 3D human liver microtissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Grisi
- Annaida Technologies SA, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Kyle J Rodriguez
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erika Riva
- Service de Gastro-Entérologie et D'hépatologie, CHUV, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen Brugger
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Boero
- Microsystems Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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7
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Albhaisi S, Sanyal AJ. Applying Non-Invasive Fibrosis Measurements in NAFLD/NASH: Progress to Date. Pharmaceut Med 2020; 33:451-463. [PMID: 31933238 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-019-00305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has now become a worldwide health issue due to the obesity epidemic, affecting approximately 90% of the obese population and 15-40% of the general population. It is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the United States. NAFLD constitutes a spectrum of diseases ranging in severity from mild, such as fatty liver, progressing into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), then fibrosis, and ending with cirrhosis. NASH and increasing fibrosis stage are associated with increased morbidity and mortality; the fibrosis stage is therefore a critical element of risk stratification needed to determine therapeutic approach and also the response to treatment. Liver biopsy is considered the 'gold standard' in the diagnosis of NAFLD. However, it is not practical for widespread clinical use because it is invasive, costly, and associated with complications including occasional death. These limitations have driven the development of noninvasive tests that can accurately predict the fibrosis stage in those with NAFLD. In this review, we provide a concise overview of different non-invasive measurements used for NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaya Albhaisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980102, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 980341, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Jeon S, Carr R. Alcohol effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:470-479. [PMID: 32029510 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r119000547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease with significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. ALD begins with simple hepatic steatosis and progresses to alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. The severity of hepatic steatosis is highly associated with the development of later stages of ALD. This review explores the disturbances of alcohol-induced hepatic lipid metabolism through altered hepatic lipid uptake, de novo lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation, hepatic lipid export, and lipid droplet formation and catabolism. In addition, we review emerging data on the contributions of genetics and bioactive lipid metabolism in alcohol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyoung Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rotonya Carr
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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9
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ten Hove M, Pater L, Storm G, Weiskirchen S, Weiskirchen R, Lammers T, Bansal R. The hepatic lipidome: From basic science to clinical translation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:180-197. [PMID: 32615143 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the key organ involved in lipid metabolism and transport. Excessive lipid accumulation due to dysregulated lipid metabolism predisposes the liver to steatosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Lipids are generally compartmentalized in specialized organelles called lipid droplets that enable cells to store and release lipids in a regulated manner. However, during flux-in and flux-out of droplets, lipids are converted into toxic species leading to lipid-mediated liver damage. Lipids are categorized into 'toxic' or 'healthy' lipids that are involved in liver disease pathogenesis or resolution, respectively. Lipidomic analysis have revealed unique lipid signature that correlates with the disease progression therefore being used for disease diagnosis. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview on hepatic lipid homeostasis, lipid compartmentalization mechanisms and lipidomic profiles in different liver diseases. We further discuss promising therapeutics targeting the hepatic lipidome including pro-resolving lipids, liposomes, and small-molecule inhibitors for the treatment of liver diseases.
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10
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Amiel A, Tremblay-Franco M, Gautier R, Ducheix S, Montagner A, Polizzi A, Debrauwer L, Guillou H, Bertrand-Michel J, Canlet C. Proton NMR Enables the Absolute Quantification of Aqueous Metabolites and Lipid Classes in Unique Mouse Liver Samples. Metabolites 2019; 10:metabo10010009. [PMID: 31877749 PMCID: PMC7023327 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic metabolites provide valuable information on the physiological state of an organism, and thus, they are monitored in many clinical situations. Typically, monitoring requires several analyses for each class of targeted metabolite, which is time consuming. The present study aimed to evaluate a proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) method for obtaining quantitative measurements of aqueous and lipidic metabolites. We optimized the extraction protocol, the standard samples, and the organic solvents for the absolute quantification of lipid species. To validate the method, we analyzed metabolic profiles in livers of mice fed three different diets. We compared our results with values obtained with conventional methods and found strong correlations. The 1H-NMR protocol enabled the absolute quantification of 29 aqueous metabolites and eight lipid classes. Results showed that mice fed a diet enriched in saturated fatty acids had higher levels of triglycerides, cholesterol ester, monounsaturated fatty acids, lactate, 3-hydroxy-butyrate, and alanine and lower levels of glucose, compared to mice fed a control diet. In conclusion, proton NMR provided a rapid overview of the main lipid classes (triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, fatty acids) and the most abundant aqueous metabolites in liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Amiel
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027 Toulouse, France; (A.A.); (M.T.-F.); (R.G.); (S.D.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (H.G.)
- Metatoul-AXIOM platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tremblay-Franco
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027 Toulouse, France; (A.A.); (M.T.-F.); (R.G.); (S.D.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (H.G.)
- Metatoul-AXIOM platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Roselyne Gautier
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027 Toulouse, France; (A.A.); (M.T.-F.); (R.G.); (S.D.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (H.G.)
- Metatoul-AXIOM platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Ducheix
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027 Toulouse, France; (A.A.); (M.T.-F.); (R.G.); (S.D.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (H.G.)
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027 Toulouse, France; (A.A.); (M.T.-F.); (R.G.); (S.D.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (H.G.)
| | - Arnaud Polizzi
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027 Toulouse, France; (A.A.); (M.T.-F.); (R.G.); (S.D.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (H.G.)
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027 Toulouse, France; (A.A.); (M.T.-F.); (R.G.); (S.D.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (H.G.)
- Metatoul-AXIOM platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, F-31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027 Toulouse, France; (A.A.); (M.T.-F.); (R.G.); (S.D.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (H.G.)
| | | | - Cécile Canlet
- Toxalim-Research Centre in Food Toxicology, Toulouse University, INRAE UMR 1331, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Paul Sabatier University, F-31027 Toulouse, France; (A.A.); (M.T.-F.); (R.G.); (S.D.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (H.G.)
- Metatoul-AXIOM platform, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, MetaboHUB, Toxalim, INRAE UMR 1331, F-31027 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
The rising incidence of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) demands making urgent progress in understanding the fundamental molecular basis of alcohol-related hepatocellular damage. One of the key early events accompanying chronic alcohol usage is the accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in the hepatocellular cytoplasm. LDs are far from inert sites of neutral lipid storage; rather, they represent key organelles that play vital roles in the metabolic state of the cell. In this review, we will examine the biology of these structures and outline recent efforts being made to understand the effects of alcohol exposure on the biogenesis, catabolism, and motility of LDs and how their dynamic nature is perturbed in the context of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Schulze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. (R.J. Schulze)
| | - Wen-Xing Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Clugston RD, Gao MA, Blaner WS. The Hepatic Lipidome: A Gateway to Understanding the Pathogenes is of Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2019; 10:195-206. [PMID: 26278391 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150817111419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to the development of alcoholic fatty liver disease. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms however, have not been fully elucidated. Here, we review the current state of the art regarding the application of lipidomics to study alcohol's effect on hepatic lipids. It is clear that alcohol has a profound effect on the hepatic lipidome, with documented changes in the major lipid categories (i.e. fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterol lipids and prenol lipids). Alcohol's most striking effect is the marked change in the hepatic fatty acyl pool. This effect includes increased levels of 18-carbon fatty acyl chains incorporated into multiple lipid species, as well as a general shift toward increased unsaturation of fatty acyl moieties. In addition to our literature review, we also make several recommendations to consider when designing lipidomic studies into alcohol's effects. These recommendations include integration of lipidomic data with other measures of lipid metabolism, inclusion of multiple experimental time points, and presentation of quantitative data. We believe rigorous analysis of the hepatic lipidome can yield new insight into the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced fatty liver. While the existing literature has been largely descriptive, the field is poised to apply lipidomics to yield a new level of understanding on alcohol's effects on hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin D Clugston
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7. Canada
| | - Madeleine A Gao
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032. United States
| | - William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032. United States
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Bioinformatic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveal Intervention Effects of Chicory in a Quail Model of Hyperuricemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5730385. [PMID: 30622605 PMCID: PMC6304835 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5730385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background. Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a kind of a metabolic disease that seriously threatens human health worldwide. Chicory, a natural herbal medicine, has an obvious effect of reducing uric acid. The aim of this study is to explore the potential components and pharmacological pathways that may play a role in hypouricemia activity of chicory. Bioinformatics and metabonomics were applied to this research. Firstly, component-target network was used to identify possible components related to the pharmacological properties and their corresponding mechanisms pathway of chicory. Afterwards, animal pharmacodynamic experiments were performed. Blood and stool samples were collected for untargeted metabolomic analysis by dint of UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS methods, and principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were performed for the pattern recognition and characteristic metabolites identification. Significant enriched function pathways were used in bioinformatics suggesting that chicory might have the effect of regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes. PLS-DA analysis was applied to discover differentiating metabolites, and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that chicory had powerful effects of glycosylphosphatidylinositol- (GPI-) anchor biosynthesis, inositol phosphate metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Combining bioinformatics and metabolomics results, we consider that chicory may develop on lowering uric acid by adjusting lipid metabolism. In addition, we chose quail as animal model innovatively and discussed the treatment of hyperuricemia with chicory in multiple methods, which may render reference for the research of HUA.
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14
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Tripathi A, Debelius J, Brenner DA, Karin M, Loomba R, Schnabl B, Knight R. Publisher Correction: The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:785. [PMID: 29785003 PMCID: PMC7133393 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the original version of Table 1 published online, upward arrows to indicate increased translocation of PAMPs were missing from the row entitled 'Translocation' for both the column on alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This error has now been updated in the PDF and HTML version of the article.
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15
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Listenberger L, Townsend E, Rickertsen C, Hains A, Brown E, Inwards EG, Stoeckman AK, Matis MP, Sampathkumar RS, Osna NA, Kharbanda KK. Decreasing Phosphatidylcholine on the Surface of the Lipid Droplet Correlates with Altered Protein Binding and Steatosis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120230. [PMID: 30477200 PMCID: PMC6316228 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD) is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in the liver. Here, we explore the composition of hepatic LDs in a rat model of AFLD. Five to seven weeks of alcohol consumption led to significant increases in hepatic triglyceride mass, along with increases in LD number and size. Additionally, hepatic LDs from rats with early alcoholic liver injury show a decreased ratio of surface phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). This occurred in parallel with an increase in the LD association of perilipin 2, a prominent LD protein. To determine if changes to the LD phospholipid composition contributed to differences in protein association with LDs, we constructed liposomes that modeled the LD PC:PE ratios in AFLD and control rats. Reducing the ratio of PC to PE increased the binding of perilipin 2 to liposomes in an in vitro experiment. Moreover, we decreased the ratio of LD PC:PE in NIH 3T3 and AML12 cells by culturing these cells in choline-deficient media. We again detected increased association of specific LD proteins, including perilipin 2. Taken together, our experiments suggest an important link between LD phospholipids, protein composition, and lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Listenberger
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Townsend
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA.
| | - Cassandra Rickertsen
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA.
| | - Anastasia Hains
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Brown
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA.
| | - Emily G Inwards
- Department of Chemistry, Bethel University, St. Paul, MN 55112, USA.
| | | | - Mitchell P Matis
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE and Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Rebecca S Sampathkumar
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE and Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Natalia A Osna
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE and Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE and Departments of Internal Medicine and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
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Tripathi A, Debelius J, Brenner DA, Karin M, Loomba R, Schnabl B, Knight R. The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:397-411. [PMID: 29748586 PMCID: PMC6319369 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 776] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, an exciting realization has been that diverse liver diseases - ranging from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma - fall along a spectrum. Work on the biology of the gut-liver axis has assisted in understanding the basic biology of both alcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Of immense importance is the advancement in understanding the role of the microbiome, driven by high-throughput DNA sequencing and improved computational techniques that enable the complexity of the microbiome to be interrogated, together with improved experimental designs. Here, we review gut-liver communications in liver disease, exploring the molecular, genetic and microbiome relationships and discussing prospects for exploiting the microbiome to determine liver disease stage and to predict the effects of pharmaceutical, dietary and other interventions at a population and individual level. Although much work remains to be done in understanding the relationship between the microbiome and liver disease, rapid progress towards clinical applications is being made, especially in study designs that complement human intervention studies with mechanistic work in mice that have been humanized in multiple respects, including the genetic, immunological and microbiome characteristics of individual patients. These 'avatar mice' could be especially useful for guiding new microbiome-based or microbiome-informed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Tripathi
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, CA,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Justine Debelius
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - David A. Brenner
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, CA,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, CA,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, CA
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17
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Irwin C, van Reenen M, Mason S, Mienie LJ, Wevers RA, Westerhuis JA, Reinecke CJ. The 1H-NMR-based metabolite profile of acute alcohol consumption: A metabolomics intervention study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196850. [PMID: 29746531 PMCID: PMC5944960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics studies of disease conditions related to chronic alcohol consumption provide compelling evidence of several perturbed metabolic pathways underlying the pathophysiology of alcoholism. The objective of the present study was to utilize proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy metabolomics to study the holistic metabolic consequences of acute alcohol consumption in humans. The experimental design was a cross-over intervention study which included a number of substances to be consumed-alcohol, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) supplement, and a benzoic acid-containing flavoured water vehicle. The experimental subjects-24 healthy, moderate-drinking young men-each provided six hourly-collected urine samples for analysis. Complete data sets were obtained from 20 of the subjects and used for data generation, analysis and interpretation. The results from the NMR approach produced complex spectral data, which could be resolved sufficiently through the application of a combination of univariate and multivariate methods of statistical analysis. The metabolite profiles resulting from acute alcohol consumption indicated that alcohol-induced NAD+ depletion, and the production of an excessive amount of reducing equivalents, greatly perturbed the hepatocyte redox homeostasis, resulting in essentially three major metabolic disturbances-up-regulated lactic acid metabolism, down-regulated purine catabolism and osmoregulation. Of these, the urinary excretion of the osmolyte sorbitol proved to be novel, and suggests hepatocyte swelling due to ethanol influx following acute alcohol consumption. Time-dependent metabolomics investigations, using designed interventions, provide a way of interpreting the variation induced by the different factors of a designed experiment, thereby also giving methodological significance to this study. The outcomes of this approach have the potential to significantly advance our understanding of the serious impact of the pathophysiological perturbations which arise from the consumption of a single, large dose of alcohol-a simulation of a widespread, and mostly naive, social practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Irwin
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Mari van Reenen
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Shayne Mason
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lodewyk J. Mienie
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Ron A. Wevers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Westerhuis
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Biosystems Data Analysis, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolus J. Reinecke
- Centre for Human Metabolomics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Agriculture, North-West University (Potchefstroom Campus), Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Aldose reductase inhibitor protects mice from alcoholic steatosis by repressing saturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 287:41-48. [PMID: 29630881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver injury results in morbidity and mortality worldwide, but there are currently no effective and safe therapeutics. Previously we demonstrated that aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor ameliorated alcoholic hepatic steatosis. To clarify the mechanism whereby AR inhibitor improves alcoholic hepatic steatosis, herein we investigated the effect of AR inhibitor on hepatic metabolism in mice fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet with 5% ethanol. Nontargeted metabolomics showed carbohydrates and lipids were characteristic categories in ethanol diet-fed mice with or without AR inhibitor treatment, whereas AR inhibitor mainly affected carbohydrates and peptides. Ethanol-induced galactose metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis are important for the induction of hepatic steatosis, while AR inhibitor impaired galactose metabolism without perturbing fatty acid biosynthesis. In parallel with successful treatment of steatosis, AR inhibitor suppressed ethanol-activated galactose metabolism and saturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Sorbitol in galactose metabolism and stearic acid in saturated fatty acid biosynthesis were potential biomarkers responsible for ethanol or ethanol plus AR inhibitor treatment. In vitro analysis confirmed that exogenous addition of sorbitol augmented ethanol-induced steatosis and stearic acid. These findings not only reveal metabolic patterns associated with disease and treatment, but also shed light on functional biomarkers contribute to AR inhibition therapy.
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Fernando H, Bhopale KK, Kondraganti SS, Kaphalia BS, Ansari GAS. Alcohol-Induced Hepatic Steatosis: A Comparative Study to Identify Possible Indicator(s) of Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 7. [PMID: 31032137 DOI: 10.4303/jdar/236040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Fatty liver is an early sign of both nonalcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Ethanol feeding using a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet (LD) model which contains 35% fat to rats or mice is a well-established model for alcoholic fatty liver. However, LD diet alone can also induce fatty liver and its differential metabolic profile may be able to differentiate steatosis induced by LD versus LD plus ethanol. Purpose We investigated the lipidomic differences in the livers of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed a pellet diet (PD), LD and liquid ethanol diet (LED) for six weeks. Study Design Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with nonalcoholic diets PD, LD or LED (ethanol in LD) for six weeks. Lipids were extracted and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)- based metabolomics. The NMR data obtained was analyzed by multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Spotfire DecisionSite 9.0 software to compare PD versus LD and LD versus LED groups. Results PCA of the NMR spectral data of livers of both comparisons showed a clear separation of PD from LD group and LD from LED group indicating differences in lipid profiles which corresponded with changes in total lipid weights. LD showed increases for cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, cholesterol acetate and triglycerides with decreases for fatty acyl chain, diallylic and allylic protons, while the LED showed increases in esterified cholesterol, cholesterol acetate, fatty acid methyl esters, allylic protons and some triglyceride protons with decreases in free cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Conclusion Our data suggest that altered lipid signature or PC levels could be an indicator to differentiate between nonalcoholic versus alcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshica Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A & M University, 100 University Dr, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA
| | - Kamlesh K Bhopale
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | | | - Bhupendra S Kaphalia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - G A Shakeel Ansari
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
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20
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Barbosa BS, Martins LG, Costa TBBC, Cruz G, Tasic L. Qualitative and Quantitative NMR Approaches in Blood Serum Lipidomics. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1735:365-379. [PMID: 29380328 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7614-0_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics can be applied in the analysis of complex biological samples in many ways. For example, we can analyze lipids, elucidate their structures, determine their nutritional values, and determine their distribution in blood serum. As lipids are not soluble in water, they are transported in blood as lipid-rich self-assembled particles, divided into different density assemblies from high- to very-low-density lipoproteins (HDL to VLDL), or by combining with serum proteins, such as albumins (human serum albumins (HSA)). Therefore, serum lipids can be analyzed as they are using only a 1:1 (v/v) dilution with a buffer or deuterated water prior to analysis by applying 1H NMR or 1H NMR edited-by-diffusion techniques. Alternatively, lipids can be extracted from the serum using liquid partition equilibrium and then analyzed using liquid-state NMR techniques. Our chapter describes protocols that are used for extraction of blood serum lipids and their quantitative 1H NMR (1H qNMR) analysis in lipid extracts as well as 1H NMR edited by diffusion for direct blood serum lipid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banny Silva Barbosa
- Laboratório de Química Biológica, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gelain Martins
- Laboratório de Química Biológica, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tássia B B C Costa
- Laboratório de Química Biológica, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Cruz
- Laboratório de Química Biológica, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ljubica Tasic
- Laboratório de Química Biológica, Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Ibáñez C, Mouhid L, Reglero G, Ramírez de Molina A. Lipidomics Insights in Health and Nutritional Intervention Studies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7827-7842. [PMID: 28805384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are among the major components of food and constitute the principal structural biomolecules of human body together with proteins and carbohydrates. Lipidomics encompasses the investigation of the lipidome, defined as the entire spectrum of lipids in a biological system at a given time. Among metabolomics technologies, lipidomics has evolved due to the relevance of lipids in nutrition and their well-recognized roles in health. Mass spectrometry advances have greatly facilitated lipidomics, but owing to the complexity and diversity of the lipids, lipidome purification and analysis are still challenging. This review focuses on lipidomics strategies, applications, and achievements of studies related to nutrition and health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ibáñez
- Nutritional Genomics and Food GENYAL Platform, ‡Production and Development of Foods for Health, IMDEA Food Institute , Crta. Cantoblanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lamia Mouhid
- Nutritional Genomics and Food GENYAL Platform, ‡Production and Development of Foods for Health, IMDEA Food Institute , Crta. Cantoblanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Nutritional Genomics and Food GENYAL Platform, ‡Production and Development of Foods for Health, IMDEA Food Institute , Crta. Cantoblanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Nutritional Genomics and Food GENYAL Platform, ‡Production and Development of Foods for Health, IMDEA Food Institute , Crta. Cantoblanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Li J, Vosegaard T, Guo Z. Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance in lipid analyses: An emerging powerful tool for lipidomics studies. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 68:37-56. [PMID: 28911967 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of lipids in cell, tissue, and organ physiology is crucial; as many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases, are closely related to absorption and metabolism of lipids. Mass spectrometry (MS) based methods are the most developed powerful tools to study the synthetic pathways and metabolic networks of cellular lipids in biological systems; leading to the birth of an emerging subject lipidomics, which has been extensively reviewed. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), another powerful analytical tool, which allows the visualization of single atoms and molecules, is receiving increasing attention in lipidomics analyses. However, very little work focusing on lipidomic studies using NMR has been critically reviewed. This paper presents a first comprehensive summary of application of 1H, 13C &31P NMR in lipids and lipidomics analyses. The scientific basis, principles and characteristic diagnostic peaks assigned to specific atoms/molecular structures of lipids are presented. Applications of 2D NMR in mapping and monitoring of the components and their changes in complex lipids systems, as well as alteration of lipid profiling over disease development are also reviewed. The applications of NMR lipidomics in diseases diagnosis and food adulteration are exemplified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Li
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Vosegaard
- Danish Center for Ultrahigh-Field NMR Spectroscopy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Guo C, Ma J, Zhong Q, Zhao M, Hu T, Chen T, Qiu L, Wen L. Curcumin improves alcoholic fatty liver by inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 328:1-9. [PMID: 28476407 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic fatty liver is a threat to human health. It has been long known that abstinence from alcohol is the most effective therapy, other effective therapies are not available for the treatment in humans. Curcumin has a great potential for anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, but the effect on metabolic reconstruction remains little known. Here we performed metabolomic analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and explored ethanol pathogenic insight as well as curcumin action pattern. We identified seventy-one metabolites in mouse liver. Carbohydrates and lipids were characteristic categories. Pathway analysis results revealed that ethanol-induced pathways including biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid biosynthesis and pentose and glucuronate interconversions were suppressed by curcumin. Additionally, ethanol enhanced galactose metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway. Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and pyruvate metabolism were inhibited in mice fed ethanol diet plus curcumin. Stearic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid were disease biomarkers and therapical biomarkers. These results reflect the landscape of hepatic metabolism regulation. Our findings illustrate ethanol pathological pathway and metabolic mechanism of curcumin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Fujian Province University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingfan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Fujian Province University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qionghong Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxing Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Fujian Province University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China
| | - Longxin Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology (Longyan University), Fujian Province University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longping Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364012, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, People's Republic of China.
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Natarajan SK, Rasineni K, Ganesan M, Feng D, McVicker BL, McNiven MA, Osna NA, Mott JL, Casey CA, Kharbanda KK. Structure, Function and Metabolism of Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Lipid Droplets: Implications in Alcoholic Liver Disease. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2017; 10:237-248. [PMID: 26278390 PMCID: PMC4820363 DOI: 10.2174/1874467208666150817111727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For more than 30 years, lipid droplets (LDs) were considered as an inert bag of lipid for storage of energy-rich fat molecules. Following a paradigm shift almost a decade ago, LDs are presently considered an active subcellular organelle especially designed for assembling, storing and subsequently supplying lipids for generating energy and membrane synthesis (and in the case of hepatocytes for VLDL secretion). LDs also play a central role in many other cellular functions such as viral assembly and protein degradation. Here, we have explored the structural and functional changes that occur in hepatic and adipose tissue LDs following chronic ethanol consumption in relation to their role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (VA NWIHCS), and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (VA NWIHCS), and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (VA NWIHCS), and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Dan Feng
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (VA NWIHCS), and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Benita L. McVicker
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (VA NWIHCS), and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mark A. McNiven
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (VA NWIHCS), and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Justin L. Mott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Carol A. Casey
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (VA NWIHCS), and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center
| | - Kusum K. Kharbanda
- Research Service, VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System (VA NWIHCS), and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center
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25
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Matysik S, Le Roy CI, Liebisch G, Claus SP. Metabolomics of fecal samples: A practical consideration. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Cai X, Bao L, Wang N, Xu M, Mao R, Li Y. Dietary Nucleotides Supplementation and Liver Injury in Alcohol-Treated Rats: A Metabolomics Investigation. Molecules 2016; 21:435. [PMID: 27043516 PMCID: PMC6273469 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies suggested that nucleotides were beneficial for liver function, lipid metabolism and so on. The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic response of dietary nucleotides supplementation in alcohol-induced liver injury rats. Methods: Five groups of male Wistar rats were used: normal control group (basal diet, equivalent distilled water), alcohol control group (basal diet, 50% alcohol (v/v)), dextrose control group (basal diet, isocaloric amount of dextrose), and 0.04% and 0.16% nucleotides groups (basal diet supplemented with 0.4 g and 1.6 g nucleotides kg−1 respectively, 50% alcohol (v/v)). The liver injury was measured through traditional liver enzymes, expression of oxidative stress markers and histopathological examination. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was applied to identify liver metabolite profiles. Results: Nucleotides supplementation prevented the progression of hepatocyte steatosis. The levels of total proteins, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol triglyceride, as well as the oxidative stress markers altered by alcohol, were improved by nucleotides supplementation. Elevated levels of liver bile acids (glycocholic acid, chenodeoxyglycocholic acid, and taurodeoxycholic acid), as well as lipids (stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, phosphatidylcholine, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine) in alcohol-treated rats were reversed by nucleotides supplementation. In addition, supplementation with nucleotides could increase the levels of amino acids, including valyl-Leucine, l-leucine, alanyl-leucine and l-phenylalanine. Conclusion: These data indicate potential biomarkers and confirm the benefit of dietary nucleotides on alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxia Cai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Meihong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ruixue Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Witting M, Schmitt-Kopplin P. The Caenorhabditis elegans lipidome. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 589:27-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Bhopale KK, Kondraganti S, Fernando H, Boor PJ, Kaphalia BS, Shakeel Ansari GA. Alcoholic Steatosis in Different Strains of Rat: A Comparative Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 4. [PMID: 27213081 PMCID: PMC4874529 DOI: 10.4303/jdar/235912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Different strains of rats have been used to study alcoholic liver disease (ALD) while the reason for selecting a particular rat strain was not apparent. Purpose The aim of our study was to compare outbred (Wistar) and inbred (Fischer) strains to evaluate pathological, biochemical changes, and gene expression differences associated with ethanol-induced early hepatic steatosis. Study Design Male Wistar and Fischer-344 rats were pair-fed for 6 weeks with or without 5% ethanol in Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet. Livers were analyzed for histological and lipid-related differences. Results Hepatic midzonal steatosis was mainly found in Wistar rats while Fischer rats showed mostly pericentral steatosis. Increased hepatic steatosis in ethanol-fed Wistar rats is supported by increases in lipids with related genes and transcription factors involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis. Conclusion Our data showed that Fischer rats are relatively less prone to ethanol-mediated steatosis with pericentral lipid deposition pattern in the liver which is similar to humans and show no trace level of lipid accumulation in pair-fed controls as observed in Wistar (outbred) strain. Therefore, Fischer rats are better suited for lipid studies in an early development of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh K Bhopale
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Shakuntala Kondraganti
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Harshica Fernando
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Paul J Boor
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Bhupendra S Kaphalia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - G A Shakeel Ansari
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Application of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in identification of early noninvasive biomarkers of alcohol-induced liver disease using mouse model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 815:217-38. [PMID: 25427910 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09614-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, non-invasive urine test for early stage alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) would permit risk stratification and treatment of high-risk individuals before ALD leads to irreversible liver damage and death. Urinary metabolomic studies were carried out to identify ALD-associated metabolic biomarkers using Ppara-null mouse model that is susceptible to ALD development on chronic alcohol consumption. Two successive studies were conducted to evaluate the applicability of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in identification of ALD-specific signatures and to examine the robustness of these biomarkers against genetic background. Principal components analysis of ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS)-generated urinary metabolic fingerprints showed that alcohol-treated wild-type and Ppara-null mice could be distinguished from control animals. It also showed that a combined endogenous biomarker panel helps to identify subjects with ALD as well as those at risk of developing ALD even without any information on alcohol intake or genetics. Quantitative analysis showed that increased excretion of indole-3-lactic acid and phenyllactic acid was a genetic background-independent signature exclusively associated with ALD pathogenesis in Ppara-null mice that showed liver pathologies similar to those observed in early stages of human ALD. These findings demonstrated that mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis could help in the identification of ALD-specific signatures, and that metabolites such as indole-3-lactic acid and phenyllactic acid, may serve as robust noninvasive biomarkers for early stages of ALD.
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30
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Yang Y, Han Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Pan S, Liang S, Wang S. Plasma metabonomic analysis reveals the effects of salvianic acid on alleviating acute alcoholic liver damage. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analysed acute alcohol-induced metabolic changes and explored the metabolic regulation mechanism of SA treatment by using 1H NMR-based metabonomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Yang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Han
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yaling Wang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Sina Pan
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Shengwang Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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31
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Global metabolic profiling for the study of alcohol-related disorders. Bioanalysis 2014; 6:59-77. [PMID: 24341495 DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related disorders are multifaceted since ethanol can induce profound metabolic perturbations when taken in excess. Global metabolic profiling strategies may aid the understanding of ethanol-related effects by shedding light on these metabolic changes and potentially revealing unknown mechanisms of ethanol toxicity. Here an overview of studies designed to explore the effects of alcohol (ethanol) consumption using holistic metabolite profiling approaches (metabonomics/metabolomics) is presented, demonstrating the potential of this methodology. The analytical technologies used (NMR, GC-MS and LC-MS), have been applied to the profiling of serum, plasma, urine and tissues, obtained from animal models or humans, after exposure to alcohol. From the metabolic profiling data of a range of biological samples, a number of endogenous metabolites have been proposed as potential ethanol consumption-related biomarkers. The biomarkers suggested by these studies, and the biochemical insights that they provide for understanding the effects of ethanol mechanisms of toxicity, are discussed.
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32
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Zhong W, Li Q, Xie G, Sun X, Tan X, Sun X, Jia W, Zhou Z. Dietary fat sources differentially modulate intestinal barrier and hepatic inflammation in alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G919-32. [PMID: 24113767 PMCID: PMC3882440 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00226.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxemia is a causal factor in the development of alcoholic liver injury. The present study aimed at determining the interactions of ethanol with different fat sources at the gut-liver axis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair fed control or ethanol liquid diet for 8 wk. The liquid diets were based on a modified Lieber-DeCarli formula, with 30% total calories derived from corn oil (rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids). To test the effects of saturated fats, corn oil in the ethanol diet was replaced by either cocoa butter (CB, rich in long-chain saturated fatty acids) or medium-chain triglycerides (MCT, exclusively medium-chain saturated fatty acids). Ethanol feeding increased hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammatory cell infiltration and perturbed hepatic and serum metabolite profiles. Ethanol feeding with CB or MCT alleviated ethanol-induced liver injury and attenuated ethanol-induced metabolic perturbation. Both CB and MCT also normalized ethanol-induced hepatic macrophage activation, cytokine expression, and neutrophil infiltration. Ethanol feeding elevated serum endotoxin level, which was normalized by MCT but not CB. In accordance, ethanol-induced downregulations of intestinal occludin and zonula occludens-1 were normalized by MCT but not CB. However, CB normalized ethanol-increased hepatic endotoxin level in association with upregulation of an endotoxin detoxifying enzyme, argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1). Knockdown ASS1 in H4IIEC3 cells resulted in impaired endotoxin clearance and upregulated cytokine expression. These data demonstrate that the protection of saturated fats against alcohol-induced liver injury occur via different actions at the gut-liver axis and are chain length dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research and Dept. of Nutrition, Univ. of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Suite 4226, Kannapolis, NC 28081.
| | - Qiong Li
- 1Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina;
| | - Guoxiang Xie
- 3University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; and
| | - Xiuhua Sun
- 1Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina;
| | - Xiaobing Tan
- 1Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina;
| | - Xinguo Sun
- 1Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina;
| | - Wei Jia
- 3University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; and ,4Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- 1Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina; ,2Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina;
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Xie G, Zhong W, Zheng X, Li Q, Qiu Y, Li H, Chen H, Zhou Z, Jia W. Chronic ethanol consumption alters mammalian gastrointestinal content metabolites. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3297-306. [PMID: 23763674 PMCID: PMC5672944 DOI: 10.1021/pr400362z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption is associated with not only the alteration of metabolic profiles in biofluids but also the composition of the gut microbiome. Our understanding of the importance of the intestinal microbiota as well as the disturbances elicited by ethanol intervention is limited by the fact that previous analyses have primarily focused on biofluids and liver tissue metabolome; the metabolic profiles of the gastrointestinal (GI) contents are rarely investigated. In this study, we applied a metabonomics approach using a high performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to characterize the metabolic alterations of the contents within the GI tract (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon, and rectum) in male Sprague-Dawley rats following 8 weeks of ethanol exposure. We obtained a snapshot of the distinct changes of the intestinal content metabolite composition in rats with ethanol exposure, which indicated a profound impact of ethanol consumption on the intestinal metabolome. Many metabolic pathways that are critical for host physiology were affected, including markedly altered bile acids, increased fatty acids and steroids, decreased carnitines and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism, a significant decrease of all amino acids and branched chain amino acids, and significantly decreased short chain fatty acids except for acetic acid, which rapidly elevated as a product of ethanol metabolism. These results provide an improved understanding of the systemic alteration of intestinal content metabolites in mammals and the interplay between the host and its complex resident microbiota and may aid in the design of new therapeutic strategies that target these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Xie
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Qiong Li
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Houkai Li
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Huiyuan Chen
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, North Carolina 28081, USA
| | - Wei Jia
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
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Altered hepatic retinyl ester concentration and acyl composition in response to alcohol consumption. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1276-86. [PMID: 23583843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Retinoids (vitamin A and its metabolites) are essential micronutrients that regulate many cellular processes. Greater than 70% of the body's retinoid reserves are stored in the liver as retinyl ester (RE). Chronic alcohol consumption induces depletion of hepatic retinoid stores, and the extent of this has been correlated with advancing stages of alcoholic liver disease. The goal of this study was to analyze the mechanisms responsible for depletion of hepatic RE stores by alcohol consumption. A change in the fatty-acyl composition of RE in alcohol-fed mice was observed within two weeks after the start of alcohol consumption. Specifically, alcohol-feeding was associated with a significant decline in hepatic retinyl palmitate levels; however, total RE levels were maintained by a compensatory increase in levels of usually minor RE species, particularly retinyl oleate. Our data suggests that alcohol feeding initially stimulates a futile cycle of RE hydrolysis and synthesis, and that the change in RE acyl composition is associated with a change in the acyl composition of hepatic phosphatidylcholine. The alcohol-induced change in RE acyl composition was specific to the liver, and was not seen in lung or white adipose tissue. This shift in hepatic RE fatty acyl composition is a sensitive indicator of alcohol consumption and may be an early biomarker for events associated with the development of alcoholic liver disease.
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35
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Fernando H, Wiktorowicz JE, Soman KV, Kaphalia BS, Khan MF, Ansari GAS. Liver proteomics in progressive alcoholic steatosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 266:470-80. [PMID: 23200777 PMCID: PMC3565568 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver is an early stage of alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver disease (ALD and NALD) that progresses to steatohepatitis and other irreversible conditions. In this study, we identified proteins that were differentially expressed in the livers of rats fed 5% ethanol in a Lieber-DeCarli diet daily for 1 and 3 months by discovery proteomics (two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry) and non-parametric modeling (Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines). Hepatic fatty infiltration was significantly higher in ethanol-fed animals as compared to controls, and more pronounced at 3 months of ethanol feeding. Discovery proteomics identified changes in the expression of proteins involved in alcohol, lipid, and amino acid metabolism after ethanol feeding. At 1 and 3 months, 12 and 15 different proteins were differentially expressed. Of the identified proteins, down regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase (-1.6) at 1 month and up regulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase (2.1) at 3 months could be a protective/adaptive mechanism against ethanol toxicity. In addition, betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2 a protein responsible for methionine metabolism and previously implicated in fatty liver development was significantly up regulated (1.4) at ethanol-induced fatty liver stage (1 month) while peroxiredoxin-1 was down regulated (-1.5) at late fatty liver stage (3 months). Nonparametric analysis of the protein spots yielded fewer proteins and narrowed the list of possible markers and identified d-dopachrome tautomerase (-1.7, at 3 months) as a possible marker for ethanol-induced early steatohepatitis. The observed differential regulation of proteins have potential to serve as biomarker signature for the detection of steatosis and its progression to steatohepatitis once validated in plasma/serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshica Fernando
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
| | - John E. Wiktorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
| | - Kizhake V. Soman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
| | - Bhupendra S. Kaphalia
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
| | - M. Firoze Khan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
| | - G. A. Shakeel Ansari
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555
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Gika HG, Ji C, Theodoridis GA, Michopoulos F, Kaplowitz N, Wilson ID. Investigation of chronic alcohol consumption in rodents via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry based metabolite profiling. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1259:128-37. [PMID: 22446076 PMCID: PMC3387526 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption in man, when seen in its extreme form of alcoholism, is a complex and socially disruptive disorder that can result in significant levels of liver injury. Here the rodent "intragastric feeding model" was used together with UHPLC-TOFMS analysis to determine changes in global metabolite profiles for plasma and urine from alcohol treated rats and mice compared to control animals. Multivariate statistical analysis (using principal components analysis, PCA) revealed robust differences between profiles from control and alcohol-treated animals from both species. A large number of metabolites were seen to differ between control and alcohol-treated animals, for both biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen G Gika
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Greece.
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37
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Hepatic lipid profiling of deer mice fed ethanol using ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy: a dose-dependent subchronic study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 264:361-9. [PMID: 22884994 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse is a 2nd major cause of liver disease resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is characterized by a wide spectrum of pathologies starting from fat accumulation (steatosis) in early reversible stage to inflammation with or without fibrosis and cirrhosis in later irreversible stages. Previously, we reported significant steatosis in the livers of hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-deficient (ADH⁻) vs. hepatic ADH-normal (ADH⁺) deer mice fed 4% ethanol daily for 2 months [Bhopale et al., 2006, Alcohol 39, 179-188]. However, ADH⁻ deer mice fed 4% ethanol also showed a significant mortality. Therefore, a dose-dependent study was conducted to understand the mechanism and identify lipid(s) involved in the development of ethanol-induced fatty liver. ADH⁻ and ADH⁺ deer mice fed 1, 2 or 3.5% ethanol daily for 2 months and fatty infiltration in the livers were evaluated by histology and by measuring dry weights of extracted lipids. Lipid metabolomic changes in extracted lipids were determined by proton (¹H) and ³¹phosphorus (³¹P) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The NMR data was analyzed by hierarchical clustering (HC) and principle component analysis (PCA) for pattern recognition. Extensive vacuolization by histology and significantly increased dry weights of total lipids found only in the livers of ADH⁻ deer mice fed 3.5% ethanol vs. pair-fed controls suggest a dose-dependent formation of fatty liver in ADH⁻ deer mouse model. Analysis of NMR data of ADH⁻ deer mice fed 3.5% ethanol vs. pair-fed controls shows increases for total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), triacylglycerides and unsaturation, and decreases for free cholesterol, phospholipids and allylic and diallylic protons. Certain classes of neutral lipids (cholesterol esters, fatty acyl chain (-COCH₂-) and FAMEs) were also mildly increased in ADH⁻ deer mice fed 1 or 2% ethanol. Only small increases were observed for allylic and diallylic protons, FAMEs and unsaturations in ADH⁺ deer mice fed 3.5% ethanol vs. pair-fed controls. PCA of NMR data showed increased clustering by gradual separation of ethanol-fed ADH⁻ deer mice groups from their respective pair-fed control groups and corresponding ethanol-fed ADH⁺ deer mice groups. Our data indicate that dose of ethanol and hepatic ADH deficiency are two key factors involved in initiation and progression of alcoholic fatty liver disease. Further studies on characterization of individual lipid entities and associated metabolic pathways altered in our deer mouse model after different durations of ethanol feeding could be important to delineate mechanism(s) and identify potential biomarker candidate(s) of early stage ALD.
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Jang ZH, Chung HC, Ahn YG, Kwon YK, Kim JS, Ryu JH, Ryu DH, Kim CH, Hwang GS. Metabolic profiling of an alcoholic fatty liver in zebrafish (Danio rerio). MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:2001-9. [PMID: 22532405 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is becoming a popular developmental biology model to study diseases and for drug discovery. In this study, we performed proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-NMR)- and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS)-based metabolic profiling of an alcoholic fatty liver using a zebrafish disease model. We examined metabolic differences between the control and alcoholic fatty liver groups in zebrafish to determine how metabolism in an alcoholic fatty liver is regulated. Multivariate statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the control and alcoholic fatty liver groups. The alcoholic fatty liver group showed increased excretion of isoleucine, acetate, succinate, choline, creatine, acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), ethyl glucuronide (EtG), lactate/pyruvate ratio, fatty acids, and cholesterol, and decreased excretion of citrate, aspartate, tyrosine, glycine, glucose, alanine, betaine, and maltose. Metabolites identified in the fatty liver groups were associated with long-term alcohol consumption, which causes both oxidation-reduction (redox) changes and oxidative stress. This study suggests that global metabolite profiling in a zebrafish model can provide insights into the metabolic changes in an alcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hey Jang
- Seoul Centre, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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39
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Nemutlu E, Zhang S, Gupta A, Juranic NO, Macura SI, Terzic A, Jahangir A, Dzeja P. Dynamic phosphometabolomic profiling of human tissues and transgenic models by 18O-assisted ³¹P NMR and mass spectrometry. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:386-402. [PMID: 22234996 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00152.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation screening of disease-related metabolomic phenotypes requires monitoring of both metabolite levels and turnover rates. Stable isotope (18)O-assisted (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry uniquely allows simultaneous measurement of phosphometabolite levels and turnover rates in tissue and blood samples. The (18)O labeling procedure is based on the incorporation of one (18)O into P(i) from [(18)O]H(2)O with each act of ATP hydrolysis and the distribution of (18)O-labeled phosphoryls among phosphate-carrying molecules. This enables simultaneous recording of ATP synthesis and utilization, phosphotransfer fluxes through adenylate kinase, creatine kinase, and glycolytic pathways, as well as mitochondrial substrate shuttle, urea and Krebs cycle activity, glycogen turnover, and intracellular energetic communication. Application of expanded (18)O-labeling procedures has revealed significant differences in the dynamics of G-6-P[(18)O] (glycolysis), G-3-P[(18)O] (substrate shuttle), and G-1-P[(18)O] (glycogenolysis) between human and rat atrial myocardium. In human atria, the turnover of G-3-P[(18)O], which defects are associated with the sudden death syndrome, was significantly higher indicating a greater importance of substrate shuttling to mitochondria. Phosphometabolomic profiling of transgenic hearts deficient in adenylate kinase (AK1-/-), which altered levels and mutations are associated to human diseases, revealed a stress-induced shift in metabolomic profile with increased CrP[(18)O] and decreased G-1-P[(18)O] metabolic dynamics. The metabolomic profile of creatine kinase M-CK/ScCKmit-/--deficient hearts is characterized by a higher G-6-[(18)O]P turnover rate, G-6-P levels, glycolytic capacity, γ/β-phosphoryl of GTP[(18)O] turnover, as well as β-[(18)O]ATP and β-[(18)O]ADP turnover, indicating altered glycolytic, guanine nucleotide, and adenylate kinase metabolic flux. Thus, (18)O-assisted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and (31)P NMR provide a suitable platform for dynamic phosphometabolomic profiling of the cellular energetic system enabling prediction and diagnosis of metabolic diseases states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emirhan Nemutlu
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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40
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Clugston RD, Jiang H, Lee MX, Piantedosi R, Yuen JJ, Ramakrishnan R, Lewis MJ, Gottesman ME, Huang LS, Goldberg IJ, Berk PD, Blaner WS. Altered hepatic lipid metabolism in C57BL/6 mice fed alcohol: a targeted lipidomic and gene expression study. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:2021-31. [PMID: 21856784 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m017368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with fatty liver disease in mammals. The object of this study was to gain an understanding of dysregulated lipid metabolism in alcohol-fed C57BL/6 mice using a targeted lipidomic approach. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze several lipid classes, including free fatty acids, fatty acyl-CoAs, fatty acid ethyl esters, sphingolipids, ceramides, and endocannabinoids, in plasma and liver samples from control and alcohol-fed mice. The interpretation of lipidomic data was augmented by gene expression analyses for important metabolic enzymes in the lipid pathways studied. Alcohol feeding was associated with i) increased hepatic free fatty acid levels and decreased fatty acyl-CoA levels associated with decreased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and decreased fatty acyl-CoA synthesis, respectively; ii) increased hepatic ceramide levels associated with higher levels of the precursor molecules sphingosine and sphinganine; and iii) increased hepatic levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide associated with decreased expression of its catabolic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase. The unique combination of lipidomic and gene expression analyses allows for a better mechanistic understanding of dysregulated lipid metabolism in the development of alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin D Clugston
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Manna SK, Patterson AD, Yang Q, Krausz KW, Idle JR, Fornace AJ, Gonzalez FJ. UPLC-MS-based urine metabolomics reveals indole-3-lactic acid and phenyllactic acid as conserved biomarkers for alcohol-induced liver disease in the Ppara-null mouse model. J Proteome Res 2011; 10:4120-33. [PMID: 21749142 DOI: 10.1021/pr200310s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the development and prognosis of alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) vary significantly with genetic background, identification of a genetic background-independent noninvasive ALD biomarker would significantly improve screening and diagnosis. This study explored the effect of genetic background on the ALD-associated urinary metabolome using the Ppara-null mouse model on two different backgrounds, C57BL/6 (B6) and 129/SvJ (129S), along with their wild-type counterparts. Reversed-phase gradient UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis revealed that urinary excretion of a number of metabolites, such as ethylsulfate, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid sulfate, adipic acid, pimelic acid, xanthurenic acid, and taurine, were background-dependent. Elevation of ethyl-β-d-glucuronide and N-acetylglycine was found to be a common signature of the metabolomic response to alcohol exposure in wild-type as well as in Ppara-null mice of both strains. However, increased excretion of indole-3-lactic acid and phenyllactic acid was found to be a conserved feature exclusively associated with the alcohol-treated Ppara-null mouse on both backgrounds that develop liver pathologies similar to the early stages of human ALD. These markers reflected the biochemical events associated with early stages of ALD pathogenesis. The results suggest that indole-3-lactic acid and phenyllactic acid are potential candidates for conserved and pathology-specific high-throughput noninvasive biomarkers for early stages of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen K Manna
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Fernando H, Bhopale KK, Kondraganti S, Kaphalia BS, Shakeel Ansari GA. Lipidomic changes in rat liver after long-term exposure to ethanol. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 255:127-37. [PMID: 21736892 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a serious health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. In this study we examined the progression of ALD along with lipidomic changes in rats fed ethanol for 2 and 3 months to understand the mechanism, and identify possible biomarkers. Male Fischer 344 rats were fed 5% ethanol or caloric equivalent of maltose-dextrin in a Lieber-DeCarli diet. Animals were killed at the end of 2 and 3 months and plasma and livers were collected. Portions of the liver were fixed for histological and immunohistological studies. Plasma and the liver lipids were extracted and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A time dependent fatty infiltration was observed in the livers of ethanol-fed rats. Mild inflammation and oxidative stress were observed in some ethanol-fed rats at 3 months. The multivariate and principal component analysis of proton and phosphorus NMR spectroscopy data of extracted lipids from the plasma and livers showed segregation of ethanol-fed groups from the pair-fed controls. Significant hepatic lipids that were increased by ethanol exposure included fatty acids and triglycerides, whereas phosphatidylcholine (PC) decreased. However, both free fatty acids and PC decreased in the plasma. In liver lipids unsaturation of fatty acyl chains increased, contrary to plasma, where it decreased. Our studies confirm that over-accumulation of lipids in ethanol-induced liver steatosis accompanied by mild inflammation on long duration of ethanol exposure. Identified metabolic profile using NMR lipidomics could be further explored to establish biomarker signatures representing the etiopathogenesis, progression and/or severity of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshica Fernando
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Ichihara H, Zako K, Komizu Y, Goto K, Ueoka R. Therapeutic Effects of Hybrid Liposomes Composed of Phosphatidylcholine and Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Hepatic Metastasis of Colon Carcinoma along with Apoptosis in Vivo. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:901-5. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ichihara
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Sojo University
| | - Keiko Zako
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Sojo University
| | - Yuji Komizu
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Sojo University
| | - Koichi Goto
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Sojo University
| | - Ryuichi Ueoka
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Sojo University
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K Bhopale K, Nauduri D, V Soman K, K Sood G, Okorodudu A, Ansari GAS, S Kaphalia B. Differentially Altered Plasma Proteins in
Patients diagnosed with Alcoholic and
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2011. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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