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Beegam S, Zaaba NE, Elzaki O, Alzaabi A, Alkaabi A, Alseiari K, Alshamsi N, Nemmar A. Palliative effects of carnosol on lung-deposited pollutant particles-induced thrombogenicity and vascular injury in mice. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1201. [PMID: 38775298 PMCID: PMC11110483 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of inhaled particulate air pollution perseveres even at lower concentrations than those of the existing air quality limit. Therefore, the identification of safe and effective measures against pollutant particles-induced vascular toxicity is warranted. Carnosol is a bioactive phenolic diterpene found in rosemary herb, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. However, its possible protective effect on the thrombotic and vascular injury induced by diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has not been studied before. We assessed here the potential alleviating effect of carnosol (20 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally 1 h before intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of DEP (20 μg/mouse). Twenty-four hours after the administration of DEP, various parameters were assessed. Carnosol administration prevented the increase in the plasma concentrations of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and tissue factor induced by DEP exposure. Carnosol inhibited DEP-induced prothrombotic effects in pial microvessels in vivo and platelet aggregation in vitro. The shortening of activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time induced by DEP was abated by carnosol administration. Carnosol inhibited the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α) and adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin) in aortic tissue. Moreover, it averted the effects of DEP-induced increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, depletion of antioxidants and DNA damage in the aortic tissue. Likewise, carnosol prevented the decrease in the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) caused by DEP. We conclude that carnosol alleviates DEP-induced thrombogenicity and vascular inflammation, oxidative damage, and DNA injury through Nrf2 and HO-1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Nur Elena Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Ozaz Elzaki
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Abdulrahman Alzaabi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Abdulrahman Alkaabi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Khalifa Alseiari
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Nasser Alshamsi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUAE
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Cerceo E, Saxer K, Grossman L, Shapley-Quinn K, Feldman-Winter L. The Climate Crisis and Breastfeeding: Opportunities for Resilience. J Hum Lact 2024; 40:33-50. [PMID: 38158719 DOI: 10.1177/08903344231216726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The climate crisis is an emerging global challenge that poses potential risks to breastfeeding practices and outcomes. There are multifaceted effects of climate change affecting the breastfeeding dyad across environmental, societal, and human health dimensions. Breastfeeding support in the face of climate change will require solutions at the structural level-healthcare, community, and workplace settings-and at the mother-infant dyad level. Breastfeeding can additionally be an adaptive response to crisis situations and can mitigate some of the environmental challenges associated with climate change. Despite the undeniable significance of climate change on breastfeeding (and vice versa), our perspective as experts in the field is that this topic has not been systematically addressed. Although we highlight some of the challenges, potential solutions, and co-benefits of breastfeeding in the context of climate change, there are numerous issues that could be further explored and necessitate additional preparedness planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cerceo
- Cooper University Healthcare, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | | | - Lauren Grossman
- General Internal Medicine and Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Lori Feldman-Winter
- Cooper University Healthcare, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
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Hernández-Zamora E, Rodríguez-Olivas AO, Rosales-Cruz E, Galicia-Alvarado MA, Zavala-Hernández C, Reyes-Maldonado E. Prothrombin Time and Coagulation Factor IX as Hemostatic Risk Markers for Legg- Calvé-Perthes Disease. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296221151166. [PMID: 36650707 PMCID: PMC9869215 DOI: 10.1177/10760296221151166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a pediatric disorder that occurs due to the avascular necrosis of the femoral head and affects the range of motion of the hip in various degrees. Its etiology is still unknown, although it has been associated with coagulation abnormalities, however, the lack of reproducibility in the results in various studies has created a controversy as to whether hemostasis disorders are related to LCPD. On the other hand, there is little information on laboratory studies that could facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of LCPD. METHODS Blood and plasma samples were tested from 25 patients with LCPD and 50 healthy controls, matched by sex and age. Cellular markers were evaluated through complete blood count, as well as coagulation times, coagulation factors activity, antithrombotic proteins, and homocysteine concentration. RESULTS After assessing activity value frequencies in each group, the results showed more significant activity in some of the biological risk markers of thrombophilia, presenting a substantial difference in prothrombin time↘, FV↗, FVIII↗, FIX↗, and Hcy↗. These values imply that there may be hypercoagulable states in patients, which can cause thrombotic events. CONCLUSIONS Diminished prothrombin time and increase in FV activity, FVIII, FIX, and Hcy concentration support the hypothesis that microthrombi formation in small-caliber vessels could be causing avascularity and femoral necrosis, which are traits of LCPD. In addition, based on our results, we believe that the laboratory studies carried out are very useful in the diagnosis and treatment of LCPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Hernández-Zamora
- Genomic Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), México City, México
| | - Armando Odiseo Rodríguez-Olivas
- Morphology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB, IPN), México City, México,Armando Odiseo Rodríguez-Olivas, Morphology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB, IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Erika Rosales-Cruz
- Morphology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB, IPN), México City, México
| | | | | | - Elba Reyes-Maldonado
- Morphology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB, IPN), México City, México,Elba Reyes-Maldonado, Morphology Department, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB, IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Ecological study of ambient air pollution exposure and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in elderly. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21295. [PMID: 36494401 PMCID: PMC9734746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24653-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As an independent risk factor, ambient air pollution can assume a considerable part in mortality and worsening of cardiovascular disease. We sought to investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease mortality and their risk factors in Iranian's elderly population. This inquiry was conducted ecologically utilizing recorded data on cardiovascular disease mortality from 1990 to 2019 for males and females aged 50 years or more from the Global Burden of Disease dataset. Data was interned into Joinpoint software 4.9.0.0 to present Annual Percent Change (APC), Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC), and its confidence intervals. The relationship between recorded data on ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease' mortality, the prevalence of high systolic blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol levels, high body mass index, and diabetes mellitus type2 was investigated using the Spearman correlation test in R 3.5.0 software. Our finding demonstrated that cardiovascular diseases in elderly males and females in Iran had a general decreasing trend (AAPC = -0.77% and -0.65%, respectively). The results showed a positive correlation between exposure to ambient ozone pollution (p ≤ 0.001, r = 0.94) ambient particulate and air pollution (p < 0.001, r = 0.99) and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Also, ambient air pollution was positively correlated with high systolic blood pressure (p < 0.001, r = 0.98), high LDL cholesterol levels (p < 0.001, r = 0.97), high body mass index (p < 0.001, r = 0.91), diabetes mellitus type2 (p < 0.001, r = 0.77). Evidence from this study indicated that ambient air pollution, directly and indirectly, affects cardiovascular disease mortality in two ways by increasing the prevalence of some traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Evidence-based clinical and public health methodologies are necessary to decrease the burden of death and disability associated with cardiovascular disease.
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Li J, Lu A, Si S, Zhang K, Tang F, Yang F, Xue F. Exposure to various ambient air pollutants increases the risk of venous thromboembolism: A cohort study in UK Biobank. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157165. [PMID: 35839901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence for the association between air pollutants exposure and venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains controversial. In this study, a total of 389,659 participants from the UK Biobank who were free of VTE in 2010 were included, and the annual mean concentrations of air pollutants near where participants lived were collected. During a median follow-up period of 8.25 years, 4986 VTEs were determined from the hospital admission records. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the association between air pollutants and VTE. We firstly investigated the associations between air pollutants concentration and VTE and found only NO2 and NO increased VTE risk (P < 0.05). We further calculated the product of air pollutant concentrations and outdoor time to measure personal daily cumulative exposure and found that the hazard rates (HRs) of VTE for a 50-μg/m3∗day increase in daily cumulative exposure to PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, NO, and NO2 were 1.08 (1.05-1.12), 1.16 (1.09-1.24), 1.23 (1.11-1.37), 1.04 (1.01-1.06), and 1.05 (1.03-1.08), respectively. To measure joint exposure to various air pollutants and its effect on VTE, we created a weighted air pollutants exposure score (APES) and found a dose-response relationship between APES and VTE risk (P < 0.001 for trend). Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of APES, the HRs of VTE were 1.19 (1.08-1.30) for those within the highest quintile groups. Furthermore, we also found the effect of air pollutants on VTE was statistically significant only in individuals with low-middle VTE genetic risk score (GRS) (P < 0.05), but not in the high VTE GRS groups (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that exposure to various air pollutants including PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, NO, and NO2, either individually or jointly, were associated with an increased risk of VTE in a dose-response pattern. Our study highlights the importance of a comprehensive assessment of various air pollutants in VTE prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Aimei Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Shucheng Si
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Center for Big Data Research in Health and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China; Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; Healthcare Big Data Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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6
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Bumroongkit C, Liwsrisakun C, Deesomchok A, Pothirat C, Theerakittikul T, Limsukon A, Trongtrakul K, Tajarernmuang P, Niyatiwatchanchai N, Euathrongchit J, Inchai J, Chaiwong W. Correlation of Air Pollution and Prevalence of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Northern Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12808. [PMID: 36232104 PMCID: PMC9566050 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the level of air pollution and acute pulmonary embolism (APE) has had inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the high level of air pollution exposure and APE. METHODS A ten-year retrospective cohort, single-center study was performed on patients diagnosed with APE from October 2010 to December 2020. The association between air pollution and monthly APE case diagnosis was analyzed. RESULTS A total number of 696 patients was included. The effect of every 10 µg/m3 increment of particulate matters with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 µm (PM10) on total monthly APE cases (unprovoked PE and provoked PE) was increased significantly at lag 4, 5 and 6 months with adjusted RR (95% CI) of 1.06 (1.01, 1.12), p = 0.011, 1.07 (1.01, 1.13), p = 0.021 and 1.06 (1.01, 1.12), p = 0.030, respectively. Adjusted RR for APE was significantly increased for PM10 in the second tertile ((adjusted RR (95% CI) 1.76 (1.12, 2.77)), p = 0.014. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that PM10 is associated with an increased prevalence of APE cases. The policy for tighter control of air pollution in our country is needed to reduce the impact of air pollutants on people's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Bumroongkit
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chalerm Liwsrisakun
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Athavudh Deesomchok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Chaicharn Pothirat
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Theerakorn Theerakittikul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Atikun Limsukon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Konlawij Trongtrakul
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pattraporn Tajarernmuang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nutchanok Niyatiwatchanchai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Juntima Euathrongchit
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Inchai
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Warawut Chaiwong
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Chaulin AM, Sergeev AK. The Role of Fine Particles (PM 2.5) in the Genesis of Atherosclerosis and Myocardial Damage: Emphasis on Clinical and Epidemiological Data, and Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Cardiol Res 2022; 13:268-282. [PMID: 36405225 PMCID: PMC9635774 DOI: 10.14740/cr1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the fact that atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) dominate in the structure of morbidity, disability and mortality of the population, the study of the risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic CVDs, as well as the study of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms thereof, is the most important area of scientific research in modern medicine. Understanding these aspects will allow to improve the set of treatment and preventive measures and activities. One of the important risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, which has been actively studied recently, is air pollution with fine particulate matter (PM 2.5). According to clinical and epidemiological data, the level of air pollution with PM 2.5 exceeds the normative indicators in most regions of the world and is associated with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis and mortality from atherosclerotic CVDs. The aim of this article is to systematize and discuss in detail the role of PM 2.5 in the development of atherosclerosis and myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey Michailovich Chaulin
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443099, Russia
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443099, Russia
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Basith S, Manavalan B, Shin TH, Park CB, Lee WS, Kim J, Lee G. The Impact of Fine Particulate Matter 2.5 on the Cardiovascular System: A Review of the Invisible Killer. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152656. [PMID: 35957086 PMCID: PMC9370264 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution exerts several deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounting for 80% of all premature deaths caused by air pollution. Short-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) leads to acute CVD-associated deaths and nonfatal events, whereas long-term exposure increases CVD-associated risk of death and reduces longevity. Here, we summarize published data illustrating how PM2.5 may impact the cardiovascular system to provide information on the mechanisms by which it may contribute to CVDs. We provide an overview of PM2.5, its associated health risks, global statistics, mechanistic underpinnings related to mitochondria, and hazardous biological effects. We elaborate on the association between PM2.5 exposure and CVD development and examine preventive PM2.5 exposure measures and future strategies for combating PM2.5-related adverse health effects. The insights gained can provide critical guidelines for preventing pollution-related CVDs through governmental, societal, and personal measures, thereby benefitting humanity and slowing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaherin Basith
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Balachandran Manavalan
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Tae Hwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Chan Bae Park
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
| | - Wang-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea;
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06973, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Gwang Lee
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea; (S.B.); (T.H.S.); (C.B.P.)
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (G.L.)
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Schiff JE, Vieira CLZ, Garshick E, Wang V, Blomberg A, Gold DR, Schwartz J, Tracy SM, Vokonas P, Koutrakis P. The role of solar and geomagnetic activity in endothelial activation and inflammation in the NAS cohort. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268700. [PMID: 35881632 PMCID: PMC9321765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the associations between solar and geomagnetic activity and circulating biomarkers of systemic inflammation and endothelial activation in the Normative Aging Study (NAS) cohort. Mixed effects models with moving day averages from day 0 to day 28 were used to study the associations between solar activity (sunspot number (SSN), interplanetary magnetic field (IMF)), geomagnetic activity (planetary K index (Kp index), and various inflammatory and endothelial markers. Biomarkers included intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen. After adjusting for demographic and meteorological variables, we observed significant positive associations between sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 concentrations and solar and geomagnetic activity parameters: IMF, SSN, and Kp. Additionally, a negative association was observed between fibrinogen and Kp index and a positive association was observed for CRP and SSN. These results demonstrate that solar and geomagnetic activity might be upregulating endothelial activation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Schiff
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Carolina L. Z. Vieira
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Eric Garshick
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine Section, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Veronica Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Annelise Blomberg
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Diane R. Gold
- Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Professor of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Samantha M. Tracy
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- VA Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and the Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Li L, Huang S, Tian Y, Ji J, Zhang Y, Hu J, Lv Z, Liu N, Wang P, Yin P, Yu S. Short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide and ischemic stroke incidence in Shenzhen, China: Modification effects by season and temperature. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113644. [PMID: 35588618 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES China has experienced a serious public health burden because of the increased incidence of ischemic stroke. Evidence describing the association between short-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ischemic stroke morbidity is limited, and few studies have focused on the effects of season and temperature. This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of NO2 on ischemic stroke incidence in Shenzhen, a southeastern city of China, considering the modified effects of season and temperature. METHODS A time-stratified case-crossover study was conducted between 2003 and 2014 among 98,482 ischemic stroke hospitalizations. Conditional quasi-Poisson regression was used to estimate the percentage changes in ischemic stroke admissions in relation to each 10 μg/m3 increment in NO2. RESULTS NO2 was positively associated with ischemic stroke onset over the full year, as well as in the cold season (November through April) and on cold days (ambient temperature≤median temperature), with significant single-day effects within 3 days after the exposure, and significant cumulative effects within the delayed five days. The maximum percentage changes were obtained at lag0-5, with 1.81% (95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.86-2.76%) over the full year, 2.75% (1.48-4.03%) in the cold season, and 3.04% (1.74-4.35%) on cold days. Additionally, the effects of exposure were found to be greater in males and people with higher education, and were lasting longer in subgroups of older individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that reductions in NO2 levels might decrease ischemic stroke morbidity, and enhance the understanding of ischemic stroke occurrence associated with NO2 modified by season and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Suli Huang
- Department of Environment and Health, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchen Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jiajia Ji
- Department of Environment and Health, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Environment and Health, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Shuyuan Yu
- Department of Environment and Health, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Miao H, Li X, Wang X, Nie S. Air pollution increases the risk of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2022; 37:259-266. [PMID: 34107570 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Air pollution can lead to many cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, but the impact of air pollution on pulmonary embolism is still uncertain. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between air pollution and pulmonary embolism. CONTENT We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochran Library for citations on air pollutants (carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone and particulate matter) and pulmonary embolism. A total of nine citations met the inclusion criteria. There is no evidence of bias. CO, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 had no significant effect on the occurrence of pulmonary embolism. NO2 and O3 can increase the risk of pulmonary embolism to a small extent. SUMMARY This meta-analysis suggests that some air pollutants are associated with an increased risk of pulmonary embolism. OUTLOOK Reducing air pollution and improving air quality can effectively reduce the risk of pulmonary embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangtai Miao
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Chaoyang-qu, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Chaoyang-qu, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, 2 Anzhen Rd, Chaoyang District, 100029, Chaoyang-qu, Beijing, China
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12
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Gwon JG, Lee SA, Park KY, Oh SU, Kim JS, Seo HM. Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in the General Population: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123517. [PMID: 35743587 PMCID: PMC9224855 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the relationship between air pollutants and venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been well established. Our aim is to investigate the association between ambient air pollutants and the incidence of VTE using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort (NHIS-HEALS) database. From 2003 to 2015, 338,616 subjects from the general population not previously diagnosed with VTE were included. The long-term average concentration of air pollutants before diagnosis for each subject was calculated. During the study period, there were 3196 incident cases of VTE. After adjusting for age, gender, economic status, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, comorbid diseases, and meteorological variables, the risk of VTE was observed to increase significantly with the long-term average concentration of particulate matter < 10 μm in diameter: PM10 (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.064 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.053−1.074) for 1 μg/m3), SO2 (HR = 1.118 (95% CI 1.079−1.158) 1 ppb), and O3 (HR = 1.039 (95% CI 1.026−1.053) for 1 ppb), respectively. A difference between the date of the health screening and the date of diagnosis of the disease was observed. Long-term exposure to air pollutants including PM10, SO2, and O3 may be an independent risk factor for the development of VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gyo Gwon
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.G.G.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Sang Ah Lee
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea; (J.G.G.); (S.A.L.)
| | - Kye-Yeung Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Se Uk Oh
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si 11923, Korea; (S.U.O.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Joung Soo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si 11923, Korea; (S.U.O.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Hyun-Min Seo
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, 153, Gyeongchun-ro, Guri-si 11923, Korea; (S.U.O.); (J.S.K.)
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +82-31-560-2286
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13
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de Bont J, Jaganathan S, Dahlquist M, Persson Å, Stafoggia M, Ljungman P. Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. J Intern Med 2022; 291:779-800. [PMID: 35138681 PMCID: PMC9310863 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The available evidence on the effects of ambient air pollution on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has increased substantially. In this umbrella review, we summarized the current epidemiological evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses linking ambient air pollution and CVDs, with a focus on geographical differences and vulnerable subpopulations. We performed a search strategy through multiple databases including articles between 2010 and 31 January 2021. We performed a quality assessment and evaluated the strength of evidence. Of the 56 included reviews, the most studied outcomes were stroke (22 reviews), all-cause CVD mortality, and morbidity (19). The strongest evidence was found between higher short- and long-term ambient air pollution exposure and all-cause CVD mortality and morbidity, stroke, blood pressure, and ischemic heart diseases (IHD). Short-term exposures to particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5 ), <10 μm (PM10 ), and nitrogen oxides (NOx ) were consistently associated with increased risks of hypertension and triggering of myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke (fatal and nonfatal). Long-term exposures of PM2.5 were largely associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis, incident MI, hypertension, and incident stroke and stroke mortality. Few reviews evaluated other CVD outcomes including arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation, or heart failure but they generally reported positive statistical associations. Stronger associations were found in Asian countries and vulnerable subpopulations, especially among the elderly, cardiac patients, and people with higher weight status. Consistent with experimental data, this comprehensive umbrella review found strong evidence that higher levels of ambient air pollution increase the risk of CVDs, especially all-cause CVD mortality, stroke, and IHD. These results emphasize the importance of reducing the alarming levels of air pollution across the globe, especially in Asia, and among vulnerable subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen de Bont
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suganthi Jaganathan
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Environmental Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Delhi-NCR, India.,Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India
| | - Marcus Dahlquist
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åsa Persson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Danderyd University Hospital, Danderyd, Sweden
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14
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Di Blasi C, Renzi M, Michelozzi P, De' Donato F, Scortichini M, Davoli M, Forastiere F, Mannucci PM, Stafoggia M. Association between air temperature, air pollution and hospital admissions for pulmonary embolism and venous thrombosis in Italy. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 96:74-80. [PMID: 34702659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported a link between short-term exposure to environmental stressors (air pollution and air temperature) and atherothrombotic cardiovascular diseases. However, only few of them reported consistent associations with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Our aim was to estimate the association between daily air temperature and particulate matter (PM) air pollution with hospital admissions for pulmonary embolism (PE) and venous thrombosis (VT) at national level in Italy. METHODS We collected daily hospital PE and VT admissions from the Italian Ministry of Health during 2006-2015 in all the 8,084 municipalities of Italy, and we merged them with air temperature and daily PM10 concentrations estimated by satellite-based spatiotemporal models. First, we applied multivariate Poisson regression models at province level. Then, we obtained national overall effects by random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS This analysis was conducted on 219,952 PE and 275,506 VT hospitalizations. Meta-analytical results showed weak associations between the two exposures and the study outcomes in the full year analysis. During autumn and winter, PE hospital admissions increased by 1.07% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.21%; 1.92%) and 0.96% (95% CI: 0.07%; 1.83%) respectively, per 1 °C decrement of air temperature in the previous 10 days (lag 0-10). In summer we observed adverse effects at high temperatures, with a 1% (95% CI: 0.10%; 1.91%) increasing risk per 1 °C increment. We found no association between VT and cold temperatures. CONCLUSION Results show a significant effect of air temperature on PE hospitalizations in the cold seasons and summer. No effect of particulate matter was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Di Blasi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma1.
| | - Matteo Renzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma1
| | - Paola Michelozzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma1
| | | | | | - Marina Davoli
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service / ASL Roma1
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
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15
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The Adverse Effects of Air Pollution on the Eye: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031186. [PMID: 35162209 PMCID: PMC8834466 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is inevitably the result of human civilization, industrialization, and globalization. It is composed of a mixture of gases and particles at harmful levels. Particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon dioxides (CO2) are mainly generated from vehicle emissions and fuel consumption and are the main materials causing outdoor air pollution. Exposure to polluted outdoor air has been proven to be harmful to human eyes. On the other hand, indoor air pollution from environmental tobacco smoking, heating, cooking, or poor indoor ventilation is also related to several eye diseases, including conjunctivitis, glaucoma, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In the past 30 years, no updated review has provided an overview of the impact of air pollution on the eye. We reviewed reports on air pollution and eye diseases in the last three decades in the PubMed database, Medline databases, and Google Scholar and discussed the effect of various outdoor and indoor pollutants on human eyes.
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16
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Sun H, Li Y, Zhang J, Shi T, Li X, Cao X, Wang T, Kong N, Pang Y, Bold T, Zheng Y, Zhang R, Tang J. Platelet Mitochondrial DNA Methylation as Epigenetic Biomarker of Short-Term Air Pollution Exposure in Healthy Subjects. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:803488. [PMID: 35127821 PMCID: PMC8809460 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.803488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution exposure is now considered a growing concern for global public health. RNA or DNA methylation changes caused by air pollution may be related to the development of cardiovascular disease. To investigate the early biomarkers of air pollution exposure, a panel study of eight college students recorded after a business trip from Qingdao to Shijiazhuang and back to Qingdao was performed in this work. The concentration of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO in Shijiazhuang was higher than that in Qingdao during the study period. The platelet count was positively correlated with air pollutants of 0–6 day moving averages (βPM2.5 = 88.90; βPM10 = 61.83; βSO2 = 41.13; βNO2 = 57.70; βCO = 62.99, respectively, for an IQR increased). Additionally, internal dose biomarkers 2-OHNa, 1-OHNa, 2-OHFlu, 2,3-OHPhe, and ∑PAHs were also significantly associated with platelet count in participants. Furthermore, PM2.5 and PM10 are positively linked with methylation of one CpG site at platelet mitochondrial gene CO2 (PM2.5 = 0.47; PM10 = 0.25, respectively, for an IQR increase). Both platelet counts and methylation levels returned to their pre-exposure levels after leaving the highly contaminated area. In short, this study investigated the relationship between platelet properties and air pollution exposure, revealing that short-term exposure to air pollution might increase the risk of thrombosis. Our research suggests that platelet count and mitochondrial DNA methylation of mtCO2 site 2 in platelets from healthy adults may be the novel biomarker for acute exposure to air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Sun
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanting Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Teng Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nan Kong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yaxian Pang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tsendmaa Bold
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Zhang, ; Jinglong Tang,
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rong Zhang, ; Jinglong Tang,
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17
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The Impact of Short-Term Outdoor Air Pollution on Clinical Status and Prognosis of Hospitalized Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Treated with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030484. [PMID: 35159936 PMCID: PMC8836379 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of acute exposure to air pollutants on patients’ profile, short- and mid-term outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) treated with coronary angioplasty. Methods: Out of 19,582 patients of the TERCET Registry, 7521 patients living in the Upper Silesia and Zaglebie Metropolis were included. The study population was divided into two groups according to the diagnosis of chronic (CCS) or acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Data on 24-h average concentrations of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were obtained from eight environmental monitoring stations. Results: No significant association between pollutants’ concentration with baseline characteristic and in-hospital outcomes was observed. In the ACS group at 30 days, exceeding the 3rd quartile of PM10 was associated with almost 2-fold increased risk of adverse events and more than 3-fold increased risk of death. Exceeding the 3rd quartile of SO2 was connected with more than 8-fold increased risk of death at 30 days. In the CCS group, exceeding the 3rd quartile of SO2 was linked to almost 2,5-fold increased risk of 12-month death. Conclusions: The acute increase in air pollutants’ concentrations affect short- and mid-term prognosis in patients with CAD.
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18
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Nemmar A, Beegam S, Zaaba NE, Alblooshi S, Alseiari S, Ali BH. The Salutary Effects of Catalpol on Diesel Exhaust Particles-Induced Thrombogenic Changes and Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010099. [PMID: 35052780 PMCID: PMC8773344 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhaled particulate air pollution exerts pulmonary inflammation and cardiovascular toxicity through secondary systemic effects due to oxidative stress and inflammation. Catalpol, an iridiod glucoside, extracted from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Yet, the potential ameliorative effects of catalpol on particulate air pollution—induced cardiovascular toxicity, has not been studied so far. Hence, we evaluated the possible mitigating mechanism of catalpol (5 mg/kg) which was administered to mice by intraperitoneal injection one hour before the intratracheal (i.t.) administration of a relevant type of pollutant particle, viz. diesel exhaust particles (DEPs, 30 µg/mouse). Twenty-four hours after the lung deposition of DEPs, several cardiovascular endpoints were evaluated. DEPs caused a significant shortening of the thrombotic occlusion time in pial microvessels in vivo, induced platelet aggregation in vitro, and reduced the prothrombin time and the activated partial thromboplastin time. All these actions were effectively mitigated by catalpol pretreatment. Likewise, catalpol inhibited the increase of the plasma concentration of C-reactive proteins, fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and P- and E-selectins, induced by DEPs. Moreover, in heart tissue, catalpol inhibited the increase of markers of oxidative (lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase) and nitrosative (nitric oxide) stress, and inflammation (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β) triggered by lung exposure to DEPs. Exposure to DEPs also caused heart DNA damage and increased the levels of cytochrome C and cleaved caspase, and these effects were significantly diminished by the catalpol pretreatment. Moreover, catalpol significantly reduced the DEPs-induced increase of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) in the heart. In conclusion, catalpol significantly ameliorated DEPs–induced procoagulant events and heart oxidative and nitrosative stress, inflammation, DNA damage and apoptosis, at least partly, through the inhibition of NFκB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (S.B.); (N.E.Z.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (S.B.); (N.E.Z.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Nur Elena Zaaba
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (S.B.); (N.E.Z.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Salem Alblooshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (S.B.); (N.E.Z.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Saleh Alseiari
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates; (S.B.); (N.E.Z.); (S.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Badreldin H. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 35, Muscat 123, Oman;
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19
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Huynh Q, Marwick TH, Venkataraman P, Knibbs LD, Johnston FH, Negishi K. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with coronary artery calcification among asymptomatic adults. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 22:922-929. [PMID: 32356862 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the effects of exposure to very low levels of particulate matter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on coronary calcium score (CCS) in asymptomatic adults who are free of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 606 asymptomatic adults (49% men, aged 56±7 years) recruited from communities in three states of Australia during 2017-2018. CCS was measured using coronary computed tomography scan at recruitment. Annual PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were estimated on the year before recruitment using statistical exposure models and assigned to each participant's residential address. Medical history, physical measurements, biochemistry, and sociodemographic and socioeconomic status were also recorded. Median concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 were 6.9 µg/m3 [interquartile range (IQR) 6.0-7.7)] and 3.1 ppb [IQR 2.2-4.5], respectively. Of the 606 participants, 16% had high CCS (≥100) and 4% had very high CCS (≥400). Exposure to higher PM2.5 (per µg/m3) was significantly associated with greater odds of having high CCS (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02-1.43) and very high CCS (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.05-2.29). Similar associations were observed for NO2 and high CCS (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02-1.27) and very high CCS (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.07-1.51). These findings were robust to adjustment for sociodemographic factors, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, renal function, education, and socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS Ambient air pollution even at low concentration was associated with degree of coronary artery calcification among asymptomatic low cardiovascular risk adults, independent of other risk factors. These findings suggest that air pollution is one of the residual risk factors of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | | | | | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Fay H Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia
| | - Kazuaki Negishi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7000, Australia.,Sydney Medical School Nepean, Charles Perkins Centre Nepean, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2747, Australia
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20
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Signorelli SS, Oliveri Conti G, Carpinteri G, Lumera G, Fiore M, Dattilo G, Gaudio A, Ferrante M. Venous thromboembolism in hospital emergency room. A retrospective study on climatic effect. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:110950. [PMID: 33737078 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Several cardiovascular conditions exhibit seasonality in frequency and mortality, but little is known about the seasonality of Venous ThromboEmbolism (VTE), a very relevant medical condition, and seasonal influences are still conflicting. Patients having co-morbidities, individual suffered from dyspnea, swelling, edema of lower limb, pain (chest, lower limbs) are admitted frequently to the hospital emergency room (HER), particularly. Both mark a potential risk for VTE, that can be increased also by seasonality. A four years retrospective analysis (2016-2019) was carried out in individuals and patients admitted to the HER of the Hospital of Catania (a Mediterranean city of Sicily, Italy) to evaluate the VTE frequency and its seasonal differences, common symptoms, potential usage of some common laboratory tests. Dyspnea, swelling, edema of lower limb and pain (chest, lower limbs) were considered to suspect pulmonary embolism (PE) or for deep vein thrombosis of lower limb (DVT). Platelet count, platelet volume, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, and D-dimer were considered. VTE frequency per year was 2.9/10,000 (2016), 4.9/10,000 (2017) 3.6/10,000 (2018), and 5.1/10,000 (2019) respectively. Dyspnea was highly frequent for PE, edema and lower limb pain were frequent in DVT patients. Fibrinogen, C reactive protein, and D-dimer values were found raised in all the VTE patients. Platelet volume was found higher in DVT than PE VTE events that occurred in warm periods were modestly greater (57 VTE: 38 DVT, 19 PE) compared to cold months (52 VTE: 34 DVT, 18 PE). Our results could be explained by the increased sweating due to the high temperatures, which in turn, can affect both on plasma concentration and on hematocrit value coupled to the reduction in atmospheric pressure determining both a hyper-coagulative condition. Climate seasonal characteristics, and environmental conditions in Catania city (Sicily) may be as reasonable items in expecting on different VTE rates in warm period compared to cold. This study highlights no specific symptoms, and confirms the common lab tests for individuals and patients admitted to HER as simple and helpful tools in initiating none or mini-invasive diagnostic strategy for the VTE. Finally, the climate/seasonality coupled with latitude can have a direct influence on the incidence of DVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Santo Signorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. University of Catania, Italy; Internal Medicine Unit. University Hospital "G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy.
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia". University of Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Carpinteri
- Emergengy Medicine Division. University Hospital "G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lumera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. University of Catania, Italy; Internal Medicine Unit. University Hospital "G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Fiore
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia". University of Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dattilo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Agostino Gaudio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. University of Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia". University of Catania, Italy
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21
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Lei J, Li Z, Huang X, Li X, Zhang G, Kan H, Chen R, Zhang Y. The Acute Effect of Diesel Exhaust Particles and Different Fractions Exposure on Blood Coagulation Function in Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084136. [PMID: 33919809 PMCID: PMC8070753 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The toxicity and widespread exposure opportunity of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) has aroused public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of DEP and different fractions exposure on blood coagulation function in mice. In this study, nine- week-old C57BL/6J male mice were divided into four exposure groups (with 15 mice in each group). The water-soluble (WS) and water-insoluble (WIS) fractions of DEP were isolated, and intratracheal instillation was used for DEP, WS and WIS exposure. The phosphate buffer saline (PBS) exposure group was set as the control group. After 24 h exposure, the mice were sacrificed for blood routine, coagulation function and bleeding time examinations to estimate the acute effect of DEP, WS and WIS exposure on the blood coagulation function. In our results, no statistically significant difference in weight of body, brain and lung was observed in different exposure groups. While several core indexes in blood coagulation like bleeding time (BT), fibrinogen (FIB), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) altered or showed a lower tendency after DEP, WS and WIS exposure. For example, BT was lower In WIS exposure group (211.00 s) compared with PBS exposure group (238.50 s) (p < 0.01), and FIB was lower in WS exposure group (233.00 g/L) compared with PBS exposure group (249.50 g/L) (p < 0.05). Additionally, systemic inflammation-related indexes like white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEUT), lymphocyte count (LYMPH) altered after DEP, WS and WIS exposure. In conclusion, DEP, WS and WIS fractions exposure could result in the hypercoagulable state of blood in mice. The noteworthy effects of WS and WIS fractions exposure on blood coagulation function deserve further investigation of the potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lei
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (H.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Zhouzhou Li
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (H.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Xingke Huang
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (H.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guangzheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Haidong Kan
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (H.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Renjie Chen
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (J.L.); (Z.L.); (X.H.); (H.K.); (R.C.)
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (G.Z.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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Chen K, Breitner S, Wolf K, Stafoggia M, Sera F, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Guo Y, Tong S, Lavigne E, Matus P, Valdés N, Kan H, Jaakkola JJK, Ryti NRI, Huber V, Scortichini M, Hashizume M, Honda Y, Nunes B, Madureira J, Holobâcă IH, Fratianni S, Kim H, Lee W, Tobias A, Íñiguez C, Forsberg B, Åström C, Ragettli MS, Guo YLL, Chen BY, Li S, Milojevic A, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Bell ML, Gasparrini A, Schneider A. Ambient carbon monoxide and daily mortality: a global time-series study in 337 cities. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e191-e199. [PMID: 33838734 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence on short-term association between ambient carbon monoxide (CO) and mortality is inconclusive and limited to single cities, regions, or countries. Generalisation of results from previous studies is hindered by potential publication bias and different modelling approaches. We therefore assessed the association between short-term exposure to ambient CO and daily mortality in a multicity, multicountry setting. METHODS We collected daily data on air pollution, meteorology, and total mortality from 337 cities in 18 countries or regions, covering various periods from 1979 to 2016. All included cities had at least 2 years of both CO and mortality data. We estimated city-specific associations using confounder-adjusted generalised additive models with a quasi-Poisson distribution, and then pooled the estimates, accounting for their statistical uncertainty, using a random-effects multilevel meta-analytical model. We also assessed the overall shape of the exposure-response curve and evaluated the possibility of a threshold below which health is not affected. FINDINGS Overall, a 1 mg/m3 increase in the average CO concentration of the previous day was associated with a 0·91% (95% CI 0·32-1·50) increase in daily total mortality. The pooled exposure-response curve showed a continuously elevated mortality risk with increasing CO concentrations, suggesting no threshold. The exposure-response curve was steeper at daily CO levels lower than 1 mg/m3, indicating greater risk of mortality per increment in CO exposure, and persisted at daily concentrations as low as 0·6 mg/m3 or less. The association remained similar after adjustment for ozone but was attenuated after adjustment for particulate matter or sulphur dioxide, or even reduced to null after adjustment for nitrogen dioxide. INTERPRETATION This international study is by far the largest epidemiological investigation on short-term CO-related mortality. We found significant associations between ambient CO and daily mortality, even at levels well below current air quality guidelines. Further studies are warranted to disentangle its independent effect from other traffic-related pollutants. FUNDING EU Horizon 2020, UK Medical Research Council, and Natural Environment Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ana M Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shilu Tong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Matus
- Department of Public Health, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Valdés
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niilo R I Ryti
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Veronika Huber
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain; Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Baltazar Nunes
- Department of Epidemiology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal; Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- Department of Enviromental Health, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Simona Fratianni
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Whanhee Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Barcelona, Spain; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Ciberesp, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christofer Åström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martina S Ragettli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yue-Liang Leon Guo
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yu Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ai Milojevic
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
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23
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Xing Z, Zhang S, Jiang YT, Wang XX, Cui H. Association between prenatal air pollution exposure and risk of hypospadias in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8865-8879. [PMID: 33742607 PMCID: PMC8034939 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background: The findings of associations between prenatal air pollution exposure and hypospadias risk in offspring are inconsistent. No systematic review or meta-analysis has yet summarized the present knowledge on the aforementioned topic. Methods: Relevant manuscripts were identified by searching PubMed and Web of Science databases through January 31, 2020. Summary odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in meta-analyses were estimated based on a random effects model. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots, Begg’s test, and Egger’s test. Results: The search identified 3,032 relevant studies. Sixteen studies cumulatively involving 21,701 hypospadias cases and 1,465,364 participants were included. All of these studies were classified as having a low risk of bias. We classified pollutants as nitrogen oxides, particulate matter (PM), ozone, and other exposures. The exposure window to pollutants varied from three months before conception to seven days after delivery. In the meta-analyses, only PM2.5 exposure in the first trimester was related to increased risk of hypospadias (per 10 μg/m3 OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.06–1.68). Conclusion: We found evidence for an effect of PM2.5 exposure on hypospadias risk. Improvements in the areas of study design, exposure assessment, and specific exposure window are needed to advance this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Xing
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Ting Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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24
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Chen Y, Hodgson S, Gulliver J, Granell R, Henderson AJ, Cai Y, Hansell AL. Trimester effects of source-specific PM 10 on birth weight outcomes in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Environ Health 2021; 20:4. [PMID: 33413476 PMCID: PMC7788701 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00684-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) is associated with reduced birth weight, but information is limited on the sources of PM10 and exposure misclassification from assigning exposures to place of residence at birth. METHODS Trimester and source-specific PM10 exposures (PM10 from road source, local non-road source, and total source) in pregnancy were estimated using dispersion models and a full maternal residential history for 12,020 births from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) cohort in 1990-1992 in the Bristol area. Information on birth outcomes were obtained from birth records. Maternal sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were obtained from questionnaires. We used linear regression models for continuous outcomes (birth weight, head circumference (HC), and birth length (BL) and logistic regression models for binary outcomes (preterm birth (PTB), term low birth weight (TLBW) and small for gestational age (SGA)). Sensitivity analysis was performed using multiple imputation for missing covariate data. RESULTS After adjustment, interquartile range increases in source specific PM10 from traffic were associated with 17 to 18% increased odds of TLBW in all pregnancy periods. We also found odds of TLBW increased by 40% (OR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.12, 1.75) and odds of SGA increased by 18% (OR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.32) per IQR (6.54 μg/m3) increase of total PM10 exposure in the third trimester. CONCLUSION This study adds to evidence that maternal PM10 exposures affect birth weight, with particular concern in relation to exposures to PM10 from road transport sources; results for total PM10 suggest greatest effect in the third trimester. Effect size estimates relate to exposures in the 1990s and are higher than those for recent studies - this may relate to reduced exposure misclassification through use of full residential history information, changes in air pollution toxicity over time and/or residual confounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Chen
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, George Davies Centre, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
| | - Susan Hodgson
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Gulliver
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, George Davies Centre, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Raquel Granell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A. John Henderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yutong Cai
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Deep Medicine Programme, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna L. Hansell
- Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability, George Davies Centre, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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25
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Lin HC, Guo JM, Ge P, Ou P. Association between prenatal exposure to ambient particulate matter and risk of hypospadias in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110190. [PMID: 32919959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies on whether prenatal exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10 increases the risk of hypospadias are limited and the results are inconsistent. OBJECTIVES We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate these associations. METHODS Relevant studies were identified by searching the PubMed and Embase databases up to the end of February 2020. Observational studies that investigated the relationships between prenatal exposure to PM10, PM2.5, and PM2.5-10 and the risk of hypospadias in offspring were eligible for the review. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Random-effects models were used to estimate pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations. RESULTS Nine studies (two cohort and seven case-control studies) with a total of 2806 hypospadias cases were included. Eight studies were at low risk of bias and only one study was at high risk of bias. Five studies reported the association between per interquartile range increase in PM2.5 exposure within the first trimester and the risk of hypospadias. The pooled RR was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.36). Two studies reported the per interquartile range increase in PM2.5 exposure during 1 month before pregnancy associated with the risk of hypospadias, with a pooled RR of 1.25 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.51). No association was observed between PM2.5-10 and PM10 exposure during pregnancy and the risk of hypospadias in offspring. CONCLUSION This study suggested a modest association between prenatal PM2.5 exposure during 1 month before pregnancy or within the first trimester and the risk of hypospadias in offspring. Further large-scale cohort studies are required to verify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chuan Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing-Min Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Pin Ge
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ping Ou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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26
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Chua SYL, Khawaja AP, Dick AD, Morgan J, Dhillon B, Lotery AJ, Strouthidis NG, Reisman C, Peto T, Khaw PT, Foster PJ, Patel PJ. Ambient Air Pollution Associations with Retinal Morphology in the UK Biobank. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:32. [PMID: 32428233 PMCID: PMC7405693 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Because air pollution has been linked to glaucoma and AMD, we characterized the relationship between pollution and retinal structure. Methods We examined data from 51,710 UK Biobank participants aged 40 to 69 years old. Ambient air pollution measures included particulates and nitrogen oxides. SD-OCT imaging measured seven retinal layers: retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layer, photoreceptor inner segments, photoreceptor outer segments, and RPE. Multivariable regression was used to evaluate associations between pollutants (per interquartile range increase) and retinal thickness, adjusting for age, sex, race, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, smoking status, and refractive error. Results Participants exposed to greater particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 µm (PM2.5) and higher nitrogen oxides were more likely to have thicker retinal nerve fiber layer (β = 0.28 µm; 95% CI, 0.22–0.34; P = 3.3 × 10−20 and β = 0.09 µm; 95% CI, 0.04–0.14; P = 2.4 × 10−4, respectively), and thinner ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layer thicknesses (P < 0.001). Participants resident in areas of higher levels of PM2.5 absorbance were more likely to have thinner retinal nerve fiber layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer plexiform layer + outer nuclear layers (β = –0.16 [95% CI, –0.22 to –0.10; P = 5.7 × 10−8]; β = –0.09 [95% CI, –0.12 to –0.06; P = 2.2 × 10−12]; and β = –0.12 [95% CI, –0.19 to –0.05; P = 8.3 × 10−4], respectively). Conclusions Greater exposure to PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance, and nitrogen oxides were all associated with apparently adverse retinal structural features.
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Jaafari J, Naddafi K, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh R, Hassanvand MS, Shamsipour M, Ghozikali MG, Shamsollahi HR, Nazmara S, Yaghmaeian K. The acute effects of short term exposure to particulate matter from natural and anthropogenic sources on inflammation and coagulation markers in healthy young adults. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 735:139417. [PMID: 32498012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter is associated with increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between air pollution conditions and MDA, vWF, and fibrinogen markers in the blood of two panels of healthy young individuals in an urban area in Tehran city with a high air pollution background and another group was living in a rural area (Ahmad Abad Mostofi), with a low air pollution background. In each group, 4 blood samples were taken as follows: one in inversion days, the second in winter, but during the existence of normal condition in terms of air pollution, the third sample in the spring during the normal condition in terms of air pollution and the fourth sample during the dust storm conditions. In the urban and rural groups, there was a significant difference between the concentration of MDA, vWF, fibrinogen between inversion and cold season control conditions, and between dust storm conditions and warm season control conditions (p < 0.05). The results showed that the association of dust storm condition on the measured biomarkers was stronger than the inversion condition, which health consideration in the dust conditions be taken into account similar to the inversion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Jaafari
- Research Center of Health and Environment, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Naddafi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ramin Nabizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mansour Shamsipour
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Reza Shamsollahi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Yaghmaeian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Shahrbaf MA, Akbarzadeh MA, Tabary M, Khaheshi I. Air Pollution and Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2020; 46:100649. [PMID: 32839041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is the mixture of some chemical and environmental agents including dust, fumes, gases, particulate matters, and biological materials which can be harmful for the environment and the human body. The increasing trend of the air pollution, especially in developing countries, may exert its detrimental effects on human health. The potentially harmful effects of air pollution on the human health have been recognized and many epidemiological studies have clearly suggested the strong association between air pollution exposure and increased morbidities and mortalities. Air pollutants are classified into gaseous pollutants including carbon mono oxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone and sulfur dioxide, and particulate matters (PMs). All air pollutants have destructive effects on the health systems including cardiovascular system. Many studies have demonstrated the effect of air pollutant on the occurrence of ST elevation myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, cardiac arrythmias, and peripheral arterial disease. Recently, some studies suggested that air pollution may be associated with cardiac arrhythmias. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively review the last evidences related to the association of air pollutant and cardiac arrythmias. We found that particulate matters (PM10, PM2.5, and UFP) and gaseous air pollutants can exert undesirable effects on cardiac rhythms. Short-term and long-term exposure to the air pollutants can interact with the cardiac rhythms through oxidative stress, autonomic dysfunction, coagulation dysfunction, and inflammation. It seems that particulate matters, especially PM2.5 have stronger association with cardiac arrhythmias among all air pollutants. However, future studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Jiang Y, Chen J, Wu C, Lin X, Zhou Q, Ji S, Yang S, Zhang X, Liu B. Temporal cross-correlations between air pollutants and outpatient visits for respiratory and circulatory system diseases in Fuzhou, China. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1131. [PMID: 32690064 PMCID: PMC7370472 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08915-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that there is an association between air pollutants and circulatory and respiratory diseases; however, relatively few have analyzed the association between air pollutants and outpatient visits based on the mortality, hospitalization rates, etc., especially in areas with relatively good air quality. Therefore, we conducted this study to research the association between air pollutants and outpatient visits in Fuzhou, China. METHODS We used a generalized linear Poisson model to study the association between air pollution and outpatient visits for respiratory and circulatory diseases from 2016 to 2018 in Fuzhou, China. RESULTS In the single pollutant model, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) had a significant effect. For lag day 0 to lag day 5, the effect decreased with every 10 μg/L increase in NO2. The daily maximum 8-h mean ozone (O3-8h) and upper respiratory outpatient visits were positively associated during the cold period [lag2, excess risk (ER) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 1.68% (0.44-2.94%)], while O3-8h and respiratory disease were positively associated during the warm period [lag5, ER (95% CI): 1.10% (0.11-2.10%) and lag4, ER (95% CI): 1.02% (0.032-2.02%)]. Similarly, particulate matter (PM) with an average aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10) and lower respiratory diseases were positively associated during the warm period [lag0, ER (95% CI): 1.68% (0.44-2.94%)]. When the concentration of O3-8h was higher than 100 μg/L, there was a positive effect on circulatory [lag5, ER (95% CI): 2.83% (0.65-5.06%)], respiratory [lag5, ER (95% CI): 2.47% (0.85-4.11%)] and upper respiratory [lag5, ER (95% CI): 3.06% (1.38-4.77%)] outpatient visits. The variation in O3-8h changed slightly when we adjusted for other air pollutants, and after adjusting for O3-8h, the ERs of the other air pollutants changed slightly. After adjusting for PM with an average aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), the ERs of the other air pollutants increased, and after adjusting for NO2, the ER of PM decreased. CONCLUSION Exposure to ambient NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with an increase in respiratory and circulatory system-related outpatient visits in Fuzhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiedong Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chuancheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shumi Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuangfeng Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baoying Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Keller K, Hobohm L, Münzel T, Konstantinides SV, Lankeit M. Sex-specific and age-related seasonal variations regarding incidence and in-hospital mortality of pulmonary embolism in Germany. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00181-2020. [PMID: 32607372 PMCID: PMC7306502 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00181-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studies have reported seasonal variations regarding the incidence and the short-term mortality of pulmonary embolism (PE). The aim of this study was to identify sex-specific and age-related differences in seasonal patterns regarding hospitalisations and mortality of PE patients. Methods We analysed the impact of seasons on incidence and in-hospital mortality of male and female hospitalised PE patients in Germany (2005-2015) based on the German nationwide inpatient sample. Results The German nationwide inpatient sample comprised 885 806 hospitalisations due to PE (2005-2015). Seasonal variations of both incidence (p=0.021) and in-hospital mortality (p<0.001) were of significant magnitude. Quarterly annual incidence (25.5 versus 23.7 of 100 000 citizens per year, p=0.021) and in-hospital mortality (17.0% versus 16.7%, p=0.008) were higher in winter than in summer. Risk of in-hospital mortality in winter was slightly higher (OR 1.03 (95% CI 1.01-1.06), p=0.015) compared to summer, independently of sex, age and comorbidities. Additionally, we observed sex-specific differences during seasons: the highest number of hospitalisations of PE patients of both sexes was during winter, whereas the nadir of male patients was in spring and that of female patients was in summer. Both sexes showed a maximum of in-hospital mortality in spring. Seasonal variation regarding incidence and mortality was pronounced in older patients. Conclusion Incidence and the in-hospital mortality of PE patients showed a significant seasonal variation with sex-specific differences. Although it has to be hypothesised that the seasonal variation of PE is multifactorially dependent, variation in each season was not explained by seasonal differences regarding age, sex and the prevalence of important comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Keller
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany
| | - Lukas Hobohm
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stavros V Konstantinides
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany.,Dept of Cardiology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Mareike Lankeit
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany.,Dept of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK), Charité - University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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de Miguel-Diez J, Blasco-Esquivias I, Rodriguez-Matute C, Bedate-Diaz P, Lopez-Reyes R, Fernandez-Capitan C, Garcia-Fuika S, Lobo-Beristain JL, Garcia-Lozaga A, Quezada CA, Murga-Arizabaleta I, Garcia-Ortega A, Rodríguez-Davila MA, Marin-Barrera L, Otero-Candelera R, Praena-Fernandez JM, Jara-Palomares L. Correlation between short-term air pollution exposure and unprovoked lung embolism. Prospective observational (Contamina-TEP Group). Thromb Res 2020; 192:134-140. [PMID: 32480167 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to analyze the temporal relationship between short-term air pollution exposure and acute symptomatic unprovoked pulmonary embolism (PE). PATIENTS/METHODS We performed a prospective, multicenter study in consecutive patients diagnosed with acute symptomatic unprovoked PE from February 2012 to January 2013. We analyzed demographic and clinical data, patients' addresses, meteorological and air pollutants data (PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, ozone emission data). We considered the number of days the patient had symptoms, and the study period constituted the previous 30 days. Likewise, the mean annual data of the reference season were calculated as well as the data of the 30-day study period corresponding to the same dates in the previous 3 years in order to obtain the monthly mean of the different pollutants for each period. RESULTS A total of 162 patients with acute symptomatic PE were recruited (43.2% unprovoked PE). The air pollutants could be determined in 50% of the patients with unprovoked PE, and a final analysis was performed in 35 patients. In the multiple comparison analysis to verify a possible correlation between the study period and the annual median, only NO2 showed a statistically significant association (p = 0.009). When comparing the study period with the previous 3 years, only NO2 maintained a statistically significant association for the 3 study periods. CONCLUSIONS We found a relationship between short-term exposure to NO2 and the presence of unprovoked PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier de Miguel-Diez
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucia Marin-Barrera
- Servicio de Neumología, Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Remedios Otero-Candelera
- Servicio de Neumología, Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Jara-Palomares
- Servicio de Neumología, Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Mudway
- MRC Centre for Environment & Health of Population Health Sciences, King's College London, UK.
| | - F J Kelly
- MRC Centre for Environment & Health of Population Health Sciences, King's College London and Imperial College London, UK
| | - S T Holgate
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Huang CY, Liu CL, Chen MH, Tsao PN, Chen CY, Chou HC, Chen PC. Maternal exposure to air pollution and the risk of small for gestational age in offspring: A population-based study in Taiwan. Pediatr Neonatol 2020; 61:231-237. [PMID: 31818536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2019.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution has been associated with a wide range of adverse health effects; however, few studies addressed the relationship between ambient particulate matter as well as the compositions in particulate matter such as lead and the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) in offspring. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of maternal exposure to criteria air pollutants and the lead in total suspended particulate matter during pregnancy on SGA births in Taiwan. METHODS This population study consisted of 322,513 singleton live births in Taiwan between 1996 and 2002. Daytime (7 AM-7 PM) exposure to particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3), and monthly exposure to lead in total suspended particles (TSP) during each trimester were estimated. Generalized additive model (GAM) was used to assess the association between maternal exposure to particulate air pollutants and SGA births, taking into account potential confounders and gaseous air pollutants. RESULTS We found significant association between the highest quartile (≥75th) of maternal PM10 exposure and SGA and demonstrated a significant exposure-response relationship. Furthermore, the highest quartile (≥75th) of maternal lead exposure was also associated with SGA during the second and third trimester of pregnancy, and there was a significant exposure-response relationship between maternal lead exposure and SGA during pregnancy. CONCLUSION Maternal exposure to PM10 and lead in total suspended particulate matter during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of SGA in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Liu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Huei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Po-Nien Tsao
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; The Research Center of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chieh Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Innovation and Policy Center for Population Health and Sustainable Environment, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Huang CC, Pan SC, Chen BY, Guo YL. Periconceptional exposure to air pollution and congenital hypospadias among full-term infants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109151. [PMID: 32000002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence regarding whether prenatal exposure to air pollution increases the risk of hypospadias remains limited. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between exposure to ambient air pollution during early pregnancy and the incidence of hypospadias. METHODS We conducted a 1:10 case-control study using the Taiwanese Birth Registry database. Male full-term infants reported to have hypospadias were defined as cases, and controls were randomly selected from male full-term infants without any congenital anomaly. The monthly average of ambient air pollutants, including PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, NO2, NOx, O3, and O3 8-h maximum, from 3 months before conception to 6 months post conception was retrieved from air quality monitoring stations and interpolated to the level of township using the kriging method. Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the associations. RESULTS A total of 200 hypospadias cases, with 2000 healthy controls sampled, were reported during 2007-2014. The results revealed that PM2.5 exposure during the first 3 months after conception (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.65, per interquartile range [IQR] = 15.6 μg/m3) and O3 exposure during the first month after conception (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.08-1.82, per IQR = 8.0 ppb) were associated with a higher incidence of hypospadias. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study suggest that early gestational exposure to ambient air pollution increases the risk of hypospadias among full-term infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chun Huang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Pan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yue Leon Guo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.
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Renzi M, Stafoggia M, Michelozzi P, Davoli M, Forastiere F, Solimini AG. Short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and risk of venous thromboembolism: A case-crossover study. Thromb Res 2020; 190:52-57. [PMID: 32302781 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term exposure to air pollution increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity but little evidence is available on pollution effects on venous thromboembolism (VTE), a common vascular disease. METHODS We conducted a case-crossover analysis of all urgent hospitalizations for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) among patients >35 years during the period 2006 to 2017 in Rome (Italy). We examined whether 1) short-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μg (PM2.5) increases the risk of hospitalization for DVT or PE, and 2) if the associations are modified by the period of the year (warm and cold seasons), sex, age and comorbidity. RESULTS We found that short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increase of PE hospitalization risk of during the warm season (April to September) of 19.6% (95% confidence intervals: 8.3, 31%) per 10 μg/m3, while no statistically significant effects were displayed during the cold season or the whole year or for DVT hospitalizations. The effect of PM2.5 remained significant (%change: 21.3; 95%CI: 5.4, 39.5) after adjustment for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) co-exposure (a marker of traffic sources) and when limiting to primary diagnosis of PE (%change: 19.1; 95%CI: 4.2, 36.1). Age, sex and comorbid conditions did not modify the association. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested a positive association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and pulmonary embolism during the warm period of the year while no evidence emerged for deep vein thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Renzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Health Authority Service, ASL Rome 1, Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Health Authority Service, ASL Rome 1, Rome, Italy; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karonlinska Instituet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paola Michelozzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Health Authority Service, ASL Rome 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Davoli
- Department of Epidemiology, Health Authority Service, ASL Rome 1, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angelo G Solimini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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Gondalia R, Holliday KM, Baldassari A, Justice AE, Stewart JD, Liao D, Yanosky JD, Engel SM, Jordahl KM, Bhatti P, Horvath S, Assimes TL, Pankow JS, Demerath EW, Guan W, Fornage M, Bressler J, North KE, Conneely KN, Li Y, Hou L, Baccarelli AA, Whitsel EA. Leukocyte Traits and Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution in the Women's Health Initiative and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:17004. [PMID: 31903802 PMCID: PMC7015624 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) air pollution exposures may underlie PM-related increases in cardiovascular disease risk and mortality, although evidence of PM-associated leukocytosis is inconsistent and largely based on small, cross-sectional, and/or unrepresentative study populations. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to estimate PM-leukocyte associations among U.S. women and men in the Women's Health Initiative and Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (n = 165,675 ). METHODS We based the PM-leukocyte estimations on up to four study visits per participant, at which peripheral blood leukocytes and geocoded address-specific concentrations of PM ≤ 10 , ≤ 2.5 , and 2.5 - 10 μ m in diameter (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and PM 2.5 - 10 , respectively) were available. We multiply imputed missing data using chained equations and estimated PM-leukocyte count associations over daily to yearly PM exposure averaging periods using center-specific, linear, mixed, longitudinal models weighted for attrition and adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, meteorological, and geographic covariates. In a subset of participants with available data (n = 8,457 ), we also estimated PM-leukocyte proportion associations in compositional data analyses. RESULTS We found a 12 cells / μ L (95% confidence interval: - 9 , 33) higher leukocyte count, a 1.2% (0.6%, 1.8%) higher granulocyte proportion, and a - 1.1 % (- 1.9 % , - 0.3 % ) lower CD 8 + T-cell proportion per 10 - μ g / m 3 increase in 1-month mean PM 2.5 . However, shorter-duration PM 10 exposures were inversely and only modestly associated with leukocyte count. DISCUSSION The PM 2.5 -leukocyte estimates, albeit imprecise, suggest that among racially, ethnically, and environmentally diverse U.S. populations, sustained, ambient exposure to fine PM may induce subclinical, but epidemiologically important, inflammatory effects. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5360.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gondalia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Katelyn M. Holliday
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Antoine Baldassari
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Anne E. Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - James D. Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Duanping Liao
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeff D. Yanosky
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kristina M. Jordahl
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Parveen Bhatti
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Steve Horvath
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ellen W. Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Karen N. Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Center for Population Epigenetics, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Environmental Epigenetics, Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Eric A. Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Mannucci PM, Harari S, Franchini M. Novel evidence for a greater burden of ambient air pollution on cardiovascular disease. Haematologica 2019; 104:2349-2357. [PMID: 31672903 PMCID: PMC6959193 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.225086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient and household air pollution is a major health problem worldwide, contributing annually to approximately seven million of all-cause avoidable deaths, shorter life expectancy, and significant direct and indirect costs for the community. Air pollution is a complex mixture of gaseous and particulate materials that vary depending on their source and physicochemical features. Each material has detrimental effects on human health, but a number of experimental and clinical studies have shown a strong impact for fine particulate matter (PM2.5). In particular, there is more and more evidence that PM2.5 exerts adverse effects particularly on the cardiovascular system, contributing substantially (mainly through mechanisms of atherosclerosis, thrombosis and inflammation) to coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease, but also to heart failure, hypertension, diabetes and cardiac arrhythmias. In this review, we summarize knowledge on the mechanisms and magnitude of the cardiovascular adverse effects of short-and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution, particularly for the PM2.5 size fraction. We also emphasize that very recent data indicate that the global mortality and morbidity burden of cardiovascular disease associated with this air pollutant is dramatically greater than what has been thought up to now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergio Harari
- Department of Pneumology and Semi-Intensive Care Unit, Department of Respiratory Physiopathology and Pulmonary Hemodynamics, Ospedale San Giuseppe MultiMedica, Milan and
| | - Massimo Franchini
- Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, "Carlo Poma" Hospital, Mantua, Italy
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Protective Effect of Breastfeeding on the Adverse Health Effects Induced by Air Pollution: Current Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16214181. [PMID: 31671856 PMCID: PMC6862650 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16214181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major social, economic, and health problem around the world. Children are particularly susceptible to the negative effects of air pollution due to their immaturity and excessive growth and development. The aims of this narrative review were to: (1) summarize evidence about the protective effects of breastfeeding on the adverse health effects of air pollution exposure, (2) define and describe the potential mechanisms underlying the protective effects of breastfeeding, and (3) examine the potential effects of air pollution on breastmilk composition and lactation. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Existing evidence suggests that breastfeeding has a protective effect on adverse outcomes of indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure in respiratory (infections, lung function, asthma symptoms) and immune (allergic, nervous and cardiovascular) systems, as well as under-five mortality in both developing and developed countries. However, some studies reported no protective effect of breastfeeding or even negative effects of breastfeeding for under-five mortality. Several possible mechanisms of the breastfeeding protective effect were proposed, including the beneficial influence of breastfeeding on immune, respiratory, and nervous systems, which are related to the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and neuroprotective properties of breastmilk. Breastmilk components responsible for its protective effect against air pollutants exposure may be long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA), antioxidant vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, immunoglobins, and cytokines, some of which have concentrations that are diet-dependent. However, maternal exposure to air pollution is related to increased breastmilk concentrations of pollutants (e.g., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or heavy metals in particulate matter (PM)). Nonetheless, environmental studies have confirmed that breastmilk’s protective effects outweigh its potential health risk to the infant. Mothers should be encouraged and supported to breastfeed their infants due to its unique health benefits, as well as its limited ecological footprint, which is associated with decreased waste production and the emission of pollutants.
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Signorelli SS, Oliveri Conti G, Zanobetti A, Baccarelli A, Fiore M, Ferrante M. Effect of particulate matter-bound metals exposure on prothrombotic biomarkers: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108573. [PMID: 31323394 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is an important modifiable determinant for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Acute exposure to air pollution is linked to severe adverse cardiovascular events, including venous thromboembolism risk. The adverse health effects seem to arise from blood-borne metals and transition metal components from exposure to particulate matter that, when breathed, passes through the lungs into the heart and the blood stream. Pollution affects health via mechanisms including oxidative stress and inflammation, and metals may have a detrimental effect on both the blood cells, particularly platelets, and circulation. Some evidences demonstrates atherotrombotic consequences of acute and chronic exposure to air pollution, but few studies have examined exposure effects on the prothrombotic biomarkers leading to venous thromboembolism. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, we performed a systematic review (14 papers) of the past twelve years, focusing on the relationship between inhalable airborne metal exposures and coagulative biomarker disorders leading to lower limb venous thromboembolisms, e.g., deep vein thrombosis. Results support the hypothesis that exposure to inhalable metals, as elemental compounds in particulate matter, cause changes or activation of a number of human prothrombotic hemostatic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gea Oliveri Conti
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) - Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Fiore
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) - Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Catania, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Environmental and Food Hygiene Laboratories (LIAA) - Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", Catania University, Catania, Italy.
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Jhun I, Kim J, Cho B, Gold DR, Schwartz J, Coull BA, Zanobetti A, Rice MB, Mittleman MA, Garshick E, Vokonas P, Bind MA, Wilker EH, Dominici F, Suh H, Koutrakis P. Synthesis of Harvard Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Center studies on traffic-related particulate pollution and cardiovascular outcomes in the Greater Boston Area. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:900-917. [PMID: 30888266 PMCID: PMC6650311 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1596994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The association between particulate pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is well established. While the cardiovascular effects of nationally regulated criteria pollutants (e.g., fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and nitrogen dioxide) have been well documented, there are fewer studies on particulate pollutants that are more specific for traffic, such as black carbon (BC) and particle number (PN). In this paper, we synthesized studies conducted in the Greater Boston Area on cardiovascular health effects of traffic exposure, specifically defined by BC or PN exposure or proximity to major roadways. Large cohort studies demonstrate that exposure to traffic-related particles adversely affect cardiac autonomic function, increase systemic cytokine-mediated inflammation and pro-thrombotic activity, and elevate the risk of hypertension and ischemic stroke. Key patterns emerged when directly comparing studies with overlapping exposure metrics and population cohorts. Most notably, cardiovascular risk estimates of PN and BC exposures were larger in magnitude or more often statistically significant compared to those of PM2.5 exposures. Across multiple exposure metrics (e.g., short-term vs. long-term; observed vs. modeled) and different population cohorts (e.g., elderly, individuals with co-morbidities, young healthy individuals), there is compelling evidence that BC and PN represent traffic-related particles that are especially harmful to cardiovascular health. Further research is needed to validate these findings in other geographic locations, characterize exposure errors associated with using monitored and modeled traffic pollutant levels, and elucidate pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular effects of traffic-related particulate pollutants. Implications: Traffic emissions are an important source of particles harmful to cardiovascular health. Traffic-related particles, specifically BC and PN, adversely affect cardiac autonomic function, increase systemic inflammation and thrombotic activity, elevate BP, and increase the risk of ischemic stroke. There is evidence that BC and PN are associated with greater cardiovascular risk compared to PM2.5. Further research is needed to elucidate other health effects of traffic-related particles and assess the feasibility of regulating BC and PN or their regional and local sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iny Jhun
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | | | - Diane R. Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mary B. Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Murray A. Mittleman
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Eric Garshick
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Marie-Abele Bind
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Science Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Elissa H. Wilker
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Research Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Sanofi Genzyme, Cambridge, MA
| | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Helen Suh
- Tufts University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Medford, MA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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Sun Z, Zhu D. Exposure to outdoor air pollution and its human health outcomes: A scoping review. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216550. [PMID: 31095592 PMCID: PMC6522200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable air pollution prevention and control measures that have been put into practice in recent years, outdoor air pollution remains one of the most important risk factors for health outcomes. To identify the potential research gaps, we conducted a scoping review focused on health outcomes affected by outdoor air pollution across the broad research area. Of the 5759 potentially relevant studies, 799 were included in the final analysis. The included studies showed an increasing publication trend from 1992 to 2008, and most of the studies were conducted in Asia, Europe, and North America. Among the eight categorized health outcomes, asthma (category: respiratory diseases) and mortality (category: health records) were the most common ones. Adverse health outcomes involving respiratory diseases among children accounted for the largest group. Out of the total included studies, 95.2% reported at least one statistically positive result, and only 0.4% showed ambiguous results. Based on our study, we suggest that the time frame of the included studies, their disease definitions, and the measurement of personal exposure to outdoor air pollution should be taken into consideration in any future research. The main limitation of this study is its potential language bias, since only English publications were included. In conclusion, this scoping review provides researchers and policy decision makers with evidence taken from multiple disciplines to show the increasing prevalence of outdoor air pollution and its adverse effects on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanlan Sun
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Demi Zhu
- Department of Comparative Politics, School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Gao X, Colicino E, Shen J, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Just AC, Nwanaji-Enwerem JC, Coull B, Lin X, Vokonas P, Zheng Y, Hou L, Schwartz J, Baccarelli AA. Impacts of air pollution, temperature, and relative humidity on leukocyte distribution: An epigenetic perspective. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:395-405. [PMID: 30826618 PMCID: PMC6441628 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exploring the associations of air pollution and weather variables with blood leukocyte distribution is critical to understand the impacts of environmental exposures on the human immune system. OBJECTIVES As previous analyses have been mainly based on data from cell counters, which might not be feasible in epidemiologic studies including large populations of long-stored blood samples, we aimed to expand the understanding of this topic by employing the leukocyte distribution estimated by DNA methylation profiles. METHODS We measured DNA methylation profiles in blood samples using Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip from 1519 visits of 774 Caucasian males participating in the Normative Aging Study. Leukocyte distribution was estimated using Houseman's and Horvath's algorithms. Data on air pollution exposure, temperature, and relative humidity within 28 days before each blood draw was obtained. RESULTS After fully adjusting for potential covariates, PM2.5, black carbon, particle number, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, temperature, and relative humidity were associated with the proportions of at least one subtype of leukocytes. Particularly, an interquartile range-higher 28-day average exposure of PM2.5 was associated with 0.147-, 0.054- and 0.101-unit lower proportions (z-scored) of plasma cells, naïve CD8+ T cells, and natural killers, respectively, and 0.059- and 0.161-unit higher proportions (z-scored) of naïve CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that short-term air pollution exposure, temperature, and relative humidity are associated with leukocyte distribution. Our study further provides a successful attempt to use epigenetic patterns to assess the influences of environmental exposures on human immune profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jincheng Shen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
The conference "Climate change, air pollution and health" was held at the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. The data presented highlighted that air pollution is a major, under-recognized and modifiable risk factor for stroke and heart disease. Air pollution causes 7.6% of all deaths making it the fifth cause of death globally, and this figure is expected to increase by 50% by 2050. Particulate matter causes endothelial dysfunction and induces thrombosis by altering reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, insulin resistance, and lipid levels. Thirty-three articles published since 2002 were reviewed to assess the relation between air pollution and stroke with age, geographical location, particulate and gaseous matter type, duration of exposure, previous stroke, and comorbidities. It remains to be defined if air pollution has pathophysiological effects that preferentially predispose individuals to ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. There is ample evidence showing an association between acute and chronic exposure to PM2.5 or gaseous pollutants with stroke. This potentially avoidable scenario and its dramatic consequences are heavily under-recognized by health professionals and the wider public. Preventive measures in people at high vascular risk are warranted. Procrastination in implementing efforts to stop the current worldwide course of worsening air pollution is the seed of a potential global health catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrado J Estol
- Stroke Unit, Sanatorio Guemes, Francisco Acuña de Figueroa 1240, C1180, CABA, Argentina
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Xu H, Wang T, Liu S, Brook RD, Feng B, Zhao Q, Song X, Yi T, Chen J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zheng L, Rajagopalan S, Li J, Huang W. Extreme Levels of Air Pollution Associated With Changes in Biomarkers of Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability and Thrombogenicity in Healthy Adults. Circ Res 2019; 124:e30-e43. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Xu
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., S.L., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., T.Y., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., L.Z., J.L., W.H.)
| | - Tong Wang
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., S.L., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., T.Y., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., L.Z., J.L., W.H.)
| | - Shengcong Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (S.L., T.Y., J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., S.L., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., T.Y., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., L.Z., J.L., W.H.)
| | - Robert D. Brook
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (R.D.B.)
| | - Baihuan Feng
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., S.L., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., T.Y., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., L.Z., J.L., W.H.)
| | - Qian Zhao
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., S.L., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., T.Y., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., L.Z., J.L., W.H.)
| | - Xiaoming Song
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., S.L., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., T.Y., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., L.Z., J.L., W.H.)
| | - Tieci Yi
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (S.L., T.Y., J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., S.L., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., T.Y., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., L.Z., J.L., W.H.)
| | - Jie Chen
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., S.L., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., T.Y., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., L.Z., J.L., W.H.)
| | - Yi Zhang
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., S.L., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., T.Y., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., L.Z., J.L., W.H.)
| | - Yang Wang
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., S.L., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., T.Y., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., L.Z., J.L., W.H.)
| | - Lemin Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences (L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine (L.Z.), Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., S.L., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., T.Y., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., L.Z., J.L., W.H.)
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Case Western Reserve Medical School, Cleveland OH (S.R.)
| | - Jianping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (S.L., T.Y., J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., S.L., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., T.Y., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., L.Z., J.L., W.H.)
| | - Wei Huang
- From the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., W.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China (H.X., T.W., S.L., B.F., Q.Z., X.S., T.Y., J.C., Y.Z., Y.W., L.Z., J.L., W.H.)
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Campagnolo D, Cattaneo A, Corbella L, Borghi F, Del Buono L, Rovelli S, Spinazzé A, Cavallo DM. In-vehicle airborne fine and ultra-fine particulate matter exposure: The impact of leading vehicle emissions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 123:407-416. [PMID: 30622065 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) concentrations inside vehicle cabins are often extremely high compared to background levels. The present study was motivated by the fact that in the last few decades, the implementation of new emission standards has led to the reduction of vehicle particle emissions. This study addresses for the first time the relationship between leading vehicle (LV) emissions and in-cabin PM exposure levels in the immediately following vehicle (henceforth called the study vehicle - SV), with particular emphasis on the role of the LV's emission reduction technologies (e.g., diesel particulate filter-DPF) as an effective risk management measure. The study was performed using an instrumented study vehicle (always to be considered as the following vehicle) on a 26-km fixed route where 10 repeated tests were conducted during 60-minute trips. On-line monitoring of the fine 0.3-1 μm and 1-2.5 μm (PM0.3-1 and PM1-2.5) and ultra-fine particle (UFP) concentrations was performed inside the SV's car cabin with fixed ventilation settings (i.e., windows closed, air conditioning off, and recirculation fan off). Simultaneously, the license plate numbers of the LVs along the route were recorded to retrieve information pertaining to their fuel type and Euro emission standard category. The results clearly showed that the in-cabin PM levels were significantly affected by the LV's Euro emission standard. Regarding petrol-fuelled LVs, the median in-cabin particle exposure levels were statistically lower (e.g., -34% for PM0.3-1) when following vehicles with stricter emission standards (in particular, Euro 6) than when following a low-emission standard vehicle (i.e., Euro 0-2). Concerning diesel-fuelled LVs, a strong and significant decrease in the in-cabin median exposure levels (up to -62%, -44%, and -48% for UFPs, PM0.3-1, and PM1-2.5, respectively) was observed for recent-emission standards LVs (i.e., Euro 5-6) with respect to older-emission standard LVs (i.e., Euro 0-4). A specific analysis revealed that the in-cabin median exposure concentrations of PM were highly and significantly reduced by DPF-equipped LVs. For UFPs, this resulted in a 47% reduction compared to diesel-fuelled (non-DPF) LVs. For PM0.3-1, an approximate 80% reduction was observed compared to both petrol-fuelled and diesel-fuelled (non-DPF) LVs. For PM1-2.5, an approximate 38% reduction was observed compared to petrol-fuelled LVs and a 46% reduction compared to non-DPF LVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Campagnolo
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Leonardo Corbella
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Francesca Borghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Luca Del Buono
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rovelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinazzé
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Domenico M Cavallo
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
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46
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Lee H, Myung W, Jeong BH, Choi H, Jhun BW, Kim H. Short- and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and circulating biomarkers of inflammation in non-smokers: A hospital-based cohort study in South Korea. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:264-273. [PMID: 29982129 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing epidemiological evidence of an association between air pollution and adverse health outcomes, the detailed mechanisms underlying the adverse effects of air pollution on medical conditions remain unclear. We evaluated the effects of short- and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on key inflammatory markers in non-smoking subjects. Serum fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and white blood cell counts were repeatedly measured 3 times in 6589 subjects at the Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, South Korea) between 2010 and 2016. Both short- (≤8-day averages) and long-term (annual averages) exposure measures of 6 air pollutants (particles < 2.5 μm, particles < 10 μm, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide) were estimated for each subject based on available residential addresses. Linear mixed-effects models were used to relate interquartile range increases in pollutant concentrations to inflammatory marker levels. Short-term exposure to air pollution was associated with increased fibrinogen and ferritin levels. Long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with increased fibrinogen levels and white blood cell counts. The largest short- and long-term associations were observed for ferritin in response to nitrogen dioxide exposure (1.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-2.5) and fibrinogen exposed to particles < 2.5 μm (3.4%, 95% CI 3.0-3.8), respectively. Significantly higher associations were observed among subjects with elevated levels of inflammatory markers (upper 25th percentile), including C-reactive protein, and those with cardiac infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebral infarction, or diabetes. We found clear associations between short- and long-term exposure to air pollution and inflammatory markers, especially among vulnerable subgroups. Our findings provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that air pollution increases systemic inflammation, particularly among susceptible subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13619, South Korea; Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13619, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Ho Jeong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Hong Choi
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea
| | - Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea.
| | - Ho Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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47
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Causation by Diesel Exhaust Particles of Endothelial Dysfunctions in Cytotoxicity, Pro-inflammation, Permeability, and Apoptosis Induced by ROS Generation. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 17:384-392. [PMID: 26965709 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-016-9364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that an increase of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) in ambient air corresponds to an increase in hospital-recorded myocardial infarctions within 48 h after exposure. Among the many theories to explain this data are endothelial dysfunction and translocation of DEP into vasculature. The mechanisms for such DEP-induced vascular permeability remain unknown. One of the major mechanisms underlying the effects of DEP is suggested to be oxidative stress. Experiments have shown that DEP induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion and H2O2 in the HUVEC tube cells. Transcription factor Nrf2 is translocated to the cell nucleus, where it activates transcription of the antioxidative enzyme HO-1 and sequentially induces the release of vascular permeability factor VEGF-A. Furthermore, a recent study shows that DEP-induced intracellular ROS may cause the release of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6, which may induce endothelial permeability as well by promoting VEGF-A secretion independently of HO-1 activation. These results demonstrated that the adherens junction molecule, VE-cadherin, becomes redistributed from the membrane at cell-cell borders to the cytoplasm in response to DEP, separating the plasma membranes of adjacent cells. DEP were occasionally found in endothelial cell cytoplasm and in tube lumen. In addition, the induced ROS is cytotoxic to the endothelial tube-like HUVEC. Acute DEP exposure stimulates ATP depletion, followed by depolarization of their actin cytoskeleton, which sequentially inhibits PI3K/Akt activity and induces endothelial apoptosis. Nevertheless, high-dose DEP augments tube cell apoptosis up to 70 % but disrupts the p53 negative regulator Mdm2. In summary, exposure to DEP affects parameters influencing vasculature permeability and viability, i.e., oxidative stress and its upregulated antioxidative and pro-inflammatory responses, which sequentially induce vascular permeability factor, VEGF-A release and disrupt cell-cell junction integrity. While exposure to a low dose of DEP actin triggers cytoskeleton depolarization, reduces PI3K/Akt activity, and induces a p53/Mdm2 feedback loop, a high dose causes apoptosis by depleting Mdm2. Addition of ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine suppresses DEP-induced oxidative stress efficiently and reduces subsequent damages by increasing endogenous glutathione.
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48
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Robertson S, Miller MR. Ambient air pollution and thrombosis. Part Fibre Toxicol 2018; 15:1. [PMID: 29298690 PMCID: PMC5753450 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a growing public health concern of global significance. Acute and chronic exposure is known to impair cardiovascular function, exacerbate disease and increase cardiovascular mortality. Several plausible biological mechanisms have been proposed for these associations, however, at present, the pathways are incomplete. A seminal review by the American Heart Association (2010) concluded that the thrombotic effects of particulate air pollution likely contributed to their effects on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The aim of the current review is to appraise the newly accumulated scientific evidence (2009-2016) on contribution of haemostasis and thrombosis towards cardiovascular disease induced by exposure to both particulate and gaseous pollutants.Seventy four publications were reviewed in-depth. The weight of evidence suggests that acute exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) induces a shift in the haemostatic balance towards a pro-thrombotic/pro-coagulative state. Insufficient data was available to ascertain if a similar relationship exists for gaseous pollutants, and very few studies have addressed long-term exposure to ambient air pollution. Platelet activation, oxidative stress, interplay between interleukin-6 and tissue factor, all appear to be potentially important mechanisms in pollution-mediated thrombosis, together with an emerging role for circulating microvesicles and epigenetic changes.Overall, the recent literature supports, and arguably strengthens, the contention that air pollution contributes to cardiovascular morbidity by promoting haemostasis. The volume and diversity of the evidence highlights the complexity of the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which air pollution promotes thrombosis; multiple pathways are plausible and it is most likely they act in concert. Future research should address the role gaseous pollutants play in the cardiovascular effects of air pollution mixture and direct comparison of potentially susceptible groups to healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Robertson
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, UK.
| | - Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre of Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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49
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Ageno W, Rancan E, Donati A, Galli L, Squizzato A, Venco A, Mannucci P, Manfredini R, Dentali F. Seasonal and monthly variability in the incidence of venous thromboembolism. Thromb Haemost 2017; 106:439-47. [DOI: 10.1160/th11-02-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryMany studies showed that the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events exhibits a seasonal and monthly variation. Evidences of a seasonal and monthly variation in the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are more conflicting. We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the literature to assess the presence of an infradian rhythm of this disease. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched up to January 2010. Monthly and seasonal variation in the incidence of VTE were analysed. We included studies analysing seasonal or monthly aggregation in the incidence of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) with an objective diagnosis of VTE. Two authors independently reviewed and extracted data. Seventeen studies for a total of about 35,000 patients were included. Twelve studies analysed the seasonal variation and 10 studies the monthly variation of VTE. Our results showed a significantly increased incidence of VTE in winter (chi-square 146.04, p <0.001), with a relative risk (RR) of VTE of 1.143 (99% CI [1.141, 1.144]), and a significantly increased incidence of VTE in January (chi-square 232.57, p <0.001) with an RR of VTE of 1.194 (99% CI 1.186, 1.203). Subgroup analyses including only idiopathic venous thromboembolic events confirmed the results of principal analyses. In conclusion, our data support the presence of an infradian pattern in the incidence of venous thromboembolic events, with a significantly higher risk in Winter and in January. Future studies are needed to better clarify the mechanisms behind this pattern.
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50
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Wu XM, Basu R, Malig B, Broadwin R, Ebisu K, Gold EB, Qi L, Derby C, Green RS. Association between gaseous air pollutants and inflammatory, hemostatic and lipid markers in a cohort of midlife women. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 107:131-139. [PMID: 28732305 PMCID: PMC5584622 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposures to ambient gaseous pollutants have been linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but the biological mechanisms remain uncertain. OBJECTIVES This study examined the changes in CVD marker levels resulting from elevated exposure to ambient gaseous pollutants in midlife women. METHODS Annual repeated measurements of several inflammatory, hemostatic and lipid makers were obtained from 2306 midlife women enrolled in the longitudinal Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) between 1999 and 2004. Ambient carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) data were assigned to each woman based on proximity of the monitoring station to her residential address. Short- and long-term exposures were calculated, and their associations with markers were examined using linear mixed-effects regression models, adjusted for demographic, health and other factors. RESULTS Short-term CO exposure was associated with increased fibrinogen, i.e., every interquartile increase of average prior one-week exposure to CO was associated with 1.3% (95% CI: 0.6%, 2.0%) increase in fibrinogen. Long-term exposures to NO2 and SO2 were associated with reduced high-density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A1, e.g., 4.0% (1.7%, 6.3%) and 4.7% (2.8%, 6.6%) decrease per interquartile increment in prior one-year average NO2 concentration, respectively. Fine particle (PM2.5) exposure confounded associations between CO/NO2 and inflammatory/hemostatic markers, while associations with lipoproteins were generally robust to PM2.5 adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Exposures to these gas pollutants at current ambient levels may increase thrombotic potential and disrupt cholesterol metabolism, contributing to greater risk of CVDs in midlife women. Caution should be exercised in evaluating the confounding by PM2.5 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei May Wu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Rupa Basu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Brian Malig
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Broadwin
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Keita Ebisu
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Ellen B Gold
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lihong Qi
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carol Derby
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rochelle S Green
- Air and Climate Epidemiology Section, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
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