1
|
Bom ADOP, Dias-Soares M, Corrêa RCD, Neves CL, Hosch NG, de Lucena GG, Oliveira CG, Pagano RL, Chacur M, Giorgi R. Molecular Aspects Involved in the Mechanisms of Bothrops jararaca Venom-Induced Hyperalgesia: Participation of NK1 Receptor and Glial Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:187. [PMID: 38668612 PMCID: PMC11053884 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Accidents caused by Bothrops jararaca (Bj) snakes result in several local and systemic manifestations, with pain being a fundamental characteristic. The inflammatory process responsible for hyperalgesia induced by Bj venom (Bjv) has been studied; however, the specific roles played by the peripheral and central nervous systems in this phenomenon remain unclear. To clarify this, we induced hyperalgesia in rats using Bjv and collected tissues from dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord (SC) at 2 and 4 h post-induction. Samples were labeled for Iba-1 (macrophage and microglia), GFAP (satellite cells and astrocytes), EGR1 (neurons), and NK1 receptors. Additionally, we investigated the impact of minocycline, an inhibitor of microglia, and GR82334 antagonist on Bjv-induced hyperalgesia. Our findings reveal an increase in Iba1 in DRG at 2 h and EGR1 at 4 h. In the SC, markers for microglia, astrocytes, neurons, and NK1 receptors exhibited increased expression after 2 h, with EGR1 continuing to rise at 4 h. Minocycline and GR82334 inhibited venom-induced hyperalgesia, highlighting the crucial roles of microglia and NK1 receptors in this phenomenon. Our results suggest that the hyperalgesic effects of Bjv involve the participation of microglial and astrocytic cells, in addition to the activation of NK1 receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariela de Oliveira Pedro Bom
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.d.O.P.B.); (M.D.-S.); (R.C.D.C.); (C.L.N.); (G.G.d.L.)
- Postgraduate Program in Toxinology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Dias-Soares
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.d.O.P.B.); (M.D.-S.); (R.C.D.C.); (C.L.N.); (G.G.d.L.)
| | - Raíssa Cristina Darroz Corrêa
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.d.O.P.B.); (M.D.-S.); (R.C.D.C.); (C.L.N.); (G.G.d.L.)
- Postgraduate Program in Toxinology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Lima Neves
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.d.O.P.B.); (M.D.-S.); (R.C.D.C.); (C.L.N.); (G.G.d.L.)
| | | | - Gabriela Gomes de Lucena
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.d.O.P.B.); (M.D.-S.); (R.C.D.C.); (C.L.N.); (G.G.d.L.)
| | - Camilla Garcia Oliveira
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (C.G.O.); (M.C.)
| | - Rosana Lima Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo 01308-060, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marucia Chacur
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroanatomy of Pain, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil; (C.G.O.); (M.C.)
| | - Renata Giorgi
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil; (A.d.O.P.B.); (M.D.-S.); (R.C.D.C.); (C.L.N.); (G.G.d.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cavalcante JS, de Almeida DEG, Santos-Filho NA, Sartim MA, de Almeida Baldo A, Brasileiro L, Albuquerque PL, Oliveira SS, Sachett JAG, Monteiro WM, Ferreira RS. Crosstalk of Inflammation and Coagulation in Bothrops Snakebite Envenoming: Endogenous Signaling Pathways and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11508. [PMID: 37511277 PMCID: PMC10380640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Snakebite envenoming represents a major health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. Considering the elevated number of accidents and high morbidity and mortality rates, the World Health Organization reclassified this disease to category A of neglected diseases. In Latin America, Bothrops genus snakes are mainly responsible for snakebites in humans, whose pathophysiology is characterized by local and systemic inflammatory and degradative processes, triggering prothrombotic and hemorrhagic events, which lead to various complications, organ damage, tissue loss, amputations, and death. The activation of the multicellular blood system, hemostatic alterations, and activation of the inflammatory response are all well-documented in Bothrops envenomings. However, the interface between inflammation and coagulation is still a neglected issue in the toxinology field. Thromboinflammatory pathways can play a significant role in some of the major complications of snakebite envenoming, such as stroke, venous thromboembolism, and acute kidney injury. In addition to exacerbating inflammation and cell interactions that trigger vaso-occlusion, ischemia-reperfusion processes, and, eventually, organic damage and necrosis. In this review, we discuss the role of inflammatory pathways in modulating coagulation and inducing platelet and leukocyte activation, as well as the inflammatory production mediators and induction of innate immune responses, among other mechanisms that are altered by Bothrops venoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joeliton S Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Emanuel Garcia de Almeida
- Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Agronomic Sciences School, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Norival A Santos-Filho
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Araraquara 14800-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Sartim
- Laboratory of Bioprospection, University Nilton Lins, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Research & Development Department, Nilton Lins Foundation, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Almeida Baldo
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisele Brasileiro
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Polianna L Albuquerque
- Toxicological Information and Assistance Center, Instituto Doutor Jose Frota Hospital, Fortaleza 60025-061, Ceará, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza 60430-140, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Sâmella S Oliveira
- Research Management, Hospital Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-001, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Almeida Gonçalves Sachett
- Research & Development Department, Nilton Lins Foundation, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro
- Research & Development Department, Nilton Lins Foundation, Manaus 69058-030, Amazonas, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Medicine, Department of Research at Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Amazonas State University, Manaus 69850-000, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Translational Science and Development of Biopharmaceuticals FAPESP/CEVAP-UNESP, Botucatu 18610-307, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18610-307, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Airapetov MI, Eresko SO, Bychkov ER, Lebedev AA, Shabanov PD. Effect of Ethanol on Platelet Biology. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750822040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
4
|
Platelet depletion enhances lethal, hemorrhagic and myotoxic activities of Bothrops asper snake venom in a murine model. Toxicon 2022; 219:106936. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
5
|
Experimental Bothrops atrox Envenomation: Blood Plasma Proteome Effects after Local Tissue Damage and Perspectives on Thromboinflammation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090613. [PMID: 36136550 PMCID: PMC9503785 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of Bothrops atrox envenoming involve local and systemic changes, among which edema requires substantial attention due to its ability to progress to compartmental syndromes and sometimes cause tissue loss and amputations. However, the impact of edema on the poisoned body’s system has not been explored. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the systemic pathological and inflammatory events that are altered by intraplantar injection of B. atrox venom in a mouse model through hematologic, lipidic, and shotgun proteomics analysis. Plasma samples collected showed a greater abundance of proteins related to complement, coagulation, lipid system, platelet and neutrophil degranulation, and pathways related to cell death and ischemic tolerance. Interestingly, some proteins, in particular, Prdx2 (peroxiredoxin 2), Hba (hemoglobin subunit alpha), and F9 (Factor IX), increased according to the amount of venom injected. Our findings support that B. atrox venom activates multiple blood systems that are involved in thromboinflammation, an observation that may have implications for the pathophysiological progression of envenomations. Furthermore, we report for the first time a potential role of Prdx2, Hba, and F9 as potential markers of the severity of edema/inflammation in mice caused by B. atrox.
Collapse
|
6
|
Airapetov MI, Eresko SO, Bychkov ER, Lebedev AA, Shabanov PD. [Effect of ethanol on platelet biology]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:81-92. [PMID: 35485482 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226802081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, interest in the study of platelets, significantly increased due to recent discoveries providing convincing evidence that their functions by are not limited to their participation in the blood coagulation mechanism. Many works are devoted to the study of the functional state of platelets under conditions of acute and chronic alcohol exposure. The results of such studies can be useful for the development of new markers of the degree of alcohol intoxication of the body for the subsequent choice of the method drug correction of disorders caused by acute or chronic alcohol effects. The review summarizes results in vivo and in vitro of studies performed during more than 60 years on the effect of ethanol on the biogenesis, number, morphology and biochemistry of platelets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I Airapetov
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Department of Pharmacology, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - S O Eresko
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Research and Training Center of Molecular and Cellular Technologies, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - E R Bychkov
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - A A Lebedev
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - P D Shabanov
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia; Department of Pharmacology, Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cavalcante JDS, Nogueira Júnior FA, Bezerra Jorge RJ, Almeida C. Pain modulated by Bothrops snake venoms: Mechanisms of nociceptive signaling and therapeutic perspectives. Toxicon 2021; 201:105-114. [PMID: 34425141 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Snake venoms are substances mostly composed by proteins and peptides with high biological activity. Local and systemic effects culminate in clinical manifestations induced by these substances. Pain is the most uncomfortable condition, but it has not been well investigated. This review discusses Bothrops snakebite-induced nociception, highlighting molecules involved in the mediation of this process and perspectives in treatment of pain induced by Bothrops snake venoms (B. alternatus, B. asper, B. atrox, B. insularis, B. jararaca, B. pirajai, B. jararacussu, B. lanceolatus, B. leucurus, B. mattogrossensis, B. moojeni). We highlight, the understanding of the nociceptive signaling, especially in snakebite, enables more efficient treatment approaches. Finally, future perspectives for pain treatment concerning snakebite patients are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joeliton Dos Santos Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Assis Nogueira Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Drug Research and Development Center Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Drug Research and Development Center Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cayo Almeida
- Center of Mathematics, Computing Sciences and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maia-Marques R, Nascimento IMR, Lauria PSS, Silva ECPD, Silva DF, Casais-E-Silva LL. Inflammatory mediators in the pronociceptive effects induced by Bothrops leucurus snake venom: The role of biogenic amines, nitric oxide, and eicosanoids. Toxicology 2020; 448:152649. [PMID: 33259823 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bothrops leucurus is the major causative agent of venomous snakebites in Northeastern Brazil. Severe pain is the most frequent symptom in these envenomings, with an important inflammatory component. This work characterized the pronociceptive effects evoked by B. leucurus venom (BLV) in mice and the role of inflammatory mediators in these responses. The nociceptive behaviors were quantified by the modified formalin test. The mechanical hyperalgesia was assessed by the digital von Frey test. Pharmacological assays were performed with different antagonists and synthesis inhibitors to investigate the involvement of inflammatory mediators in both nociceptive events. BLV (1-15 μg/paw) injection in mice evoked intense and dose-dependent nociceptive behaviors that lasted for up to 1 h. BLV (10 μg/paw) also caused sustained mechanical hyperalgesia. Histamine and serotonin played a role in the nociception, but not in the BLV-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Nitric oxide contributed to both responses, but only to the late stages of mechanical hyperalgesia. Eicosanoids were also present in both nociceptive responses. Prostanoid synthesis by COX-1 seemed to be more relevant for the nociception, whereas COX-2 had a more prominent role in the mechanical hyperalgesia. Leukotrienes were the most relevant mediators of BLV-induced mechanical hyperalgesia, hence inhibiting lipoxygenase pathway could be an efficient therapeutic strategy for pain management during envenoming. Our behavioral data demonstrates that BLV promotes nociceptive transmission mediated by biogenic amines, nitric oxide and eicosanoids, and nociceptor sensitization through nitric oxide and eicosanoids. Moreover, phospholipases A2 (PLA2), an important class of toxins present in bothropic venoms, appear to play an important role in the nociceptive and hypernociceptive response induced by BLV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Maia-Marques
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology and Toxinology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Igor M R Nascimento
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology and Toxinology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Pedro S S Lauria
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Ellen C P da Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology and Toxinology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Darizy F Silva
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Luciana L Casais-E-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunoendocrinology and Toxinology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ziegler M, Wang X, Peter K. Platelets in cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury: a promising therapeutic target. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1178-1188. [PMID: 30906948 PMCID: PMC6529900 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the single leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. A key component of AMI therapy is the timely reopening of occluded vessels to prevent further ischaemic damage to the myocardium. However, reperfusion of the ischaemic myocardium can itself trigger reperfusion injury causing up to 50% of the overall infarct size. In recent years, considerable research has been devoted to understanding the pathogenesis of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and platelets have emerged as a major contributing factor. This review summarizes the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of I/R injury and highlights the potential of platelet-directed therapeutics to minimize cardiac I/R injury. Activated platelets infiltrate specifically into the ischaemic/reperfused myocardium and contribute to I/R injury by the formation of microthrombi, enhanced platelet–leucocyte aggregation, and the release of potent vasoconstrictor and pro-inflammatory molecules. This review demonstrates the benefits of platelet inhibition beyond their well-described anti-thrombotic effect and highlights the direct cardioprotective role of anti-platelet drugs. In particular, the inhibition of COX, the P2Y12 receptor and the GPIIb/IIIa receptor has demonstrated the potential to attenuate I/R injury. Moreover, targeting of drug candidates or regenerative cells to the activated platelets accumulated within the ischaemic/reperfused myocardium shows remarkable potential to protect the myocardium from I/R injury. Overall, activated platelets play a key role in the pathogenesis of I/R injury. Their direct inhibition as well as their use as epitopes for site-directed therapy is a unique and promising therapeutic approach for the prevention of I/R injury and ultimately the preservation of cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ziegler
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Commercial Road 75, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Commercial Road 75, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Commercial Road 75, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sachetto ATA, Rosa JG, Santoro ML. Rutin (quercetin-3-rutinoside) modulates the hemostatic disturbances and redox imbalance induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006774. [PMID: 30307940 PMCID: PMC6181271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Snakebites are a major Collective Health problem worldwide. In Brazil, Bothrops jararaca snake venom (BjV) evokes hemostatic disturbances, bleeding manifestations, and redox status imbalance. Specific antivenom therapy, although efficacious to revert most snakebite-induced manifestations, is incapable of treating secondary manifestations, such as oxidative/nitrosative stress. Searching for new complementary therapies that could attenuate physiological derangements triggered by envenomation, we elected to test quercetin-3-rutinoside (rutin) by its potential as both a potent antioxidant and a hemostasis modulatory compound. The activity of rutin was evaluated both on the biological activities of crude BjV in vitro, and in vivo by the ability of rutin (14.4 mg/kg b.w.) to modulate hematological, hemostatic and redox status markers altered by BjV injection (1.6 mg/kg b.w., s.c.) in mice. In vitro, rutin failed to inhibit BjV-induced platelet aggregation and biological activities of major BjV enzymes (metalloproteinases, phospholipases A2, serine proteases, and L-amino acid oxidases). On the other hand, rutin attenuated local hemorrhage, and the increase in reactive species, prevented the fall in RBC counts and fibrinogen levels, diminished tail bleeding and shortened prothrombin time (PT) evoked by envenomation. Furthermore, rutin reduced tissue factor (TF) activity and altered the protein expression of TF in liver, lungs, heart and skin. In conclusion, the disturbances in redox status and hemostatic system induced by B. jararaca envenomation were modulated by rutin, suggesting it has a great potential to be used as an ancillary therapeutic agent for snakebites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Azevedo Sachetto
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Gomes Rosa
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Larami Santoro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bekő K, Koványi B, Gölöncsér F, Horváth G, Dénes Á, Környei Z, Botz B, Helyes Z, Müller CE, Sperlágh B. Contribution of platelet P2Y 12 receptors to chronic Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:1223-1235. [PMID: 28345287 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials The role of platelet P2Y12 receptors in the regulation of chronic inflammatory pain is unknown. Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammatory pain model was used in mice. Gene deficiency and antagonists of P2Y12 receptors attenuate hyperalgesia and local inflammation. Platelet P2Y12 receptors contribute to these effects in the chronic phase of inflammation. SUMMARY Background P2Y12 receptor antagonists are widely used in clinical practice to inhibit platelet aggregation. P2Y12 receptors are also known to regulate different forms of pain as well as local and systemic inflammation. However, it is not known whether platelet P2Y12 receptors contribute to these effects. Objectives To explore the contribution of platelet P2Y12 receptors to chronic inflammatory pain in mice. Methods Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammatory pain was induced in wild-type and P2ry12 gene-deficient (P2ry12-/- ) mice, and the potent, direct-acting and reversible P2Y12 receptor antagonists PSB-0739 and cangrelor were used. Results CFA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia was significantly decreased in P2ry12-/- mice for up to 14 days, and increased neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and CXCL1 (KC) levels in the hind paws were also attenuated in the acute inflammation phase. At day 14, increased interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and KC levels were attenuated in P2ry12-/- mice. PSB-0739 and cangrelor reversed hyperalgesia in wild-type mice but had no effect in P2ry12-/- mice, and PSB-0739 was also effective when applied locally. The effects of both local and systemic PSB-0739 were prevented by A-803467, a selective NaV1.8 channel antagonist, suggesting the involvement of NaV1.8 channels in the antihyperalgesic effect. Platelet depletion by anti-mouse CD41 antibody decreased hyperalgesia and attenuated the proinflammatory cytokine response in wild-type but not in P2ry12-/- mice on day 14. Conclusions In conclusion, P2Y12 receptors regulate CFA-induced hyperalgesia and the local inflammatory response, and platelet P2Y12 receptors contribute to these effects in the chronic inflammation phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Bekő
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Koványi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, Hungary
| | - F Gölöncsér
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Horváth
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University School of PhD Studies, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Á Dénes
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Környei
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Botz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Center for Neuroscience, and Molecular Pharmacology, Research Team, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Z Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Center for Neuroscience, and Molecular Pharmacology, Research Team, János Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE NAP B Chronic Pain Research Group, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - C E Müller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - B Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Testicular Busulfan Injection in Mice to Prepare Recipients for Spermatogonial Stem Cell Transplantation Is Safe and Non-Toxic. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148388. [PMID: 26871566 PMCID: PMC4752460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods of administering busulfan to remove the endogenous germ cells cause hematopoietic toxicity, require special instruments and a narrow transplantation time. We use a direct testicular injection of busulfan method for preparing recipients for SSC transplantation. Male ICR mice (recipients) were divided into four groups, and two experimental groups were treated with a bilateral testicular injection of 4 or 6 mg/kg/side busulfan (n = 60 per concentration group). Mice received an intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of 40 mg/kg busulfan (n = 60, positive control) and bilateral testicular injections of 50% DMSO (n = 60, negative control). Donor SSCs from RFP-transgenic C57BL/6J mice were introduced into the seminiferous tubules of each recipient testis via efferent duct injection on day 16–17 after busulfan treatment. Recipient mice mated with mature female ICR mice and the number of progeny was recorded. The index detected at day 14, 21, 28, 35 and 70 after busulfan treatment. Blood analysis shows that the toxicity of busulfan treated groups was much lower than i.p. injection groups. Fertility was restored in mice treated with busulfan and donor-derived offspring were obtained after SSC transplantation. Our study indicated that intratesticular injection busulfan for the preparation of recipients in mice is safe and feasible.
Collapse
|
13
|
Santoro ML, do Carmo T, Cunha BHL, Alves AF, Zelanis A, Serrano SMDT, Grego KF, Sant’Anna SS, Barbaro KC, Fernandes W. Ontogenetic Variation in Biological Activities of Venoms from Hybrids between Bothrops erythromelas and Bothrops neuwiedi Snakes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145516. [PMID: 26714190 PMCID: PMC4699835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lance-headed snakes are found in Central and South America, and they account for most snakebites in Brazil. The phylogeny of South American pitvipers has been reviewed, and the presence of natural and non-natural hybrids between different species of Bothrops snakes demonstrates that reproductive isolation of several species is still incomplete. The present study aimed to analyze the biological features, particularly the thrombin-like activity, of venoms from hybrids born in captivity, from the mating of a female Bothrops erythromelas and a male Bothrops neuwiedi, two species whose venoms are known to display ontogenetic variation. Proteolytic activity on azocoll and amidolytic activity on N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide hydrochloride (BAPNA) were lowest when hybrids were 3 months old, and increased over body growth, reaching values similar to those of the father when hybrids were 12 months old. The clotting activity on plasma diminished as hybrids grew; venoms from 3- and 6-months old hybrids showed low clotting activity on fibrinogen (i.e., thrombin-like activity), like the mother venom, and such activity was detected only when hybrids were older than 1 year of age. Altogether, these results point out that venom features in hybrid snakes are genetically controlled during the ontogenetic development. Despite the presence of the thrombin-like enzyme gene(s) in hybrid snakes, they are silenced during the first six months of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thaís do Carmo
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Zelanis
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada and Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | - Solange Maria de Toledo Serrano
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada and Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Wilson Fernandes
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo-SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tavares FL, Peichoto ME, Marcelino JR, Barbaro KC, Cirillo MC, Santoro ML, Sano-Martins IS. Platelet participation in the pathogenesis of dermonecrosis induced by Loxosceles gaucho venom. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:666-76. [PMID: 26253591 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115597983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Loxosceles gaucho spider venom induces in vitro platelet activation and marked thrombocytopenia in rabbits. Herein, we investigated the involvement of platelets in the development of the dermonecrosis induced by L. gaucho venom, using thrombocytopenic rabbits as a model. L. gaucho venom evoked a drop in platelet and neutrophil counts 4 h after venom injection. Ecchymotic areas at the site of venom inoculation were noticed as soon as 4 h in thrombocytopenic animals but not in animals with initial normal platelet counts. After 5 days, areas of scars in thrombocytopenic animals were also larger, evidencing the marked development of lesions in the condition of thrombocytopenia. Histologically, local hemorrhage, collagen fiber disorganization, and edema were more severe in thrombocytopenic animals. Leukocyte infiltration, predominantly due to polymorphonuclears, was observed in the presence or not of thrombocytopenia. Thrombus formation was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry at the microvasculature, and it occurred even under marked thrombocytopenia. Taken together, platelets have an important role in minimizing not only the hemorrhagic phenomena but also the inflammatory and wound-healing processes, suggesting that cutaneous loxoscelism may be aggravated under thrombocytopenic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F L Tavares
- Centro Universitário Dinâmica das Cataratas, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M E Peichoto
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) e Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical (INMeT), Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - J R Marcelino
- Divisão de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Produção, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K C Barbaro
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C Cirillo
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M L Santoro
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I S Sano-Martins
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yamashita KM, Alves AF, Barbaro KC, Santoro ML. Bothrops jararaca venom metalloproteinases are essential for coagulopathy and increase plasma tissue factor levels during envenomation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e2814. [PMID: 24831016 PMCID: PMC4022520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Bleeding tendency, coagulopathy and platelet disorders are recurrent manifestations in snakebites occurring worldwide. We reasoned that by damaging tissues and/or activating cells at the site of the bite and systemically, snake venom toxins might release or decrypt tissue factor (TF), resulting in activation of blood coagulation and aggravation of the bleeding tendency. Thus, we addressed (a) whether TF and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an oxireductase involved in TF encryption/decryption, were altered in experimental snake envenomation; (b) the involvement and significance of snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMP) and serine proteinases (SVSP) to hemostatic disturbances. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Crude Bothrops jararaca venom (BjV) was preincubated with Na2-EDTA or AEBSF, which are inhibitors of SVMP and SVSP, respectively, and injected subcutaneously or intravenously into rats to analyze the contribution of local lesion to the development of hemostatic disturbances. Samples of blood, lung and skin were collected and analyzed at 3 and 6 h. Platelet counts were markedly diminished in rats, and neither Na2-EDTA nor AEBSF could effectively abrogate this fall. However, Na2-EDTA markedly reduced plasma fibrinogen consumption and hemorrhage at the site of BjV inoculation. Na2-EDTA also abolished the marked elevation in TF levels in plasma at 3 and 6 h, by both administration routes. Moreover, increased TF activity was also noticed in lung and skin tissue samples at 6 h. However, factor VII levels did not decrease over time. PDI expression in skin was normal at 3 h, and downregulated at 6 h in all groups treated with BjV. CONCLUSIONS SVMP induce coagulopathy, hemorrhage and increased TF levels in plasma, but neither SVMP nor SVSP are directly involved in thrombocytopenia. High levels of TF in plasma and TF decryption occur during snake envenomation, like true disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, and might be implicated in engendering bleeding manifestations in severely-envenomed patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine M. Yamashita
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André F. Alves
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katia C. Barbaro
- Immunopathology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L. Santoro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Institute Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: ,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Santhosh MS, Thushara RM, Hemshekhar M, Sunitha K, Devaraja S, Kemparaju K, Girish KS. Alleviation of viper venom induced platelet apoptosis by crocin (Crocus sativus): implications for thrombocytopenia in viper bites. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2013; 36:424-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s11239-013-0888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|