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Bogudzińska B, Jaworski A, Zajdel A, Skrzypek K, Misiak B. The experience sampling methodology in psychosis risk states: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 175:34-41. [PMID: 38704979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The experience sampling method (ESM) is a structured diary technique, which is used to assess thoughts, mood and appraise subjective experiences in daily life. It has been recognized as a useful tool for understanding the characteristics, dynamics, and underlying mechanisms of prodromal symptoms of psychosis. The present systematic review aimed to provide a qualitative synthesis of findings provided by the ESM studies conducted in people with psychosis risk states. A systematic review of the MEDLINE, ERIC, Academic Search Ultimate, and Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition databases, utilizing search terms related to the ESM and the risk of psychosis was conducted. Out of 1069 publication records identified, 77 studies met the inclusion criteria for the review. Data were synthesized around the following topics: 1) assessment of symptoms dynamics and social functioning; 2) assessment of the mechanisms contributing to the emergence of psychotic experiences and 3) assessment of stress sensitivity. The studies have shown that negative emotions are associated with subsequent development of paranoia. The tendency to draw hasty conclusions, aberrant salience, self-esteem, and emotion regulation were the most frequently reported mechanisms associated with the emergence of psychotic experiences. Studies using the ESM also provided evidence for the role of stress sensitivity, in the development of psychotic symptoms. The ESM has widely been applied to studies investigating psychosis risk states, using a variety of protocols. Findings from this systematic review might inform future studies and indicate potential targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Bogudzińska
- Departament of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | | - Błażej Misiak
- Departament of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Fernández-Álvarez J, Colombo D, Gómez Penedo JM, Pierantonelli M, Baños RM, Botella C. Studies of Social Anxiety Using Ambulatory Assessment: Systematic Review. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e46593. [PMID: 38574359 PMCID: PMC11027061 DOI: 10.2196/46593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increased interest in understanding social anxiety (SA) and SA disorder (SAD) antecedents and consequences as they occur in real time, resulting in a proliferation of studies using ambulatory assessment (AA). Despite the exponential growth of research in this area, these studies have not been synthesized yet. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to identify and describe the latest advances in the understanding of SA and SAD through the use of AA. METHODS Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a systematic literature search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science. RESULTS A total of 70 articles met the inclusion criteria. The qualitative synthesis of these studies showed that AA permitted the exploration of the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral dynamics associated with the experience of SA and SAD. In line with the available models of SA and SAD, emotion regulation, perseverative cognition, cognitive factors, substance use, and interactional patterns were the principal topics of the included studies. In addition, the incorporation of AA to study psychological interventions, multimodal assessment using sensors and biosensors, and transcultural differences were some of the identified emerging topics. CONCLUSIONS AA constitutes a very powerful methodology to grasp SA from a complementary perspective to laboratory experiments and usual self-report measures, shedding light on the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral antecedents and consequences of SA and the development and maintenance of SAD as a mental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Álvarez
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
- Fundación Aiglé, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Desirée Colombo
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
| | | | | | - Rosa María Baños
- Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03 Instituto Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Botella
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, Castellon de la Plana, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03 Instituto Salud Carlos III), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Contractor AA, Slavish DC, Straup ML, Miguel-Alvaro A. Daily-level associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and reactions to retrieving positive autobiographical memories. J Anxiety Disord 2024; 103:102842. [PMID: 38325241 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Trauma survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) report difficulties accessing and describing positive memories. To understand these patterns, we examined daily-level relations of PTSD symptoms with affective, cognitive (dwelling/rumination; pushing memory out of one's mind; suppression; avoidance; distraction; thinking about something else; remembering negative or positive memories/events; negative or positive thoughts; accepting or disapproving memory; reinterpreting memory), and behavioral (using alcohol/drugs; smoking cigarettes; cravings for or seeking out cigarettes/alcohol/drugs; craving, seeking out, or consuming large amounts of food; dissociation; engaging in risky behaviors; sharing memories; interference with ongoing task; arousal) reactions to retrieving positive memories. Eighty-eight trauma survivors (Mage= 39.89 years; 59.1% female) completed 7 daily measures of PTSD and reactions to retrieving positive memories. Days with more PTSD severity were associated with higher odds of same-day suppression, avoidance, distraction, thinking about something else, smoking cigarettes, craving substances, craving, seeking out, or consuming large amounts of food, dissociation, remembering negative memories/events/thoughts, engaging in risky behaviors, interference with ongoing tasks, and arousal (ORs=1.10-1.22); and greater negative affect (β = 0.27). Supplemental lagged analyses indicated some associations between previous-day reactions to positive memory retrieval and next-day PTSD severity and vice versa. Trauma survivors with PTSD symptoms report negative and avoidance-oriented reactions to retrieving positive memories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danica C Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Madison L Straup
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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Bickel EA, Schellekens MPJ, Smink JG, Mul VEM, Ranchor AV, Fleer J, Schroevers MJ. Looking at individual symptoms: the dynamic network structure of depressive symptoms in cancer survivors and their preferences for psychological care. J Cancer Surviv 2024; 18:479-488. [PMID: 35976556 PMCID: PMC9382609 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-022-01246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The majority of depressed cancer survivors do not receive psychological care, possibly because offered care does not align with their experiences and preferences. We examined (1) which depressive symptoms cancer survivors would like to receive psychological care for; (2) how distinct depressive symptoms are related to each other in the contemporaneous and temporal network of depressive symptoms; and (3) whether survivors' care needs correspond to the interconnectedness of these specific symptoms. METHOD Fifty-two cancer survivors suffering from at least mild depressive symptoms and were not receiving psychological care filled out a baseline questionnaire about their care needs for distinct depressive symptoms, followed by ecological momentary assessments (EMA) assessing depressive symptoms (14 days, five times a day). Multi-level vector autoregression analysis was used to estimate associations between distinct depressive symptoms as well as their centrality within the network. RESULTS Cancer survivors most strongly preferred to receive care for fatigue, feeling down, little enjoyment, and sleep problems. Fatigue, together with worry and lack of concentration, most strongly predicted the onset of other symptoms. Little enjoyment and feeling down were two of the most central symptoms (i.e., strongly connected to other symptoms) in the contemporaneous network and were most strongly influenced by other symptoms in the temporal network. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians can offer specific interventions that target fatigue, as these played an important role in the onset of symptoms and would align with survivors' needs. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Offering such symptom-specific care may increase the uptake of psychological interventions in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Bickel
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - M P J Schellekens
- Centre for Psycho-Oncology, Scientific Research Department, Helen Dowling Institute, De Bilt, The Netherlands
- Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - J G Smink
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - V E M Mul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A V Ranchor
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Fleer
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M J Schroevers
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Flores Aniotz A, Reyes-Molina D, Cigarroa I, García-Merino S, Rubio Alonso M, Pérez Ruiz M, Zapata-Lamana R. Effect of Physical Exercise Programs Based on Mobile Health and Ecological Momentary Assessment on the Physical and Mental Health, Cognitive Functions, and Social Environment of Adults in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:578. [PMID: 38674224 PMCID: PMC11052404 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Although there is strong evidence of the positive effects of physical exercise on health, adherence to face-to-face exercise programs in the adult population is low, identifying several barriers that hinder their practice. There is research that demonstrates the viability of physical exercise programs with the use of Mobile Health in Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) mode, which contributes to overcoming many reported barriers. To synthesize the methodological characteristics and health effects of physical exercise programs based on mobile health in EMA modality in adults in developing countries. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to guidelines established by the PRISMA statement in APA PsycArticles and CINAHL databases by EBSCOhost, Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science for articles published between 2008 and March 2024. Results: Telephone counseling on clinical-behavioral factors is believed to reduce morbidity and mortality in developed countries, but this aspect is not explored in developing countries. We included nine randomized controlled trials with a total of 4394 male and female participants aged 18 to 60 years. The interventions were mainly carried out by text messages, lasting between 20 to 80 min per session, 3 to 5 days per week, and most were carried out over 12 months. The interventions on the variables of physical activity, nutrition, and medical assessments showed significant effects, and variables such as quality of life and anthropometric measurements were not significant in most studies. Conclusions: This systematic review included studies from different developing countries, the most common diseases being diabetes, overweight, obesity, and hypertension. All the studies used mobile devices as the technology, finding a profile of the adults studied, as well as the characteristics of exercise programs based on mobile health in EMA modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Flores Aniotz
- Programa Vida Saludable, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile;
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte y Fisioterapia, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Reyes-Molina
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles 4440000, Chile;
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Igor Cigarroa
- Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica Silva Henríquez, Santiago 8240000, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Victoria 4720000, Chile
| | - Sonia García-Merino
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Pozuelo, Spain;
| | - Margarita Rubio Alonso
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Margarita Pérez Ruiz
- Departamento Salud y Rendimiento Humano, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte Universidad Politécnica, C. de Martín Fierro, 7, Moncloa-Aravaca, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Formica MJC, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Reininghaus U, Kempton M, Delespaul P, de Haan L, Nelson B, Mikocka-Walus A, Olive L, Ruhrmann S, Rutten B, Riecher-Rössler A, Sachs G, Valmaggia L, van der Gaag M, McGuire P, van Os J, Hartmann JA. Associations between disturbed sleep and attenuated psychotic experiences in people at clinical high risk for psychosis. Psychol Med 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38450445 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-diagnostic stages of psychotic illnesses, including 'clinical high risk' (CHR), are marked by sleep disturbances. These sleep disturbances appear to represent a key aspect in the etiology and maintenance of psychotic disorders. We aimed to examine the relationship between self-reported sleep dysfunction and attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) on a day-to-day basis. METHODS Seventy-six CHR young people completed the Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) component of the European Union Gene-Environment Interaction Study, collected through PsyMate® devices, prompting sleep and symptom questionnaires 10 times daily for 6 days. Bayesian multilevel mixed linear regression analyses were performed on time-variant ESM data using the brms package in R. We investigated the day-to-day associations between sleep and psychotic experiences bidirectionally on an item level. Sleep items included sleep onset latency, fragmentation, and quality. Psychosis items assessed a range of perceptual, cognitive, and bizarre thought content common in the CHR population. RESULTS Two of the seven psychosis variables were unidirectionally predicted by previous night's number of awakenings: every unit increase in number of nightly awakenings predicted a 0.27 and 0.28 unit increase in feeling unreal or paranoid the next day, respectively. No other sleep variables credibly predicted next-day psychotic symptoms or vice-versa. CONCLUSION In this study, the relationship between sleep disturbance and APS appears specific to the item in question. However, some APS, including perceptual disturbances, had low levels of endorsement amongst this sample. Nonetheless, these results provide evidence for a unidirectional relationship between sleep and some APS in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J C Formica
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - M Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - U Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P Delespaul
- Facalty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Mondriaan Mental Health Centre, Maastricht/Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - L de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Early Psychosis, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Nelson
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - A Mikocka-Walus
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - L Olive
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - S Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - B Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - G Sachs
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Valmaggia
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M van der Gaag
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital OX3 7JX, UK
| | - J van Os
- Department of Psychiatry, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J A Hartmann
- Orygen, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Bell IH, Eisner E, Allan S, Cartner S, Torous J, Bucci S, Thomas N. Methodological Characteristics and Feasibility of Ecological Momentary Assessment Studies in Psychosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:238-265. [PMID: 37606276 PMCID: PMC10919779 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) involves completing multiple surveys over time in daily life, capturing in-the-moment experiences in real-world contexts. EMA use in psychosis studies has surged over several decades. To critically examine EMA use in psychosis research and assist future researchers in designing new EMA studies, this systematic review aimed to summarize the methodological approaches used for positive symptoms in psychosis populations and evaluate feasibility with a focus on completion rates. METHODS A systematic review of PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Embase databases using search terms related to EMA and psychosis was conducted. Excluding duplicate samples, a meta-analysis was conducted of EMA survey completion rates and meta-regression to examine predictors of completion. RESULTS Sixty-eight studies were included in the review. Characteristics and reporting of EMA methodologies were variable across studies. The meta-mean EMA survey completion computed from the 39 unique studies that reported a mean completion rate was 67.15% (95% CI = 62.3, 71.9), with an average of 86.25% of the sample meeting a one-third EMA completion criterion. No significant predictors of completion were found in the meta-regression. A variety of EMA items were used to measure psychotic experiences, of which few were validated. CONCLUSIONS EMA methods have been widely applied in psychosis studies using a range of protocols. Completion rates are high, providing clear evidence of feasibility in psychosis populations. Recommendations for reporting in future studies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen H Bell
- Orygen The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Emily Eisner
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Zochonis Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Sharla Cartner
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John Torous
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sandra Bucci
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Zochonis Building, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil Thomas
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Temple J, Gemma Cherry M, Gray V, Jones A, Fisher P. Experience sampling methodology study of anxiety and depression in adolescents with epilepsy: The role of metacognitive beliefs and perseverative thinking. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 151:109599. [PMID: 38160577 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Emotional distress is common in young people with epilepsy (YPwE). According to the Self-Regulatory Executive Function (S-REF) model, maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and perseverative thinking are fundamental in the development and maintenance of emotional distress. As emotional distress and perseverative thinking can highly fluctuate over short intervals in YPwE, it is important to account for this variability when testing the utility of psychological models. Experience sampling methodology (ESM) was therefore used to explore the momentary relationship between metacognitive beliefs, perseverative thinking, and emotional distress in YPwE. Eighteen participants diagnosed with epilepsy (aged 12-17 years) completed the 10-day ESM period. Participants were prompted to complete the ESM assessment five times daily. The ESM assessment assessed participant's momentary levels of metacognitive beliefs, perseverative thinking (i.e., worry and rumination), and emotional distress (i.e., anxiety and depression). A series of multilevel regression analyses indicated that metacognitive beliefs were significantly positively associated with worry, rumination, anxiety and depression. After controlling for worry and rumination, respectively, metacognitive beliefs did not account for additional variance in anxiety or depression. Findings provide preliminary support for the utility of the S-REF model for emotional distress in YPwE. Metacognitive therapy, which is underpinned by the S-REF model, may be an appropriate intervention for emotional distress in YPwE. Future studies should assess the mediational relationship between metacognitive beliefs, perseverative thinking, and emotional distress using time-lagged models.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Temple
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mary Gemma Cherry
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Clinical Health Psychology Service, Liverpool University NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Victoria Gray
- Psychological Services (Paediatrics), Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Jones
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Peter Fisher
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Clinical Health Psychology Service, Liverpool University NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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De Calheiros Velozo J, Habets J, George SV, Niemeijer K, Minaeva O, Hagemann N, Herff C, Kuppens P, Rintala A, Vaessen T, Riese H, Delespaul P. Designing daily-life research combining experience sampling method with parallel data. Psychol Med 2024; 54:98-107. [PMID: 36039768 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambulatory monitoring is gaining popularity in mental and somatic health care to capture an individual's wellbeing or treatment course in daily-life. Experience sampling method collects subjective time-series data of patients' experiences, behavior, and context. At the same time, digital devices allow for less intrusive collection of more objective time-series data with higher sampling frequencies and for prolonged sampling periods. We refer to these data as parallel data. Combining these two data types holds the promise to revolutionize health care. However, existing ambulatory monitoring guidelines are too specific to each data type, and lack overall directions on how to effectively combine them. METHODS Literature and expert opinions were integrated to formulate relevant guiding principles. RESULTS Experience sampling and parallel data must be approached as one holistic time series right from the start, at the study design stage. The fluctuation pattern and volatility of the different variables of interest must be well understood to ensure that these data are compatible. Data have to be collected and operationalized in a manner that the minimal common denominator is able to answer the research question with regard to temporal and disease severity resolution. Furthermore, recommendations are provided for device selection, data management, and analysis. Open science practices are also highlighted throughout. Finally, we provide a practical checklist with the delineated considerations and an open-source example demonstrating how to apply it. CONCLUSIONS The provided considerations aim to structure and support researchers as they undertake the new challenges presented by this exciting multidisciplinary research field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeroen Habets
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandip V George
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Niemeijer
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olga Minaeva
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Noëmi Hagemann
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Herff
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Kuppens
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Research Group of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aki Rintala
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Social and Health Care, LAB University of Applied Sciences, Lahti, Finland
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Mind Body Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Topan R, Vork L, Fitzke H, Pandya S, Keszthelyi D, Cornelis J, Ellis J, Van Oudenhove L, Van Den Houte M, Aziz Q. Poor Subjective Sleep Quality Predicts Symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Using the Experience Sampling Method. Am J Gastroenterol 2024; 119:155-164. [PMID: 37737676 PMCID: PMC10758350 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sleep quality may affect symptom experience in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our aim was to investigate the relationship between sleep quality and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms using actigraphy and the experience sampling method. METHODS Patients with IBS were recruited from a tertiary Neurogastroenterology clinic and the community. GI symptoms and mood were recorded on a smartphone application, 10 times per day, over 7 consecutive days. Subjective sleep quality was recorded every morning to reflect the night before. Objective measures of sleep quality were estimated from wrist-worn actigraphy. Cross-lagged structural equation models were built to assess the directionality of sleep-symptom relationships over time. RESULTS Eighty patients with IBS completed the study (mean age: 37 years [range 20-68], 89% female, 78% community). Approximately 66% had a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score ≥ 8, indicating a clinically significant sleep disturbance. Approximately 82% (95% CI: 72-90) screened positive for a sleep disorder, most commonly insomnia. In cross-lagged analysis, poor subjective sleep quality predicted next-day abdominal pain (0.036 < P < 0.040) and lower GI symptoms (0.030 < P < 0.032), but not vice versa. No significant relationship with GI symptoms was found for any objective sleep measure using actigraphy. DISCUSSION Poor subjective sleep quality was associated with higher next-day lower GI symptom levels, but not vice versa. Objective sleep measures did not predict next-day abdominal symptoms, potentially supporting the conclusion that it is the perception of sleep quality that is most influential. This study may be used to guide future research into the effect of sleep interventions on GI symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Topan
- Blizard Institute, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Lisa Vork
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Shraya Pandya
- Blizard Institute, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Daniel Keszthelyi
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jason Ellis
- Northumbria Centre for Sleep Research, Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, UK;
| | - Lukas Van Oudenhove
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;
- Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
| | - Maaike Van Den Houte
- Laboratory for Brain-Gut Axis Studies (LaBGAS), Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases & Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;
- Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Qasim Aziz
- Blizard Institute, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University, London, UK
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11
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Byrne ME, Bernstein RA, Pine DS, Kircanski K. Ecological Momentary Assessment of Youth Anxiety: Evaluation of Psychometrics for Use in Clinical Trials. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2023; 33:409-417. [PMID: 38052059 PMCID: PMC10733775 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2023.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) captures naturalistic experience in real time and holds promise to improve our understanding and treatment of youth psychopathology. While psychometric evaluation of EMA methods is crucial, particularly for use as a tool in clinical trials, research examining the reliability and validity of EMA items in youth is lacking. Method: This study evaluates EMA responses from 204 child and adolescent participants (M age = 12.54, 60.8% female), including 131 participants with an anxiety disorder and 73 participants with no psychiatric diagnosis. We assessed the within- and between-person variability, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity of two EMA items probing anxiety symptoms; one positive affect item served as a comparison. Results: All psychometric properties of the anxiety items were at least satisfactory in youth with anxiety disorders. However, there was restricted variability and poor test-retest reliability in youth with no diagnosis. Discussion: These results might facilitate future clinical trials using EMA to investigate pediatric anxiety. Results also suggest that unique EMA items might be needed to reliably track anxiety in healthy youth. Future work should continue to examine the psychometric properties of EMA protocols before implementation in clinical trials. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00018057.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E. Byrne
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel A. Bernstein
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katharina Kircanski
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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12
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Chau AKC, So SHW, Barkus E. The role of loneliness and negative schemas in the moment-to-moment dynamics between social anxiety and paranoia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20775. [PMID: 38008774 PMCID: PMC10679161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety and paranoia often co-occur and exacerbate each other. While loneliness and negative schemas contribute to the development of social anxiety and paranoia separately, their role in the development of the two symptoms co-occurring is rarely considered longitudinally. This study examined the moment-to-moment relationship between social anxiety and paranoia, as well as the effects of loneliness and negative schemas on both experiences individually and coincidingly. A total of 134 non-clinical young adults completed experience sampling assessments of momentary social anxiety, paranoia, and loneliness ten times per day for six consecutive days. Participants' negative-self and -other schemas were assessed with the Brief Core Schema Scale. Dynamic structural equation modelling revealed a bidirectional relationship between social anxiety and paranoia across moments. Loneliness preceded increases in both symptoms in the next moment. Higher negative-self schema was associated with a stronger link from paranoia to social anxiety; whereas higher negative-other schema was associated with a stronger link from social anxiety to paranoia. Our findings support the reciprocal relationship between social anxiety and paranoia. While loneliness contributes to the development of social anxiety and paranoia, negative self and other schemas appear to modify the relationships between the two symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson Kai Chun Chau
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, New Territories, 3/F Wong Foo Yuan Building, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzanne Ho-Wai So
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, New Territories, 3/F Wong Foo Yuan Building, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Emma Barkus
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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13
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Williams AJ, Townsend E, Naeche N, Chapman-Nisar A, Hollis C, Slovak P. Investigating the Feasibility, Acceptability, and Appropriation of a Socially Assistive Robot Among Minority Youth at Risk of Self-Harm: Results of 2 Mixed Methods Pilot Studies. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e52336. [PMID: 37991838 PMCID: PMC10701649 DOI: 10.2196/52336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minority youth are at an increased risk of experiencing self-harmful thoughts and behaviors. However, there is limited evidence of successful interventions to support young people in the moment of their distress. Digital interventions are considered a potential solution for providing in-the-moment support for those at risk of adverse mental health and self-harm. OBJECTIVE These pilot studies aim to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a new in situ intervention tool, Purrble, among two broad groups of minority youth: (1) lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and similar minority (LGBTQ+) youth and (2) racial and ethnic minority youth. Purrble was designed to support in-situ emotion regulation (ER) support when individuals are facing emotionally challenging situations. METHODS This study consisted of 2 mixed methods pilot studies that followed the same mixed methods design, including 3 weeks of daily and weekly surveys and optional follow-up interviews. Inclusion criteria were (1) aged between 16 and 25 years, (2) part of a minority group, (3) had experiences of self-harmful thoughts or behaviors or elevated symptoms of depression or anxiety, and (4) living in the United Kingdom at the time of the study. The primary outcomes were (1) the feasibility of Purrble as an intervention among pilot samples (analyzed by consent rate, retention rate, adherence to surveys, and engagement with the device) and (2) the acceptability and appropriation of Purrble across pilot studies as a tool to support ER in situ (thematically analyzed qualitative open-ended questions and interview data). The secondary outcomes were descriptive pilot data concerning the mental health outcomes in each sample. RESULTS In total, 21 LGBTQ+ young people participated in pilot study 1, with 86% (n=18) completing the baseline and 3 weeks of daily surveys. These young people maintained engagement with Purrble across deployment, across which period there was a decrease in self-harmful thoughts and anxiety symptoms. A total of 19 ethnic and racial minority youths participated in pilot study 2, and 84% (n=16) completed the study. Although pilot study 2 participants also maintained engagement with Purrble across deployment, this was to a lesser degree than participants of pilot study 1, and perceived mental health outcomes did not indicate potential change associated with the device. The thematic analysis indicated three superordinate themes: (1) stopping the self-harm cycle, (2) adopting ER strategies, and (3) stages of change. CONCLUSIONS These were the first pilot studies of a novel intervention that aimed to provide in situ ER support for young people at risk of self-harm. Both quantitative and qualitative findings indicate that young people found Purrble to be a feasible and acceptable intervention, as they effectively incorporated the device into their ER practices. These engagements with Purrble were described as interrupting the cycle of self-harmful ideation and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jess Williams
- Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen Townsend
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nkem Naeche
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Chapman-Nisar
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Hollis
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Petr Slovak
- Department of Informatics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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14
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Michel C, Lerch S, Büetiger JR, Flückiger R, Cavelti M, Koenig J, Kaess M, Kindler J. An ecological momentary assessment study of age effects on perceptive and non-perceptive clinical high-risk symptoms of psychosis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:1841-1852. [PMID: 35585271 PMCID: PMC9116495 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Among individuals with clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR), perceptive symptoms are more frequent but have less clinical significance in children/adolescents compared to adults. However, findings are based on clinical interviews relying on patient's recall capacity. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can be used to explore experiences in real-time in the subject's daily life. The aim of this study was to assess frequency and stability of (perceptive and non-perceptive) CHR symptoms and to explore potential age effects. EMA was used in a sample of an early detection for psychosis service in Bern, Switzerland (N = 66; 11-36 years). CHR symptoms were recorded in random time intervals for seven days: eight assessments per day per subject, minimum time between prompts set at 25 min. CHR symptoms were additionally assessed with semi-structured interviews including the 'Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes' and the 'Schizophrenia Proneness Instruments'. Mixed-effects linear regression analysis on the frequency of CHR symptoms revealed a significant effect of age group, and the interaction CHR symptoms x age group for both perceptive and non-perceptive symptoms. Further, regarding stability of CHR symptoms, there was a significant effect of the interaction CHR symptoms x age group for perceptive symptoms only. Based on EMA, perceptive CHR symptoms were more frequently reported but less stable in children/adolescents compared with adults. Together with previous findings, our finding of higher instability/variability of perceptive symptoms in younger persons might suggest that with advancing age and more stability of CHR symptoms, clinical relevance (reduced psychosocial functioning) may increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - S Lerch
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J R Büetiger
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Flückiger
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Cavelti
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Kindler
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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Bartels SL, van Zelst C, Melo Moura B, Daniëls NE, Simons CJ, Marcelis M, Bos FM, Servaas MN. Feedback based on experience sampling data: Examples of current approaches and considerations for future research. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20084. [PMID: 37809510 PMCID: PMC10559801 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Methodologies such as the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) or Ecological Momentary Assessment allow the gathering of fine-graded, dynamic, personal data within a patient's daily life. Currently, it is studied whether feedback based on experience sampling data (ESM-based feedback) can be used as a clinical tool to inform shared decision-making in clinical practice. Although the potential of feedback is recognized, little is known on how to generate, use, and implement it. This article (i) presents n = 15 ongoing ESM projects within the Belgian-Dutch network for ESM research wherein ESM-based feedback is provided to various patient populations, and (ii) summarizes qualitative data on experiences with ESM-based feedback of researchers (n = 8) with extensive expertise with ESM (average of 10 years) involved in these ongoing studies. The following aspects appear to be of relevance when providing ESM-based feedback: training for healthcare professionals and researchers, the use of online interfaces and graphical visualizations to present data, and interacting with patients in a face-to-face setting when discussing the contextual relevance and potential implications. Prospectively, research may build on these aspects and create coherent consensus-based guidelines for the use of ESM-based feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Laureen Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Alzheimer Centre Limburg, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine van Zelst
- Department of Psychosis Research and Innovation, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, the Netherlands
- GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bernardo Melo Moura
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculdade de Medicina, Portugal
| | - Naomi E.M. Daniëls
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Family Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia J.P. Simons
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Machteld Marcelis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Fionneke M. Bos
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle N. Servaas
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center for Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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16
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So SHW, Chau AKC, Chung LKH, Leung CM, Chong GH, Chang WC, Mak AD, Chan SS, Lee S, Sommer IE. Moment-to-moment affective dynamics in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e67. [PMID: 37544924 PMCID: PMC10594258 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective disturbances in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may represent a transdiagnostic etiological process as well as a target of intervention. Hypotheses on similarities and differences in various parameters of affective dynamics (intensity, successive/acute changes, variability, and reactivity to stress) between the two disorders were tested. METHODS Experience sampling method was used to assess dynamics of positive and negative affect, 10 times a day over 6 consecutive days. Patients with schizophrenia (n = 46) and patients with bipolar disorder (n = 46) were compared against age-matched healthy controls (n = 46). RESULTS Compared to controls, the schizophrenia group had significantly more intense momentary negative affect, a lower likelihood of acute changes in positive affect, and reduced within-person variability of positive affect. The bipolar disorder group was not significantly different from either the schizophrenia group or the healthy control group on any affect indexes. Within the schizophrenia group, level of depression was associated with weaker reactivity to stress for negative affect. Within the bipolar disorder group, level of depression was associated with lower positive affect. CONCLUSIONS Patients with schizophrenia endured a more stable and negative affective state than healthy individuals, and were less likely to be uplifted in response to happenings in daily life. There is little evidence that these affective constructs characterize the psychopathology of bipolar disorder; such investigation may have been limited by the heterogeneity within group. Our findings supported the clinical importance of assessing multiple facets of affective dynamics beyond the mean levels of intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Ho-wai So
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anson Kai Chun Chau
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Chung-ming Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - George H.C. Chong
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Kwai Chung Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Chung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Arthur D.P. Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sandra S.M. Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sing Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Iris E. Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Contractor AA, Batley PN, Compton SE, Weiss NH. Relations Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Positive Memory Characteristics Among Women Reporting Intimate Partner Violence: A Micro-Longitudinal Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:7266-7295. [PMID: 36541198 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221143200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Evidence links posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms to positive autobiographical memory characteristics. To extend this research, we uniquely utilized micro-longitudinal data to examine (1) the trajectory of PTSD symptom count across 30 days; and (2) if more vividness and accessibility of retrieved positive memories at the daily level predicted decreases in the trajectory of PTSD symptom count across 30 days. The current study was a secondary data analysis of a larger study. The sample included 74 women who reported physical or sexual victimization in the past 30 days by their current male partner and reported the use of alcohol and/or drugs during that time (Mage = 39.68 years; 37.80% with diagnostic PTSD; 43.2% White; 37.8% Black or African American). They completed thrice daily measures of PTSD symptoms and positive memory characteristics (vividness and accessibility) across 30 days. Results of the random effects longitudinal multilevel model indicated that, on average, the relation between PTSD symptom count and positive memory vividness was positive and statistically significant (0.19, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] [0.2, 0.35]); and the relation between PTSD symptom count and positive memory accessibility was positive and statistically significant (0.31, 95% CI [0.15, 0.47]). The relationship between PTSD symptom count and positive memory vividness/accessibility (i.e., slopes) varied significantly across participants, with a wide range of positive and negative regression coefficients. Future research needs to investigate why and how positive memory vividness and accessibility may relate to trajectories of PTSD symptoms over time, with potential clinical implications for positive memory interventions addressing PTSD.
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18
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Hermans KSFM, Kirtley OJ, Kasanova Z, Achterhof R, Hagemann N, Hiekkaranta AP, Lecei A, Zapata-Fonseca L, Lafit G, Fossion R, Froese T, Myin-Germeys I. Ecological and Convergent Validity of Experimentally and Dynamically Assessed Capacity for Social Contingency Detection Using the Perceptual Crossing Experiment in Adolescence. Assessment 2023; 30:1109-1124. [PMID: 35373600 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221083613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Perceptual Crossing Experiment (PCE) captures the capacity for social contingency detection using real-time social interaction dynamics but has not been externally validated. We tested ecological and convergent validity of the PCE in a sample of 208 adolescents from the general population, aged 11 to 19 years. We expected associations between PCE performance and (a) quantity and quality of social interaction in daily life, using Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM; ecological validity) and (b) self-reported social skills using a questionnaire (convergent validity). We also expected PCE performance to better explain variance in ESM social measures than self-reported social skills. Multilevel analyses showed that only self-reported social skills were positively associated with social experience of company in daily life. These initial results do not support ecological and convergent validity of the PCE. However, fueled by novel insights regarding the complexity of capturing social dynamics, we identified promising methodological advances for future validation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn S F M Hermans
- KU Leuven, Belgium
- Karlijn S. F. M. Hermans now affiliated to: Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Education and Child studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruben Fossion
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City
| | - Tom Froese
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Japan
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Contractor AA, Messman BA, Slavish DC, Weiss NH. Do positive memory characteristics influence daily-level trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms? an exploratory daily diary study. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2023; 36:320-338. [PMID: 35561031 PMCID: PMC9653523 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2075856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Evidence links posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with positive memory characteristics. To extend this research, we utilized daily diary data to examine (1) concurrent/lagged associations between daily PTSD symptom severity and positive memory vividness/accessibility; and (2) associations between baseline-assessed positive memory characteristics and changes in PTSD symptom severity over time. DESIGN AND METHODS A sample of 238 trauma-exposed participants (Mage = 21.19 years; 86% women) completed baseline and 10 daily measures of PTSD symptoms and positive memory characteristics. Multilevel models covaried for gender, number of trauma types, and number of completed surveys. RESULTS Days with greater PTSD symptom severity than an individual's average associated with less vividness (b = -0.02, p < .001) and accessibility (b = -0.02, p < .001) of the positive memory on the same day. Days with greater positive memory vividness (b = -1.06, p < .001) and accessibility (b = -0.93, p < .001) than an individual's average associated with less PTSD symptom severity on the same day. There were no significant lagged associations between these constructs. There were significant interactions between baseline-assessed psychological distance and time (b = -0.04, p = .042) and between baseline-assessed visual perspective and time (b = 0.05, p = .023) on PTSD symptom severity across days. CONCLUSIONS Findings inform positive memory intervention targets for PTSD and provide impetus for longitudinal investigations on their inter-relations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brett A. Messman
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Danica C. Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Nicole H. Weiss
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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20
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van Barneveld E, Lim A, van Hanegem N, van Osch F, Vork L, Kruimel J, Bongers M, Leue C. Real-time Symptom Assessment in Patients With Endometriosis: Psychometric Evaluation of an Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome Measure, Based on the Experience Sampling Method. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e29480. [PMID: 36867439 PMCID: PMC10024211 DOI: 10.2196/29480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The experience sampling method (ESM) holds advantages over traditional retrospective questionnaires including a high ecological validity, no recall bias, the ability to assess fluctuation of symptoms, and the ability to analyze the temporal relationship between variables. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of an endometriosis-specific ESM tool. METHODS This is a short-term follow-up prospective study, including patients with premenopausal endometriosis aged ≥18 years who reported dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, or dyspareunia between December 2019 and November 2020. An ESM-based questionnaire was sent out by a smartphone application 10 times a day during 1 week on randomly chosen moments. Additionally, patients completed questionnaires concerning demographics, end-of-day pain scores, and end-of-week symptom scores. The psychometric evaluation included compliance, concurrent validity, and internal consistency. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients with endometriosis completed the study. Compliance for answering the ESM questions was as high as 52%. End-of-week pain scores were higher than ESM mean scores and showed peak reporting. ESM scores showed strong concurrent validity when compared with symptoms scored by the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale-Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorders Scale, 9-question Patient Health Questionnaire, and the majority of questions of the 30-item Endometriosis Health Profile. Cronbach α coefficients demonstrated a good internal consistency for abdominal symptoms, general somatic symptoms, and positive affect, and an excellent internal consistency for negative affect. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the validity and reliability of a newly developed electronic instrument for the measurement of symptoms in women with endometriosis, based on momentary assessments. This ESM patient-reported outcome measure has the advantage of providing a more detailed view on individual symptom patterns and offers the possibility for patients to have insight in their symptomatology, leading to more individualized treatment strategies that can improve the quality of life of women with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van Barneveld
- GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Arianne Lim
- GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nehalennia van Hanegem
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Frits van Osch
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vork
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Joanna Kruimel
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marlies Bongers
- GROW School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Máxima Medical Center, Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | - Carsten Leue
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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21
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Soyster PD, Song F, Fisher AJ. Clinician Opinions: Perceived Utility of and Barriers to Incorporating Pretreatment Ecological Momentary Assessment Into Clinical Care. Behav Ther 2023; 54:200-213. [PMID: 36858754 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly, clinicians have the option of including technological components into clinical care. However, little research has assessed clinicians' interest in utilizing technology in their clinical work. Here, clinicians reported their opinions related to using a mobile assessment platform (MAP) to collect ecological data from clients before providing clinical care. Practicing and training mental health clinicians (N = 221) reported demographics, characteristics of their clinical work, and confidence in their clinical skill. Participants then read a description of MAP and responded to questions about their perceived benefits of and barriers to its use. Last, participants rated their interest in using MAP in their clinical work. These perceptions were then factor-analyzed and the resulting factor scores were regressed onto clinician characteristics. Interest in using MAP was significantly lower for the group that endorsed a psychodynamic/psychoanalytic orientation and those with greater confidence in their clinical skills. Across scales, we found a pattern that participants who did not identify as male, those with a psychodynamic/psychoanalytic orientation, and those with greater confidence in their clinical skills tended to have lower ratings of the benefits of and higher ratings for the barriers to using MAP. Results revealed that significant differences in opinions about incorporating technology into clinical work exist between different groups of clinicians. This information may be useful in future work that attempts to implement technological tools into clinical settings.
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22
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Blanchard MA, Contreras A, Kalkan RB, Heeren A. Auditing the research practices and statistical analyses of the group-level temporal network approach to psychological constructs: A systematic scoping review. Behav Res Methods 2023; 55:767-787. [PMID: 35469085 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-01839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Network analyses have become increasingly common within the field of psychology, and temporal network analyses in particular are quickly gaining traction, with many of the initial articles earning substantial interest. However, substantial heterogeneity exists within the study designs and methodology, rendering it difficult to form a comprehensive view of its application in psychology research. Since the field is quickly growing and since there have been many study-to-study variations in terms of choices made by researchers when collecting, processing, and analyzing data, we saw the need to audit this field and formulate a comprehensive view of current temporal network analyses. To systematically chart researchers' practices when conducting temporal network analyses, we reviewed articles conducting temporal network analyses on psychological variables (published until March 2021) in the framework of a scoping review. We identified 43 articles and present the detailed results of how researchers are currently conducting temporal network analyses. A commonality across results concerns the wide variety of data collection and analytical practices, along with a lack of consistency between articles about what is reported. We use these results, along with relevant literature from the fields of ecological momentary assessment and network analysis, to formulate recommendations on what type of data is suited for temporal network analyses as well as optimal methods to preprocess and analyze data. As the field is new, we also discuss key future steps to help usher the field's progress forward and offer a reporting checklist to help researchers navigate conducting and reporting temporal network analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Annelise Blanchard
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- Belgian National Science Foundation (F.R.S.-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Alba Contreras
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rana Begum Kalkan
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Heeren
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Place du Cardinal Mercier, 10, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Belgian National Science Foundation (F.R.S.-FNRS), Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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23
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Pieters LE, Deenik J, de Vet S, Delespaul P, van Harten PN. Combining actigraphy and experience sampling to assess physical activity and sleep in patients with psychosis: A feasibility study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1107812. [PMID: 36911128 PMCID: PMC9996223 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1107812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disorders and reduced physical activity are common in patients with psychosis and can be related to health-related outcomes such as symptomatology and functioning. Mobile health technologies and wearable sensor methods enable continuous and simultaneous monitoring of physical activity, sleep, and symptoms in one's day-to-day environment. Only a few studies have applied simultaneous assessment of these parameters. Therefore, we aimed to examine the feasibility of the simultaneous monitoring of physical activity, sleep, and symptoms and functioning in psychosis. METHODS Thirty three outpatients diagnosed with a schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder used an actigraphy watch and experience sampling method (ESM) smartphone app for 7 consecutive days to monitor physical activity, sleep, symptoms, and functioning. Participants wore the actigraphy watch during day and night and completed multiple short questionnaires (eight daily, one morning, and one evening) on their phone. Hereafter they completed evaluation questionnaires. RESULTS Of the 33 patients (25 male), 32 (97.0%) used the ESM and actigraphy during the instructed timeframe. ESM response was good: 64.0% for the daily, 90.6% for morning, and 82.6% for evening questionnaire(s). Participants were positive about the use of actigraphy and ESM. CONCLUSION The combination of wrist-worn actigraphy and smartphone-based ESM is feasible and acceptable in outpatients with psychosis. These novel methods can help both clinical practice and future research to gain more valid insight into physical activity and sleep as biobehavioral markers linked to psychopathological symptoms and functioning in psychosis. This can be used to investigate relationships between these outcomes and thereby improve individualized treatment and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia E Pieters
- Psychiatric Center GGz Central, Research Department, Amersfoort, Netherlands.,Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Deenik
- Psychiatric Center GGz Central, Research Department, Amersfoort, Netherlands.,Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sabine de Vet
- Psychiatric Center GGz Central, Research Department, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - Philippe Delespaul
- Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Mondriaan Mental Health Center, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Peter N van Harten
- Psychiatric Center GGz Central, Research Department, Amersfoort, Netherlands.,Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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24
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Feller C, Ilen L, Eliez S, Schneider M. Characterizing Daily-Life Social Interactions in Adolescents and Young Adults with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Comparison Between Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders and 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:245-262. [PMID: 35018586 PMCID: PMC9889413 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05423-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Social impairments are common features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) allowed access to daily-life information in order to explore the phenomenology of social interactions. 32 individuals with 22q11DS, 26 individuals with ASD and 44 typically developing peers (TD) aged 12-30 were assessed during 6 days 8 times a day using a mobile app. Participants with 22q11DS and ASD did not spend more time alone but showed distinct implication in the social sphere than TD. Distinct profiles emerged between the two conditions regarding the subjective experience of aloneness and the subjective experience of social interactions. This study highlights distinct social functioning profiles in daily-life in 22q11DS and ASD that points towards different therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Feller
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40, Boulevard du Pont-d’Arve, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Ilen
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40, Boulevard du Pont-d’Arve, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- grid.8591.50000 0001 2322 4988Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40, Boulevard du Pont-d’Arve, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Lawrence K, Bucci S, Berry K, Carter L, Taylor P. Fluctuations in proximity seeking and paranoia. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 61:1019-1037. [PMID: 35570710 PMCID: PMC9790696 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate associations between proximity seeking, stress and paranoia in the context of daily life, and whether these relationships are moderated by trait attachment styles. METHODS Sixty non-clinical participants completed 3423 assessments of state stress, proximity seeking and paranoia over a 6-day period using an experience sampling method. Multilevel linear regression was performed to evaluate relationships between variables. RESULTS The post-hoc analysis showed antecedent events subjectively appraised as very unpleasant or very pleasant predicted greater levels of momentary proximity seeking at the subsequent timepoint. Greater stress predicted greater subsequent shifts or variability in proximity seeking. Changes in proximity seeking were not associated with momentary paranoia. However, for individuals with an avoidant attachment style, greater shifts in proximity seeking resulted in greater subsequent reports of paranoia. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, in daily life, the attachment system may become active in response to stress. For those with an avoidant attachment style, an active attachment system may exacerbate paranoid thoughts possibly due to the activation of attachment-related beliefs that one should be fearful of unavailable others and instead rely on one's autonomy to regulate affect. These findings highlight the need to consider attachment in the assessment and formulation of paranoia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lawrence
- Division of Psychology and Mental HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Sandra Bucci
- Division of Psychology and Mental HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Katherine Berry
- Division of Psychology and Mental HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
| | - Lesley‐Anne Carter
- Division of Psychology and Mental HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Peter Taylor
- Division of Psychology and Mental HealthManchester Academic Health Science CentreFaculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
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26
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Klippel A, Schick A, Myin-Germeys I, Rauschenberg C, Vaessen T, Reininghaus U. Modelling the temporal interplay between stress and affective disturbances in pathways to psychosis: an experience sampling study. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2776-2785. [PMID: 33678198 PMCID: PMC9647515 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One putative psychological mechanism through which momentary stress impacts on psychosis in individuals with increased liability to the disorder is via affective disturbance. However, to date, this has not been systematically tested. We aimed to investigate whether (i) cross-sectional and temporal effects of momentary stress on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance, and (ii) the reverse pathway of psychotic experiences on stress via affective disturbance were modified by familial liability to psychosis. METHODS The Experience Sampling Method was used in a pooled data set of six studies with three groups of 245 individuals with psychotic disorder, 165 unaffected first-degree relatives, and 244 healthy control individuals to index familial liability. Multilevel moderated mediation models were fitted to investigate indirect effects across groups cross-sectionally and multilevel cross-lagged panel models to investigate temporal effects in the proposed pathways across two measurement occasions. RESULTS Evidence on indirect effects from cross-sectional models indicated that, in all three groups, effects of stress on psychotic experiences were mediated by negative affect and, vice versa, effects of psychotic experiences on stress were mediated by negative affect, with all indirect effects being weakest in relatives. Longitudinal modelling of data provided no evidence of temporal priority of stress in exerting its indirect effects on psychotic experiences via affective disturbance or, vice versa. CONCLUSIONS Our findings tentatively suggest a rapid vicious cycle of stress impacting psychotic experiences via affective disturbances, which does, however, not seem to be consistently modified by familial liability to psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Klippel
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry (CCP), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Lifespan Psychology & Department of Methods and Statistics, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Open University, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Schick
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry (CCP), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Rauschenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry (CCP), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK
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27
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Meyer N, Joyce DW, Karr C, de Vos M, Dijk DJ, Jacobson NC, MacCabe JH. The temporal dynamics of sleep disturbance and psychopathology in psychosis: a digital sampling study. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2741-2750. [PMID: 33431090 PMCID: PMC9647520 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disruption is a common precursor to deterioration and relapse in people living with psychotic disorders. Understanding the temporal relationship between sleep and psychopathology is important for identifying and developing interventions which target key variables that contribute to relapse. METHODS We used a purpose-built digital platform to sample self-reported sleep and psychopathology variables over 1 year, in 36 individuals with schizophrenia. Once-daily measures of sleep duration and sleep quality, and fluctuations in psychopathology (positive and negative affect, cognition and psychotic symptoms) were captured. We examined the temporal relationship between these variables using the Differential Time-Varying Effect (DTVEM) hybrid exploratory-confirmatory model. RESULTS Poorer sleep quality and shorter sleep duration maximally predicted deterioration in psychosis symptoms over the subsequent 1-8 and 1-12 days, respectively. These relationships were also mediated by negative affect and cognitive symptoms. Psychopathology variables also predicted sleep quality, but not sleep duration, and the effect sizes were smaller and of shorter lag duration. CONCLUSIONS Reduced sleep duration and poorer sleep quality anticipate the exacerbation of psychotic symptoms by approximately 1-2 weeks, and negative affect and cognitive symptoms mediate this relationship. We also observed a reciprocal relationship that was of shorter duration and smaller magnitude. Sleep disturbance may play a causal role in symptom exacerbation and relapse, and represents an important and tractable target for intervention. It warrants greater attention as an early warning sign of deterioration, and low-burden, user-friendly digital tools may play a role in its early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Meyer
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dan W. Joyce
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Health Research, Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris Karr
- Audacious Technologies, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maarten de Vos
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- ESAT, Department of Engineering & Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicholas C. Jacobson
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - James H. MacCabe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
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28
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van Barneveld E, de Hertogh M, Vork L, van Hanegem N, van Osch FHM, Kruimel JW, Bongers MY, Leue C, Lim AC. Patient-specific affect-abdominal pain interactions in endometriosis: an experience sampling method (ESM) study. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 2022; 43:237-243. [PMID: 35341450 DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2022.2053844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cross-sectional studies show that endometriosis-related pain is associated with affect. Measuring these symptoms in real-time in a longitudinal perspective yields the ability to analyze the temporal relationship between variables. The aim was to evaluate the association between affect and abdominal pain, using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) as a real-time, randomly repeated assessment. METHODS Thirty-four endometriosis patients and 31 healthy subjects completed up to 10 real-time self-assessments concerning abdominal pain and affective symptoms during seven consecutive days. RESULTS Endometriosis patients experienced more abdominal pain and negative affective symptoms, and scored lower on positive affect compared to healthy controls. A significant association was found between abdominal pain and both positive and negative affect in endometriosis patients. For healthy controls, less strong or non-significant associations were found. When looking at abdominal pain as a predictor for affect and vice versa, we found that only in endometriosis patients, pain was subsequently accompanied by negative affect, and positive affect may alleviate pain in these patients. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms a concurrent and temporal relationship between affect and abdominal pain in endometriosis patients and supports the use of real-time symptom assessment to interpret potential influencers of abdominal complaints in patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E van Barneveld
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, the Netherlands.,GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M de Hertogh
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - L Vork
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - N van Hanegem
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - F H M van Osch
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - J W Kruimel
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Y Bongers
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, the Netherlands.,GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - C Leue
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,MeHNS School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A C Lim
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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29
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Bos FM, von Klipstein L, Emerencia AC, Veermans E, Verhage T, Snippe E, Doornbos B, Hadders-Prins G, Wichers M, Riese H. A Web-Based Application for Personalized Ecological Momentary Assessment in Psychiatric Care: User-Centered Development of the PETRA Application. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e36430. [PMID: 35943762 PMCID: PMC9399881 DOI: 10.2196/36430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone self-monitoring of mood, symptoms, and contextual factors through ecological momentary assessment (EMA) provides insights into the daily lives of people undergoing psychiatric treatment. Therefore, EMA has the potential to improve their care. To integrate EMA into treatment, a clinical tool that helps clients and clinicians create personalized EMA diaries and interpret the gathered data is needed. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop a web-based application for personalized EMA in specialized psychiatric care in close collaboration with all stakeholders (ie, clients, clinicians, researchers, and software developers). METHODS The participants were 52 clients with mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders and 45 clinicians (psychiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatric nurses). We engaged them in interviews, focus groups, and usability sessions to determine the requirements for an EMA web application and repeatedly obtained feedback on iteratively improved high-fidelity EMA web application prototypes. We used human-centered design principles to determine important requirements for the web application and designed high-fidelity prototypes that were continuously re-evaluated and adapted. RESULTS The iterative development process resulted in Personalized Treatment by Real-time Assessment (PETRA), which is a scientifically grounded web application for the integration of personalized EMA in Dutch clinical care. PETRA includes a decision aid to support clients and clinicians with constructing personalized EMA diaries, an EMA diary item repository, an SMS text message-based diary delivery system, and a feedback module for visualizing the gathered EMA data. PETRA is integrated into electronic health record systems to ensure ease of use and sustainable integration in clinical care and adheres to privacy regulations. CONCLUSIONS PETRA was built to fulfill the needs of clients and clinicians for a user-friendly and personalized EMA tool embedded in routine psychiatric care. PETRA is unique in this codevelopment process, its extensive but user-friendly personalization options, its integration into electronic health record systems, its transdiagnostic focus, and its strong scientific foundation in the design of EMA diaries and feedback. The clinical effectiveness of integrating personalized diaries via PETRA into care requires further research. As such, PETRA paves the way for a systematic investigation of the utility of personalized EMA for routine mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionneke M Bos
- Rob Giel Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lino von Klipstein
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ando C Emerencia
- Research Support, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Erwin Veermans
- Rob Giel Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tom Verhage
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Evelien Snippe
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Grietje Hadders-Prins
- Rob Giel Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marieke Wichers
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Rosen M, Betz LT, Montag C, Kannen C, Kambeitz J. Transdiagnostic Psychopathology in a Help-Seeking Population of an Early Recognition Center for Mental Disorders: Protocol for an Experience Sampling Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e35206. [PMID: 35916702 PMCID: PMC9379784 DOI: 10.2196/35206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevention in psychiatry provides a promising way to address the burden of mental illness. However, established approaches focus on specific diagnoses and do not address the heterogeneity and manifold potential outcomes of help-seeking populations that present at early recognition services. Conceptualizing the psychopathology manifested in help-seeking populations from a network perspective of interacting symptoms allows transdiagnostic investigations beyond binary disease categories. Furthermore, modern technologies such as smartphones facilitate the application of the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). OBJECTIVE This study is a combination of ESM with network analyses to provide valid insights beyond the established assessment instruments in a help-seeking population. METHODS We will examine 75 individuals (aged 18-40 years) of the help-seeking population of the Cologne early recognition center. For a maximally naturalistic sample, only minimal exclusion criteria will be applied. We will collect data for 14 days using a mobile app to assess 10 transdiagnostic symptoms (ie, depressive, anxious, and psychotic symptoms) as well as distress level 5 times a day. With these data, we will generate average group-level symptom networks and personalized symptom networks using a 2-step multilevel vector autoregressive model. Additionally, we will explore associations between symptom networks and sociodemographic, risk, and resilience factors, as well as psychosocial functioning. RESULTS The protocol was designed in February 2020 and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Cologne in October 2020. The protocol was reviewed and funded by the Köln Fortune program in September 2020. Data collection began in November 2020 and was completed in November 2021. Of the 258 participants who were screened, 93 (36%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were willing to participate in the study. Of these 93 participants, 86 (92%) completed the study. The first results are expected to be published in 2022. CONCLUSIONS This study will provide insights about the feasibility and utility of the ESM in a help-seeking population of an early recognition center. Providing the first explorative phenotyping of transdiagnostic psychopathology in this population, our study will contribute to the innovation of early recognition in psychiatry. The results will help pave the way for prevention and targeted early intervention in a broader patient group, and thus, enable greater intended effects in alleviating the burden of psychiatric disorders. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/35206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda T Betz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Montag
- Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Monsonet M, Rockwood NJ, Kwapil TR, Barrantes-Vidal N. Psychological Pathways to Paranoia and Psychotic-Like Experiences in Daily-Life: The Mediating Role of Distinct Affective Disturbances. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:1053-1065. [PMID: 35759215 PMCID: PMC9434429 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Influential models of psychosis indicate that the impact of putative causal factors on positive symptoms might be explained partly through affective disturbances. We aimed to investigate whether pathways from stress and self-esteem to positive symptoms, as well as reversal pathways from symptoms to stress and self-esteem, were mediated through specific affective disturbances across the extended psychosis phenotype. STUDY DESIGN Using experience sampling methodology, 178 participants (65 high-schizotypy, 74 at-risk mental state, and 39 first-episode psychosis) were assessed on levels of momentary stress, self-esteem, anxiety, sadness, psychotic-like experiences (PLE), and paranoia. Multilevel mediation models were fit to examine indirect effects of each of these pathways. Considering evidence of mediation, each indirect pathway will be combined in a single model to explore their relative contributions. STUDY RESULTS Anxiety, sadness, and self-esteem mediated the pathways from stress to PLE and paranoia in daily-life. In the pathway to paranoia, sadness, and self-esteem showed larger contributions than anxiety. Pathways from self-esteem to PLE and paranoia were mediated by anxiety and sadness, the later showing a larger contribution. Pathways from symptoms to stress, but not from symptoms to self-esteem, were differently explained by emotional states; sadness lost its mediating effect and anxiety was the most important mediator. Few differences across groups were found. CONCLUSIONS This study lends support to psychological models of psychosis that highlight the relevance of affective disturbances in the risk and expression of psychosis. Furthermore, specific influences of different negative emotional states were identified, which could enhance psychological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Monsonet
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Thomas R Kwapil
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut, Facultat de Psicologia, Edifici B, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain; tel: 34-93-581-38-64, fax: 34-93-581-21-25, e-mail:
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Pedersen SL, Kennedy TM, Holmes J, Molina BS. Momentary associations between stress and alcohol craving in the naturalistic environment: differential associations for Black and White young adults. Addiction 2022; 117:1284-1294. [PMID: 34859912 PMCID: PMC8983429 DOI: 10.1111/add.15740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Black drinkers compared with White drinkers experience more alcohol-related problems. Examination of social determinants of inequities in alcohol problems is needed. The current study measured (1) associations between acute stress and alcohol craving in the naturalistic environment for self-identified Black and White individuals who drink alcohol and (2) whether a history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) moderated these associations. DESIGN AND SETTING Observational study using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to collect data from participants at six semi-random time-points throughout the day during a 10-day period. A series of three-level multi-level models examined between- and within-person associations for stress and alcohol and tested if these associations differed for Black and White adults. PARTICIPANTS Participants were 229 adult drinkers (aged 21-35 years) who completed a larger study examining alcohol response for Black and White adults with and without a history of childhood ADHD. MEASUREMENTS Momentary stress and alcohol craving, ADHD history and socio-demographic characteristics (i.e. racial identity, sex, age, current education level, household income) were assessed. Participants were required to self-identify as either 'African American or Black' or 'European American or White'. FINDINGS Significant racial identity × stress interactions indicated that associations between stress and craving were stronger for Black compared with White adults across the 10-day period (between-person: B = 0.14, P = 0.007), concurrently within a given EMA time-point (within-person: B = 0.04, P = 0.001) and prospectively from time-point to time-point (within-person: B = 0.05, P = 0.001). Results remained while accounting for income × stress interactions. CONCLUSIONS Acute stress appears to be more strongly related to alcohol craving in self-identified Black compared with self-identified White individuals. This provides support for policy changes to eliminate structural inequities that increase stress exposure and the development of just-in-time culturally responsive interventions focused on coping with acute stress for Black individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St. Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Traci M. Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St. Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jordan Holmes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St. Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Brooke S.G. Molina
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St. Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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Mölsä ME, Lax M, Korhonen J, Gumpel TP, Söderberg P. The Experience Sampling Method in Monitoring Social Interactions Among Children and Adolescents in School: A Systematic Literature Review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:844698. [PMID: 35444596 PMCID: PMC9013852 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.844698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The experience sampling method (ESM) is an increasingly popular data collection method to assess interpersonal dynamics in everyday life and emotions contextualized in real-world settings. As primary advantages of ESM sampling strategies include minimization of memory biases, maximization of ecological validity, and hypothesis testing at the between- and within-person levels, ESM is suggested to be appropriate for studying the daily lives of educational actors. However, ESM appears to be underutilized in education research. We, thus, aimed to systematically evaluate the methodological characteristics and quality of published ESM studies of social interactions among children and adolescents in school settings, as well as to explore how much variance in social interaction variables could be attributed to the within-person level. Method Using Academic Search Complete, APA PsycINFO, APA PsycArticles, ProQuest, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library, and SAGE Journals, and in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and pre-defined eligibility criteria, we conducted a systematic literature search of experience sampling studies up to November 2020. To assess methodological quality, we used a modified checklist for reporting of ESM studies. Results Of the originally 2 413 identified studies, a final 52 experience sampling studies were included in the present review. Findings on sample and study design characteristics generally revealed wide variability. Even if high-quality studies were associated with higher scores on the training of participants in using the ESM procedure, and use of incentives, these design strategies did not reveal a statistically significant impact on compliance. The intraclass correlation coefficient was reported in nine studies and on average 58% of the variance in social interaction variables could be attributed to within-person fluctuation between timepoints. Conclusion The current study is the first to systematically review ESM-based studies on social interactions among children and adolescents in the school context. These observations suggest that ESM is a potentially favorable technique for extracting complex social phenomena in real-world settings. We hope that this review will contribute to improving the quality assessment of ESM studies as well as to inform and guide future experience sampling studies, particularly regarding social phenomena with children and adolescents in educational settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina E Mölsä
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Mikael Lax
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Johan Korhonen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Thomas P Gumpel
- School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Patrik Söderberg
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Education and Welfare Studies, Åbo Akademi University, Vaasa, Finland
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Klaassen T, Vork L, Smeets FGM, Troost FJ, Kruimel JW, Leue C, Masclee AAM, Keszthelyi D. The Interplay Between Stress and Fullness in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia and Healthy Controls: An Exploratory Experience Sampling Method Study. Psychosom Med 2022; 84:306-312. [PMID: 34524263 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fullness is a cardinal symptom in functional dyspepsia (FD). The use of real-time symptom assessment might provide more insight into factors, such as daily stress, that can influence fullness. Therefore, this study aimed to use the experience sampling method (a real-time, repeated-measurement method making use of repeated questionnaires available at random moments for a limited amount of time) to assess the association between stress and fullness in patients with FD and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Thirty-five patients with FD (25 female, mean age = 44.7 years) and 34 HCs (24 female, mean age = 44.1 years) completed the experience sampling method (a maximum of 10 random moments per day) for 7 consecutive days. Stress and fullness were rated on an 11-point Numeric Rating Scale. Data between patients with FD and HCs were statistically compared using a Student samples t test and linear mixed-effects models with repeated measures (level 1) nested within participants (level 2). RESULTS Average fullness scores were 2.23 (standard error = 0.37) points higher in patients with FD compared with HCs (p < .001). Average stress scores were 1.37 (standard error = 0.30) points higher in patients with FD compared with HCs (p = .002).In FD, fullness scores increased with 0.14 for every 1-point increase in concurrent stress scores (p = .010). Fullness scores at t = 0 increased with 0.12 for every 1-point increase in stress scores at t = -1 (p = .019). T = 0 stress scores were not associated with change in t = -1 fullness scores. No associations between concurrent symptom scores were found for HCs. CONCLUSIONS Concurrent and preceding stress scores are positively associated with fullness scores in patients with FD, but not in HCs. These findings indicate that increased levels of stress may precede feelings of fullness in patients with FD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04204421.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Klaassen
- From the Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine (Klaassen, Vork, Smeets, Troost, Kruimel, Masclee, Keszthelyi), School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht; Food Innovation and Health, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation (Klaassen, Troost), Maastricht University, Venlo; and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology (Leue), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Boemo T, Socastro A, Blanco I, Martin-Garcia O, Pacheco-Romero AM, Rodríguez-Carvajal R, Sanchez-Lopez A. A Novel Experience Sampling Method Tool Integrating Momentary Assessments of Cognitive Biases: Two Compliance, Usability, and Measurement Reactivity Studies. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e32537. [PMID: 35343900 PMCID: PMC9002591 DOI: 10.2196/32537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experience sampling methods (ESMs) are increasingly being used to study ecological emotion dynamics in daily functioning through repeated assessments taken over several days. However, most of these ESM approaches are only based on self-report assessments, and therefore, studies on the ecological trajectories of their underlying mechanisms are scarce (ie, cognitive biases) and require evaluation through experimental tasks. We developed a novel ESM tool that integrates self-report measures of emotion and emotion regulation with a previously validated app-based cognitive task that allows for the assessment of underlying mechanisms during daily functioning. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to test this new tool and study its usability and the possible factors related to compliance with it in terms of latency and missing responses. Among the compliance predictors, we considered psychological and time-related variables, as well as usability, measurement reactivity, and participants' satisfaction with the tool. METHODS We conducted 2 extensive ESM studies-study 1 (N=84; a total of 3 assessments per day for 5 days) and study 2 (N=135; a total of 3 assessments per day for 10 days). RESULTS In both studies, participants found the tool highly usable (average usability score >81). By using mixed regression models, we found both common and specific results for the compliance predictors. In both study 1 and study 2, latency was significantly predicted by the day (P<.001 and P=.003, respectively). Participants showed slower responses to the notification as the days of the study progressed. In study 2 but not in study 1, latency was further predicted by individual differences in overload with the use of the app, and missing responses were accounted for by individual differences in stress reactivity to notifications (P=.04). Thus, by using a more extensive design, participants who experienced higher overload during the study were characterized by slower responses to notifications (P=.01), whereas those who experienced higher stress reactivity to the notification system were characterized by higher missing responses. CONCLUSIONS The new tool had high levels of usability. Furthermore, the study of compliance is of enormous importance when implementing novel ESM methods, including app-based cognitive tasks. The main predictors of latency and missing responses found across studies, specifically when using extensive ESM protocols (study 2), are methodology-related variables. Future research that integrates cognitive tasks in ESM designs should take these results into consideration by performing accurate estimations of participants' response rates to facilitate the optimal quality of novel eHealth approaches, as in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Blanco
- Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Fett AKJ, Hanssen E, Eemers M, Peters E, Shergill SS. Social isolation and psychosis: an investigation of social interactions and paranoia in daily life. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:119-127. [PMID: 34129115 PMCID: PMC8803722 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation has been suggested to foster paranoia. Here we investigate whether social company (i.e., being alone vs. not) and its nature (i.e., stranger/distant vs. familiar other) affects paranoia differently depending on psychosis risk. Social interactions and paranoid thinking in daily life were investigated in 29 patients with clinically stable non-affective psychotic disorders, 20 first-degree relatives, and 26 controls (n = 75), using the experience sampling method (ESM). ESM was completed up to ten times daily for 1 week. Patients experienced marginally greater paranoia than relatives [b = 0.47, p = 0.08, 95% CI (- 0.06, 1.0)] and significantly greater paranoia than controls [b = 0.55, p = 0.03, 95% CI (0.5, 1.0)], but controls and relatives did not differ [b = 0.07, p = 0.78, 95% CI (- 0.47, 0.61)]. Patients were more often alone [68.5% vs. 44.8% and 56.2%, respectively, p = 0.057] and experienced greater paranoia when alone than when in company [b = 0.11, p = 0.016, 95% CI (0.02, 0.19)]. In relatives this was reversed [b = - 0.17, p < 0.001, 95% CI (- 0.28, - 0.07)] and in controls non-significant [b = - 0.02, p = 0.67, 95% CI (- 0.09, 0.06)]. The time-lagged association between being in social company and subsequent paranoia was non-significant and paranoia did not predict the likelihood of being in social company over time (both p's = 0.68). All groups experienced greater paranoia in company of strangers/distant others than familiar others [X2(2) = 4.56, p = 0.03] and being with familiar others was associated with lower paranoia over time [X2(2) = 4.9, p = 0.03]. Patients are frequently alone. Importantly, social company appears to limit their paranoia, particularly when being with familiar people. The findings stress the importance of interventions that foster social engagement and ties with family and friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin J Fett
- Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, ECIV 0HB, UK.
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1s, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Esther Hanssen
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1s, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlie Eemers
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1s, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuelle Peters
- Department of Psychology, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, UK
| | - Sukhi S Shergill
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, UK
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Fielding-Smith SF, Greenwood KE, Wichers M, Peters E, Hayward M. Associations between responses to voices, distress and appraisals during daily life: an ecological validation of the cognitive behavioural model. Psychol Med 2022; 52:538-547. [PMID: 32646525 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive models propose that behavioural responses to voices maintain distress by preventing disconfirmation of negative beliefs about voices. We used Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM) to examine the hypothesized maintenance role of behavioural responses during daily life. METHOD Thirty-one outpatients with frequent voices completed a smartphone-based ESM questionnaire 10 times a day over 9 days, assessing voice-related distress; resistance and compliance responses to voices; voice characteristics (intensity and negative content); appraisals of voice dominance, uncontrollability and intrusiveness. RESULTS In line with predictions, behavioural responses were associated with voice appraisals (dominance and uncontrollability), but not voice characteristics. Greater resistance and compliance were reported in moments of increased voice distress, but these associations did not persist after controlling for concurrent voice appraisals and characteristics. Voice distress was predicted by appraisals, and, unexpectedly, also by voice characteristics. As predicted, compliance and resistance were related to increases in distress at subsequent timepoints, whilst antecedent voice appraisals and characteristics had no such effect. Compliance, but not resistance, additionally predicted subsequent increases in voice uncontrollability. In both cases, the reverse models showed no association, indicating directional effects of responses on subsequent distress, and of compliance on uncontrollability appraisals. CONCLUSIONS These results provide support for the cognitive model by suggesting that momentary behavioural and emotional responses to voices are associated with concurrent negative voice appraisals. Findings suggest that behavioural responses may be driven by voice appraisals, rather than directly by distress, and may in turn maintain voice appraisals and associated distress during the course of daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn E Greenwood
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Research & Development Department, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Hove, UK
| | - Marieke Wichers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre of Groningen, Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Centre of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emmanuelle Peters
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Monks Orchard Road, Beckenham, Kent, BR3 3BX, UK
| | - Mark Hayward
- School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Research & Development Department, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Hove, UK
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Mead MP, Irish LA. The theory of planned behaviour and sleep opportunity: An ecological momentary assessment. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13420. [PMID: 34137110 PMCID: PMC8674382 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Many American adolescents and adults report that they are not meeting sleep duration recommendations. Although insufficient sleep duration can occur due to factors outside an individual's direct control, many individuals choose to restrict their own sleep. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) offers a framework to study this phenomenon. Recent research efforts have used the TPB to study sleep and have demonstrated success predicting sleep-related intentions and behaviour but have failed to consider volitional sleep behaviour or consider between- and within-person differences. The present study used an intensive longitudinal design to test how constructs of the TPB relate to nightly sleep opportunity. Healthy college students (N = 79) participated in a weeklong study in which they completed four ecological momentary assessment signals per day that measured their attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, and intentions relating to their nocturnal sleep opportunity. Participants wore an actiwatch each night of the study to measure their sleep opportunity. Mixed linear models found that both intentions and perceived behavioural control were significant predictors of subsequent sleep opportunity, and that perceived behaviour control was the strongest within-day predictor of intentions. Results demonstrate that within-person changes in perceived behavioural control and intentions predict subsequent sleep opportunity and provide insight into the potential refinement of sleep promotion efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Mead
- North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States,Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Leah A. Irish
- North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States,Sanford Center for Biobehavioral Research, Fargo, ND, United States
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Bartels SL, van Knippenberg RJM, Viechtbauer W, Simons CJP, Ponds RW, Myin-Germeys I, Verhey FRJ, de Vugt ME. Intervention mechanisms of an experience sampling intervention for spousal carers of people with dementia: a secondary analysis using momentary data. Aging Ment Health 2022; 26:294-304. [PMID: 33291998 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1857692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: A psychosocial intervention for spousal carers of people with dementia promoted emotional well-being through self-monitoring and personalized feedback, as demonstrated in a previous randomized controlled trial. The mechanism behind the intervention effects is thought to lie in increased awareness of, and thus, engagement in behaviours that elicit positive emotions (PA). This secondary analysis tests the assumption by investigating momentary data on activities, affect, and stress and explores the relevance of personalized feedback compared to self-monitoring only.Methods: The intervention was based on the experience sampling method (ESM), meaning that carers self-monitored own affect and behaviours 10 times/day over 6 weeks. The experimental group received personalized feedback on behaviours that elicit PA, while the pseudo-experimental group performed self-monitoring only. A control group was also included. ESM-data of 72 carers was analysed using multilevel mixed-effects models.Results: The experimental group reported significant increases in passive relaxation activities over the 6 weeks (B = 0.28, SE = 0.12, Z = 2.43, p < .05). Passive relaxation in this group was negatively associated with negative affect (r = -0.50, p = .01) and positively associated with activity-related stress (r = 0.52, p = .007) from baseline to post-intervention. Other activities in this or the other groups did not change significantly.Conclusion: Carer's daily behaviours were only affected when self-monitoring was combined with personalized feedback. Changing one's daily behaviour while caring for a person with dementia is challenging and aligned with mixed emotions. Acknowledging simultaneously positive and negative emotions, and feelings of stress is suggested to embrace the complexity of carer's life and provide sustainable support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Laureen Bartels
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalia J M van Knippenberg
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia J P Simons
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,GGzE, Institute of Mental Health Care Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf W Ponds
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frans R J Verhey
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein E de Vugt
- Alzheimer Center Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Søholm U, Broadley M, Zaremba N, Divilly P, Nefs G, Mahmoudi Z, de Galan B, Pedersen-Bjergaard U, Brennan A, Pollard DJ, McCrimmon RJ, A Amiel S, Hendrieckx C, Speight J, Choudhary P, Pouwer F. Investigating the day-to-day impact of hypoglycaemia in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: design and validation protocol of the Hypo-METRICS application. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051651. [PMID: 35105572 PMCID: PMC8808414 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoglycaemia is a frequent adverse event and major barrier for achieving optimal blood glucose levels in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes using insulin. The Hypo-RESOLVE (Hypoglycaemia-Redefining SOLutions for better liVEs) consortium aims to further our understanding of the day-to-day impact of hypoglycaemia. The Hypo-METRICS (Hypoglycaemia-MEasurement, ThResholds and ImpaCtS) application (app) is a novel app for smartphones. This app is developed as part of the Hypo-RESOLVE project, using ecological momentary assessment methods that will minimise recall bias and allow for robust investigation of the day-to-day impact of hypoglycaemia. In this paper, the development and planned psychometric analyses of the app are described. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The three phases of development of the Hypo-METRICS app are: (1) establish a working group-comprising diabetologists, psychologists and people with diabetes-to define the problem and identify relevant areas of daily functioning; (2) develop app items, with user-testing, and implement into the app platform; and (3) plan a large-scale, multicountry study including interviews with users and psychometric validation. The app includes 7 modules (29 unique items) assessing: self-report of hypoglycaemic episodes (during the day and night, respectively), sleep quality, well-being/cognitive function, social interactions, fear of hypoglycaemia/hyperglycaemia and work/productivity. The app is designed for use within three fixed time intervals per day (morning, afternoon and evening). The first version was released mid-2020 for use (in conjunction with continuous glucose monitoring and activity tracking) in the Hypo-METRICS study; an international observational longitudinal study. As part of this study, semistructured user-experience interviews and psychometric analyses will be conducted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Use of the novel Hypo-METRICS app in a multicountry clinical study has received ethical approval in each of the five countries involved (Oxford B Research Ethics Committee, CMO Region Arnhem-Nijmegen, Ethikkommission der Medizinischen Universität Graz, Videnskabsetisk Komite for Region Hovedstaden and the Comite Die Protection Des Personnes SUD Mediterranne IV). The results from the study will be published in peer review journals and presented at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04304963.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uffe Søholm
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, School of Life Course Sciences, London, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Melanie Broadley
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Natalie Zaremba
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, School of Life Course Sciences, London, UK
| | - Patrick Divilly
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, School of Life Course Sciences, London, UK
| | - Giesje Nefs
- Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
- Diabeter, National treatment and research center for children, adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Zeinab Mahmoudi
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, School of Life Course Sciences, London, UK
- Digital Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk A/S, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Bastiaan de Galan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Endocrinology & Nephrology, Endocrine Section, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Hillerød, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alan Brennan
- School of Health & Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Daniel John Pollard
- School of Health & Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rory J McCrimmon
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Stephanie A Amiel
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, School of Life Course Sciences, London, UK
| | - Christel Hendrieckx
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Australia Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Speight
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Australia Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pratik Choudhary
- Department of Diabetes, King's College London, School of Life Course Sciences, London, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, UK LE5 4PW, Leicester, UK
| | - Frans Pouwer
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense (SDCO), Odense, Denmark
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Schwartz EK, Le TP, Cohen AS. Sharing positive events: Ecological momentary assessment of emotion regulation via social capitalization in schizotypy. Psychiatry Res 2022; 308:114377. [PMID: 35021121 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Emotional deficits are prominent in schizophrenia-spectrum psychopathology and linked with poorer outcomes. Schizotypy, an underlying personality organization that putatively confers vulnerability to developing schizophrenia, has been associated with increased negative affect, decreased positive affect, and some difficulty with emotion regulation. This study explored the role of social capitalization, the upregulation of positive emotion when positive life events are shared with others, in schizotypy. Social capitalization is relevant for schizotypy given its association with social functioning and social motivation abnormalities. Using mobile assessment methods, a sample of college students (N=73) completed daily surveys via a mobile application two times per day for seven days and made daily ratings of mood and answered questions regarding any capitalization attempt for a positive event. Results indicated that higher schizotypy and not sharing an event were independently associated with lower happiness and increased sadness and anxiety. When an event was shared, lower schizotypy and supportive/enthusiastic response perception were independently associated with increased happiness. No significant interactions were observed between schizotypy and social capitalization variables. Future research would benefit from exploring the role that other common schizotypy concomitants, e.g., social anxiety or social disconnection, play in social capitalization and the extent this is helped or hindered via mass personal technological mediums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana K Schwartz
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System/University of California, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, Building 13, San Diego, CA 92161, United States; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States.
| | - Thanh P Le
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Alex S Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States; Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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42
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Assessing changes associated in well-being after a psychological intervention for people with paranoid tendencies: An ESM application in clinical practice. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02625-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hanssen E, van Buuren M, Van Atteveldt N, Lemmers-Jansen ILJ, Fett AKJ. Neural, behavioural and real-life correlates of social context sensitivity and social reward learning during interpersonal interactions in the schizophrenia spectrum. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:59-70. [PMID: 34006142 PMCID: PMC8721616 DOI: 10.1177/00048674211010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent findings suggest that diminished processing of positive contextual information about others during interactions may contribute to social impairment in the schizophrenia spectrum. This could be due to general social context processing deficits or specific biases against positive information. We studied the impact of positive and negative social contextual information during social interactions using functional neuroimaging and probed whether these neural mechanisms were associated with real-life social functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHODS Patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder (N = 23) and controls disorder (N = 25) played three multi-round trust games during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning, with no, positive and negative information about the counterpart's trustworthiness, while all counterparts were programmed to behave trustworthy. The main outcome variable was the height of the shared amount in the trust game, i.e. investment, representing an indication of trust. The first investment in the game was considered to be basic trust, since no behavioural feedback was given yet. We performed region-of-interest analyses and examined the association with real-life social functioning using the experience sampling method. RESULTS Social contextual information had no effect on patients' first investments, whereas controls made the lowest investment after negative and the highest investments after positive contextual information was provided. Over trials, patients decreased investments, suggesting reduced social reward learning, whereas controls increased investments in response to behavioural feedback in the negative context. Patients engaged the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex less than controls during context presentation and showed reduced activity within the caudate during repayments. In patients, lower investments were associated with more time spent alone and social exclusion and lower caudate activation was marginally significantly associated with higher perceived social exclusion. CONCLUSION The failure to adapt trust to positive and negative social contexts suggests that patients have a general insensitivity to prior social information, indicating top-down processing impairments. In addition, patients show reduced sensitivity to social reward, i.e. bottom-up processing deficits. Moreover, lower trust and lower neural activation were related to lower real-life social functioning. Together, these findings indicate that improving trust and social interactions in schizophrenia spectrum needs a multi-faceted approach that targets both mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Hanssen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Institute for Brain and Behaviour (IBBA) Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,CSI Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King’s College London, London, UK,Hersencentrum Mental Health Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Esther Hanssen, Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Institute for Brain and Behaviour (IBBA) Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariët van Buuren
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Institute for Brain and Behaviour (IBBA) Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Van Atteveldt
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Institute for Brain and Behaviour (IBBA) Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Imke LJ Lemmers-Jansen
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Institute for Brain and Behaviour (IBBA) Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,CSI Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anne-Kathrin J Fett
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, and Institute for Brain and Behaviour (IBBA) Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,CSI Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King’s College London, London, UK,Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, UK
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Williams AJ, Arcelus J, Townsend E, Michail M. Feasibility and acceptability of experience sampling among LGBTQ+ young people with self-harmful thoughts and behaviours. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:916164. [PMID: 36061288 PMCID: PMC9428709 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.916164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was the first to determine whether it was feasible and acceptable to use experience sampling methods (ESM) among LGBTQ+ young people, who had current experiences of self-harm. Sixteen LGBTQ+ young people (16-25 years old) took part in the experience sampling study. This included a baseline assessment, a 7-day ESM assessment (participants were sampled six times a day using a phone app), and the option of an interview at the end of the 7-day ESM assessment. Feasibility data was descriptively analysed, with pilot ESM data presented. Qualitative data was thematically analysed to determine the acceptability (barriers and facilitators) of taking part in this study. Study feasibility was assessed by enrolment rate (55.2%), participant retention across assessment period (100%), ESM app feasibility (87.5%), and good adherence to total number of ESM surveys (67.6%). Individual study adherence ranged between 43 and 95.2%. Study acceptability was assessed by participant interviews. Thematic analysis indicated four superordinate themes; (i) Self-reflection and awareness; (ii) Practicalities of ESM surveys; (iii) Daily timeframes; and (iv) Suggestions for future studies. Pilot ESM data demonstrates that there was fluctuation of depressive and anxiety symptoms within- and between- participants over the course of the study, however, greater sample power is needed for full analysis. This study demonstrated that ESM designs are feasible and acceptable among LGBTQ+ young people with current experiences of self-harm. Pilot data indicated that specific experiences and moods are likely to be important to self-harm. These potentially have a temporal influence on self-harm behaviour or ideation, and therefore should be examined in a fully powered sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Williams
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Self-Harm Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Informatics, Faculty of Natural, Mathematical and Engineering Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Arcelus
- Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.,Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Townsend
- Self-Harm Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Michail
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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van den Heuvel MI, Bülow A, Heininga VE, de Moor EL, Janssen LHC, Vanden Abeele M, Boekhorst MGBM. Tracking Infant Development With a Smartphone: A Practical Guide to the Experience Sampling Method. Front Psychol 2021; 12:703743. [PMID: 35035365 PMCID: PMC8752460 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.703743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has forced developmental researchers to rethink their traditional research practices. The growing need to study infant development at a distance has shifted our research paradigm to online and digital monitoring of infants and families, using electronic devices, such as smartphones. In this practical guide, we introduce the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) – a research method to collect data, in the moment, on multiple occasions over time – for examining infant development at a distance. ESM is highly suited for assessing dynamic processes of infant development and family dynamics, such as parent-infant interactions and parenting practices. It can also be used to track highly fluctuating family dynamics (e.g., infant and parental mood or behavior) and routines (e.g., activity levels and feeding practices). The aim of the current paper was to provide an overview by explaining what ESM is and for what types of research ESM is best suited. Next, we provide a brief step-by-step guide on how to start and run an ESM study, including preregistration, development of a questionnaire, using wearables and other hardware, planning and design considerations, and examples of possible analysis techniques. Finally, we discuss common pitfalls of ESM research and how to avoid them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion I. van den Heuvel
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Marion I. van den Heuvel,
| | - Anne Bülow
- Department of Psychology Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Vera E. Heininga
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Groningen University, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Quantitative Psychology and Individual Differences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Loes H. C. Janssen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mariek Vanden Abeele
- imec-mict-UGent, Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Myrthe G. B. M. Boekhorst
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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van Barneveld E, Lim A, van Hanegem N, Vork L, Herrewegh A, van Poll M, Manders J, van Osch F, Spaans W, van Koeveringe G, Vrijens D, Kruimel J, Bongers M, Leue C. Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Real-time Symptom Assessment in Women With Endometriosis: Focus Group Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e28782. [PMID: 34870608 PMCID: PMC8686475 DOI: 10.2196/28782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms related to endometriosis have a significant impact on the quality of life, and symptoms often recur. The experience sampling method (ESM), a digital questioning method characterized by randomly repeated momentary assessments, has several advantages over traditionally used measurements, including the ability to assess the temporal relationship between variables such as physical, mental, and social factors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to develop an ESM tool for patients with endometriosis to accurately measure symptoms and their course over time, allowing for personalized treatment and adequate monitoring of treatment efficacy in individual patients. METHODS On the basis of international guidelines, items from validated questionnaires were selected through a literature review and during focus groups and multidisciplinary expert meetings. Data analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH). The feasibility and usability of the newly developed momentary assessment tool were tested for 28 consecutive days in 5 patients with endometriosis-related pain symptoms. RESULTS Momentary assessment items contained questions concerning endometriosis symptoms, general somatic symptoms, psychological symptoms, contextual information, and the use of food and medication. A morning questionnaire on sleep and sexuality was included. In a pilot study, the patients considered the tool easy to use but time consuming. The average compliance rate of momentary assessments was 37.8% (106/280), with the highest completion rate during the first week (39/70, 56%). Therefore, it is advisable to use the ESM for a maximum of 7 days. CONCLUSIONS A new digital tool for endometriosis symptom assessment was developed using the ESM, which may help overcome the limitations of current retrospective questionnaires. After validation and testing, future studies will be planned to evaluate the use of this tool in a clinical setting in order to propose a personalized treatment plan for women with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van Barneveld
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Arianne Lim
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Grow School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nehalennia van Hanegem
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vork
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Herrewegh
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MeHNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Frits van Osch
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Centre, Venlo, Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Spaans
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Grow School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gommert van Koeveringe
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MeHNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Desiree Vrijens
- Department of Urology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MeHNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Joanna Kruimel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marlies Bongers
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Grow School of Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, Netherlands
| | - Carsten Leue
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MeHNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Postma MR, van Amelsvoort T, Myin-Germeys I, Gayer-Anderson C, Kempton MJ, Valmaggia L, McGuire P, Murray RM, Garety P, Wykes T, Morgan C, Reininghaus U. Across the continuum: Associations between (fluctuations in) momentary self-esteem and psychotic experiences. Schizophr Res 2021; 238:188-198. [PMID: 34785480 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low self-esteem has been suggested as a putative mechanism in the development and maintenance of psychosis. Uncertainty still exists about how unstable self-esteem relates to psychotic experiences. The present study examines the potential (temporal) associations between momentary self-esteem, fluctuations in self-esteem, and psychotic experiences in daily life. METHODS Experience sampling data were collected from 46 individuals presenting with an at-risk mental state (ARMS), 51 individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP), and 53 controls, to investigate associations between (fluctuations in) self-esteem and psychotic experiences within and across FEP, ARMS, and controls, using linear mixed models. RESULTS In all three groups we found that lower momentary self-esteem was associated with a greater intensity of psychotic experiences (adj. βFEP = -0.15, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.10, p = 0.000; adj. βARMS = -0.20, 95% CI -0.26 to -0.15, p = 0.000; adj. βcontrols = -0.12, 95% CI -0.17 to -0.07, p = 0.000). Variability in momentary self-esteem was associated with a greater intensity of psychotic experiences only in ARMS (adj. βARMS = 0.08, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.11, p = 0.000) and controls (adj. βcontrols = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.08, p = 0.023). For instability this association held only in controls (adj. βcontrols = 0.03, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.05, p = 0.020). Furthermore, findings may suggest a reciprocal temporal association between self-esteem and psychotic experiences. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that self-esteem may be an important mechanism targetable by ecological momentary interventions to reduce the intensity of psychotic experiences and potentially prevent illness progression at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Rose Postma
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, UK; Social Epidemiology Research Group, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robin M Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philippa Garety
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Til Wykes
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, UK; Social Epidemiology Research Group, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany; ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, UK; Social Epidemiology Research Group, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Feller C, Ilen L, Eliez S, Schneider M. Psychotic experiences in daily-life in adolescents and young adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: An Ecological Momentary Assessment study. Schizophr Res 2021; 238:54-61. [PMID: 34607254 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic condition associated with a markedly increased risk for psychosis. Psychotic experiences are classically evaluated by clinical interviews that give little information about these symptoms' fluctuation in daily-life. The current study aims to investigate these phenomena using the Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), a structured diary technique that collects real-life measures in the everyday-life context, and to examine how these manifestations relate to a gold standard semi-structured assessment of psychotic experiences. Eighty-six individuals with 22q11DS as well as healthy controls (HC) aged 11-27 years were recruited. They completed a 6-day EMA protocol assessing momentary psychotic experiences as well as positive and negative affect. The presence of (attenuated) psychotic symptoms was assessed in 22q11DS participants with the SIPS interview. Participants with 22q11DS reported more intense (p = .005) and more frequent (p = .006) momentary psychotic experiences than HC. Significant associations between negative affect and momentary psychotic experiences were observed in both groups (p = .001). In participants with 22q11DS, more intense (p = <.001) and more frequent (p = <.001) momentary psychotic experiences measured by EMA were associated with the severity of SIPS positive symptoms. Participants with 22q11DS reporting at least attenuated positive symptoms of psychosis on the SIPS had more intense (p = .027) and more frequent (p = .023) momentary psychotic experiences than participants with 22q11DS without psychotic symptoms. This study highlights the validity of EMA to assess psychotic experiences in the context of daily-life and sets correspondence between EMA and the SIPS. Furthermore, it expands our current understanding of the associations between mood and psychotic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Feller
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Ilen
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Lab Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Paetzold I, Hermans KSFM, Schick A, Nelson B, Velthorst E, Schirmbeck F, van Os J, Morgan C, van der Gaag M, de Haan L, Valmaggia L, McGuire P, Kempton M, Myin-Germeys I, Reininghaus U. Momentary Manifestations of Negative Symptoms as Predictors of Clinical Outcomes in People at High Risk for Psychosis: Experience Sampling Study. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e30309. [PMID: 34807831 PMCID: PMC8663470 DOI: 10.2196/30309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative symptoms occur in individuals at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis. Although there is evidence that observer ratings of negative symptoms are associated with level of functioning, the predictive value of subjective experience in daily life for individuals at UHR has not been studied yet. OBJECTIVE This study therefore aims to investigate the predictive value of momentary manifestations of negative symptoms for clinical outcomes in individuals at UHR. METHODS Experience sampling methodology was used to measure momentary manifestations of negative symptoms (blunted affective experience, lack of social drive, anhedonia, and social anhedonia) in the daily lives of 79 individuals at UHR. Clinical outcomes (level of functioning, illness severity, UHR status, and transition status) were assessed at baseline and at 1- and 2-year follow-ups. RESULTS Lack of social drive, operationalized as greater experienced pleasantness of being alone, was associated with poorer functioning at the 2-year follow-up (b=-4.62, P=.01). Higher levels of anhedonia were associated with poorer functioning at the 1-year follow-up (b=5.61, P=.02). Higher levels of social anhedonia were associated with poorer functioning (eg, disability subscale: b=6.36, P=.006) and greater illness severity (b=-0.38, P=.045) at the 1-year follow-up. In exploratory analyses, there was evidence that individuals with greater variability of positive affect (used as a measure of blunted affective experience) experienced a shorter time to remission from UHR status at follow-up (hazard ratio=4.93, P=.005). CONCLUSIONS Targeting negative symptoms in individuals at UHR may help to predict clinical outcomes and may be a promising target for interventions in the early stages of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Paetzold
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karlijn S F M Hermans
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anita Schick
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva Velthorst
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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- See Acknowledgments, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Craig Morgan
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Health Service and Population Research, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, School of Mental Health & Psychological Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark van der Gaag
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Psychosis Research, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Early Psychosis, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Health Service and Population Research, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, School of Mental Health & Psychological Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Hermans KSFM, Myin-Germeys I, Gayer-Anderson C, Kempton MJ, Valmaggia L, McGuire P, Murray RM, Garety P, Wykes T, Morgan C, Kasanova Z, Reininghaus U. Elucidating negative symptoms in the daily life of individuals in the early stages of psychosis. Psychol Med 2021; 51:2599-2609. [PMID: 32438944 PMCID: PMC8579154 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720001154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains poorly understood how negative symptoms are experienced in the daily lives of individuals in the early stages of psychosis. We aimed to investigate whether altered affective experience, anhedonia, social anhedonia, and asociality were more pronounced in individuals with an at-risk mental state for psychosis (ARMS) and individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP) than in controls. METHODS We used the experience sampling methodology (ESM) to assess negative symptoms, as they occurred in the daily life of 51 individuals with FEP and 46 ARMS, compared with 53 controls. RESULTS Multilevel linear regression analyses showed no overall evidence for a blunting of affective experience. There was some evidence for anhedonia in FEP but not in ARMS, as shown by a smaller increase of positive affect (BΔat-risk v. FEP = 0.08, p = 0.006) as the pleasantness of activities increased. Against our expectations, no evidence was found for greater social anhedonia in any group. FEP were more often alone (57%) than ARMS (38%) and controls (35%) but appraisals of the social situation did not point to asociality. CONCLUSIONS Overall, altered affective experience, anhedonia, social anhedonia and asociality seem to play less of a role in the daily life of individuals in the early stages of psychosis than previously assumed. With the experience of affect and pleasure in daily life being largely intact, changing social situations and appraisals thereof should be further investigated to prevent development or deterioration of negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlijn S. F. M. Hermans
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Gayer-Anderson
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew J. Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philippa Garety
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Til Wykes
- Psychology Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Craig Morgan
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zuzana Kasanova
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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