1
|
Amadi M, Visentin S, Tosato F, Fogar P, Giacomini G, Res G, Bonadies L, Zaramella P, Plebani M, Cosmi E, Baraldi E. Neonatal lymphocyte subpopulations analysis and maternal preterm premature rupture of membranes: a pilot study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1688-1698. [PMID: 34087965 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM) causes preterm delivery, and increases maternal T-cell response against the fetus. Fetal inflammatory response prompts maturation of the newborn's immunocompetent cells, and could be associated with unfavorable neonatal outcome. The aims were (1) to examine the effects of pPROM on the newborn's and mother's immune system and (2) to assess the predictive value of immune system changes in neonatal morbidity. METHODS Mother-newborn pairs (18 mothers and 23 newborns) who experienced pPROM and controls (11 mothers and 14 newborns), were enrolled. Maternal and neonatal whole blood samples underwent flow cytometry to measure lymphocyte subpopulations. RESULTS pPROM-newborns had fewer naïve CD4 T-cells, and more memory CD4 T-cells than control newborns. The effect was the same for increasing pPROM latency times before delivery. Gestational age and birth weight influenced maturation of the newborns' lymphocyte subpopulations and white blood cells, notably cytotoxic T-cells, regulatory T-cells, T-helper cells (absolute count), and CD4/CD8 ratio. Among morbidities, fewer naïve CD8 T-cells were found in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (p=0.0009), and more T-helper cells in early onset sepsis (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS pPROM prompts maturation of the newborn's T-cell immune system secondary to antigenic stimulation, which correlates with pPROM latency. Maternal immunity to inflammatory conditions is associated with a decrease in non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Amadi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Visentin
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Tosato
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola Fogar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Giacomini
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Res
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bonadies
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zaramella
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Erich Cosmi
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Δ42PD1-TLR4 Augments γδ-T Cell Activation of the Transitional Memory Subset of CD4 + T Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101620. [PMID: 33089108 PMCID: PMC7567942 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR ligands can contribute to T cell immune responses by indirectly stimulating antigen presentation and cytokines and directly serving as co-stimulatory signals. We have previously reported that the human endogenous surface protein, Δ42PD1, is expressed primarily on (Vγ9)Vδ2 cells and can interact with TLR4. Since Vδ2 cells possess antigen presentation capacity, we sought to further characterize if the Δ42PD1-TLR4 interaction has a role in stimulating T cell responses. In this study, we found that stimulation of Vδ2 cells not only upregulated Δ42PD1 expression but also increased MHC class II molecules necessary for the antigen presentation. In a mixed leukocyte reaction assay, upregulation of Δ42PD1 on Vδ2 cells elevated subsequent T cell proliferation. Furthermore, the interaction between Δ42PD1-TLR4 augments Vδ2 cell stimulation of autologous CMV pp65-or TT-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ responses, which was specifically and significantly reduced by blocking the Δ42PD1-TLR4 interaction. Furthermore, confocal microscopy analysis confirmed the interaction between Δ42PD1+HLA-DR+Vδ2 cells and TLR4+CD4 T cells. Interestingly, the subset of CD4+ T cells expressing TLR4 appears to be PD-1+ CD45RO+CD45RA+ transitional memory T cells and responded to Δ42PD1+HLA-DR+Vδ2 cells. Overall, this study demonstrated an important biological role of Δ42PD1 protein exhibited by Vδ2 antigen-presenting cells in augmenting T cell activation through TLR4, which may serve as an additional co-stimulatory signal. Δ42PD1 is co-expressed with MHC-II on activated Vδ2 cells Δ42PD1+MHC-II+Vδ2 cells interact directly with TLR4+CD4+T cells in 3D imaging TLR4 is highly expressed on the PD-1+CD45RO+CD45RA+CD4+T cell subset Δ42PD1-TLR4 selectively activates this subset of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells
Collapse
|
3
|
Daniels J, Doukas PG, Escala MEM, Ringbloom KG, Shih DJH, Yang J, Tegtmeyer K, Park J, Thomas JJ, Selli ME, Altunbulakli C, Gowthaman R, Mo SH, Jothishankar B, Pease DR, Pro B, Abdulla FR, Shea C, Sahni N, Gru AA, Pierce BG, Louissaint A, Guitart J, Choi J. Cellular origins and genetic landscape of cutaneous gamma delta T cell lymphomas. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1806. [PMID: 32286303 PMCID: PMC7156460 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15572-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cutaneous γδ T cell lymphomas (PCGDTLs) represent a heterogeneous group of uncommon but aggressive cancers. Herein, we perform genome-wide DNA, RNA, and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing on 29 cutaneous γδ lymphomas. We find that PCGDTLs are not uniformly derived from Vδ2 cells. Instead, the cell-of-origin depends on the tissue compartment from which the lymphomas are derived. Lymphomas arising from the outer layer of skin are derived from Vδ1 cells, the predominant γδ cell in the epidermis and dermis. In contrast, panniculitic lymphomas arise from Vδ2 cells, the predominant γδ T cell in the fat. We also show that TCR chain usage is non-random, suggesting common antigens for Vδ1 and Vδ2 lymphomas respectively. In addition, Vδ1 and Vδ2 PCGDTLs harbor similar genomic landscapes with potentially targetable oncogenic mutations in the JAK/STAT, MAPK, MYC, and chromatin modification pathways. Collectively, these findings suggest a paradigm for classifying, staging, and treating these diseases.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigens, CD1d/metabolism
- Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly
- Epitopes/immunology
- Genome, Human
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/pathology
- Models, Biological
- Mutation/genetics
- Phenotype
- Principal Component Analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Skin/pathology
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transcriptome/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Daniels
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter G Doukas
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria E Martinez Escala
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kimberly G Ringbloom
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David J H Shih
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyle Tegtmeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joonhee Park
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jane J Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mehmet E Selli
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Can Altunbulakli
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ragul Gowthaman
- University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Samuel H Mo
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Balaji Jothishankar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David R Pease
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Barbara Pro
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Farah R Abdulla
- Division of Dermatology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Shea
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alejandro A Gru
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brian G Pierce
- University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Abner Louissaint
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Joan Guitart
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liapis K, Tsagarakis NJ, Panitsas F, Taparkou A, Liapis I, Roubakis C, Tsokanas D, Vasileiou P, Grigoriou E, Kakiopoulos G, Psarra K, Farmaki E, Paterakis G. Causes of double-negative T-cell lymphocytosis in children and adults. J Clin Pathol 2019; 73:431-438. [PMID: 31810993 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The causes and diagnosis of 'double-negative' (CD3+CD4-CD8-) T-cell lymphocytosis are not well studied. We aimed to define the causes of double-negative T-cell lymphocytosis in children and adults, and to identify simple clinical and laboratory features that would help to differentiate between the underlying conditions. METHODS We collected clinical and laboratory data on 10 children and 30 adults with significantly increased peripheral-blood double-negative T-cells (>10% of total lymphocytes). We identified conditions associated with double-negative T-lymphocytosis with flow cytometry, peripheral-blood morphology and T-cell receptor-gene rearrangement studies. Patients were assigned to diagnostic categories on the basis of these test results. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The causes of double-negative T-cell lymphocytosis in children were autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) and reactive γ/δ Τ-lymphocytosis. T-cell large granular lymphocyte (T-LGL) leukaemia, reactive γ/δ T-lymphocytosis and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) were the the most common disorders underlying double-negative T-cell lymphocytosis in adults. Less common causes included hypereosinophilic syndrome, peripheral T-cell lymphoma, ALPS and monoclonal, double-negative T-lymphocytosis of uncertain significance. CD5/CD7/Vδ2 expression and absolute double-negative lymphocyte count (<1.8×109/L) were useful discriminators for distinguishing patients with reactive γ/δ T-lymphocytosis from those with γ/δ lymphoproliferative disorders. Differentiating between γ/δ T-LGL and HSTL can be difficult. Expression of CD57 and cellular morphology (pale cytoplasm with distinct granules) would support a diagnosis of γ/δ T-LGL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Liapis
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peripheral General Hospital Athens Giorgos Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos J Tsagarakis
- Department of Immunology, Peripheral General Hospital Athens Giorgos Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| | - Fotis Panitsas
- Department of Haematology, General University Hospital of Larisa, Larissa, Thessaly, Greece
| | - Anna Taparkou
- Paediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Referral Center, First Department of Paediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Liapis
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tsokanas
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Peripheral General Hospital Athens Giorgos Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Vasileiou
- Department of Flow Cytometry, Flowdiagnosis Diagnostic Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Grigoriou
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Evangelismos Athens General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Kakiopoulos
- Department of Pathology, Peripheral General Hospital Athens Giorgos Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Psarra
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Evangelismos Athens General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Farmaki
- Paediatric Immunology and Rheumatology Referral Center, First Department of Paediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Paterakis
- Department of Immunology, Peripheral General Hospital Athens Giorgos Gennimatas, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) is a rare variant of extranodal peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL), associated with aggressive disease course and a relentless track record for lethal outcomes. HSTL presents commonly in young men in their third or fourth decade. Of the known causes, immune dysregulation and immunosuppression are the key players in the pathogenesis of HSTL. Clinical manifestation includes hepatosplenomegaly, fevers, and weakness. Bone marrow involvement or organomegaly can cause cytopenias. Anthracycline-based regimens provide modest responses with most individuals dying within a year of diagnosis. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) can be offered to fit and eligible patients to prolong remissions. Disease relapse post chemotherapy has an aggressive phenotype, with limited salvage options available in the setting of declining performance status. Understanding the disease biology further to identify mechanistic-driven drug discovery could overcome the current limitations of existing therapeutic armamentarium.
Collapse
|
6
|
Petrasca A, Melo AM, Breen EP, Doherty DG. Human Vδ3+ γδ T cells induce maturation and IgM secretion by B cells. Immunol Lett 2018; 196:126-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
7
|
Yabe M, Miranda RN, Medeiros LJ. Hepatosplenic T-cell Lymphoma: a review of clinicopathologic features, pathogenesis, and prognostic factors. Hum Pathol 2018; 74:5-16. [PMID: 29337025 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is a rare and clinically aggressive type of T-cell lymphoma that arises most often in adolescents and young adults. Patients with HSTCL commonly present with B-symptoms and cytopenias, which may suggest a diagnosis of acute leukemia initially. Patients present with extranodal disease involving the spleen, liver and bone marrow; lymphadenopathy is usually absent. The lymphoma cells can show a spectrum of cell sizes and are of T-cell lineage, often negative for CD4 and CD8 and positive for T-cell receptor γδ or, less often, αβ. Recent studies have identified gene mutations in oncogenic pathways that are likely involved in pathogenesis and may be targets for therapy. Mutations in STAT3 or STAT5B lead to activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, and mutations involving SETD2, IN080 and ARID1 are involved in chromatin modification. Currently, there is no consensus standard of care for HSTCL patients, although several studies support a role for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Although patients with HSTCL are best treated in the context of clinical trials, the rarity of these neoplasms likely necessitates a multi-institutional approach. In this review, we focus on the clinicopathologic and genetic characteristics of HSTCL. We also discuss the differential diagnosis and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Yabe
- Hematopathology Service, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Roberto N Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liang D, Nian H, Shao H, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Functional Conversion and Dominance of γδ T Subset in Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1429-1438. [PMID: 28069804 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that activated γδ T cells have a much stronger proinflammatory effect in the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis than their nonactivated counterparts. Our present study explored γδ T cell subsets are functionally distinct in autoimmune pathogenesis and determined the pathogenic contribution of biased Vγ4+ γδ T cell activation in this disease. By systematically comparing two major peripheral γδ T cell subsets, the Vγ1+ and the Vγ4+ cells, we found that the Vγ4+ cells were readily activated in B6 mice during experimental autoimmune uveitis development, whereas Vγ1+ cells remained nonactivated. Cytokines that were abundantly found in the serum of immunized mice activated Vγ4+, but did not activate Vγ1+, cells. The Vγ4+ cells had a strong proinflammatory activity, whereas the Vγ1+ cells remained nonactivated when tested immediately after isolation from immunized mice. However, when the Vγ1+ cells were activated in vitro, they promoted inflammation. Our results demonstrated that activation is a major factor in switching the enhancing and inhibiting effects of both Vγ1+ and Vγ4+ γδ T cell subsets, and that γδ T cell subsets differ greatly in their activation requirements. Whether the enhancing or inhibiting function of γδ T cells is dominant is mainly determined by the proportion of the γδ T cells that are activated versus the proportion not activated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Hong Nian
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China; and
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90033;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Live attenuated viral vaccines are widely used in commercial poultry production, but the development of new effective inactivated/subunit vaccines is needed. Studies of avian antigen-specific T cells are primarily based on analyses ex vivo after activating the cells with recall antigen. There is a particular interest in developing robust high-throughput assays as chicken vaccine trials usually comprise many individuals. In many respects, the avian immune system differs from the mammalian, and T cell assessment protocols must be adjusted accordingly to account for, e.g., differences in leukocyte subsets.The carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) method described in this chapter has been adapted to chicken cells. In this test, cells of interest are stained with CFSE. The succinimidyl ester group covalently binds to cellular amines forming fluorescent conjugates that are retained in the cells even throughout division. This leads to daughter cells containing half the fluorescence of their parents. When lymphocytes are loaded with CFSE prior to ex vivo stimulation with specific antigen, the measurement of serial halving of its fluorescence by flow cytometry identifies the cells responding to the stimulation. This method has been successfully applied to studies of chicken antigen-specific T cells.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhu Y, Wang H, Xu Y, Hu Y, Chen H, Cui L, Zhang J, He W. Human γδ T cells augment antigen presentation in Listeria Monocytogenes infection. Mol Med 2016; 22:737-746. [PMID: 27652377 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2015.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating γδ T cells in healthy individuals rapidly respond to bacterial and viral pathogens. Many studies have demonstrated that γδ T cells are activated and expanded by Listeria monocytogenes (L.monocytogenes), a foodborne bacterial pathogen with high fatality rates. However, the roles of γδ T cells during L.monocytogenes infection are not clear. In the present study, we characterized the morphological characteristics of phagocytosis in γδ T cells after L.monocytogenes infection using transmission electron microscopy. Results show activation markers including HLA-DR and lymph node-homing receptor CCR7 on γδ T cells were upregulated after stimulation via L.monocytogenes. Significant proliferation and differentiation of primary αβ T cells was also observed after co-culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with γδ T cells anteriorly stimulated by L.monocytogenes. L.monocytogenes infection decreased the percentage of γδ T cells in mouse IELs and increased MHC-II expression on the surface of γδ T cells in vivo. Our findings shed light on antigen presentation of γδ T cells during L.monocytogenes infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Huaishan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China.,Child Development and Disease Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China.,Child Development and Disease Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College
| | - Lianxian Cui
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China.,Child Development and Disease Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Wei He
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu H, Li DJ, Jin LP. γδT Cells and Related Diseases. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 75:609-18. [PMID: 26833725 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered 30 years ago, γδT cells remain an enigmatic T-cell subset. Although they account for a small portion of the total human circulating T-cell pool, their associations with other immune cells and their potential regulatory roles in related diseases have been explored but still require further investigation. γδT cells which are MHC-unrestricted innate-like lymphocytes with more unique antigen receptors than αβT cells and B cells are considered to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. They have APC functions and initiate adaptive immunity. Due to their distribution in specific tissues, secretion of Th1-, Th2-, and Th17-type cytokines, and other characteristics, they are involved in a variety of physiology and pathology processes. They are barometers in HIV infection. However, different γδT cell subsets play opposing roles in HBV infections, autoimmune diseases, and several types of tumors. Moreover, decidual γδT cells have protective roles during pregnancies by synthesizing several cytokines. This emerging evidence provides an improved understanding of the immune mechanism of infection, autoimmunity, cancer, and other related disorders and better insights regarding the potential roles of γδT cells in immunological therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Lu
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tyler CJ, Doherty DG, Moser B, Eberl M. Human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells: Innate adaptors of the immune system. Cell Immunol 2015; 296:10-21. [PMID: 25659480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Unconventional T cells are gaining center stage as important effector and regulatory cells that orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses. Human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells are amongst the best understood unconventional T cells, as they are easily accessible in peripheral blood, can readily be expanded and manipulated in vitro, respond to microbial infections in vivo and can be exploited for novel tumor immunotherapies. We here review findings that suggest that Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, and possibly other unconventional human T cells, play an important role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity by promoting the activation and differentiation of various types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and even turning into APCs themselves, and thereby pave the way for antigen-specific effector responses and long-term immunological memory. Although the direct physiological relevance for most of these mechanisms still needs to be demonstrated in vivo, these findings may have implications for novel therapies, diagnostic tests and vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Tyler
- Cardiff Institute of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Derek G Doherty
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Cardiff Institute of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Cardiff Institute of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie H, Chen D, Li L, Yu X, Wu C, Gu H, Tang X, Peng A, Huang J. Immune response of γδT cells in Schistosome japonicum-infected C57BL/6 mouse liver. Parasite Immunol 2015; 36:658-67. [PMID: 25130072 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Systematic evaluation of the role of γδT cells during the Schistosoma japonicum infection has not been reported, despite the fact that γδT cells contribute to many infectious diseases in innate immunity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to observe the properties of γδT cells in the liver of C57BL/6 mice infected by S. japonicum. In this report, using immuno-fluorescent histological analysis, γδT cells were found around hepatic granulomatous. Moreover, the flow cytometry results revealed that the percentage of hepatic γδT cells increased significantly after S. japonicum infection. More interestingly, a subset of CD3(-)γδTCR(+) cells were found and markedly increased after infection. Furthermore, expression of activation markers (CD25 and CD69) and cytokine profiles were detected in these hepatic CD3(+)γδTCR(+) and CD3(-)γδTCR(+) cells. The significantly higher level of CD69, IL-4 and IL-17 were observed in CD3(+)γδTCR(+) cells after infection, suggesting that CD3(+)γδTCR(+) cells instead of CD3(-)γδTCR(+) cells might play a predominant role during the infection. Finally, our results indicated that the expression of NKG2D on CD3(+)γδTCR(+) cells was higher than that on CD3(-)γδTCR(+) cells. Collectively, γδT cells could play an important role in the liver of C57BL/6 mouse during japonicum infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Xie
- Functional Experiment Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khan MWA, Eberl M, Moser B. Potential Use of γδ T Cell-Based Vaccines in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2014; 5:512. [PMID: 25374569 PMCID: PMC4204533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IMMUNOTHERAPY IS A FAST ADVANCING METHODOLOGY INVOLVING ONE OF TWO APPROACHES: (1) compounds targeting immune checkpoints and (2) cellular immunomodulators. The latter approach is still largely experimental and features in vitro generated, live immune effector cells, or antigen-presenting cells. γδ T cells are known for their efficient in vitro tumor killing activities. Consequently, many laboratories worldwide are currently testing the tumor killing function of γδ T cells in clinical trials. Reported benefits are modest; however, these studies have demonstrated that large γδ T-cell infusions were well tolerated. Here, we discuss the potential of using human γδ T cells not as effector cells but as a novel cellular vaccine for treatment of cancer patients. Antigen-presenting γδ T cells do not require to home to tumor tissues but, instead, need to interact with endogenous, tumor-specific αβ T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues. Newly mobilized effector αβ T cells are then thought to overcome the immune blockade by creating proinflammatory conditions fit for effector T-cell homing to and killing of tumor cells. Immunotherapy may include tumor antigen-loaded γδ T cells alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Wajid A Khan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University , Cardiff , UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hlavova K, Stepanova H, Faldyna M. The phenotype and activation status of T and NK cells in porcine colostrum suggest these are central/effector memory cells. Vet J 2014; 202:477-82. [PMID: 25438731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In pigs, the epitheliochorial placenta does not allow transfer of maternally derived antibodies or immune cells to the fetus. Thus, piglets are dependent on intake of colostrum for acquisition of passive immunity during the neonatal period. As well as immunoglobulin G (IgG), cellular components of colostrum, mainly lymphocytes, can enter the systemic circulation and secondary lymphoid organs of the neonate. In order to understand the function and immunological role of these cells, a flow cytometric study was undertaken to characterise the cellular profile and phenotype of T cells and NK cells present in porcine colostrum. The results indicated that the greatest numbers of lymphocytes were found on the first day of lactation. The predominant cell types in colostrum were CD8(+) single positive T cells (53.6%), followed by CD4(+)CD8(+) double positive T cells (21.1%), CD2(+)CD8(+) γδ T cells (15.0%) and NK cells (13.5%). CD4(+) single positive T cells (4.4%) and other γδ T cell subpopulations (1.8% CD2(-)CD8(-) and 0.4% CD2(+)CD8(-)) were present in colostrum at low levels. Although the profile of the T cell subpopulations during the first 3 days of lactation remained constant, the absolute numbers of T and NK cells decreased significantly in the first few hours of lactation. Expression of CCR7, CD11b, CD25, CD45RA and MHC class II was used to assess the activation status of T and NK cells in colostrum. T cell subpopulations expressed markers consistent with an effector memory phenotype, indicating that these were antigen-experienced cells. The phenotype of colostral T and NK cells suggests a role in mucosal immunity and potentially in transfer of passive immunity from sow to piglet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Hlavova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Stepanova
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Faldyna
- Department of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu X, Luo X, Xie H, Chen D, Li L, Wu F, Wu C, Peng A, Huang J. Characteristics of γδ T cells in Schistosoma japonicum-infected mouse mesenteric lymph nodes. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:3393-401. [PMID: 24994455 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are mainly present in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, which play an important role in mucosal immunity. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were infected by Schistosoma japonicum and lymphocytes were isolated from the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) to identify changes in the phenotype and function of γδ T cells using flow cytometry. Our results indicated that the absolute number of γδ T cells from the MLNs of infected mice was significantly higher compared with normal mice (P < 0.05). In addition, the infected γδ T cells expressed a high level of the activated molecule CD69 (P < 0.01) and demonstrated an increasing population of CD4(+) γδ T cells (P < 0.05). MLN γδ T cells secrete interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-9, and IL-17 in response to propylene glycol monomethyl acetate (PMA) plus ionomycin simulation, and the levels of IL-4, IL-9, and IL-17 increased significantly after S. japonicum infection (P < 0.05). Taken together, these findings indicated that S. japonicum infection could induce γδ T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation in the MLN. Moreover, our results indicated that the expression of NKG2D (CD314) was not increased in γδ T cells after infection, suggesting that other mechanisms are involved in activating γδ T cells. Furthermore, higher expression of programmed death-1 (CD279) but not IL-10 was detected in the γδ T cells isolated from infected mice (P < 0.05), suggesting that the function of γδ T cells is inhibited gradually over the course of S. japonicum infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxue Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, 510182, Guangzhou, China,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Calvaruso M, Gulino A, Buffa S, Guarnotta C, Franco G, Cacciatore M, Bonura MG, Franco V, Florena AM. Challenges and new prospects in hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2014; 55:2457-65. [PMID: 24506469 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2014.889821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and dismal prognosis. Hepatosplenic γδ T-cell lymphoma (γδ-HSTL) is a particular form of PTCL that arises from a small subset of γ/δ T-cell receptor-expressing lymphocytes. γδ-HSTL has a rapidly progressive course and poor outcome due also to its refractoriness to conventional chemotherapy regimens. The very low incidence of γδ-HSTL, along with its propensity to mimic different pathological entities, makes this lymphoma a true diagnostic challenge. In this review, we highlight the biological and clinical features of γδ-HSTL that contribute to making this lymphoma a mostly incurable disease. Moreover, we provide a new insight into the crosstalk between HSTL clones and the bone marrow, liver and spleen vascular microenvironment, in which neoplastic cells reside and proliferate. We further discuss γδ-HSTL associated molecules that might be proposed as potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Calvaruso
- Laboratorio di Tecnologie Oncologiche - HSR Giglio, C. da Pietrapollastra-Pisciotto , Cefalù , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sabbione F, Gabelloni ML, Ernst G, Gori MS, Salamone G, Oleastro M, Trevani A, Geffner J, Jancic CC. Neutrophils suppress γδ T-cell function. Eur J Immunol 2013; 44:819-30. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Sabbione
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX) CONICET - Academia Nacional de Medicina; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María L. Gabelloni
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX) CONICET - Academia Nacional de Medicina; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Glenda Ernst
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María S. Gori
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX) CONICET - Academia Nacional de Medicina; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gabriela Salamone
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX) CONICET - Academia Nacional de Medicina; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Matías Oleastro
- Hospital Nacional de Pediatría “Juan P. Garrahan”; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Analía Trevani
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX) CONICET - Academia Nacional de Medicina; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Jorge Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Carolina C. Jancic
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX) CONICET - Academia Nacional de Medicina; Buenos Aires Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li W, Okuda A, Yamamoto H, Yamanishi K, Terada N, Yamanishi H, Tanaka Y, Okamura H. Regulation of development of CD56 bright CD11c + NK-like cells with helper function by IL-18. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82586. [PMID: 24376549 PMCID: PMC3869690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human γδ T cells augment host defense against tumors and infections, and might have a therapeutic potential in immunotherapy. However, mechanism of γδ T cell proliferation is unclear, and therefore it is difficult to prepare sufficient numbers of γδ T cells for clinical immunotherapy. Recently, natural killer (NK)-like CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells were shown to promote the proliferation of γδ T cells in an IL-18-dependent manner. In this study, we demonstrated that the NK-like CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells could directly interact with γδ T cells to promote their sustained expansion, while conventional dendritic cells (DCs), IFN-α-induced DCs, plasmacytoid DCs or monocytes did not. We also examined the cellular mechanism underlying the regulation of CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells. CD14(+) monocytes pre-incubated with IL-2/IL-18 formed intensive interactions with CD56(int)CD11c(+) cells to promote their differentiation to CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells with helper function. The development of CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells was suppressed in an IFN-α dependent manner. These results indicate that CD14(+) monocytes pretreated with IL-2/IL-18, but neither DCs nor monocytes, play a determining role on the development and proliferation of CD56(bright)CD11c(+) cells, which in turn modulate the expansion of γδ T cells. CD56(bright)CD11c(+) NK-like cells may be a novel target for immunotherapy utilizing γδ T cells, by overcoming the limitation of γδ T cells proliferation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adult
- CD11c Antigen/metabolism
- CD56 Antigen/metabolism
- Cell Communication/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-alpha/pharmacology
- Interleukin-18/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lipopolysaccharide Receptors/metabolism
- Models, Immunological
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Phenotype
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akico Okuda
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamanishi
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Terada
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yamanishi
- Hirakata General Hospital for Developmental Disorders, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruki Okamura
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Cell Therapy, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Paul S, Singh AK, Shilpi, Lal G. Phenotypic and functional plasticity of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells in inflammation and tolerance. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 33:537-58. [PMID: 24354324 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.863306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-delta T cells (γδ T cells) are an unique group of lymphocytes and play an important role in bridging the gap between innate and adaptive immune systems under homeostatic condition as well as during infection and inflammation. They are predominantly localized into the mucosal and epithelial sites, but also exist in other peripheral tissues and secondary lymphoid organs. γδ T cells can produce cytokines and chemokines to regulate the migration of other immune cells, can bring about lysis of infected or stressed cells by secreting granzymes, provide help to B cells and induce IgE production, can present antigen to conventional T cells, activate antigen presenting cells (APC) maturation, and are also known to produce growth factors that regulate the stromal cell function. γδ T cells spontaneously produce IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokines compared to delayed differentiation of Th1 and Th17 cells. In this review, we discussed the current knowledge about the mechanism of γδ T cell function including its mode of antigen recognition, and differentiation into various subsets of γδ T cells. We also explored how γδ T cells interact with different types of innate and adaptive immune cells, and how these interactions shape the immune response highlighting the plasticity and role of these cells-protective or pathogenic under inflammatory and tolerogenic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dokouhaki P, Schuh NW, Joe B, Allen CAD, Der SD, Tsao MS, Zhang L. NKG2D regulates production of soluble TRAIL by ex vivo expanded human γδ T cells. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:3175-82. [PMID: 24019170 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201243150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Soluble TRAIL (sTRAIL) can be produced by myeloid-derived cells to kill cancer cells. Whether this mechanism is used by T cells, and if so, how sTRAIL production is regulated, remains unclear. Our previous studies showed that ex vivo expanded human γδ T cells express TRAIL and NK receptor group 2 (R2), member D (NKG2D), and possess potent anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated in greater detail the mechanisms by which γδ T cells utilize TRAIL and NKG2D to kill lung cancer cells. We demonstrate that human lung cancer cells express TRAIL R2 and NKG2D ligands. Blocking TRAIL or NKG2D during γδ T-cell-lung cancer cell co-cultures significantly reduced γδ T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Cross-linking NKG2D with anti-NKG2D antibody to mimic ligand binding promoted γδ T cells to produce sTRAIL, which induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells through TRAIL R2. Either neutralizing sTRAIL or blocking lung cancer cell TRAIL R2 significantly reduced γδ T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity to lung cancer cells. This study demonstrates that γδ T cells can mediate anticancer immunity via NKG2D-regulated production of sTRAIL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pouneh Dokouhaki
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Idrees ASM, Sugie T, Inoue C, Murata-Hirai K, Okamura H, Morita CT, Minato N, Toi M, Tanaka Y. Comparison of γδ T cell responses and farnesyl diphosphate synthase inhibition in tumor cells pretreated with zoledronic acid. Cancer Sci 2013; 104:536-42. [PMID: 23387443 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposing human tumor cells to nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, such as zoledronic acid (Zol), greatly increases their susceptibility to killing by γδ T cells. Based on this finding and other studies, cancer immunotherapy using γδ T cells and nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates has been studied in pilot clinical trials and has shown benefits. Although Zol treatment can render a wide variety of human tumor cells susceptible to γδ T cell killing, there has not been a systematic investigation to determine which types of tumor cells are the most susceptible to γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In this study, we determined the Zol concentrations required to stimulate half maximal tumor necrosis factor-α production by γδ T cells cultured with various tumor cell lines pretreated with Zol and compared these concentrations with those required for half maximal inhibition of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS) in the same tumor cell lines. The inhibition of tumor cell growth by Zol was also assessed. We found that FPPS inhibition strongly correlated with γδ T cell activation, confirming that the mechanism underlying γδ T cell activation by Zol is isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) accumulation due to FPPS blockade. In addition, we showed that γδ T-cell receptor-mediated signaling correlated with γδ T cell tumor necrosis factor-α production and cytotoxicity. Some lymphoma, myeloid leukemia, and mammary carcinoma cell lines were relatively resistant to Zol treatment, suggesting that assessing tumor sensitivity to Zol may help select those patients most likely to benefit from immunotherapy with γδ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atif S M Idrees
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Endly DC, Weenig RH, Peters MS, Viswanatha DS, Comfere NI. Indolent course of cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma. J Cutan Pathol 2013; 40:896-902. [PMID: 23379625 DOI: 10.1111/cup.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma (γδTCL) is a rare malignancy that typically displays an aggressive clinical course. We present an unusual case of a 57-year-old woman with a 3-year history of lower extremity nodules. Histopathologic, immunophenotypic and molecular genetic studies revealed a clonal, predominantly pannicular gamma-delta T-cell infiltrate, leading to a diagnosis of cutaneous γδTCL. The clinical course was characterized by rapid improvement within months of starting systemic corticosteroids, with relapse in ulcerations but no new lesions more than 3 years after onset of disease. Our case and seven previously reported patients with indolent and relatively localized cutaneous γδTCL provide evidence that not all cases of this entity carry a poor prognosis. This indolent subset adds complexity to treatment of cutaneous γδTCL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawnielle C Endly
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zoledronic acid-induced expansion of γδ T cells from early-stage breast cancer patients: effect of IL-18 on helper NK cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 62:677-87. [PMID: 23151944 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human γδ T cells display potent cytotoxicity against various tumor cells pretreated with zoledronic acid (Zol). Zol has shown benefits when added to adjuvant endocrine therapy for patients with early-stage breast cancer or to standard chemotherapy for patients with multiple myeloma. Although γδ T cells may contribute to this additive effect, the responsiveness of γδ T cells from early-stage breast cancer patients has not been fully investigated. In this study, we determined the number, frequency, and responsiveness of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from early- and late-stage breast cancer patients and examined the effect of IL-18 on their ex vivo expansion. The responsiveness of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells from patients with low frequencies of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells was significantly diminished. IL-18, however, enhanced ex vivo proliferative responses of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells and helper NK cells from patients with either low or high frequencies of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells. Treatment of breast cancer patients with Zol alone decreased the number of Vγ2Vδ2 T cells and reduced their ex vivo responsiveness. These results demonstrate that Zol can elicit immunological responses by γδ T cells from early-stage breast cancer patients, but that frequent in vivo treatment reduces Vγ2Vδ2 T cell numbers and their responsiveness to stimulation.
Collapse
|
25
|
Braza MS, Klein B. Anti-tumour immunotherapy with Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes: from the bench to the bedside. Br J Haematol 2012; 160:123-32. [PMID: 23061882 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Gamma delta (γδ) Τ cells are non-conventional T lymphocyte effectors that can interact with and eradicate tumour cells. Several data demonstrate that these T cells, which are implicated in the first line of defence against pathogens, have anti-tumour activity against many cancers and suggest that γδ Τ cell-mediated immunotherapy is feasible and might induce objective tumour responses. Due to the importance of γδ Τ lymphocytes in the induction and control of immunity, a complete understanding of their biology is crucial for the development of a potent cancer immunotherapy. This review discusses recent advances in γδ Τ basic research and data from clinical trials on the use of γδ Τ cells in the treatment of different cancers. It analyses how this knowledge might be applied to develop new strategies for the clinical manipulation and the potentiation of γδ Τ lymphocyte activity in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
26
|
Plattner BL, Huffman EL, Hostetter JM. Gamma-delta T-cell responses during subcutaneous Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis challenge in sensitized or naive calves using matrix biopolymers. Vet Pathol 2012; 50:630-7. [PMID: 23051915 DOI: 10.1177/0300985812463404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a model to explore the early immune response against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) infection in the bovine calf using subcutaneously placed liquid gel matrix biopolymer (matrigel) containing live Map. Matrigel rapidly polymerizes in vivo, retains recruited cellular infiltrates and soluble immune mediators, and can be rapidly removed 48 hours later and depolymerized for analysis. In this study, we examined early host immune events at matrigel/Map sites; recruited cells were evaluated by histopathology and flow cytometry, and cytokines were measured by flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Luminex bead immunoassay. Our results demonstrate earlier recruitment of gamma-delta (γδ) T cells to matrigel/Map challenge sites compared to CD4+ T cells. We also show that significantly more γδ T cells were recruited to matrigel/Map sites postinfection day 7 compared to postinfection day 30 and that these cells produced significant amounts of the cytokine interferon gamma. We also provide evidence that peripheral blood-derived γδ T-cell subsets in cattle differentially generate interferon gamma, suggesting distinct roles for these cells. These data provide unique insight into initial antimycobacterial host cellular immune responses following Map infection in calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B L Plattner
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Protective function of an unconventional γδ T cell subset against malaria infection in apoptosis inhibitor deficient mice. Cell Immunol 2012; 279:151-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
28
|
Manohar M, Hirsh MI, Chen Y, Woehrle T, Karande AA, Junger WG. ATP release and autocrine signaling through P2X4 receptors regulate γδ T cell activation. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 92:787-94. [PMID: 22753954 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0312121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays a key role in a variety of physiological functions, including regulation of immune responses. Conventional αβ T cells release ATP upon TCR cross-linking; ATP binds to purinergic receptors expressed by these cells and triggers T cell activation in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Here, we studied whether similar purinergic signaling pathways also operate in the "unconventional" γδ T lymphocytes. We observed that γδ T cells purified from peripheral human blood rapidly release ATP upon in vitro stimulation with anti-CD3/CD28-coated beads or IPP. Pretreatment of γδ T cells with (10)panx-1, CBX, or Bf A reversed the stimulation-induced increase in extracellular ATP concentration, indicating that panx-1, connexin hemichannels, and vesicular exocytosis contribute to the controlled release of cellular ATP. Blockade of ATP release with (10)panx-1 inhibited Ca(2+) signaling in response to TCR stimulation. qPCR revealed that γδ T cells predominantly express purinergic receptor subtypes A2a, P2X1, P2X4, P2X7, and P2Y11. We found that pharmacological inhibition of P2X4 receptors with TNP-ATP inhibited transcriptional up-regulation of TNF-α and IFN-γ in γδ T cells stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28-coated beads or IPP. Our data thus indicate that purinergic signaling via P2X4 receptors plays an important role in orchestrating the functional response of circulating human γδ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monali Manohar
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Antigen-presenting effects of effector memory Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Mol Immunol 2011; 9:245-54. [PMID: 22139198 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2011.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that primarily affects the limbs, but the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. γδ T cells, a T-cell subpopulation, are characterized by multiple biological functions and associated with a variety of diseases. This study investigated the antigen-presenting effects of γδ T cells and their relationship with rheumatoid arthritis development. We found that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells (the predominant subtype of γδ T cells in peripheral blood) were activated by isopentenyl pyrophosphate to continuously proliferate and differentiate into effector memory cells. The effector memory Vγ9Vδ2 T cells exhibited phenotypic characteristics of specific antigen-presenting cells, including high HLA-DR and CD80/86 expression. These Vγ9Vδ2 T cells could present soluble antigens and synthetic peptides to CD4(+) T cells. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with different phenotypes showed different cytokine secretion patterns. Effector memory Vγ9Vδ2 T cells simultaneously secreted not only interferon (IFN)-γ but also IL-17. The peripheral blood and joint synovial fluid from RA patients contained numerous heterogeneous γδ T cells that were predominantly effector memory Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with the ability to secrete inflammatory factors. We also found that γδ T cells had a similar antigen-presenting capability to B cells. These results suggest that during the development of rheumatoid arthritis, γδ T cells can aggravate immune dysfunction and produce abnormal immune damage by secreting cytokines and inducing inflammatory cells to participate in synergistic inflammatory responses. Furthermore, γδ T cells can behave similarly to B cells to present viral peptides and autoantigen peptides to CD4(+) T cells, thus sustaining CD4(+) T-cell activation.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yurchenko E, Levings MK, Piccirillo CA. CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells suppress γδ T-cell effector functions in a model of T-cell-induced mucosal inflammation. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:3455-66. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
31
|
Control of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic cycle: γδ T cells target the red blood cell-invasive merozoites. Blood 2011; 118:6952-62. [PMID: 22045985 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-08-376111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic parasite density is essential for protection against malaria, because it prevents pathogenesis and progression toward severe disease. P falciparum blood-stage parasite cultures are inhibited by human Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we show that both intraerythrocytic parasites and the extracellular red blood cell-invasive merozoites specifically activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in a γδ T cell receptor-dependent manner and trigger their degranulation. In contrast, the γδ T cell-mediated antiparasitic activity only targets the extracellular merozoites. Using perforin-deficient and granulysin-silenced T-cell lines, we demonstrate that granulysin is essential for the in vitro antiplasmodial process, whereas perforin is dispensable. Patients infected with P falciparum exhibited elevated granulysin plasma levels associated with high levels of granulysin-expressing Vδ2(+) T cells endowed with parasite-specific degranulation capacity. This indicates in vivo activation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells along with granulysin triggering and discharge during primary acute falciparum malaria. Altogether, this work identifies Vγ9Vδ2 T cells as unconventional immune effectors targeting the red blood cell-invasive extracellular P falciparum merozoites and opens novel perspectives for immune interventions harnessing the antiparasitic activity of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to control parasite density in malaria patients.
Collapse
|
32
|
Davey MS, Lin CY, Roberts GW, Heuston S, Brown AC, Chess JA, Toleman MA, Gahan CGM, Hill C, Parish T, Williams JD, Davies SJ, Johnson DW, Topley N, Moser B, Eberl M. Human neutrophil clearance of bacterial pathogens triggers anti-microbial γδ T cell responses in early infection. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002040. [PMID: 21589907 PMCID: PMC3093373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human blood Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, monocytes and neutrophils share a responsiveness toward inflammatory chemokines and are rapidly recruited to sites of infection. Studying their interaction in vitro and relating these findings to in vivo observations in patients may therefore provide crucial insight into inflammatory events. Our present data demonstrate that Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells provide potent survival signals resulting in neutrophil activation and the release of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8 (IL-8). In turn, Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells readily respond to neutrophils harboring phagocytosed bacteria, as evidenced by expression of CD69, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. This response is dependent on the ability of these bacteria to produce the microbial metabolite (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP), requires cell-cell contact of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells with accessory monocytes through lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), and results in a TNF-α dependent proliferation of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells. The antibiotic fosmidomycin, which targets the HMB-PP biosynthesis pathway, not only has a direct antibacterial effect on most HMB-PP producing bacteria but also possesses rapid anti-inflammatory properties by inhibiting γδ T cell responses in vitro. Patients with acute peritoneal-dialysis (PD)-associated bacterial peritonitis – characterized by an excessive influx of neutrophils and monocytes into the peritoneal cavity – show a selective activation of local Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells by HMB-PP producing but not by HMB-PP deficient bacterial pathogens. The γδ T cell-driven perpetuation of inflammatory responses during acute peritonitis is associated with elevated peritoneal levels of γδ T cells and TNF-α and detrimental clinical outcomes in infections caused by HMB-PP positive microorganisms. Taken together, our findings indicate a direct link between invading pathogens, neutrophils, monocytes and microbe-responsive γδ T cells in early infection and suggest novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The immune system of all jawed vertebrates harbors three distinct lymphocyte populations – αβ T cells, γδ T cells and B cells – yet only higher primates including humans possess so-called Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells, an enigmatic γδ T cell subset that uniformly responds to the majority of bacterial pathogens. For reasons that are not understood, this responsiveness is absent in all other animals although they too are constantly exposed to a plethora of potentially harmful micro-organisms. We here investigated how Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells respond to live microbes by mimicking physiological conditions in acute disease. Our experiments demonstrate that Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells recognize a small common molecule released when invading bacteria become ingested and killed by other white blood cells. The stimulation of Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells at the site of infection amplifies the inflammatory response and has important consequences for pathogen clearance and the development of microbe-specific immunity. However, if triggered at the wrong time or the wrong place, this rapid reaction toward bacteria may also lead to inflammation-related damage. These findings improve our insight into the complex cellular interactions in early infection, identify novel biomarkers of diagnostic and predictive value and highlight new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin S. Davey
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Chan-Yu Lin
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gareth W. Roberts
- Institute of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sinéad Heuston
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Amanda C. Brown
- Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Chess
- Department of Nephrology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Toleman
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Cormac G. M. Gahan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre and Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tanya Parish
- Centre for Immunology and Infectious Disease, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Williams
- Institute of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J. Davies
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of North Staffordshire, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Johnson
- Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australia and New Zealand Dialysis Transplant Registry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nicholas Topley
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Moser
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Eberl
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Preferential Th1 cytokine profile of phosphoantigen-stimulated human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Mediators Inflamm 2011; 2010:704941. [PMID: 21403900 PMCID: PMC3043297 DOI: 10.1155/2010/704941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells recognise pyrophosphate-based antigens (phosphoantigens) and have multiple functions in innate and adaptive immunity, including a unique ability to activate other cells of the immune system. We used flow cytometry and ELISA to define the early cytokine profiles of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells stimulated in vitro with isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2 enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP) in the absence and presence of IL-2 and IL-15. We show that fresh Vγ9Vδ2 T cells produce interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) within 4 hours of stimulation with phosphoantigen, but neither IL-10, IL-13, nor IL-17 was detectable up to 72 hours under these
conditions. Cytokine production was not influenced by expression or lack, thereof, of CD4 or CD8. Addition of IL-2 or IL-15 caused expansion of IFN-γ-producing Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, but did not enhance IFN-γ secretion after 24–72 hours. Thus, phosphoantigen-stimulated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells have potential as Th1-biasing adjuvants for immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
34
|
Tsuda J, Li W, Yamanishi H, Yamamoto H, Okuda A, Kubo S, Ma Z, Terada N, Tanaka Y, Okamura H. Involvement of CD56brightCD11c+ Cells in IL-18–Mediated Expansion of Human γδ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:2003-12. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Abstract
Zoledronate (Zol) has recently been shown to expand gammadelta T cells that play important roles in host defenses against infection and tumors. In this study, we examined effects of interleukin-18 (IL-18) on expansion of gammadelta T cells in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated by Zol and IL-2. The expansion of gammadelta T cells stimulated by Zol and IL-2 was strongly promoted by exogenous IL-18, and to the contrary, inhibited by neutralizing anti-IL-18 receptor antibody. The gammadelta T cells that expanded in the presence of Zol, IL-2, and IL-18 exhibited the phenotype of effector memory cells characterized by CD44 (+), CD27 (-), and CD45RA (-). In addition, they expressed NKG2D, perforin, CD94, CD25, and CD122, and 15% to 40% of them were positive for CD56. Incubation of gammadelta T cells in the presence with IL-18 produced GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha at much higher levels than those incubated without IL-18. They showed strong cytotoxicity against tumor cells including mesothelioma cells and inhibited growth of xenograft of mesothelioma in mice. These observations indicate that IL-18 can efficiently promote expansion of gammadelta T cells with potent antitumor activity.
Collapse
|
37
|
Dunne MR, Madrigal-Estebas L, Tobin LM, Doherty DG. (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2 enyl pyrophosphate-stimulated Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells possess T helper type 1-promoting adjuvant activity for human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1109-20. [PMID: 20306041 PMCID: PMC11030662 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells respond to pyrophosphate antigens and display potent antitumour activity in vitro. We have investigated the potential of the most potent phosphoantigen known to activate Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells, (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2 enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP), as an adjuvant for dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines. A single stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with HMB-PP and IL-2 was sufficient to generate lines of effector memory Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells that retained their cytolytic and cytokine secretion activities. These cells induced differentiation of DC into semi-mature antigen-presenting cells expressing CD86, CD11c, CD54, HLA-DR, CD83 and CD40, which secreted low levels of bioactive IL-12 but no IL-10. Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells also strongly costimulated IL-12 release but inhibited IL-10 production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated DC. When substituted for Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells, IFN-gamma did not induce full DC maturation but it augmented IL-12 and inhibited IL-10 release by LPS-stimulated DC, in a manner similar to HMB-PP-activated Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells. Our findings indicate that Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells, stimulated with nanomolar concentrations of HMB-PP, strongly promote T helper type 1 (Th1) responses through their ability to induce DC maturation and IL-12 secretion. This adjuvant activity may prove useful in DC-based cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R. Dunne
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Institute of Immunology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | | | - Laura M. Tobin
- Institute of Immunology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Derek G. Doherty
- Department of Immunology and Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
- Institute of Immunology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gomez-Lopez N, Guilbert LJ, Olson DM. Invasion of the leukocytes into the fetal-maternal interface during pregnancy. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 88:625-33. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1209796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
39
|
Anane LH, Edwards KM, Burns VE, Zanten JJCSVV, Drayson MT, Bosch JA. Phenotypic characterization of gammadelta T cells mobilized in response to acute psychological stress. Brain Behav Immun 2010; 24:608-14. [PMID: 20060888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma-delta (gammadelta) T lymphocytes are versatile cells that play key roles in bacterial clearance, wound repair, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Recently we showed that these cells are mobilized into the blood during acute psychological stress. gammadelta T lymphocytes are a heterogeneous population of cells, and the current study aimed to characterize the effects of stress on distinct gammadelta T cell populations. Twenty-nine healthy participants completed a 12min speech task. Blood samples were taken after a resting baseline, during the last two minutes of the task, and after a 15min recovery period. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the response of memory phenotypes (i.e. Naïve, Central memory, Effector Memory, and CD45RA(+) Effector Memory (EMRA)) within the delta1 and delta2 gammadelta T cell populations. Cells were further analysed on expression of adhesion molecules (CD11a, CD62L) and the NK-receptor CD94. Both the delta1 and delta2 subsets were mobilized during stress, and for both subsets, EMRA cells were mobilized to a much greater extent than the other memory phenotypes. Analysis of migration markers revealed that mobilized cells had a predominantly tissue migrating phenotype (CD11a(hi)CD62L(lo/neg)) and expressed high levels of the NK-receptor CD94. The current findings indicate that stress primarily mobilizes gammadelta memory cells that have high cytotoxic capability, tissue homing potential, and the capacity for rapid, innate-like target recognition. This selective mobilization possibly provides protection in contexts when tissue damage and antigen exposure are more likely to occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila H Anane
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Prolonged antigen survival and cytosolic export in cross-presenting human gammadelta T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:8730-5. [PMID: 20413723 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1002769107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human blood Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells respond to signals from microbes and tumors and subsequently differentiate into professional antigen-presenting cells (gammadelta T-APCs) for induction of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses. gammadelta T-APCs readily take up and degrade exogenous soluble protein for peptide loading on MHC I, in a process termed antigen cross-presentation. The mechanisms underlying antigen cross-presentation are ill-defined, most notably in human dendritic cells (DCs), and no study has addressed this process in gammadelta T-APCs. Here we show that intracellular protein degradation and endosomal acidification were significantly delayed in gammadelta T-APCs compared with human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). Such conditions are known to favor antigen cross-presentation. In both gammadelta T-APCs and moDCs, internalized antigen was transported across insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP)-positive early and late endosomes; however, and in contrast to various human DC subsets, gammadelta T-APCs efficiently translocated soluble antigen into the cytosol for processing via the cytosolic proteasome-dependent cross-presentation pathway. Of note, gammadelta T-APCs cross-presented influenza antigen derived from virus-infected cells and from free virus particles. The robust cross-presentation capability appears to be a hallmark of gammadelta T-APCs and underscores their potential application in cellular immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
41
|
Nian H, Shao H, Zhang G, Born WK, O'Brien RL, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Regulatory effect of gammadelta T cells on IL-17+ uveitogenic T cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:4661-7. [PMID: 20375337 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.09-5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the regulatory effect of gammadelta T cells in the activation of IL-17+ uveitogenic T cells. METHODS The authors administered the gammadelta TCR-specific antibody GL3 to B6 mice before or after antigen immunization and examined Th1- or Th17-polarized T-cell responses. The intensity of Th17 responses was also examined in responder T cells containing varying numbers of gammadelta T cells. RESULTS GL3 treatment resulted in varying degrees of depletion of circulating gammadelta T cells, depending on when the antibody was administered. The intensity of the alphabetaTCR+IL-17+, but not the alphabetaTCR+IFN-gamma+, IRBP-specific T-cell responses was correlated to the percentage of gammadelta T cells in the responder T cells. Kinetic studies showed that early IL-17+ T cells were primarily gammadelta T cells, with a later gradual shift to alphabeta T cells. A close association was seen between the intensity of the IL-17+ autoreactive T-cell response and the percentage of gammadelta T cells in the responder T cells. Although a modest increase in gammadelta T cells among the responder T cells promoted the expansion of IL-17+ alphabetaTCR+ T cells, a higher proportion of gammadelta T cells inhibited it. CONCLUSIONS gammadelta T cells are actively involved in the generation of alphabetaTCR+IL-17+ T cells. The number of gammadelta T cells and the alphabeta/gammadelta T-cell ratio in the responder T cells regulate the intensity of the Th17-type autoreactive T-cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Nian
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wohler JE, Smith SS, Barnum SR. gammadelta T cells: the overlooked T-cell subset in demyelinating disease. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:1-6. [PMID: 19610090 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
gammadelta T cells represent a small subpopulation of T cells expressing a restricted repertoire of T-cell receptors and, unlike alphabeta T cells, function more as cells of the innate immune system. These cells are found in skin and mucosal sites as well as secondary lymphoid tissues and frequently act as first line of defense sentinels. gammadelta T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of demyelinating disease, although little was known regarding their trafficking and effector functions. In this Mini-Review, we highlight recent studies demonstrating that gammadelta T cells migrate rapidly to the CNS during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for multiple sclerosis. gammadelta T-cell trafficking to the CNS is independent of beta(2)-integrins and occurs well before onset of clinical signs of disease, peaking early during the acute phase of disease. gammadelta T-cell-mediated production of inflammatory cytokines, including interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, appears critical for EAE development, suggesting that these cells may set the stage for activation of other subsets of infiltrating effector cells. These data suggest that gammadelta T cells or subsets of gammadelta T cells may represent a new therapeutic target in demeylinating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jillian E Wohler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wu Y, Wu W, Wong WM, Ward E, Thrasher AJ, Goldblatt D, Osman M, Digard P, Canaday DH, Gustafsson K. Human gamma delta T cells: a lymphoid lineage cell capable of professional phagocytosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:5622-9. [PMID: 19843947 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Professional phagocytosis in mammals is considered to be performed exclusively by myeloid cell types. In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, that a mammalian lymphocyte subset can operate as a professional phagocyte. By using confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and functional Ag presentation assays, we find that freshly isolated human peripheral blood gammadelta T cells can phagocytose Escherichia coli and 1 microm synthetic beads via Ab opsonization and CD16 (FcgammaRIII), leading to Ag processing and presentation on MHC class II. In contrast, other CD16(+) lymphocytes, i.e., CD16(+)/CD56(+) NK cells, were not capable of such functions. These findings of distinct myeloid characteristics in gammadelta T cells strongly support the suggestion that gammadelta T cells are evolutionarily ancient lymphocytes and have implications for our understanding of their role in transitional immunity and the control of infectious diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wu
- Molecular Immunology Unit, University College London Institute of Child Health, London, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li W, Yamamoto H, Kubo S, Okamura H. Modulation of innate immunity by IL-18. J Reprod Immunol 2009; 83:101-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
45
|
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (TCLs) are uncommon neoplasms, accounting for about 12% of all lymphoid tumors worldwide. TCLs in which gammadelta T-cell receptors are expressed (gammadelta TCLs) are extremely aggressive and rare (<1% of lymphoid neoplasms). gammadelta TCLs originate from gammadelta T cells, a small subset of peripheral T cells with direct antigen recognition capability acting at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Two distinct gammadelta TCL entities are recognized: hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL) and primary cutaneous gammadelta T-cell lymphoma (PCGD-TCL). HSTL is a well-characterized extranodal lymphoma that has a disguised onset, secondary to intrasinusoidal infiltration of the spleen, liver and bone marrow, has a rapidly progressive course that is poorly responsive to chemotherapy, and often ensues in the setting of immune system suppression. PCGD-TCL can present with prominent epidermal involvement or with a panniculitis-like clinical picture that can be complicated by a concurrent hemophagocytic syndrome; the disease shows biological and phenotypic overlap with other extranodal gammadelta TCLs that involve the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract mucosa. The regular application of phenotypic and molecular techniques is crucial for the diagnosis of gammadelta TCLs. In this Review, we discuss the clinical and biological features, the diagnostic challenges and the therapeutic perspectives of HSTL and PCGD-TCL.
Collapse
|
46
|
Eberl M, Moser B. Monocytes and gammadelta T cells: close encounters in microbial infection. Trends Immunol 2009; 30:562-8. [PMID: 19853512 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
gammadelta T cells comprise an evolutionarily conserved yet poorly understood subset of T cells. Numerous features place these unconventional lymphocytes at the branching point between antigen-presenting cells and natural killer cells of the innate immune system and major-histocompatibility-complex-restricted alphabeta T cells of the adaptive immune system. We propose a role for human Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells in the generation of monocyte-derived inflammatory dendritic cells during infection. Our model incorporates the peculiar innate-like specificity of Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells for the microbial metabolite (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP), co-recruitment of monocytes and Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells to sites of infection, and their crosstalk, with profound consequences for the initiation of antigen-specific alphabeta T-cell responses. Vgamma9/Vdelta2 T cells act thus as a cellular switch between innate and adaptive defence mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Eberl
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yokobori N, Schierloh P, Geffner L, Balboa L, Romero M, Musella R, Castagnino J, De Stéfano G, Alemán M, de la Barrera S, Abbate E, Sasiain MC. CD3 expression distinguishes two gammadeltaT cell receptor subsets with different phenotype and effector function in tuberculous pleurisy. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 157:385-94. [PMID: 19664147 PMCID: PMC2745033 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03974.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous pleurisy is a naturally occurring site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Herein, we describe the expression of activation, natural killer (NK) and cell migration markers, as well as effector functions from gammadeltaT cells in peripheral blood (PB) and pleural effusion (PE) from tuberculosis patients (TB). We observed a decreased percentage of circulating gammadeltaT from TB patients and differential expression of NK as well as of chemokine receptors on PB and PE. Two subsets of gammadeltaT cells were differentiated by the CD3/gammadeltaT cell receptor (gammadeltaTCR) complex. The gammadeltaTCR(low) subset had a higher CD3 to TCR ratio and was enriched in Vdelta2(+) cells, whereas most Vdelta1(+) cells belonged to the gammadeltaTCR(high) subset. In PB from TB, most gammadeltaTCR(high) were CD45RA(+)CCR7(-) and gammadeltaTCR(low) were CD45RA(+/-)CCR7(+)CXCR3(+). In the pleural space the proportion of CD45RA(-)CCR7(+)CXCR3(+) cells was higher. Neither spontaneous nor Mtb-induced interferon (IFN)-gamma production was observed in PB-gammadeltaT cells from TB; however, PE-gammadeltaT cells showed a strong response. Both PB- and PE-gammadelta T cells expressed surface CD107a upon stimulation with Mtb. Notably, PE-gammadeltaTCR(low) cells were the most potent effector cells. Thus, gammadeltaT cells from PB would acquire a further activated phenotype within the site of Mtb infection and exert full effector functions. As gammadeltaT cells produce IFN-gamma within the pleural space, they would be expected to play a beneficial role in tuberculous pleurisy by helping to maintain a T helper type 1 profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Yokobori
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas, Academia Nacional de Medicina, 1425 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tec kinase Itk in gammadeltaT cells is pivotal for controlling IgE production in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:8308-13. [PMID: 19416854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0808459106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In conventional alphabeta T cells, the Tec family tyrosine kinase Itk is required for signaling downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR). Itk also regulates alphabeta T cell development, lineage commitment, and effector function. A well established feature of Itk(-/-) mice is their inability to generate T helper type 2 (Th2) responses that produce IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13; yet these mice have spontaneously elevated levels of serum IgE and increased numbers of germinal center B cells. Here we show that the source of this phenotype is gammadelta T cells, as normal IgE levels are observed in Itk(-/-)Tcrd(-/-) mice. When stimulated through the gammadelta TCR, Itk(-/-) gammadelta T cells produce high levels of Th2 cytokines, but diminished IFNgamma. In addition, activated Itk(-/-) gammadelta T cells up-regulate costimulatory molecules important for B cell help, suggesting that they may directly promote B cell activation and Ig class switching. Furthermore, we find that gammadelta T cells numbers are increased in Itk(-/-) mice, most notably the Vgamma1.1(+)Vdelta6.3(+) subset that represents the dominant population of gammadelta NKT cells. Itk(-/-) gammadelta NKT cells also have increased expression of PLZF, a transcription factor required for alphabeta NKT cells, indicating a common molecular program between alphabeta and gammadelta NKT cell lineages. Together, these data indicate that Itk signaling regulates gammadelta T cell lineage development and effector function and is required to control IgE production in vivo.
Collapse
|
49
|
Prince AL, Yin CC, Enos ME, Felices M, Berg LJ. The Tec kinases Itk and Rlk regulate conventional versus innate T-cell development. Immunol Rev 2009; 228:115-31. [PMID: 19290924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tec family kinases are important components of antigen receptor signaling pathways in B cells, T cells, and mast cells. In T cells, three members of this family, inducible T-cell kinase (Itk), resting lymphocyte kinase (Rlk), and Tec, are expressed. In the absence of Itk and Rlk, T-cell receptor signaling is impaired, with defects in mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, Ca(2+) mobilization, and actin polymerization. During T-cell development in the thymus, no role has been found for these kinases in the CD4(+) versus CD8(+) T-cell lineage decision; however, several studies indicate that Itk and Rlk contribute to the signaling leading to positive and negative selection. In addition, we and others have recently described an important role for Itk and Rlk in the development of conventional as opposed to innate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Natural killer T and gammadelta T-cell populations are also altered in Itk- and Rlk/Itk-deficient mice. These findings strongly suggest that the strength of T-cell receptor signaling during development determines whether T cells mature into conventional versus innate lymphocyte lineages. This lineage decision is also influenced by signaling via signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors. Here we discuss these two signaling pathways that each contribute to conventional versus innate T-cell lineage commitment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Prince
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachussets Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Geiger C, Nößner E, Frankenberger B, Falk CS, Pohla H, Schendel DJ. Harnessing innate and adaptive immunity for adoptive cell therapy of renal cell carcinoma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2009; 87:595-612. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-009-0455-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|