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El-Ashmawy IM, Ebeid MA, Aljohani MSM, Alhumaydhi FA, Aljohani ASM. Assessment of the hepatorenal and hematological parameters of rats exposed to graded doses of lysine acetylsalicylate. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.2021054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M. El-Ashmawy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Ebeid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moath S. M. Aljohani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. M. Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesalazine is a widely prescribed drug, used for the treatment of ulcerative colitis to both induce and maintain remissions in disease. Mesalazine therapy has been associated with a low rate of serum enzyme elevations and a with rare instances of clinically apparent acute liver injury. CASE PRESENTATION A 51-year-old Caucasian woman with ulcerative colitis was treated with mesalazine. Two weeks later, the patient presented severe liver cholestatic injury. No symptoms of generalized hypersensitivity were seen. She had no history of liver disease and was known to have normal routine liver tests before starting treatment. The liver biopsy revealed mild periportal necroinflammatory lesions with no fibrosis, suggestive of drug-induced liver injury. The patient's symptoms were resolved by discontinuing the mesalazine treatment; within 6 months, all her liver panels returned to normal. After extensively excluding other potential causes of liver injury and with clinical and lab resolution after discontinuing the drug, we assumed mesalazine as the cause of hepatic toxicity. CONCLUSION We describe a patient with ulcerative colitis who developed severe but fully reversible liver cholestatic injury following the prescription of mesalazine. This case reinforces the possibility of a causal relationship between mesalazine therapy and toxic hepatic injury without systemic hypersensitivity. Although it is a usually well-tolerated drug, clinicians should be alert and discontinue therapy when liver dysfunction occurs to avoid the development of chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis.
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Fedotcheva NI, Kondrashova MN, Litvinova EG, Zakharchenko MV, Khunderyakova NV, Beloborodova NV. Modulation of the Activity of Succinate Dehydrogenase by Acetylation with Chemicals, Drugs, and Microbial Metabolites. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918050081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bessone F, Dirchwolf M, Rodil MA, Razori MV, Roma MG. Review article: drug-induced liver injury in the context of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease - a physiopathological and clinical integrated view. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:892-913. [PMID: 30194708 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease, since it is strongly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome pandemics. NAFLD may affect drug disposal and has common pathophysiological mechanisms with drug-induced liver injury (DILI); this may predispose to hepatoxicity induced by certain drugs that share these pathophysiological mechanisms. In addition, drugs may trigger fatty liver and inflammation per se by mimicking NAFLD pathophysiological mechanisms. AIMS To provide a comprehensive update on (a) potential mechanisms whereby certain drugs can be more hepatotoxic in NAFLD patients, (b) the steatogenic effects of drugs, and (c) the mechanism involved in drug-induced steatohepatitis (DISH). METHODS A language- and date-unrestricted Medline literature search was conducted to identify pertinent basic and clinical studies on the topic. RESULTS Drugs can induce macrovesicular steatosis by mimicking NAFLD pathogenic factors, including insulin resistance and imbalance between fat gain and loss. Other forms of hepatic fat accumulation exist, such as microvesicular steatosis and phospholipidosis, and are mostly associated with acute mitochondrial dysfunction and defective lipophagy, respectively. Drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is also commonly involved in DISH. Patients with pre-existing NAFLD may be at higher risk of DILI induced by certain drugs, and polypharmacy in obese individuals to treat their comorbidities may be a contributing factor. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between DILI and NAFLD may be reciprocal: drugs can cause NAFLD by acting as steatogenic factors, and pre-existing NAFLD could be a predisposing condition for certain drugs to cause DILI. Polypharmacy associated with obesity might potentiate the association between this condition and DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bessone
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Melisa Dirchwolf
- Unidad de Transplante Hepático, Servicio de Hepatología, Hospital Privado de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Agustina Rodil
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Valeria Razori
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marcelo G Roma
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Uppala R, Dudiak B, Beck ME, Bharathi SS, Zhang Y, Stolz DB, Goetzman ES. Aspirin increases mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:346-351. [PMID: 27856258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic effects of salicylates are poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of aspirin on fatty acid oxidation. Aspirin increased mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation, but inhibited peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation, in two different cell lines. Aspirin increased mitochondrial protein acetylation and was found to be a stronger acetylating agent in vitro than acetyl-CoA. However, aspirin-induced acetylation did not alter the activity of fatty acid oxidation proteins, and knocking out the mitochondrial deacetylase SIRT3 did not affect the induction of long-chain fatty acid oxidation by aspirin. Aspirin did not change oxidation of medium-chain fatty acids, which can freely traverse the mitochondrial membrane. Together, these data indicate that aspirin does not directly alter mitochondrial matrix fatty acid oxidation enzymes, but most likely exerts its effects at the level of long-chain fatty acid transport into mitochondria. The drive on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation may be a compensatory response to altered mitochondrial morphology and inhibited electron transport chain function, both of which were observed after 24 h incubation of cells with aspirin. These studies provide insight into the pathophysiology of Reye Syndrome, which is known to be triggered by aspirin ingestion in patients with fatty acid oxidation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Uppala
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Brianne Dudiak
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Megan E Beck
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Sivakama S Bharathi
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Yuxun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Center for Biologic Imaging, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Eric S Goetzman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, United States.
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6
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Kalathil AA, Kumar A, Banik B, Ruiter TA, Pathak RK, Dhar S. New formulation of old aspirin for better delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:140-3. [PMID: 26503669 PMCID: PMC4679634 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07316b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
For better use of cyclooxygenase dependent anti-inflammatory properties and mitochondrial activities of aspirin, new hydrophobic analogues of aspirin were developed and successfully encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). In vivo anti-inflammatory effects of these NPs using a mouse model demonstrated unique properties of an optimized aspirin analogue to inhibit production of pro-inflammatory and enrichment of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akil A Kalathil
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Anil Kumar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Bhabatosh Banik
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Timothy A Ruiter
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Rakesh K Pathak
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Shanta Dhar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Domínguez Jiménez JL, Pelado García EM, Copado Herrera R. [Mesalazine-induced acute hepatitis]. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2014; 38:302-3. [PMID: 25458543 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Morgan DR, Arrow J, Smith MP. Combining aspirin with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)--a potential new tool for controlling possum populations. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70683. [PMID: 23950982 PMCID: PMC3739777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduced Australian brushtail possum is a major vertebrate pest in New Zealand, with impacts on conservation and agriculture being managed largely through poisoning operations. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is registered for use in controlling possums and despite its many advantages it is expensive and relatively inhumane. Combination of a high proportion of aspirin with a low proportion of cholecalciferol was effective in killing high proportions of groups of acclimatised, caged possums: this is attributed to both an unexpectedly high toxicity of the type of cholecalciferol used, and a proposed synergistic mechanism between the two compounds. Death was caused by localised damage to heart ventricles by aspirin, and inhibition of tissue repair by both aspirin and cholecalciferol. The observed toxicosis had lower impact on the welfare of possums than either compound administered alone, particularly aspirin alone. Residue analyses of bait remains in the GI tract suggested a low risk of secondary poisoning by either compound. The combination of cholecalciferol and aspirin has the potential to meet key requirements of cost-effectiveness and humaneness in controlling possum populations, but the effect of the combination in non-target species has yet to be tested.
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Matsui H, Shimokawa O, Kaneko T, Nagano Y, Rai K, Hyodo I. The pathophysiology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced mucosal injuries in stomach and small intestine. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 48:107-11. [PMID: 21373261 PMCID: PMC3045681 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most commonly prescribed drugs for arthritis, inflammation, and cardiovascular protection. However, they cause gastrointestinal complications. The pathophysiology of these complications has mostly been ascribed to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs’ action on the cyclooxygenase inhibition and the subsequent prostaglandin deficiency. However, recent clinical demonstrated the prevalence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small intestinal mucosal injury is more often than previously expected. In this review, we discuss the defense mechanisms of stomach, and the pathophysiology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced injury of stomach and small intestine, especially focused on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs’ action on mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Matsui
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Sogut I, Kanbak G. In Vitro Effects of Ethanol With Aspirin on Rat Brain Synaptosomes: The Potential Protective Role of Betaine. Int J Neurosci 2010; 120:774-83. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2010.523130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Upreti RK, Kannan A, Pant AB. Experimental impact of aspirin exposure on rat intestinal bacteria, epithelial cells and cell line. Hum Exp Toxicol 2010; 29:833-43. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110363333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin, a commonly used therapeutic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is known to cause gastric mucosal damage. Intestinal bacteria having a regulatory effect on intestinal homeostasis play significant role in NSAID-induced intestinal injury. Bacteria and specific cell lines are considered to be suitable for toxicity screening and testing of chemicals. Therefore, to evaluate and compare in vitro toxicity, cultures of rat intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), isolated bacteria and IEC-6 cell line were assessed for viability, morphometric analysis, membrane transport enzymes and structural constituents for membrane damage, dehydrogenase activity test for respiratory and energy producing processes and esterase activity test for intra- and extra-cellular degradation, following the post exposure to aspirin (0—50 µg mL- 1). Similar pattern of dose-dependent changes in these parameters were observed in three types of cells. Similar in situ effects on IEC validated the in vitro findings. These findings indicate that higher aspirin concentrations may alter cellular functions of IEC and gut bacteria. Furthermore, results suggest that gut bacteria and IEC-6 cell line can be used for the initial screening of gastrointestinal cellular toxicity caused by NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Upreti
- Biomembrane Toxicology, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (National Laboratory of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi-India), MG Marg, Lucknow - 226 001, India,
| | - A. Kannan
- Biomembrane Toxicology, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (National Laboratory of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi-India), MG Marg, Lucknow - 226 001, India
| | - AB Pant
- Biomembrane Toxicology, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (National Laboratory of Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi-India), MG Marg, Lucknow - 226 001, India
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Chow EKH, Razani B, Cheng G. Innate immune system regulation of nuclear hormone receptors in metabolic diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2007; 82:187-95. [PMID: 17314330 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1206741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system modulates a number of biological processes to properly defend against pathogens. Here, we review how crosstalk between nuclear hormone receptors and the innate immune system may influence multiple biological functions during an immune response. Although nuclear hormone receptor repression of innate immune responses and inflammation has been well studied, a number of new studies have identified repression of nuclear hormone receptor signaling by various innate immune responses. IFN regulatory factor 3, a key transcription factor involved in the induction of antiviral genes, may play a role in mediating such crosstalk between the innate immune response and nuclear receptor-regulated metabolism. This crosstalk mechanism is now implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and Reye's syndrome and could provide an explanation for other pathogen-associated metabolic and developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Chow EK, Castrillo A, Shahangian A, Pei L, O'Connell RM, Modlin RL, Tontonoz P, Cheng G. A role for IRF3-dependent RXRalpha repression in hepatotoxicity associated with viral infections. J Exp Med 2006; 203:2589-602. [PMID: 17074929 PMCID: PMC2118146 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20060929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections and antiviral responses have been linked to several metabolic diseases, including Reye's syndrome, which is aspirin-induced hepatotoxicity in the context of a viral infection. We identify an interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-dependent but type I interferon-independent pathway that strongly inhibits the expression of retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) and suppresses the induction of its downstream target genes, including those involved in hepatic detoxification. Activation of IRF3 by viral infection in vivo greatly enhances bile acid- and aspirin-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results provide a critical link between the innate immune response and host metabolism, identifying IRF3-mediated down-regulation of RXRalpha as a molecular mechanism for pathogen-associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward K Chow
- Molecular Biology Institute, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Battaglia V, Salvi M, Toninello A. Oxidative Stress Is Responsible for Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Induction by Salicylate in Liver Mitochondria. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:33864-72. [PMID: 16100122 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m502391200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of salicylate with the respiratory chain of liver mitochondria generates hydrogen peroxide and, most probably, other reactive oxygen species, which in turn oxidize thiol groups and glutathione. This oxidative stress, confirmed by the prevention of action by antioxidant agents, leads to the induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition in the presence of Ca2+. This phenomenon induces further increase of oxidative damage resulting in impairment of oxidative phosphorylation and beta-oxidation, cardinal features of Reye's syndrome in the liver. Mitochondrial permeability transition induction also induces the release of cytochrome c and apoptotic inducing factor from mitochondria, suggesting that salicylate also behaves as a pro-apoptotic agent. The reactive group of salicylate for inducing oxidative stress is the hydroxyl group which, by interacting with a Fe-S cluster of mitochondrial Complex I, the so-called N-2(Fe-S) center, produces reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Universitá di Padova, Istituto di Neuroscienze del C.N.R., Unitá per lo studio delle Biomembrane, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy
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15
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Nagano Y, Matsui H, Muramatsu M, Shimokawa O, Shibahara T, Yanaka A, Nakahara A, Matsuzaki Y, Tanaka N, Nakamura Y. Rebamipide significantly inhibits indomethacin-induced mitochondrial damage, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in gastric epithelial RGM-1 cells. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50 Suppl 1:S76-83. [PMID: 16184425 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause complications such as gastrointestinal injury. NSAIDs were recently reported to cause mitochondrial injury: to dissipate the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP), and to induce mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP), which liberates cytochrome c. This enzyme generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) thereby triggers caspase cascade and cellular lipid peroxidation, resulting in cellular apoptosis. However, the mechanism of this NSAID-induced MTP's role in cellular apoptosis remains unknown. Rebamipide, an antiulcer drug, is reported to scavenge ROS and to show the protective effects on indomethacin-induced tissue peroxidations. Since cytochrome c and its generation of ROS are involved in indomethacin-induced cellular apoptosis, rebamipide may attenuate mitochondrial damage. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether indomethacin induces both the MTP decrease and cellular apoptosis, and the effect of rebamipide on these phenomena. We examined the effect of rebamipide on 1) MTP change, 2) lipid peroxidation, 3) apoptosis, and 4) caspase activation using gastric mucosal epithelial cell-line treated with indomethacin. With a specially designed fluorescence analyzing microscope system, MTP change, cellular lipid peroxidation, and cellular apoptosis were investigated with the small star, filled following fluorescent dyes, MitoRed, DPPP, and Hoechst 33,258, respectively. Indomethacin treatment decreased MTP but increased both cellular lipid peroxidation and cellular apoptosis via caspase 3 and 9 activation. Rebamipide clearly inhibited these phenomena {in vitro}. We demonstrated that fluorescent dyes such as MitoRed, DPPP, and Hoechst 33,258 are useful indicators for detecting oxidative cellular injuries in living cells. Rebamipide exerts a protective effect on mitochondrial membrane stability in gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Nagano
- Division of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nohdai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Nulton-Persson AC, Szweda LI, Sadek HA. Inhibition of Cardiac Mitochondrial Respiration by Salicylic Acid and Acetylsalicylate. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2004; 44:591-5. [PMID: 15505497 DOI: 10.1097/00005344-200411000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acetylsalicylate, the active ingredient in aspirin, has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Because of the increasing frequency with which salicylates are used, it is important to more fully characterize extra- and intracellular processes that are altered by these compounds. Evidence is provided that treatment of isolated cardiac mitochondria with salicylic acid and to a lesser extent acetylsalicylate resulted in an increase in the rate of uncoupled respiration. In contrast, both compounds inhibited ADP-dependent NADH-linked (state 3) respiration to similar degrees. Under the conditions of our experiments, loss in state 3 respiration resulted from inhibition of the Krebs cycle enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH). Kinetic analysis indicates that salicylic acid acts as a competitive inhibitor at the alpha-ketoglutarate binding site. In contrast, acetylsalicylate inhibited the enzyme in a noncompetitive fashion consistent with interaction with the alpha-ketoglutarate binding site followed by enzyme-catalyzed acetylation. The effects of salicylic acid and acetylsalicylate on cardiac mitochondrial function may contribute to the known cardioprotective effects of therapeutic doses of aspirin, as well as to the toxicity associated with salicylate overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Nulton-Persson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Peña-Alonso YR, Montoya-Cabrera MA, Bustos-Córdoba E, Marroquín-Yáñez L, Olivar-López V. Aspirin intoxication in a child associated with myocardial necrosis: is this a drug-related lesion? Pediatr Dev Pathol 2003; 6:342-7. [PMID: 14692648 DOI: 10.1007/s10024-001-0127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 5-year-old girl with a mild upper airways infection was admitted to the hospital because of sudden vomiting and drowsiness that evolved to stupor; she was dehydrated, hypotensive, and tachypneic; laboratory tests revealed noncompensated lactic acidosis. She also had hypoglycemia followed by hyperglycemia, and progressive bradycardia leading to reversible cardiac arrest. Her clinical condition complicated by sinus bradycardia, ventricular tachycardia, third-degree atrioventricular blockage and lethal asystole. At the final stage of her illness, the serum salicylate concentration was 383.8 mcg/mL. Based on this single data, a retrospective toxicological analysis estimated a theoretical peak level of serum salicylate of approximately 1570 mcg/mL (therapeutic range, 20-250 mcg/mL) although the real amount of aspirin that this child ingested is difficult to calculate because aspirin is a drug that shows a so-called zero order kinetics. At autopsy, the most striking finding was multiple foci of coagulative necrosis involving the entire thickness of the myocardium with scant inflammatory infiltrate composed mainly of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The morphologic characteristics of the myocardial lesion in addition to salicylate blood levels suggests the possibility of an adverse drug reaction of the type acute toxic myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rocío Peña-Alonso
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márques 162, México, D.F., CP 06720, México.
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Takahashi H, Ohno N, Adachi Y, Yadomae T. Association of immunological disorders in lethal side effect of NSAIDs on beta-glucan-administered mice. FEMS IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2001; 31:1-14. [PMID: 11476975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2001.tb01579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
(1-->3)-beta-D-Glucan (beta-glucan) is a biological response modifier that regulates host immune response. We have found that the combination of a beta-glucan and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), indomethacin (IND), induced lethal toxicity in mice [Yoshioka et al. (1998) FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 21, 171-179]. This study was undertaken to analyze the mechanism of the lethal side effect. Combination of a beta-glucan and IND increased the number of leukocytes, especially macrophages and neutrophils, in various organs and these cells were activated. The activated state of these cells was supported by the enhanced production of interferon-gamma in the presence of IND in vitro culture of the peritoneal exudate cells. Intestinal bacterial flora was translocated into the peritoneal cavity in these mice to cause peritonitis. Comparing the toxicity of various NSAIDs, nabumetone, a partially cyclooxygenase-2-selective NSAID with weaker toxicity to the gastrointestinal tract, did not exhibit a lethal side effect. These facts strongly suggested that gastrointestinal damage by NSAIDs was more severe in beta-glucan-administered mice, resulting in peritonitis by enteric bacteria and leading to death.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takahashi
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan
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Tomoda T, Kurashige T, Hayashi Y, Enzan H. Primary changes in liver damage by aspirin in rats. ACTA PAEDIATRICA JAPONICA : OVERSEAS EDITION 1998; 40:593-6. [PMID: 9893296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.1998.tb01996.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been known that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) causes liver cell damage, however, its mechanisms remain obscure. METHODS AND RESULTS To clarify the earliest change in the course of liver cell damage induced by oral administration of ASA, rats that had received ASA at 50 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg bodyweight orally for 7 days were investigated. Mitochondria were isolated for measurements of mitochondrial respiration, and for electron microscopic observations, small pieces of liver were excised and fixed. Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation was observed in mitochondria isolated from ASA-treated rats. Although no histological changes were evident, lamellar structures in bile canaliculi were ultrastructurally observed in all rats treated with ASA. CONCLUSIONS This laminar structure, which is negative for bilirubin staining, seems to be one of the most sensitive indicators of ASA-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tomoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Japan.
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Stoschus B, Meybehm M, Spengler U, Scheurlen C, Sauerbruch T. Cholestasis associated with mesalazine therapy in a patient with Crohn's disease. J Hepatol 1997; 26:425-8. [PMID: 9059966 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(97)80061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Mesalazine is a widely prescribed medication, developed as an alternative to sulfasalazine in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. In contrast to sulfasalazine, there are only a few case reports on its causing hepatic injury. We here report on a patient with cholestasis after mesalazine therapy for Crohn's disease of the ileum. METHODS/RESULTS The patient, a 30-year-old man, developed clinical signs of severe hepatic injury 4 months after treatment with mesalazine (4 g/day) including biopsy-proven hepatocellular cholestasis with minimal focal mononuclear inflammatory infiltration. Contrary to previous reports, no symptoms of generalized hypersensitivity were seen. The patient's illness was resolved by discontinuing the mesalazine treatment and he recovered completely in 40 days. CONCLUSIONS This case reinforces the possibility of a causal relationship between mesalazine treatment and toxic hepatic injury without systemic hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stoschus
- Department of Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany
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Venerando R, Miotto G, Pizzo P, Rizzuto R, Siliprandi N. Mitochondrial alterations induced by aspirin in rat hepatocytes expressing mitochondrially targeted green fluorescent protein (mtGFP). FEBS Lett 1996; 382:256-60. [PMID: 8605980 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria in primary living hepatocytes were visualized in cells transfected with a chimeric plasmid encoding for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) of Aequorea victoria engineered to be specifically targeted to mitochondria, as described recently (Rizutto et al. (1995) Curr. Biol. 5, 635-642). The identification of the fluorescent organelles as authentic mitochondria was confirmed by double labeling with rhodamine 123. Acetylsalicylate treatment of hepatocytes induced in mitochondria typical morphological alterations closely analogous to the swelling promoted by acetylsalicylate in isolated mitochondria. Cyclosporin A, which in isolated mitochondria prevents the changes induced by acetylsalicylate, had no protective action but induced per se specific alterations in the morphology of mitochondria. Moreover, exposure of hepatocytes to cyclosporin A followed by acetylsalicylate caused the same mitochondrial changes induced by each of the two compounds separately. The structural alterations caused by acetylsalicylate were constantly associated with a decrease in mitochondrial urea synthesis and cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Venerando
- Department of Biological Chemistry, CNR Center for the Study of Mitochondrial Physiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Biban C, Tassani V, Toninello A, Siliprandi D, Siliprandi N. The alterations in the energy linked properties induced in rat liver mitochondria by acetylsalicylate are prevented by cyclosporin A or Mg2+. Biochem Pharmacol 1995; 50:497-500. [PMID: 7646555 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)00165-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The alterations in rat liver mitochondria induced by acetylsalicylate in the presence of low concentrations of Ca2+ (large amplitude swelling, permeability to 14C]sucrose, collapse of transmembrane potential and effluxes of endogenous Mg2+ and accumulated Ca2+) were fully prevented by either cyclosporin A or Mg2+. Cyclosporin A and Mg2+ were also capable of restoring transmembrane potential upon its decrease induced by acetylsalicylate. The loss of endogenous Mg2+ was the primary effect promoted by acetylsalicylate; the other noxious effects followed. These results indicate that Mg2+ are fundamental components of the mitochondrial permeability barrier and that their loss might be responsible for the membrane transition induced by acetylsalicylate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Biban
- Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Universitá id Padova, Italy
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