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Kim JH, Kim MA, Kim JG. Application of Monoclonal Antibodies to Detect and Compare the Levels of Streptococcus mutans in Adolescents Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment with Those Not Undergoing Treatment. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2016; 35:267-271. [PMID: 27788028 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2016.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to detect Streptococcus mutans by using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against S. mutans that cause dental caries and compare the levels of the bacterium between the saliva of adolescents undergoing orthodontic treatment (OT) and those not undergoing treatment (NT). Saliva samples, collected from 25 OT adolescents (with a mean age of 12.84 years) and 25 NT adolescents (mean age of 12.4 years), were analyzed by Dentocult-SM and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using mAbs against Ag I/II (ckAg I/II) and GTF B (ckGTF B), GTF C (ckGTF C), and GTF D (ckGTF D) of S. mutans. The DMFT index was slightly higher in the OT group (5.12 in OT and 4.96 in NT) and the level of S. mutans (≥105 CFU/mL) was higher in OT (72%) than in NT (56%). The detected levels of ckAg I/II, ckGTF B, ckGTF C, and ckGTF D were slightly higher in OT than in NT. The results of this study indicate that use of mAbs against S. mutans yields sensitive detection for the bacterium in saliva samples and shows that it has a reliable connection to the number of S. mutans and decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT), suggesting that the levels of S. mutans in saliva can be defined and compared by the application of the mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hwan Kim
- 1 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mi Ah Kim
- 2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju-si, Korea
| | - Jae Gon Kim
- 2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University , Jeonju-si, Korea
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Does Botulinum neurotoxin type A treatment for sialorrhea change oral health? Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:795-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mohsin S, Manohar B, Rajesh S, Asif Y. The effects of a dentifrice containing propolis on Mutans Streptococci: a clinico-microbiological study. Ethiop J Health Sci 2015; 25:9-16. [PMID: 25733780 PMCID: PMC4337077 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v25i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Propolis is a natural resinous mixture produced by honeybees, which exhibits anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, cytostatic and cariostatic properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-bacterial efficacy of a propolis based dentifrice on Mutans Streptococci colonizing the oral cavity of young patients using Dentocult® SM strip mutans test. Methods Screening of 367 male subjects within the age group of 7–12 years was carried out. A total of 30 children were included in the study. They were instructed to use a Propolis dentifrice (Probee,™ Quasi-Medical Products, Seoul Propolis) daily for three minutes over a period of four weeks. Plaque and salivary samples were collected at baseline, 1st week, 3rd week and 4th week and were analyzed for Mutans Streptococci count using Dentocult® SM strip Mutans kit (Orion Diagnostica Oy, Finland). Student paired t-test and Friedman test were used for statistical analysis. Results It was unveiled that mean Mutans streptococci count at 1st week and 4th week, showed significant reduction (p≤0.0001), compared to baseline scores. Using Friedman's test, statistically significant difference was found between baseline and 1st week, 3rd week and 4th week follow up (P < 0.001). Conclusion Propolis dentifrice reduces in-vivo microbial load in microenvironments especially against Mutans streptococci in the oral cavity of young patients. Thus, it's potential to be inculcated and used as an alternative measure to prevent dental caries can be considered and further investigation involving greater number of participants is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohsin
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Jaipur Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - B Manohar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Jaipur Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - S Rajesh
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Jaipur Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Y Asif
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Jaipur Dental College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Huang YK, Lee WF, Wang MJ, Chang YHS, Tchaou WS, Chang WJ, Lee SY, Sheu JR, Teng NC. Chair-side quantitative oral-microflora screening for assessing familial correlation of periodontal status and caries prevalence. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87100. [PMID: 24498022 PMCID: PMC3907388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Our goal was to investigate the relationship between clinical status and the presence of carious or periodontal pathogens among parent-child familial pairs. Clinical practices of risk assessment with consideration of familial pathogen interaction might reduce the need for therapy, improve patient outcomes, and ultimately reduce oral disease burden. Materials and Methods: In this study, we enrolled 30 parent-child pairs, with the children exhibiting complete deciduous dentition or mixed dentition with only permanent first molars. Clinical statuses were evaluated using caries and periodontal disease indicators, including the sum of decay and the number of missing or filled teeth (DMFT) for adults, decay, extraction caused by dental disease, and filled teeth (deft), for children, probing depth, and plaque control record (PCR). Supra- and sub-gingival bacteria were determined based on semi-quantitative measurements of microbial infection by using data from the Dentocult® SM test (caries-related organisms) and the PerioCheck® test (periodontal disease-related organisms). Results: No statistically significant relationship was detected between the prevalence of periodontal pathogens and that of cariogenic pathogens in the oral cavity. However, the clinical status of caries (DMFT) was negatively correlated with the clinical status of periodontal disease (pocket depth) in parents who were infected with dominant periodontal pathogens (r = −0.59, p<0.01). Parents’ DMFT scores were positively correlated with children’s deft and PCR scores. PCR and deft scores of children appeared to decrease significantly with the parent’s pocket depth. Conclusion: The study showed that the quantity of caries pathogens were not significant related to periodontal pathogens, but the caries clinical outcome is negative related with periodontal clinical outcome between familial pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Kai Huang
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Lee
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jiy Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yus-Han Sophie Chang
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation and Center of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Shiun Tchaou
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation and Center of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Dental Department of Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chia Teng
- Division of Oral Rehabilitation and Center of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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ElSalhy M, Honkala S, Söderling E, Varghese A, Honkala E. Relationship between daily habits, Streptococcus mutans, and caries among schoolboys. J Dent 2013; 41:1000-6. [PMID: 23948392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between daily habits, Streptococcus mutans, and caries using International Caries Detection and Assessment System Caries Index (ICDAS CI); and compare it to the DMF index. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Altogether 122 children were examined and interviewed. Saliva and plaque samples were collected and analyzed by Dentocult SM(®) Strip Mutans test. ICDAS CI was calculated by counting all ICDAS caries scores of all surfaces divided by total number of carious teeth. RESULTS ICDAS CI was significantly (p<0.01) and strongly associated with DMFT/dmft (ρ=0.72), DMFS/dmfs (ρ=0.72), total number of carious teeth (DT/dt) (ρ=0.77), enamel caries surfaces (ρ=0.61) and dentine caries surfaces (ρ=0.75). Plaque S. mutans was significantly (p<0.05) correlated with ICDAS CI and DT/dt. Children who brushed once a day or more had significantly lower ICDAS CI (p<0.01). Children who consumed sweets or drank soft drinks more than once a day had significantly higher ICDAS CI (p<0.05). No significant association was found between ICDAS CI and frequency of flossing, use of mouthrinse, or gum chewing. CONCLUSION ICDAS CI seems to have similar trends as DMF indices, but includes more information about the stage, severity, and progress of the caries lesions of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed ElSalhy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait; Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Finland
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Pattanaporn K, Saraithong P, Khongkhunthian S, Aleksejuniene J, Laohapensang P, Chhun N, Chen Z, Li Y. Mode of delivery, mutans streptococci colonization, and early childhood caries in three- to five-year-old Thai children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2012; 41:212-23. [PMID: 23106389 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether mode of delivery is associated with mutans streptococci (MS) colonization and early childhood caries (ECC) in preschool Thai children. METHODS Three hundred and fifty mothers and their 3- to 5-year-old children (184 born vaginally and 166 born by Caesarean section) participated in the study. Data included a dental examination, MS colonization assessed by the Dentocult(®) SM Strip Mutans method, and a questionnaire survey of family socio-demographic information, as well as children's birth history, dietary habits, and oral health practices. RESULTS Overall, ECC prevalence was 56% in 3-year-old and 78% in 5-year-old Thai children. Compared to children delivered by C-section, vaginally born children experienced increased ECC prevalence (73.8% versus 59.6%; P = 0.009) and were more likely to have higher MS scores (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1-2.9), adjusting for mother's gestational age, MS score, feeding practice habits; child's age and tooth brushing habits. Children's MS scores were highly correlated with their mothers' MS scores (P < 0.001). Additionally, children's age, MS colonization, and mothers' prechewing feeding habits were the most significant risk indicators for ECC in Thai children. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that mode of delivery is significantly correlated with MS colonization and caries outcomes in young Thai children. Future studies are needed to further understand the possible biological mechanisms linking mode of child delivery to the colonization of cariogenic microbiota and development of ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pattanaporn
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Nishikawara F, Katsumura S, Ando A, Tamaki Y, Nakamura Y, Sato K, Nomura Y, Hanada N. Correlation of cariogenic bacteria and dental caries in adults. J Oral Sci 2007; 48:245-51. [PMID: 17220624 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.48.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Many studies suggest that mutans streptococci (MS), Lactobacillus (LB), and salivary buffering capacity are important risk factors for dental caries. However, target populations for most studies were children. In adult patients, the same risk factors affect the number of fillings or prostheses or secondary caries. It is therefore important to investigate these risk factors as predictors of caries in adults. In the present study, we evaluated the oral conditions of adult subjects at private dental offices using bite-wing radiographs. Detection of salivary LB level using Dentocult LB had a statistically significant correlation with the number of flat surface caries and approximal caries (P < 0.001). Detection of salivary MS level using Dentocult MS and salivary buffering capacity did not predict dental caries. Thus, detection of salivary LB level using Dentocult LB may be a useful tool for detecting approximal and secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusao Nishikawara
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Karjalainen S, Söderling E, Pienihäkkinen K. Validation and inter-examiner agreement of mutans streptococci levels in plaque and saliva of 10-year-old children using simple chair-side tests. Acta Odontol Scand 2004; 62:153-7. [PMID: 15370635 DOI: 10.1080/00016350410001559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Since there are few validation studies of chair-side tests of oral mutans streptococci, we compared a commercially available strip test with the conventional laboratory assay. Two plaque samples obtained from the mesial surfaces of the upper right and lower left permanent molars of sixty-five 10-year-old children (boys = 38, girls = 27) were cultured and incubated using chair-side site strip tests (Dentocult SM, Orion Diagnostica). Two plaque sampling tools, namely dental floss and micro-brush, were compared, and inter-examiner agreement between recordings of three examiners was assessed. Paraffin-stimulated saliva was then collected for laboratory and chair-side assays. The plaque and saliva chair-side tests correlated well with each other (Spearman rho, r = 0.72) and with the laboratory method, showing coefficients of 0.76 and 0.80 for saliva and plaque, respectively. Compared to the laboratory method, the sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), accuracy (A), and kappa (K) values of the salivary and plaque chair-side tests were 0.63, 0.75 (Sn), 0.93, 0.90 (Sp), 0.82, 0.85 (A), and 0.58, 0.66 (K), respectively. Agreement between the two plaque sampling techniques was good (0.91). Inter-examiner agreement of plaque scores ranged between 0.65 and 0.86 when all density categories were analysed separately; when dichotomized into low and high categories, complete agreement was found. Agreement between the plaque and saliva chair-side tests and the laboratory salivary assay was good, and in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and kappa values, the site strip plaque test surpassed the salivary chair-side test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sára Karjalainen
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Seki M, Karakama F, Terajima T, Ichikawa Y, Ozaki T, Yoshida S, Yamashita Y. Evaluation of mutans streptococci in plaque and saliva: correlation with caries development in preschool children. J Dent 2003; 31:283-90. [PMID: 12735923 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-5712(03)00033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To test the ability of a site-specific method of evaluating mutans streptococci (MS) present in plaque in order to predict caries risk in children and to compare the results with those obtained from estimating the levels of MS present in saliva. METHODS Caries prevalence was examined twice, 6 months apart, in 129 preschool children ranging in age from 1.5 to 5. A commercial strip method was used to evaluate the MS score (0-3) in plaque collected from four selected tooth surfaces at two interdental spaces and in saliva. RESULTS The screening criteria of the MS score for caries incidence between scores 1 and 2, and scores 0 and 1 were the most valid for evaluating plaque (accuracy of prediction, 80%) and saliva (accuracy of prediction, 71%), respectively. Based on these screening criteria, the evaluation of saliva MS was invalid when the plaque MS score was considered. Screening plaque MS was effective, regardless of caries experience at baseline, according to the chi-square test (p<0.01), but screening saliva MS was ineffective when caries experience was present at baseline. A multivariate logistic regression analysis including six variables showed that the plaque MS score and caries experience at baseline were significantly correlated with caries incidence: caries experience at baseline (OR=5.02, 95%CI: 1.81-14.59) and high plaque MS score (2 or 3) (OR=12.59, 95%CI: 3.18-67.08). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the semi-quantitative evaluation of plaque MS sampled from only two proximal sites on the molars is more effective for screening preschool children at a high risk of developing caries in their primary dentition than other important caries risk indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seki
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University, School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, 101-8310, Tokyo, Japan
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Aaltonen AS, Suhonen JT, Tenovuo J, Inkilä-Saari I. Efficacy of a slow-release device containing fluoride, xylitol and sorbitol in preventing infant caries. Acta Odontol Scand 2000; 58:285-92. [PMID: 11196405 DOI: 10.1080/00016350050217145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel slow-release administration device, the "Fall-Asleep Pacifier" (FAP), was studied as a prophylactic measure against mutans streptococcal oral infection and dental caries in a risk group of 1-year-old children by comparing the test (T, n = 34) and control (C, n = 88) groups in a prospective cohort study. In the T group the children received their fluoride tablets (Fludent, containing NaF corresp. 0.25 mg F0- , xylitol 159 mg and sorbitol 153 mg) in the evenings in FAP. In the C group the children received the same dose of Fludent crushed in food in the evenings. The proportion of children, whose plaque samples from the upper incisors were mutans streptococcus positive at the age of 24 months, was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in group C (25%) than in group T (9%). The children in the T group developed significantly (P < 0.001) less (none) new dentinal carious lesions in their primary dentitions than the children in the C group between 2 and 3 1/2 years of age. Fifty-four percent of the children to whom the FAP was offered complied with regular use of it. The beneficial effect observed in the T group compared with the C group was apparently mostly due to the administration mode via FAP, which could prolong the intra-oral bioavailability of the prophylactic preparation.
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