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Chen Y, Guan Q, Han X, Bai D, Li D, Tian Y. Proteoglycans in the periodontium: A review with emphasis on specific distributions, functions, and potential applications. J Periodontal Res 2021; 56:617-632. [PMID: 33458817 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are largely glycosylated proteins, consisting of a linkage sugar, core proteins, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). To date, more than 40 kinds of PGs have been identified, and they can be classified as intracellular, cell surface, pericellular, and extracellular PGs according to cellular locations. To illustrate, extracellular PGs are known for regulating the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix; cell-surface PGs play a role in mediating cell adhesion and binding various growth factors. In the field of periodontology, PGs are implicated in cellular proliferation, migration, adhesion, contractility, and anoikis, thereby exerting a profound influence on periodontal tissue development, wound repair, the immune response, biomechanics, and pathological process. Additionally, the expression patterns of some PGs are dynamic and cell-specific. Therefore, determining the roles and spatial-temporal expression patterns of PGs in the periodontium could shed light on treatments for wound healing, tissue regeneration, periodontitis, and gingival overgrowth. In this review, close attention is paid to the distributions, functions, and potential applications of periodontal PGs. Related genetically modified animal experiments and involved signal transduction cascades are summarized for improved understanding of periodontal PGs. To date, however, there is a large amount of speculation on this topic that requires rigorous experiments for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuyue Guan
- Department of Geriatrics, People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianglong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Defu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Bioengineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Gandhi M, Rai E, Shirley A, Suda NK. Massive gingival bleed: a rare manifestation of cyclosporine toxicity. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/12/e236828. [PMID: 33370971 PMCID: PMC7757501 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12-year-old patient of thalassaemia major developed autoimmune cytopaenia after undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. She was started on cyclosporine (CsA) in view of poor response to steroids. She developed CsA toxicity manifesting as gum hyperplasia with multiple episodes of gum bleed. During endotracheal intubation for an elective splenectomy, she developed significant bleeding from gums requiring massive transfusion. Postoperatively the gum bleed persisted even after embolisation of facial artery and multiple transfusions. The catastrophic sequelae include transfusion-related lung injury, acute circulatory failure with subsequent cardiac arrest and death. Gum hyperplasia is a commonly reported toxic effect of CsA. Lethal presentations of this toxicity with such severity are limited in the medical literature. Evaluation of the patient's medical and laboratory records, along with a review of literature, was very helpful in understanding more about the toxicity of CsA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Gandhi
- Anaesthesia, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ekta Rai
- Anaesthesia, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anita Shirley
- Anaesthesia, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Suda
- Anaesthesia, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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SPOCK1 is a novel inducer of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9785. [PMID: 32555336 PMCID: PMC7300011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66660-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the role of extracellular-matrix proteoglycans in the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO). SPOCK1 is an extracellular proteoglycan that induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in several cancer cell lines and exhibits protease-inhibitory activity. However, the role of SPOCK1 in non-cancerous diseases such as DIGO has not been well-addressed. We demonstrated that the expression of SPOCK1, TGF-β1, and MMP-9 in calcium channel blocker-induced gingival overgrowth is higher than that in non-overgrowth tissues. Transgenic mice overexpressing Spock1 developed obvious gingival-overgrowth and fibrosis phenotypes, and positively correlated with EMT-like changes. Furthermore, in vitro data indicated a tri-directional interaction between SPOCK1, TGF-β1, and MMP-9 that led to gingival overgrowth. Our study shows that SPOCK1 up-regulation in a noncancerous disease and SPOCK1-induced EMT in gingival overgrowth occurs via cooperation and crosstalk between several potential signaling pathways. Therefore, SPOCK1 is a novel therapeutic target for gingival overgrowth and its expression is a potential risk of EMT induction in cancerous lesions.
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Matsuo J, Sakai K, Okubo T, Yamaguchi H. Chlamydia pneumoniaeenhances Interleukin 8 (IL-8) production with reduced azithromycin sensitivity under hypoxia. APMIS 2019; 127:131-138. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kohei Sakai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
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Matsuo J, Haga S, Hashimoto K, Okubo T, Ozawa T, Ozaki M, Yamaguchi H. Activation of caspase-3 during Chlamydia trachomatis-induced apoptosis at a late stage. Can J Microbiol 2018; 65:135-143. [PMID: 30336068 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis activates the host cell apoptosis pathway at a late stage of its developmental cycle. However, whether caspase-3, which is a key enzyme of apoptosis, is activated in Chlamydia-infected cells remains unknown. Here, we established HEp-2 cells stably expressing cFluc-DEVD, which is a caspase-3 substrate sequence inserted into cyclic firefly luciferase, and then monitored the dynamics of caspase-3 activity in cells infected with Chlamydia. Transfected cells without infection showed a significant increase in luciferase activity due to stimulation with staurosporine, an inducer of apoptosis. Activation was significantly blocked by addition of caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Furthermore, as expected, Chlamydia infection caused a significant increase in luciferase activation at 36-48 h postinfection with a contrastive decrease at 24 h postinfection, which is already well known. Such activation caused by the infection was much stronger when the amount of bacteria was increased. Thus, caspase-3 activation was accurately monitored by the luciferase activity in HEp-2 cells constitutively expressing the cFluc-DEVD probe. Furthermore, our data showed that C. trachomatis activates caspase-3 in host cells at a late stage of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Matsuo
- a Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sanae Haga
- b Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kent Hashimoto
- a Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- a Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- c Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Michitaka Ozaki
- b Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- a Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Impact of capsaicin, an active component of chili pepper, on pathogenic chlamydial growth (Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae) in immortal human epithelial HeLa cells. J Infect Chemother 2017; 24:130-137. [PMID: 29132924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of sexually transmitted infections worldwide. Capsaicin, a component of chili pepper, which can stimulate actin remodeling via capsaicin receptor TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) and anti-inflammatory effects via PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ) and LXRα (liver X receptor α), is a potential candidate to control chlamydial growth in host cells. We examined whether capsaicin could inhibit C. trachomatis growth in immortal human epithelial HeLa cells. Inclusion forming unit and quantitative PCR assays showed that capsaicin significantly inhibited bacterial growth in cells in a dose-dependent manner, even in the presence of cycloheximide, a eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibitor. Confocal microscopic and transmission electron microscopic observations revealed an obvious decrease in bacterial numbers to inclusions bodies formed in the cells. Although capsaicin can stimulate the apoptosis of cells, no increase in cleaved PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), an apoptotic indicator, was observed at a working concentration. All of the drugs tested (capsazepine, a TRPV1 antagonist; 5CPPSS-50, an LXRα inhibitor; and T0070907, a PPARγ inhibitor) had no effect on chlamydial inhibition in the presence of capsaicin. In addition, we also confirmed that capsaicin inhibited Chlamydia pneumoniae growth, indicating a phenomena not specific to C. trachomatis. Thus, we conclude that capsaicin can block chlamydial growth without the requirement of host cell protein synthesis, but by another, yet to be defined, mechanism.
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Chaubal T, Bapat R. Mulberry-Shaped Gingival Overgrowth Induced by Amlodipine and Cyclosporine. Am J Med Sci 2017; 354:e13. [PMID: 29208265 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanay Chaubal
- Department of Periodontics, D.Y.Patil University School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Ranjeet Bapat
- Department of Periodontics, D.Y.Patil University School of Dentistry, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Ramírez-Rámiz A, Brunet-LLobet L, Lahor-Soler E, Miranda-Rius J. On the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth. Open Dent J 2017; 11:420-435. [PMID: 28868093 PMCID: PMC5564016 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gingival overgrowth has been linked to multiple factors such as adverse drug effects, inflammation, neoplastic processes, and hereditary gingival fibromatosis. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a well-established adverse event. In early stages, this gingival enlargement is usually located in the area of the interdental papilla. Histologically, there is an increase in the different components of the extracellular matrix. Objective: The aim of this manuscript is to describe and analyze the different cellular and molecular agents involved in the pathogenesis of Drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Method: A literature search of the MEDLINE/PubMed database was conducted to identify the mechanisms involved in the process of drug-induced gingival overgrowth, with the assistance of a research librarian. We present several causal hypotheses and discuss the advances in the understanding of the mechanisms that trigger this gingival alteration. Results: In vitro studies have revealed phenotypic cellular changes in keratinocytes and fibroblasts and an increase of the extracellular matrix with collagen and glycosaminoglycans. Drug-induced gingival overgrowth confirms the key role of collagenase and integrins, membrane receptors present in the fibroblasts, due to their involvement in the catabolism of collagen. The three drug categories implicated: calcineuron inhibitors (immunosuppressant drugs), calcium channel blocking agents and anticonvulsant drugs appear to present a multifactorial pathogenesis with a common molecular action: the blockage of the cell membrane in the Ca2+/Na+ ion flow. The alteration of the uptake of cellular folic acid, which depends on the regulated channels of active cationic transport and on passive diffusion, results in a dysfunctional degradation of the connective tissue. Certain intermediate molecules such as cytokines and prostaglandins play a role in this pathological mechanism. The concomitant inflammatory factor encourages the appearance of fibroblasts, which leads to gingival fibrosis. Susceptibility to gingival overgrowth in some fibroblast subpopulations is due to phenotypic variability and genetic polymorphism, as shown by the increase in the synthesis of molecules related to the response of the gingival tissue to inducing drugs. The authors present a diagram depicting various mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Conclusion: Individual predisposition, tissue inflammation, and molecular changes in response to the inducing drug favor the clinical manifestation of gingival overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ramírez-Rámiz
- Department of Odontostomatology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Brunet-LLobet
- Department of Dentistry. Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Déu. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Lahor-Soler
- Department of Odontostomatology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Miranda-Rius
- Department of Odontostomatology. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ponnaiyan D, Jegadeesan V. Cyclosporine A: Novel concepts in its role in drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2016; 12:499-506. [PMID: 26759584 PMCID: PMC4696350 DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.170546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine is a selective immunosuppressant that has a variety of applications in medical practice. Like phenytoin and the calcium channel blockers, the drug is associated with gingival overgrowth. This review considers the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and unwanted effects of cyclosporine, in particular the action of the drug on the gingival tissues. In addition, elucidates the current concepts in mechanisms of cyclosporine-induced gingival overgrowth. Clinical and cell culture studies suggest that the mechanism of gingival overgrowth is a result of the interaction between the drug and its metabolites with susceptible gingival fibroblasts. Plaque-induced gingival inflammation appears to enhance this interaction. However, understanding of the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth is incomplete at best. Hence, it would be pertinent to identify and explore possible risk factors relating to both prevalence and severity of drug-induced gingival overgrowth. Newer molecular approaches are needed to clearly establish the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth and to provide novel information for the design of future preventive and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Ponnaiyan
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Dental College and Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Visakan Jegadeesan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MIOT Hospitals, Manapakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Synergistic Costimulatory Effect of Chlamydia pneumoniae with Carbon Nanoparticles on NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Interleukin-1β Secretion in Macrophages. Infect Immun 2015; 83:2917-25. [PMID: 25939513 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02968-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae is not only a causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia but is also associated with a more serious chronic disease, asthma, which might be exacerbated by air pollution containing carbon nanoparticles. Although a detailed mechanism of exacerbation remains unknown, the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a critical player in the pathogenesis of asthma. C. pneumoniae induces IL-1β in macrophages via NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) stimulation. Carbon nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), can also evoke the NLRP3 inflammasome to trigger IL-1β secretion from lipopolysaccharide-primed macrophages. This study assessed whether costimulation of C. pneumoniae with CNTs synergistically enhanced IL-1β secretion from macrophages, and determined the molecular mechanism involved. Enhanced IL-1β secretion from C. pneumoniae-infected macrophages by CNTs was dose and time dependent. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that C. pneumoniae and CNTs were engulfed concurrently by macrophages. Inhibitors of actin polymerization or caspase-1, a component of the inflammasome, significantly blocked IL-1β secretion. Gene silencing using small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the NLRP3 gene also abolished IL-1β secretion. Other inhibitors (K(+) efflux inhibitor, cathepsin B inhibitor, and reactive oxygen species-generating inhibitor) also blocked IL-1β secretion. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that CNTs synergistically enhanced IL-1β secretion from C. pneumoniae-infected macrophages via the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 activation, providing novel insight into our understanding of how C. pneumoniae infection can exacerbate asthma.
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Ishida K, Matsuo J, Yamamoto Y, Yamaguchi H. Chlamydia pneumoniae effector chlamydial outer protein N sequesters fructose bisphosphate aldolase A, providing a benefit to bacterial growth. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:330. [PMID: 25528659 PMCID: PMC4302594 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens and have adapted successfully to human cells, causing sexually transmitted diseases or pneumonia. Chlamydial outer protein N (CopN) is likely a critical effector protein secreted by the type III secretion system in chlamydiae, which manipulates host cells. However, the mechanisms of its action remain to be clarified. In this work, we aimed to identify previously unidentified CopN effector target in host cells. Results We first performed a pull-down assay with recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion CopN proteins (GST–CpCopN: Chlamydia pneumoniae TW183, GST–CtCopN: Chlamydia trachomatis D/UW-3/CX) as “bait” and soluble lysates obtained from human immortal epithelial HEp-2 cells as “prey”, followed by SDS-PAGE with mass spectroscopy (MS). We found that a host cell protein specifically bound to GST–CpCopN, but not GST–CtCopN. MS revealed the host protein to be fructose bisphosphate aldolase A (aldolase A), which plays a key role in glycolytic metabolism. We also confirmed the role of aldolase A in chlamydia-infected HEp-2 cells by using two distinct experiments for gene knockdown with an siRNA specific to aldolase A transcripts, and for assessment of glycolytic enzyme gene expression levels. As a result, both the numbers of chlamydial inclusion-forming units and RpoD transcripts were increased in the chlamydia-infected aldolase A knockdown cells, as compared with the wild-type HEp-2 cells. Meanwhile, chlamydial infection tended to enhance expression of aldolase A. Conclusions We discovered that one of the C. pneumoniae CopN targets is the glycolytic enzyme aldolase A. Sequestering aldolase A may be beneficial to bacterial growth in infected host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Ishida
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan. .,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Yoshimasa Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Osaka, Japan. .,Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
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Effect of Ureaplasma parvum co-incubation on Chlamydia trachomatis maturation in human epithelial HeLa cells treated with interferon-γ. J Infect Chemother 2014; 20:460-4. [PMID: 24855914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes a sexually transmitted disease. Ureaplasma parvum is commensal in the human genital tract, with a minimal contribution to urogenital infection. We have recently found that U. parvum has a significant effect on the presence of C. trachomatis in the genital tract of healthy women. We therefore assessed the effect of U. parvum co-incubation on C. trachomatis maturation from reticulate bodies (RBs) to elementary bodies (EBs) in HeLa cells in the absence or presence of interferon (IFN)-γ, which is a critical host defense factor. IFN-γ stimulation of viable U. parvum significantly prompted chlamydial growth with an increase in infectious particles, EBs, in HeLa cells. IFN-γ treatment of killed U. parvum had a similar effect on C. trachomatis maturation in HeLa cells. There was no change in expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in cultures of viable or killed U. parvum. We concluded that U. parvum co-incubation by IFN-γ helped C. trachomatis to mature from RBs to EBs in HeLa cells, independent of IDO expression. This suggests a novel survival strategy of C. trachomatis against IFN-γ exposure, prompting secondary infection of the genital mucosa, with possible clinical implications.
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Trivedi A, Bhavsar N, Jathal B. Double drug abuse in renal transplant patient – A case report. INDIAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijt.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Kobayashi M, Ishida K, Matsuo J, Nakamura S, Nagasawa A, Motohashi K, Yao T, Hirai I, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki H, Shimizu C, Matsuno K, Yamaguchi H. Chlamydophila pneumoniae attachment and infection in low proteoglycan expressing human lymphoid Jurkat cells. Microb Pathog 2011; 51:209-16. [PMID: 21511028 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the proteoglycan (PG)-dependent mechanism of Chlamydophila pneumoniae attachment to lymphocytic cells. Lymphoid Jurkat cells and epithelial HEp-2 cells were statically infected with C. pneumoniae (TW183). Transmission electron microscopy and assessment of inclusion-forming units indicated that the bacteria grew normally in Jurkat cells and were capable of producing secondary infection; however, they grew at a slower rate than in HEp-2 cells. RT-PCR analysis indicated that HEp-2 cells strongly expressed PG-core protein encoding genes, thereby sustaining glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as heparin, on the cellular surface. Similar gene expression levels were not observed in Jurkat cells, with the exception of glypican-1. Immunofluorescence analysis also supported strong heparin expression in HEp-2 cells and minimal expression in Jurkat cells, although heparan sulfate pretreatment significantly inhibited bacterial attachment to both cell types. Immunofluorescent co-staining with antibodies against chlamydial LPS and heparin did not identify bacterial and heparin co-localization on Jurkat cells. We also confirmed that when C. pneumoniae was statically infected to human CD4(+) peripheral blood lymphocytes known not expressing detectable level of heparin, the bacteria attached to and formed inclusion bodies in the cells. Thus, the attachment mechanism of C. pneumoniae to Jurkat cells with low PG expression is unique when compared with HEp-2 cells and potentially independent of GAGs such as heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
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