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Yamazaki T, Matsuo J. Mutation frequency of Escherichia coli isolated from river water: potential role in the development of antimicrobial resistance. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:651-656. [PMID: 33756093 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria acquire genetic variations that help them to adapt to stressful environmental conditions, and these changes may be associated with the development of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we investigated the mutation frequencies of 270 isolates of Escherichia coli from river water, which represents a relatively unstressful environment. As we predicted, mutation frequencies of the E. coli isolates ranged from <1 × 10-11 to 6.3 × 10-8 (median, 1.7 × 10-9), and a strong mutator (≥ 4 × 10-7) was not detected. To better understand the role of mutation frequency in the development of antimicrobial resistance, we assessed antimicrobial sensitivity after exposure of the E. coli isolates to subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin, as a surrogate for stress. We found that antimicrobial resistance increased in bacteria with a low mutation frequency after exposure, and the relative increase in antimicrobial resistance generally increased, depending on the mutation frequency. Thus, mutation frequency may contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yamazaki
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ainosato 2-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 002-8072, Japan.,School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ainosato 2-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 002-8072, Japan
| | - Junji Matsuo
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ainosato 2-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 002-8072, Japan.,School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ainosato 2-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 002-8072, Japan
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2
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Okude M, Matsuo J, Yamazaki T, Saito K, Furuta Y, Nakamura S, Thapa J, Okubo T, Higashi H, Yamaguchi H. Distribution of amoebal endosymbiotic environmental chlamydia Neochlamydia S13 via amoebal cytokinesis. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:115-124. [PMID: 33368645 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We previously isolated a symbiotic environmental amoeba, harboring an environmental chlamydia, Neochlamydia S13. Interestingly, this bacterium failed to survive outside of host cells and was immediately digested inside other amoebae, indicating bacterial distribution via cytokinesis. This may provide a model for understanding organelle development and chlamydial pathogenesis and evolution; therefore, we assessed our hypothesis of Neochlamydia S13 distribution via cytokinesis by comparative analysis with other environmental Chlamydiae (Protochlamydia R18 and Parachlamydia Bn9 ). Dual staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and phalloidin revealed that the progeny of Neochlamydia S13 and Protochlamydia R18 existed in both daughter cells with a contractile ring on the verge of separation. However, in contrast to other environmental Chlamydiae, little Neochlamydia S13 16S ribosomal DNA was amplified from the culture supernatant. Interestingly, Neochlamydia S13 failed to infect aposymbiotic amoebae, indicating an intimate interaction with the host cells. Furthermore, its infectious rates in cultures expanded from a single amoeba were always maintained at 100%, indicating distribution via cytokinesis. We concluded that unlike other environmental Chlamydiae, Neochlamydia S13 has a unique ability to divide its progeny only via host amoebal cytokinesis. This may be a suitable model to elucidate the mechanism of cell organelle distribution and of chlamydial pathogenesis and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Okude
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamazaki
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Saito
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Furuta
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Hori H, Matsuo J, Teraishi T, Sasayama D, Kawamoto Y, Kinoshita Y, Ota M, Hattori K, Kunugi H. Moderating effect of schizotypy on the relationship between smoking and neurocognition. Eur Psychiatry 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPurposeSmoking rates in schizotypic individuals are shown to be elevated, as in patients with schizophrenia, although findings on the association of smoking with different symptomatology of schizotypy have been mixed. Moreover, possible moderating effects of schizotypy on the relationship between smoking and cognition have not been well documented.Subjects and methodsThe Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and the full version of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) were administered to 501 healthy adults. Subjects were divided into smokers (n = 85) and non-smokers (n = 416) based on the presence/absence of current smoking.ResultsThe analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on the three factor scores as well as the total score of the SPQ, controlling for age and gender, revealed that cognitive-perceptual factor was significantly associated with an increased rate of smoking (P = 0.048). The ANCOVA on the WMS-R indices, with smoking group as a fixed factor and age, gender and total SPQ score as covariates, revealed that the schizotypy-by-smoking interaction was significant for attention/working memory (P = 0.029).Discussion and conclusionPositive schizotypy may be associated with more smoking. Schizotypy and smoking could interact with each other to negatively affect attention/working memory.
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Yamamura A, Matsuo J, Lim Yi Hui M, Liana Heng D, Kofu K, Md Z, Douchi D, Yeoh K, Kamei T, Naitoh T, Osato M, Unno M, Ito Y. Chief cell in stomach have stem cell activity and potential to develop gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz422.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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5
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Yano R, Okubo T, Shimoda T, Matsuo J, Yamaguchi H. A simple and short microbiology practical improves undergraduate nursing students' awareness of bacterial traits and ability to avoid spreading infections. BMC Med Educ 2019; 19:53. [PMID: 30744704 PMCID: PMC6371615 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-019-1483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses are responsible for implementing appropriate measures to reduce hospital infections, especially with multidrug resistant bacteria, so nursing students should learn about microbiology. This helps them to understand bacterial dissemination and infectious disease control. Because of tight schedules, however, its teaching is limited in undergraduate nursing classes in Japan. We therefore tested whether a simple short practical session in a microbiology class could help to improve undergraduate nursing students' awareness of bacterial traits and how to prevent infections. METHODS This study involved second-grade nursing students (n = 76). Two short practical sessions (a total of 3 h, across 2 days) were used to assess the effectiveness of washing or disinfection on hand bacteria in a 16-class microbiology course (total class time was 24 h, plus an exam). Hand bacteria were sampled on LB agar plates with orientation during the first half-day, and the plates examined for colonies with distinct color or morphological traits, and discussed, in the second session, a week later. Questionnaires before and after the exercise were used to assess changes in awareness of unseen bacteria inhabiting around us connecting bacterial traits and how to prevent infections. RESULTS The results showed that the practical increased the nursing students' awareness of fomites (utensils) (p = 0.0115), fomites (contact-based) (p = 0.0016), habitats (body surface) (p = 0.0127), action facilitating hospital infection (p = 0.0166), and changes in physical condition caused by bacterial infections (p = 0.0136). There were no changes in word associations (p = 0.627) or habitats (inside body) (p = 0.308). Difficulty score, which is an element in questionnaire psychometric properties, tended to be close to the expected score through the practical, but not statistical significant. In addition, regardless of before or after practical, Cronbach α score, which is an indicator of the reliability among items of multi-choice questions, showed > 0.8, indicating validity of evaluation items. Thus, the student's awareness of unseen bacteria inhabiting around us was significantly increased as compared to those before practical in microbiology class. CONCLUSIONS The simple short practical effectively improved nursing students' awareness of unseen bacteria inhabiting around us in microbiology course, useful for even tight teaching schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Yano
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812 Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shimoda
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812 Japan
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Matsuo J, Sakai K, Okubo T, Yamaguchi H. Chlamydia pneumoniaeenhances Interleukin 8 (IL-8) production with reduced azithromycin sensitivity under hypoxia. APMIS 2019; 127:131-138. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kohei Sakai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science; Faculty of Health Sciences; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
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7
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Matsushita M, Okubo T, Hasegawa T, Matsuo J, Watanabe T, Iwasaki S, Fukumoto T, Hayasaka K, Akizawa K, Shimizu C, Yamaguchi H. Tetrahymena promotes interactive transfer of carbapenemase gene encoded in plasmid between fecal Escherichia coli and environmental Aeromonas caviae. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 62:720-728. [PMID: 30357893 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahymena can facilitate plasmid transfer among Escherichia coli or from E. coli to Salmonella Enteritidis via vesicle accumulation. In this study, whether ciliates promote the interactive transfer of plasmids encoding blaIMP-1 between fecal E. coli and environmental Aeromonas caviae was investigated. Both bacteria were mixed with or without ciliates and incubated overnight at 30°C. The frequency of plasmid-acquired bacteria was estimated by colony counts using an agar plate containing ceftazidim (CAZ) followed by determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Cultures containing ciliates interactively transferred the plasmid between E. coli and Aeromonas with a frequency of 10-4 to 10-5 . All plasmid-acquired bacteria showed a MIC against CAZ of >128 μg/mL and the plasmid transfer was confirmed by PCR amplification of the blaIMP-1 gene. Fluorescent observation showed that both bacteria accumulated in the same vesicle and that transwell sequestering significantly decreased the transfer frequency. Although ciliates preferentially ingested E. coli rather than A. caviae, both bacteria were co-localized into the same vesicles of ciliates, indicating that their meeting is associated with the gene transfer. Thus, ciliates interactively promote plasmid transfer between E. coli and A. caviae. The results of this study will facilitate control of the spread of multiple-antibiotic resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizue Matsushita
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takaki Hasegawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takanori Watanabe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sumio Iwasaki
- Hokkaido University Hospital, Nishi-5 Kita-14 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fukumoto
- Hokkaido University Hospital, Nishi-5 Kita-14 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Kasumi Hayasaka
- Hokkaido University Hospital, Nishi-5 Kita-14 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Kozi Akizawa
- Hokkaido University Hospital, Nishi-5 Kita-14 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Chikara Shimizu
- Hokkaido University Hospital, Nishi-5 Kita-14 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
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Sato H, Yamamura A, Matsuo J, Hossain Z, Osato M, Naitoh T, Kamei T, Unno M, Ito Y. Runx1 enhancer element marks stem/progenitor cells in pancreas and can be an origin of cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy432.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yamaguchi Y, Okubo T, Matsushita M, Wataji M, Iwasaki S, Hayasaka K, Akizawa K, Matsuo J, Shimizu C, Yamaguchi H. Analysis of adult damselfly fecal material aids in the estimation of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacterales contamination of the local environment. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5755. [PMID: 30356992 PMCID: PMC6195115 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Because damselflies are ubiquitously but focally present in natural environments and play a critical role as predators of other insect species, the fecal matter of damselflies may be useful for investigating antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations, including human pathogens, in local environments. We therefore examined the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Enterobacterales, in fecal material from 383 damselflies (adults and larvae) collected from seven locations around Sapporo City, Japan, in 2016 and 2017. Fecal samples were plated on soybean casein digest (SCD) agar plates with and without antibiotics (SCD-A and SCD-w/o, respectively) to identify environmental bacteria and gut bacteria, respectively, and on MacConkey agar plates with antibiotics (MacConkey-A) to select for Gram-negative bacteria, including human pathogenic Enterobacterales species. The prevalence of colonies on each of the plates was compared, and representative colonies on MacConkey-A plates were identified to the species level using an API 20E kit and the MALDI Biotyper system. Overall, SCD-w/o plates showed a gut bacterial load of approximately 108 colony-forming units per adult damselfly or larva. There was a significant difference between the prevalence of colonies on the SCD-A and MacConkey-A plates, and a significantly increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria on MacConkey-A plates was observed in samples collected from Shinoroshinkawa. Cluster analysis based on minimum inhibitory concentration values of 59 representative isolates from MacConkey-A agar plates revealed that samples from Shinoroshinkawa contained a higher prevalence of Enterobacterales than those from other sampling locations. Thus, fecal materials discharged by adult damselflies could be used in future studies as a simple tool for estimating antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Enterobacterales species, in the local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yamaguchi
- Hokkaido Sapporo Asahigaoka Senior High School, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mizue Matsushita
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masashi Wataji
- Hokkaido Sapporo Asahigaoka Senior High School, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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10
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Matsuo J, Haga S, Hashimoto K, Okubo T, Ozawa T, Ozaki M, Yamaguchi H. Activation of caspase-3 during Chlamydia trachomatis-induced apoptosis at a late stage. Can J Microbiol 2018; 65:135-143. [PMID: 30336068 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis activates the host cell apoptosis pathway at a late stage of its developmental cycle. However, whether caspase-3, which is a key enzyme of apoptosis, is activated in Chlamydia-infected cells remains unknown. Here, we established HEp-2 cells stably expressing cFluc-DEVD, which is a caspase-3 substrate sequence inserted into cyclic firefly luciferase, and then monitored the dynamics of caspase-3 activity in cells infected with Chlamydia. Transfected cells without infection showed a significant increase in luciferase activity due to stimulation with staurosporine, an inducer of apoptosis. Activation was significantly blocked by addition of caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Furthermore, as expected, Chlamydia infection caused a significant increase in luciferase activation at 36-48 h postinfection with a contrastive decrease at 24 h postinfection, which is already well known. Such activation caused by the infection was much stronger when the amount of bacteria was increased. Thus, caspase-3 activation was accurately monitored by the luciferase activity in HEp-2 cells constitutively expressing the cFluc-DEVD probe. Furthermore, our data showed that C. trachomatis activates caspase-3 in host cells at a late stage of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Matsuo
- a Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Sanae Haga
- b Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kent Hashimoto
- a Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- a Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- c Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Michitaka Ozaki
- b Department of Biological Response and Regulation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- a Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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Taki K, Watanabe T, Matsuo J, Sakai K, Okubo T, Matsushita M, Abe K, Minami K, Yamaguchi H. Impact of bacterial traces belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae on the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in women visiting a community hospital in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2018; 24:815-821. [PMID: 30082190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We explored the bacteria present in the vaginal microbiota facilitating the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in women visiting a community hospital in Sapporo, Japan, by amplicon sequencing. A total of 273 cervical swab samples were collected, and bacterial vaginosis was evaluated in all specimens by assessment of the Nugent score. In 16 of the samples, bacterial 16S rDNA could not be detected and they were therefore omitted from subsequent experiments (n = 257). A significant negative correlation was observed between the Nugent scores and the amount of Lactobacillus 16S rDNA. Among the 257 samples, chlamydial plasmid was detected in 20 samples and was used for amplicon sequencing. No significant association between the Nugent score and the prevalence of C. trachomatis was detected. Based on the results of chlamydial plasmid detection and the Nugent score, chlamydia-negative samples (n = 27) were randomly selected. Finally, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) obtained from amplicon sequencing was compared between chlamydia-positive (n = 20) and -negative samples (n = 27), revealing that a significant difference was only detected for the OTU numbers of Enterobacteriaceae between the C. trachomatis-positive and -negative groups. However, almost all of the samples utilized for amplicon sequencing failed to grow on MacConkey agar plates and produce indole. Taken together, we concluded that traces of bacteria, not live bacteria, belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae indicated the flow of bacteria through the anogenital route along with gut indole, and the resulting impact on the prevalence of C. trachomatis in the cervicogenital tract of women in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Taki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Takanori Watanabe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Kouhei Sakai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Mizue Matsushita
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Kiyotaka Abe
- Toho Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Higashi-15, Kita-17 Jo, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, 065-0017, Japan.
| | - Kunihiro Minami
- Toho Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Higashi-15, Kita-17 Jo, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, 065-0017, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
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Watanabe T, Yamazaki S, Maita C, Matushita M, Matsuo J, Okubo T, Yamaguchi H. Lateral Gene Transfer Between Protozoa-Related Giant Viruses of Family Mimiviridae and Chlamydiae. Evol Bioinform Online 2018; 14:1176934318788337. [PMID: 30038484 PMCID: PMC6050620 DOI: 10.1177/1176934318788337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obligate intracellular chlamydiae diverged into pathogenic and environmental
chlamydiae 0.7-1.4 billion years ago. While pathogenic chlamydiae have adapted
to a wide range of vertebrates, environmental chlamydiae inhabit unicellular
amoebae, the free-living Acanthamoeba. However, how and why
this divergence occurred remains unclear. Meanwhile, giant viruses consisting of
protozoa-related and protozoa-unrelated viruses have been discovered, with the
former group being suggested to have more influenced environmental chlamydiae
during their evolution while cohabiting host amoebae. Against this background,
we attempted to visualize genes of giant viruses in chlamydial genomes by
bioinformatic analysis mainly with comparative genome and phylogenic analysis,
seeking genes present in chlamydiae that are specifically shared with
protozoa-related giant viruses. As a result, in contrast to protozoa-unrelated
giant viruses, the genes of protozoa-related giant viruses were significantly
shared in both the chlamydia genomes depending on the giant virus type. In
particular, the prevalence of Mimiviridae genes among the
protozoa-related giant virus genes in chlamydial genomes was significantly high.
Meanwhile, the prevalence of protozoa-related giant virus genes in pathogenic
chlamydia genomes was consistently higher than those of environmental
chlamydiae; the actual number of sequences similar to giant virus was also
significantly predominant compared with those in the environmental chlamydial
genomes. Among them, the most prevalent of giant virus was in the case of
chlamydiae with Megavirus chiliensis; total of 1338 genes of
the chlamydiae were found to be shared with the virus (444 genes specific to
environmental chlamydiae, 892 genes shared between both chlamydiae, only two
genes in the pathogenic chlamydiae). Phylogenic analysis with most prevalent
sets (Megavirus chiliensis and Protochlamydia
EI2 or Chlamydia trachomatis L2 434Bu) showed the presence of
orthologs between these with several clustered. In addition, Pearson’s single
regression analysis revealed that almost the prevalence of the genes from the
giant viruses in chlamydial genomes was negatively and specifically correlated
with the number of chlamydial open reading frames (ORFs). Thus, these results
indicated the trace of lateral gene transfer between protozoa-related giant
viruses of family Mimiviridae and chlamydiae. This is the first
demonstration of a putative linkage between chlamydiae and the giant viruses,
providing us with a hint to understand chlamydial evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Watanabe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumire Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Maita
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mizue Matushita
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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13
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Okubo T, Matsushita M, Nakamura S, Matsuo J, Nagai H, Yamaguchi H. Acanthamoeba S13WT relies on its bacterial endosymbiont to backpack human pathogenic bacteria and resist Legionella infection on solid media. Environ Microbiol Rep 2018; 10:344-354. [PMID: 29611898 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil-borne amoeba Acanthamoeba S13WT has an endosymbiotic relationship with an environmental Neochlamydia bacterial strain. However, regardless of extensive experiments in liquid media, the biological advantage of the symbiosis remained elusive. We therefore explored the role of the endosymbiont in predator-prey interactions on solid media. A mixed culture of the symbiotic or aposymbiotic amoebae and GFP-expressing Escherichia coli or Salmonella Enteritidis was spotted onto the centre of a LB or B-CYE agar plate preinoculated with a ring of mCherry-expressing Legionella pneumophila (Legionella 'wall'). The spread of the amoebae on the plate was assessed using a fluorescence imaging system or scanning electron microscopy. As a result, in contrast to the aposymbiotic amoebae, the symbiotic amoebae backpacked these GFP-expressing bacteria and formed flower-like fluorescence patterns in an anticlockwise direction. Other bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia), but not Staphylococcus aureus, were also backpacked by the symbiotic amoebae on LB agar, although lacked the movement to anticlockwise direction. Furthermore, in contrast to the aposymbiotic amoebae, the symbiotic amoebae backpacking the E. coli broke through the Legionella 'wall' on B-CYE agar plates. Thus, we concluded that Acanthamoeba S13WT required the Neochlamydia endosymbiont to backpack human pathogenic bacteria and resist Legionella infection on solid agar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mizue Matsushita
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- Department of Microbiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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14
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Matsuo J, Nakamura S, Okubo T, Fukui M, Yamaguchi H. Long-term survival of Naegleria polaris from Antarctica after 10 years of storage at 4 °C. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:937-941. [PMID: 29380051 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A free-living amoeba, Naegleria is ubiquitously distributed in various natural environments. Since some Naegleria spp. are exclusively distributed in the Arctic and sub-Antarctic regions, we hypothesized that the amoeba may be useful to determine long-term survival of Naegleria in laboratory conditions at 4 °C. The main objective of the study is to determine that a species of an environmental amoebal isolated can live at low temperatures after a long time. Here, we therefore show long-term survival of an amoeba, Naegleria polaris isolated from a sediment sample, which was collected from Antarctica 10 years ago, and since stored at 4 °C. The sample was put on non-nutrient agar plates with heat-killed Escherichia coli, and then the plate was incubated at 4, 15, or 30 °C. Motile amoebae were seen only when the plate was incubated at 15 °C. The sequencing of ribosomal DNA including internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2 region revealed the amoebae to be N. polaris, which is exclusively distributed in the Arctic and sub-Antarctic regions. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed that no typical sucker-like structure was seen on the surface of N. polaris, but the cysts were similar to those of Naegleria fowleri. Thus, our result shows, for the first time, that N. polaris can survive after 10 years of storage at 4 °C. This finding may help us understand the still undescribed effects of environmental samples on viability of amoebae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukui
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, North-19, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0819, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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15
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Maita C, Matsushita M, Miyoshi M, Okubo T, Nakamura S, Matsuo J, Takemura M, Miyake M, Nagai H, Yamaguchi H. Amoebal endosymbiont Neochlamydia protects host amoebae against Legionella pneumophila infection by preventing Legionella entry. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:236-244. [PMID: 29317310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba isolated from environmental soil harbors the obligate intracellular symbiont Neochlamydia, which has a critical role in host amoebal defense against Legionella pneumophila infection. Here, by using morphological analysis with confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, proteome analyses with two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and transcriptome analysis with DNA microarray, we explored the mechanism by which the Neochlamydia affected this defense. We observed that when rare uptake did occur, the symbiotic amoebae allowed Legionella to grow normally. However, the symbiotic amoebae had severely reduced uptake of Legionella when compared with the aposymbiotic amoebae. Also, in contrast to amoebae carrying the endosymbiont, the actin cytoskeleton was significantly disrupted by Legionella infection in aposymbiotic amoebae. Furthermore, despite Legionella exposure, there was little change in Neochlamydia gene expression. Taken together, we concluded that the endosymbiont, Neochlamydia prevents Legionella entry to the host amoeba, resulting in the host defense against Legionella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinatsu Maita
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Mizue Matsushita
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Miyoshi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Masaharu Takemura
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science (RIKADAI), Kagurazaka 1-3, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan.
| | - Masaki Miyake
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- Gifu University School of Medicine, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City, 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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16
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Okubo T, Osaki T, Nozaki E, Uemura A, Sakai K, Matushita M, Matsuo J, Nakamura S, Kamiya S, Yamaguchi H. Walker occupancy has an impact on changing airborne bacterial communities in an underground pedestrian space, as small-dust particles increased with raising both temperature and humidity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184980. [PMID: 28922412 PMCID: PMC5602640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although human occupancy is a source of airborne bacteria, the role of walkers on bacterial communities in built environments is poorly understood. Therefore, we visualized the impact of walker occupancy combined with other factors (temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, dust particles) on airborne bacterial features in the Sapporo underground pedestrian space in Sapporo, Japan. Air samples (n = 18; 4,800L/each sample) were collected at 8:00 h to 20:00 h on 3 days (regular sampling) and at early morning / late night (5:50 h to 7:50 h / 22:15 h to 24:45 h) on a day (baseline sampling), and the number of CFUs (colony forming units) OTUs (operational taxonomic units) and other factors were determined. The results revealed that temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure changed with weather. The number of walkers increased greatly in the morning and evening on each regular sampling day, although total walker numbers did not differ significantly among regular sampling days. A slight increase in small dust particles (0.3–0.5μm) was observed on the days with higher temperature regardless of regular or baseline sampling. At the period on regular sampling, CFU levels varied irregularly among days, and the OTUs of 22-phylum types were observed, with the majority being from Firmicutes or Proteobacteria (γ-), including Staphylococcus sp. derived from human individuals. The data obtained from regular samplings reveled that although no direct interaction of walker occupancy and airborne CFU and OTU features was observed upon Pearson's correlation analysis, cluster analysis indicated an obvious lineage consisting of walker occupancy, CFU numbers, OTU types, small dust particles, and seasonal factors (including temperature and humidity). Meanwhile, at the period on baseline sampling both walker and CFU numbers were similarly minimal. Taken together, the results revealed a positive correlation of walker occupancy with airborne bacteria that increased with increases in temperature and humidity in the presence of airborne small particles. Moreover, the results indicated that small dust particles at high temperature and humidity may be a crucial factor responsible for stabilizing the bacteria released from walkers in built environments. The findings presented herein advance our knowledge and understanding of the relationship between humans and bacterial communities in built environments, and will help improve public health in urban communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takako Osaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Nozaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Uemura
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Sakai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mizue Matushita
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kamiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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17
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Masuda S, Shimizu S, Matsuo J, Nishibata Y, Kusunoki Y, Hattanda F, Shida H, Nakazawa D, Tomaru U, Atsumi T, Ishizu A. Measurement of NET formation in vitro and in vivo by flow cytometry. Cytometry A 2017; 91:822-829. [PMID: 28715618 PMCID: PMC5601186 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular chromatin fibers adorned with antimicrobial proteins, such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), which are extruded from activated neutrophils. NETosis is the metamorphosis of neutrophils with NET formation that follows decondensation of DNA and rupture of the plasma membrane. Although NETs play important roles in innate immunity, excessive formation of NETs can be harmful to the hosts. Until now, various methods for evaluation of NETs have been reported. Although each has a virtue, the gold standard has not been established. Here we demonstrate a simple, objective, and quantitative method to detect NETs using flow cytometry. This method uses a plasma membrane‐impermeable DNA‐binding dye, SYTOX Green. SYTOX Green‐positive cells were detected in human peripheral polymorphonuclear cells exposed to a NET inducer, phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA). The number of SYTOX Green‐positive cells was increased depending on the exposure duration and concentrations of PMA. Furthermore, co‐localization of MPO and plasma membrane‐appendant DNA of SYTOX Green‐positive cells was demonstrated. Moreover, a NET inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium, could significantly reduce the number of SYTOX Green‐positive cells induced by PMA. The collective evidence suggests that SYTOX Green‐positive cells include neutrophils that formed NETs. The established method could detect neutrophils that underwent NETosis but not early apoptosis with equivalence in quantification to another well‐used image analysis, which is based on fluorescent staining. Additionally, NETs that were formed in vivo were also detectable by this method. It is conceivable that the established method will bring us better understanding of the relation between NETosis and human diseases. © 2017 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Masuda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sakika Shimizu
- Undergraduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuka Nishibata
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kusunoki
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattanda
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Haruki Shida
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daigo Nakazawa
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Utano Tomaru
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ishizu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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18
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Yano R, Shimoda T, Watanabe R, Kuroki Y, Okubo T, Nakamura S, Matsuo J, Yoshimura S, Yamaguchi H. Diversity changes of microbial communities into hospital surface environments. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:439-445. [PMID: 28431935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous works have demonstrated considerable variability in hospital cleanliness in Japan, suggesting that contamination is driven by factors that are currently poorly controlled. We undertook 16S rRNA sequence analysis to study population structures of hospital environmental microbiomes to see which factor(s) impacted contamination. One hundred forty-four samples were collected from surfaces of three hospitals with distinct sizes ("A": >500 beds, "B": 100-500 beds, "C": <100 beds). Sample locations of two ward types (Surgical and Internal) included patient room bed table (multiple) (4BT), patient overbed table (multiple) (4OT), patient room sink (multiple) (4S), patient room bed table (single) (SBT), patient overbed table (single) (SOT), patient room sink (single) (SS), nurse desk (ND), and nurse wagon (NW). Total DNA was extracted from each sample, and the 50 samples that yielded sufficient DNA were used for further 16S rRNA sequencing of hospital microbiome populations with cluster analysis. The number of assigned bacterial OTU populations was significantly decreased in hospital "C" compared to the other hospitals. Cluster analysis of sampling locations revealed that the population structure in almost all locations of hospital "C" and some locations in the other hospitals was very similar and unusually skewed with a family, Enterobacteriaceae. Interestingly, locations included patient area (4OT, 4BT, SBT) and nurse area (ND), with a device (NW) bridging the two and a place (4S and SS) shared between patients or visitors. We demonstrated diversity changes of hospital environmental microbiomes with a skewed population, presumably by medical staff pushing NWs or sinks shared by patients or visitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Yano
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Shimoda
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Reina Watanabe
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Yasutoshi Kuroki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Sadako Yoshimura
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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19
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Okubo T, Matushita M, Ohara Y, Matsuo J, Oguri S, Fukumoto T, Hayasaka K, Akizawa K, Shibuya H, Shimizu C, Yamaguchi H. Ciliates promote the transfer of a plasmid encoding blaNDM-5 from Escherichia coli, isolated from a hospital in Japan, to other human pathogens. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 49:387-388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Fukumoto T, Matsuo J, Okubo T, Nakamura S, Miyamoto K, Oka K, Takahashi M, Akizawa K, Shibuya H, Shimizu C, Yamaguchi H. Acanthamoeba containing endosymbiotic chlamydia isolated from hospital environments and its potential role in inflammatory exacerbation. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:292. [PMID: 27978822 PMCID: PMC5160005 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental chlamydiae belonging to the Parachlamydiaceae are obligate intracellular bacteria that infect Acanthamoeba, a free-living amoeba, and are a risk for hospital-acquired pneumonia. However, whether amoebae harboring environmental chlamydiae actually survive in hospital environments is unknown. We therefore isolated living amoebae with symbiotic chlamydiae from hospital environments. RESULTS One hundred smear samples were collected from Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan; 50 in winter (February to March, 2012) and 50 in summer (August, 2012), and used for the study. Acanthamoebae were isolated from the smear samples, and endosymbiotic chlamydial traits were assessed by infectivity, cytokine induction, and draft genomic analysis. From these, 23 amoebae were enriched on agar plates spread with heat-killed Escherichia coli. Amoeba prevalence was greater in the summer-collected samples (15/30, 50%) than those of the winter season (8/30, 26.7%), possibly indicating a seasonal variation (p = 0.096). Morphological assessment of cysts revealed 21 amoebae (21/23, 91%) to be Acanthamoeba, and cultures in PYG medium were established for 11 of these amoebae. Three amoebae contained environmental chlamydiae; however, only one amoeba (Acanthamoeba T4) with an environmental chlamydia (Protochlamydia W-9) was shown the infectious ability to Acanthamoeba C3 (reference amoebae). While Protochlamydia W-9 could infect C3 amoeba, it failed to replicate in immortal human epithelial, although exposure of HEp-2 cells to living bacteria induced the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-8. Comparative genome analysis with KEGG revealed similar genomic features compared with other Protochlamydia genomes (UWE25 and R18), except for a lack of genes encoding the type IV secretion system. Interestingly, resistance genes associated with several antibiotics and toxic compounds were identified. CONCLUSION These findings are the first demonstration of the distribution in a hospital of a living Acanthamoeba carrying an endosymbiotic chlamydial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Fukumoto
- Hokkaido University Hospital, Nishi-5 Kita-14 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648 Japan
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812 Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812 Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421 Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyamoto
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-3-13-209, Minami, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0104 Japan
| | - Kentaro Oka
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-3-13-209, Minami, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0104 Japan
| | - Motomichi Takahashi
- Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-3-13-209, Minami, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0104 Japan
| | - Kouji Akizawa
- Hokkaido University Hospital, Nishi-5 Kita-14 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shibuya
- Hokkaido University Hospital, Nishi-5 Kita-14 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648 Japan
| | - Chikara Shimizu
- Hokkaido University Hospital, Nishi-5 Kita-14 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8648 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812 Japan
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21
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Oguri S, Hanawa T, Matsuo J, Ishida K, Yamazaki T, Nakamura S, Okubo T, Fukumoto T, Akizawa K, Shimizu C, Kamiya S, Yamaguchi H. Protozoal ciliate promotes bacterial autoinducer-2 accumulation in mixed culture with Escherichia coli. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2016; 61:203-10. [PMID: 26582290 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.61.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated conjugation of Escherichia coli into vacuoles of the protozoal ciliate (Tetrahymena thermophila). This indicated a possible role of ciliates in evoking bacterial quorum sensing, directly connecting bacterial survival via accumulation in the ciliate vacuoles. We therefore assessed if ciliates promoted bacterial autoinducer (AI)-2 accumulation with vacuole formation, which controls quorum sensing. E. coli AI-2 accumulation was significantly enhanced in the supernatants of a mixed culture of ciliates and bacteria, likely depending on ciliate density rather than bacterial concentration. As expected, AI-2 production was significantly correlated with vacuole formation. The experiment with E. coli luxS mutants showed that ciliates failed to enhance bacterial AI-2 accumulation, denying a nonspecific phenomenon. Fluorescence microscopy revealed accumulation of fragmented bacteria in ciliate vacuoles, and, more importantly, expulsion of the vacuoles containing disrupted bacteria into the culture supernatant. There was no increase in the expression of luxS (encoding AI-2) or ydgG (a transporter for controlling bacterial export of AI-2). We conclude that ciliates promote bacterial AI-2 accumulation in a mixed culture, via accumulation of disrupted bacteria in ciliate vacuoles followed by expulsion of the vacuoles, independently of luxS or ydgG gene induction. This is believed to be the first demonstration of a relationship between E. coli AI-2 dynamics and ciliates. In the natural environment, ciliate biotopes may provide a survival advantage to bacteria inhabiting such biotopes, via evoking quorum sensing.
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Suzuki K, Kusakari M, Fujii M, Seki T, Aoki T, Matsuo J. Development of Low-vacuum SIMS instruments with large cluster Ion beam. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Suzuki
- Department of Nuclear Engineering; Kyoto University; Uji, 611-0011 Kyoto Japan
| | - M. Kusakari
- Department of Nuclear Engineering; Kyoto University; Uji, 611-0011 Kyoto Japan
| | - M. Fujii
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center; Kyoto University; Uji, 611-0011 Kyoto Japan
| | - T. Seki
- Department of Nuclear Engineering; Kyoto University; Uji, 611-0011 Kyoto Japan
- SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Chiyoda 102-0075 Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Aoki
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo 615-8510 Kyoto Japan
- SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Chiyoda 102-0075 Tokyo Japan
| | - J. Matsuo
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center; Kyoto University; Uji, 611-0011 Kyoto Japan
- SENTAN, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Chiyoda 102-0075 Tokyo Japan
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Shimoda T, Yano R, Nakamura S, Yoshida M, Matsuo J, Yoshimura S, Yamaguchi H. ATP bioluminescence values are significantly different depending upon material surface properties of the sampling location in hospitals. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:807. [PMID: 26689425 PMCID: PMC4687287 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study into assessing hospital cleanliness in Japan by two common methods, ATP bioluminescence and the stamp agar method, revealed considerable variability in the data of both methods (BMC Research Notes, 7: 121, 2014). To investigate the reason(s) for the variability, we reanalyzed the data (n = 752) from the point of view of the material surface properties of sampling sites. METHODS Data obtained from surfaces with unknown properties and different purposes such as floor were omitted, and the remaining data (n = 488) were used for this study. The material surface properties on sampling sites were divided into six categories: melamine coated (n = 216), vinyl chloride (n = 16), stainless steel (n = 144), wood (n = 63), and acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene resin coated (n = 48). The data between individual material properties were compared. RESULTS The ATP values of high-touch places were significantly different depending on the type of surface, but no significant difference in stamp values between material properties was seen, indicating that in contrast to stamp values, ATP-accumulation more depends on the physical properties of the material surface such as electronic charges or roughness. To confirm this, we assessed a degree of roughness on vinyl chloride material surface (disutilized floor samples actually used for each of the hospitals) by observation with scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result, SEM observation similarly revealed considerable roughness on the materials, which may allow microbes to contaminate the materials without noticing it. CONCLUSION Material properties must be considered when evaluating hospital cleanliness with ATP values, and provide a strong warning into evaluating hospital cleanliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Shimoda
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Rika Yano
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mitsutaka Yoshida
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Sadako Yoshimura
- Department of Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
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Yamazaki T, Matsuo J, Takahashi S, Kumagai S, Shimoda T, Abe K, Minami K, Yamaguchi H. A characteristic of polymorphic membrane protein F of Chlamydia trachomatis isolated from male urogenital tracts in Japan. J Infect Chemother 2015; 21:842-8. [PMID: 26429774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although sexually transmitted disease due to Chlamydia trachomatis occurs similarly in both men and women, the female urogenital tract differs from that of males anatomically and physiologically, possibly leading to specific polymorphisms of the bacterial surface molecules. In the present study, we therefore characterized polymorphic features in a high-definition phylogenetic marker, polymorphic outer membrane protein (Pmp) F of C. trachomatis strains isolated from male urogenital tracts in Japan (Category: Japan-males, n = 12), when compared with those isolated from female cervical ducts in Japan (Category: Japan-females, n = 11), female cervical ducts in the other country (Category: Ref-females, n = 12) or homosexual male rectums in the other country (Category: Ref-males, n = 7), by general bioinformatics analysis tool with MAFFT software. As a result, phylogenetic reconstruction of the PmpF amino acid sequences showing three distinct clusters revealed that the Japan-males were limited into cluster 1 and 2, although there were only four clusters even though including an outgroup. Meanwhile, the phylogenetic distance values of PmpF passenger domain without hinge region, but not its full-length sequence, showed that the Japan-males were more stable and displayed less diversity when compared with the other categories, supported by the sequence conservation features. Thus, PmpF passenger domain is a useful phylogenetic maker, and the phylogenic features indicate that C. trachomatis strains isolated from male urogenital tracts in Japan may be unique, suggesting an adaptation depending on selective pressure, such as the presence or absence of microbial flora, furthermore possibly connecting to sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi Business Center Building, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shouta Kumagai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shimoda
- Fundamental Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Abe
- Toho Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Minami
- Toho Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Higashi-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Ishida K, Matsuo J, Yamamoto Y, Yamaguchi H. Chlamydia pneumoniae effector chlamydial outer protein N sequesters fructose bisphosphate aldolase A, providing a benefit to bacterial growth. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:330. [PMID: 25528659 PMCID: PMC4302594 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens and have adapted successfully to human cells, causing sexually transmitted diseases or pneumonia. Chlamydial outer protein N (CopN) is likely a critical effector protein secreted by the type III secretion system in chlamydiae, which manipulates host cells. However, the mechanisms of its action remain to be clarified. In this work, we aimed to identify previously unidentified CopN effector target in host cells. Results We first performed a pull-down assay with recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion CopN proteins (GST–CpCopN: Chlamydia pneumoniae TW183, GST–CtCopN: Chlamydia trachomatis D/UW-3/CX) as “bait” and soluble lysates obtained from human immortal epithelial HEp-2 cells as “prey”, followed by SDS-PAGE with mass spectroscopy (MS). We found that a host cell protein specifically bound to GST–CpCopN, but not GST–CtCopN. MS revealed the host protein to be fructose bisphosphate aldolase A (aldolase A), which plays a key role in glycolytic metabolism. We also confirmed the role of aldolase A in chlamydia-infected HEp-2 cells by using two distinct experiments for gene knockdown with an siRNA specific to aldolase A transcripts, and for assessment of glycolytic enzyme gene expression levels. As a result, both the numbers of chlamydial inclusion-forming units and RpoD transcripts were increased in the chlamydia-infected aldolase A knockdown cells, as compared with the wild-type HEp-2 cells. Meanwhile, chlamydial infection tended to enhance expression of aldolase A. Conclusions We discovered that one of the C. pneumoniae CopN targets is the glycolytic enzyme aldolase A. Sequestering aldolase A may be beneficial to bacterial growth in infected host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Ishida
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan. .,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Yoshimasa Yamamoto
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. .,Japan Science and Technology Agency/Japan International Cooperation Agency, Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (JST/JICA, SATREPS), Osaka, Japan. .,Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
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Ishida K, Sekizuka T, Hayashida K, Matsuo J, Takeuchi F, Kuroda M, Nakamura S, Yamazaki T, Yoshida M, Takahashi K, Nagai H, Sugimoto C, Yamaguchi H. Amoebal endosymbiont Neochlamydia genome sequence illuminates the bacterial role in the defense of the host amoebae against Legionella pneumophila. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95166. [PMID: 24747986 PMCID: PMC3991601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that the obligate intracellular amoebal endosymbiont Neochlamydia S13, an environmental chlamydia strain, has an amoebal infection rate of 100%, but does not cause amoebal lysis and lacks transferability to other host amoebae. The underlying mechanism for these observations remains unknown. In this study, we found that the host amoeba could completely evade Legionella infection. The draft genome sequence of Neochlamydia S13 revealed several defects in essential metabolic pathways, as well as unique molecules with leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and ankyrin domains, responsible for protein-protein interaction. Neochlamydia S13 lacked an intact tricarboxylic acid cycle and had an incomplete respiratory chain. ADP/ATP translocases, ATP-binding cassette transporters, and secretion systems (types II and III) were well conserved, but no type IV secretion system was found. The number of outer membrane proteins (OmcB, PomS, 76-kDa protein, and OmpW) was limited. Interestingly, genes predicting unique proteins with LRRs (30 genes) or ankyrin domains (one gene) were identified. Furthermore, 33 transposases were found, possibly explaining the drastic genome modification. Taken together, the genomic features of Neochlamydia S13 explain the intimate interaction with the host amoeba to compensate for bacterial metabolic defects, and illuminate the role of the endosymbiont in the defense of the host amoebae against Legionella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Ishida
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hayashida
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Yoshida
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Takahashi
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Watanabe R, Shimoda T, Yano R, Hayashi Y, Nakamura S, Matsuo J, Yamaguchi H. Visualization of hospital cleanliness in three Japanese hospitals with a tendency toward long-term care. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:121. [PMID: 24593868 PMCID: PMC3996023 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospital cleanliness in hospitals with a tendency toward long-term care in Japan remains unevaluated. We therefore visualized hospital cleanliness in Japan over a 2-month period by two distinct popular methods: ATP bioluminescence (ATP method) and the standard stamp agar method (stamp method). METHODS The surfaces of 752 sites within nurse and patient areas in three hospitals located in a central area of Sapporo, Japan were evaluated by the ATP and stamp methods, and each surface was sampled 8 times in 2 months. These areas were located in different ward units (Internal Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology). Detection limits for the ATP and stamp methods were determined by spike experiments with a diluted bacterial solution and a wipe test on student tables not in use during winter vacation, respectively. Values were expressed as the fold change over the detection limit, and a sample with a value higher than the detection limit by either method was defined as positive. RESULTS The detection limits were determined to be 127 relative light units (RLU) per 100 cm2 for the ATP method and 5.3 colony-forming units (CFU) per 10 cm2 for the stamp method. The positive frequency of the ATP and stamp methods was 59.8% (450/752) and 47.7% (359/752), respectively, although no significant difference in the positive frequency among the hospitals was seen. Both methods revealed the presence of a wide range of organic contamination spread via hand touching, including microbial contamination, with a preponderance on the entrance floor and in patient rooms. Interestingly, the data of both methods indicated considerable variability regardless of daily visual assessment with usual wiping, and positive surfaces were irregularly seen. Nurse areas were relatively cleaner than patient areas. Finally, there was no significant correlation between the number of patients or medical personnel in the hospital and organic or microbiological contamination. CONCLUSIONS Ongoing daily hospital cleanliness is not sufficient in Japanese hospitals with a tendency toward long-term care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan.
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Matsumoto M, Matsuo J, Dai M, Nishizawa T, Matsui K, Ichikawa Y, Okuwa M, Sugama J, Sanada H. Influence of differences in washing methods on skin texture. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:175-81. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Nursing; Division of Health Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - J. Matsuo
- Faculty of Nursing; Osaka Medicine College; Osaka Japan
| | - M. Dai
- School of Health Sciences; College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - T. Nishizawa
- School of Health Sciences; College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - K. Matsui
- School of Health Sciences; College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - Y. Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Nursing; Division of Health Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - M. Okuwa
- School of Health Sciences; College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - J. Sugama
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - H. Sanada
- Department of Gerontological Nursing and Wound Care Management; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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29
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Sampo A, Matsuo J, Yamane C, Yagita K, Nakamura S, Shouji N, Hayashi Y, Yamazaki T, Yoshida M, Kobayashi M, Ishida K, Yamaguchi H. High-temperature adapted primitive Protochlamydia found in Acanthamoeba isolated from a hot spring can grow in immortalized human epithelial HEp-2 cells. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:486-97. [PMID: 24460765 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate how ancient pathogenic chlamydiae could overcome temperature barriers to adapt to human cells, we characterized a primitive chlamydia found in HS-T3 amoebae (Acanthamoeba) isolated from a hot spring. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the primitive species to be Protochlamydia. In situ hybridization staining showed broad distribution into the amoebal cytoplasm, which was supported by transmission electron microscopic analysis showing typical chlamydial features, with inclusion bodies including both elementary and reticular bodies. Interestingly, although most amoebae isolated from natural environments show reduced growth at 37°C, the HS-T3 amoebae harbouring the Protochlamydia grew well at body temperature. Although infection with Protochlamydia did not confer temperature tolerance to the C3 amoebae, the number of infectious progenies rapidly increased at 37°C with amoebal lysis. In immortalized human epithelial HEp-2 cells, fluorescence microscopic study revealed atypical inclusion of the Protochlamydia, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses also showed an increase in 16S ribosomal RNA DNA amounts. Together, these results showed that the Protochlamydia found in HS-T3 amoebae isolated from a hot spring successfully adapted to immortalized human HEp-2 cells at 37°C, providing further information on the evolution of ancient Protochlamydia to the present pathogenic chlamydiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sampo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, North-12, West-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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Ishida K, Kubo T, Saeki A, Yamane C, Matsuo J, Yimin, Nakamura S, Hayashi Y, Kunichika M, Yoshida M, Takahashi K, Hirai I, Yamamoto Y, Shibata KI, Yamaguchi H. Chlamydophila pneumoniae in human immortal Jurkat cells and primary lymphocytes uncontrolled by interferon-γ. Microbes Infect 2013; 15:192-200. [PMID: 23178757 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes are a potential host cell for Chlamydophila pneumoniae, although why the bacteria must hide in lymphocytes remains unknown. Meanwhile, interferon (IFN)-γ is a crucial factor for eliminating chlamydiae from infected cells through indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression, resulting in depletion of tryptophan. We therefore assessed if lymphocytes could work as a shelter for the bacteria to escape IFN-γ. C. pneumoniae grew normally in human lymphoid Jurkat cells, even in the presence of IFN-γ or under stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate plus ionomycin. Although Jurkat cells expressed IFN-γ receptor CD119, their lack of IDO expression was confirmed by RT-PCR and western blotting. Also, C. pneumoniae survived in enriched human peripheral blood lymphocytes, even in the presence of IFN-γ. Furthermore, C. pneumoniae in spleen cells obtained from IFN-γ knockout mice with C57BL/6 background was maintained in a similar way to wild-type mice, supporting a minimal role of IFN-γ-related response for eliminating C. pneumoniae from lymphocytes. Thus, we concluded that IFN-γ did not remove C. pneumoniae from lymphocytes, possibly providing a shelter for C. pneumoniae to escape from the innate immune response, which has direct clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Ishida
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
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Matsuo J, Nakamura S, Ito A, Yamazaki T, Ishida K, Hayashi Y, Yoshida M, Takahashi K, Sekizuka T, Takeuchi F, Kuroda M, Nagai H, Hayashida K, Sugimoto C, Yamaguchi H. Protochlamydia induces apoptosis of human HEp-2 cells through mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by chlamydial protease-like activity factor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56005. [PMID: 23409113 PMCID: PMC3569409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obligate amoebal endosymbiotic bacterium Protochlamydia with ancestral pathogenic chlamydial features evolved to survive within protist hosts, such as Acanthamoba, 0.7–1.4 billion years ago, but not within vertebrates including humans. This observation raises the possibility that interactions between Protochlamydia and human cells may result in a novel cytopathic effect, leading to new insights into host-parasite relationships. Previously, we reported that Protochlamydia induces apoptosis of the immortalized human cell line, HEp-2. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this apoptosis. We first confirmed that, upon stimulation with the bacteria, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was cleaved at an early stage in HEp-2 cells, which was dependent on the amount of bacteria. A pan-caspase inhibitor and both caspase-3 and -9 inhibitors similarly inhibited the apoptosis of HEp-2 cells. A decrease of the mitochondrial membrane potential was also confirmed. Furthermore, lactacystin, an inhibitor of chlamydial protease-like activity factor (CPAF), blocked the apoptosis. Cytochalasin D also inhibited the apoptosis, which was dependent on the drug concentration, indicating that bacterial entry into cells was required to induce apoptosis. Interestingly, Yersinia type III inhibitors (ME0052, ME0053, and ME0054) did not have any effect on the apoptosis. We also confirmed that the Protochlamydia used in this study possessed a homologue of the cpaf gene and that two critical residues, histidine-101 and serine-499 of C. trachomatis CPAF in the active center, were conserved. Thus, our results indicate that after entry, Protochlamydia-secreted CPAF induces mitochondrial dysfunction with a decrease of the membrane potential, followed by caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP cleavages for apoptosis. More interestingly, because C. trachomatis infection can block the apoptosis, our finding implies unique features of CPAF between pathogenic and primitive chlamydiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ito
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kasumi Ishida
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Yoshida
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Takahashi
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hayashida
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sugimoto
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Hada M, Hontani Y, Marvel RE, Haglund RF, Matsuo J. Ultrafast Hot Electron Induced Phase Transitions in Vanadium Dioxide. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Ishida K, Yamazaki T, Motohashi K, Kobayashi M, Matsuo J, Yamaguchi H, Yamamoto Y, Osaki T, Hanawa T, Kamiya S. Erratum to: Effect of the steroid receptor antagonist RU486 (mifepristone) on an IFNγ-induced persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection model in epithelial HEp-2 cells. J Infect Chemother 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10156-012-0504-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hori H, Matsuo J, Teraishi T, Fujii S, Kawamoto Y, Kinoshita Y, Ota M, Hattori K, Higuchi T, Kunugi H. 1323 – Cognitive function in major depressive disorder: the role of symptomatology, personality and stress hormones. Eur Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(13)76377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Teraishi T, Ozeki Y, Hori H, Sasayama D, Chiba S, Yamamoto N, Tanaka H, Iijima Y, Matsuo J, Kawamoto Y, Kinoshita Y, Hattori K, Ota M, Kajiwara M, Terada S, Higuchi T, Kunugi H. 1219 – Phenylalanine kinetics in schizophrenia patients detected by 13C-phenylalanine breath test. Eur Psychiatry 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(13)76299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Okude M, Matsuo J, Nakamura S, Kawaguchi K, Hayashi Y, Sakai H, Yoshida M, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi H. Environmental chlamydiae alter the growth speed and motility of host acanthamoebae. Microbes Environ 2012; 27:423-9. [PMID: 23100025 PMCID: PMC4103550 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me11353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis between living beings is an important driver of evolutionary novelty and ecological diversity; however, understanding the mechanisms underlying obligate mutualism remains a significant challenge. Regarding this, we have previously isolated two different Acanthamoeba strains harboring endosymbiotic bacteria, Protochlamydia (R18 symbiotic amoebae: R18WT) or Neochlamydia (S13 symbiotic amoebae; S13WT). In this study, we treated the symbiotic amoebae R18WT and S13WT with doxycycline (DOX) and rifampicin (RFP), respectively, to establish the aposymbiotic amoebae R18DOX and S13RFP, respectively. Subsequently, we compared the growth speed, motility, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and morphology of the symbiotic and aposymbiotic amoebae. The growth speed of R18DOX was decreased, although that of S13RFP was increased. A marked change in motility was observed only for R18DOX amoebae. There was no difference in phagocytic and pinocytic activities between the symbiotic and aposymbiotic amoebae. Meanwhile, we observed a significant change in the phalloidin staining pattern and morphological changes in R18DOX (but not S13RFP) aposymbiotic amoebae, indicating a change in actin accumulation upon removal of the Protochlamydia. Infection of C3 (a reference strain) or S13RFP amoebae with Protochlamydia had a harmful effect on the host amoebae, but R18DOX amoebae re-infected with Protochlamydia showed recovery in both growth speed and motility. Taken together, we conclude that endosymbiont environmental chlamydiae alter the growth speed and/or motility of their host Acanthamoeba, possibly implying an close mutual relationship between amoebae and environmental chlamydiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Okude
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060–0812, Japan
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Yamada I, Matsuo J, Jones EC, Takeuchi D, Aoki T, Goto K, Sugii T. Range and Damage Distribution in Cluster Ion Implantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-438-363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCluster ion implantation is an attractive alternative to conventional ion implantation, particularly for shallow junction formation. It is easy to obtain high-current ion beams with low equivalent energy using cluster ion beams. The implanted boron distribution in 5keV B10H14 implanted Si is markedly shallower than that in 5keV BF2 ion implanted Si. The implanted depth is less than 0.04 μm, indicating that cluster ion implantation is capable of forming shallow junctions. The sheet resistance of 3keV B10H14 implanted samples falls below 500 Ω/sq after annealing at 1000°C for 10s. Shallow implantation can be realized by a high energy cluster beam without space-charge problems in the incident beam. Defect formation, resulting from local energy deposition and multiple collisions, is unique for cluster ions. The thickness of the damaged layer formed by cluster ion bombardment increases with the size of the cluster, if implant energy and ion dose remain constant. This is one of the nonlinear “cluster effects,” which may allow some control over the implant damage distributions that accompany implanted ions, and which have been shown to have a great effect on dopant redistribution during annealing
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Ichiki K, Tamura J, Seki T, Aoki T, Matsuo J. Development of gas cluster ion beam irradiation system with an orthogonal acceleration TOF instrument. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ichiki
- Department of Nuclear Engineering; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | | | - T. Seki
- Department of Nuclear Engineering; Kyoto University; Sakyo Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- CREST; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Chiyoda Tokyo 102-0075 Japan
| | - T. Aoki
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering; Kyoto University; Nishikyo Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
- CREST; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Chiyoda Tokyo 102-0075 Japan
| | - J. Matsuo
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center; Kyoto University; Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- CREST; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Chiyoda Tokyo 102-0075 Japan
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Kubo T, Ishida K, Matsuo J, Nakamura S, Hayashi Y, Sakai H, Yoshida M, Takahashi K, Hirai I, Yamamoto Y, Yamaguchi H. Chlamydia trachomatis serovar L2 infection model using human lymphoid Jurkat cells. Microb Pathog 2012; 53:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2012.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Hayashi Y, Yimin, Matsuo J, Nakamura S, Kunichika M, Yoshida M, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi H. A domino-like chlamydial attachment process: concurrent Parachlamydia acanthamoebae attachment to amoebae is required for several amoebal released molecules and serine protease activity. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:1607-1614. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.057190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yimin
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi-7, Kita-15, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Miyuki Kunichika
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Yoshida
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kaori Takahashi
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
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Rahman MA, Cheng Z, Matsuo J, Rikihisa Y. Penicillin-binding protein of Ehrlichia chaffeensis: cytokine induction through MyD88-dependent pathway. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:110-6. [PMID: 22539814 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human monocytic ehrlichiosis is one of the most prevalent tick-borne zoonoses caused by infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Although E. chaffeensis lacks entire lipopolysaccharide and most peptidoglycan biosynthesis genes, it induces inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Ehrlichia chaffeensis components that induce inflammation and the responsive host cell pathway are not known. METHODS Expression of penicillin-binding protein (PBP) in E. chaffeensis was analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and Bocillin FL binding assay. Next, recombinant PBP, which was high-pressure liquid chromatography purified, and native PBP of E. chaffeensis were investigated for their ability to induce proinflammatory cytokines in the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wild-type and MyD88 knockout mice. RESULTS Expression of PBP by E. chaffeensis was upregulated during its intracellular life cycle. PBP induced interleukin 8 or CXCL2, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, and interleukin 10 in THP-1 cells and BMDMs. Cytokine induction by PBP was MyD88-dependent. Removal of PBP from E. chaffeensis lysate using penicillin affinity column and a complementation assay confirmed cytokine-inducing activity of native PBP. CONCLUSIONS The cytokine-inducing activity by E. chaffeensis PBP provides novel insights into pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pathogenesis of E. chaffeensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Akhlakur Rahman
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1093, USA
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Yamazaki T, Matsumoto M, Matsuo J, Abe K, Minami K, Yamaguchi H. Frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis in Ureaplasma-positive healthy women attending their first prenatal visit in a community hospital in Sapporo, Japan. BMC Infect Dis 2012; 12:82. [PMID: 22471518 PMCID: PMC3342208 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly reported pathogen that causes urogenital infection such as urethritis or cervicitis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum, which are commensals in the genital tract, have also now been recognized as contributors to urogenital infection. However, whether the presence of either U. parvum or U. urealyticum is related to that of C. trachomatis in the urogenital tract remains unknown. We therefore attempted to estimate by PCR the prevalence of C. trachomatis, U. parvum and U. urealyticum in endocervical samples obtained from healthy women attending their first prenatal visit in Sapporo, Japan. METHODS The samples were taken from 303 apparently healthy women, and the extracted DNAs (n = 280) were used for PCR detection targeting C. trachomatis, U. parvum and U. urealyticum. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by Fisher's exact test. RESULTS PCR detection revealed that the prevalence of C. trachomatis, U. parvum and U. urealyticum was 14.3% (40/280), 41.7% (117/280) and 8.9% (25/280), respectively. C. trachomatis ompA genotype D was most frequently identified. Surprisingly, either C. trachomatis or Ureaplasma spp. was detected in almost half of the healthy women. Mixed infection of C. trachomatis with either U. parvum or U. urealyticum was also observed in 9.2% (26/280) of the women. There was a significant association between C. trachomatis and either U. parvum (p = 0.023) or Ureaplasma total (p = 0.013), but not U. urealyticum (p = 0.275). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the presence of Ureaplasma had a significant effect on the presence of C. trachomatis in the genital tract of healthy women, suggesting that mixed infection is an important factor in bacterial pathogenesis in the genital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Ueta M, Sugama J, Konya C, Matsuo J, Matsumoto M, Yabunaka K, Nakatani T, Tabata K. Use of ultrasound in assessment of necrotic tissue in pressure ulcers with adjacent undermining. J Wound Care 2012; 20:503-4, 506, 508, passim. [PMID: 22240845 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2011.20.11.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reveal the specific ultrasonic imaging findings of non-visible necrotic tissue in pressure ulcers (PUs) with undermining and describe the images objectively. The predictive validity of the specific images of the undermined necrotic tissue was also determined. METHOD Using digital ultrasonography (12 MHz linear transducer, MyLab25; Hitachi Medical Corporation), we imaged PUs with undermining every 2 weeks. PUs were also monitored by DESIGN-R, a PU assessment tool, at the same time. RESULTS Ten patients had 11 PUs with undermining and all ulcers were located in the sacral region. The necrotic tissue showed high echogenicity with no layers, unclear borders and an uneven gray level (cloud-like image). Granulation tissue appeared as a low echoic image which had no layers, was of coarse resolution and an even gray level. There were significant differences between the pixel uniformity of the necrotic tissue (84.0) and granulation tissue (53.9) compared with uninjured tissue (65.5; p=0.000 and 0.005, respectively). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of cloud-like image were 87.5%, 91.7%, 77.8% and 95.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION The results suggest that cloud-like image is the most useful diagnostic indicator for non-visible necrotic tissue in PUs with undermining and is the best prognostic indicator for PU healing. DECLARATION OF INTEREST The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. There were no external sources of funding for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ueta
- Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Matsuo
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- CREST; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Chiyoda Tokyo 102-0075 Japan
| | - K. Ichiki
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Y. Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - T. Seki
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- CREST; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Chiyoda Tokyo 102-0075 Japan
| | - T. Aoki
- Graduate School of Engineering; Kyoto University; Gokasho Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
- CREST; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); Chiyoda Tokyo 102-0075 Japan
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Ito A, Matsuo J, Nakamura S, Yoshida A, Okude M, Hayashi Y, Sakai H, Yoshida M, Takahashi K, Yamaguchi H. Amoebal endosymbiont Protochlamydia induces apoptosis to human immortal HEp-2 cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30270. [PMID: 22276171 PMCID: PMC3261889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Protochlamydia, an environmental chlamydia and obligate amoebal endosymbiotic bacterium, evolved to survive within protist hosts, such as Acanthamobae, 700 million years ago. However, these bacteria do not live in vertebrates, including humans. This raises the possibility that interactions between Protochlamydia and human cells could induce a novel cytopathic effect, leading to new insights into host-parasite relationships. Therefore, we studied the effect of Protochlamydia on the survival of human immortal cell line, HEp-2 cells and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Using mainly 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, fluorescent in situ hybridization, transmission electron microscopy, and also TUNEL and Transwell assays, we demonstrated that the Protochlamydia induced apoptosis in HEp-2 cells. The attachment of viable bacterial cells, but not an increase of bacterial infectious progenies within the cells, was required for the apoptosis. Other chlamydiae [Parachlamydia acanthamoebae and Chlamydia trachomatis (serovars D and L2)] did not induce the same phenomena, indicating that the observed apoptosis may be specific to the Protochlamydia. Furthermore, the bacteria had no effect on the survival of primary PBMCs collected from five volunteers, regardless of activation. We concluded that Protochlamydia induces apoptosis in human-immortal HEp-2 cells and that this endosymbiont could potentially be used as a biological tool for the elucidation of novel host-parasite relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ito
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Junji Matsuo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asahi Yoshida
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Miho Okude
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Haruna Sakai
- Division of Biomedical Imaging Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Yoshida
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Takahashi
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Ishida K, Yamazaki T, Motohashi K, Kobayashi M, Matsuo J, Yamaguchi H, Yamamoto Y, Osaki T, Hanawa T, Kamiya S. Effect of the steroid receptor antagonist RU486 (mifepristone) on an IFNγ-induced persistent Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection model in epithelial HEp-2 cells. J Infect Chemother 2012; 18:22-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10156-011-0274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Iizaka S, Jiao L, Sugama J, Minematsu T, Oba M, Matsuo J, Tabata K, Sugiyama T, Sanada H. Evaluation of nutritional status and skin condition among elderly residents in a long-term care hospital. J Nutr Health Aging 2012; 16:107-11. [PMID: 22238009 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The availability of nutritional screening tools for older adults is limited, depending on their physical characteristics or the setting. We investigated the relationships between various nutritional indicators and skin conditions as possible screening indicators. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A long-term care hospital in Japan. PARTICIPANTS 90 elderly residents who were aged ≥65 years old. MEASUREMENTS The nutritional status of the residents was assessed by body mass index (BMI), involuntary weight loss, arm muscle area, and serum albumin and prealbumin levels. Leg skin condition was evaluated by: 1) functional factors including pH, hydration and transepidermal water loss; 2) skin color including L*, a*, b* and individual typology angle (ITA°) using a tristimulus colorimetric instrument; and 3) skin morphology. Repeated measures analysis of variance was employed, adjusted for demographic characteristics and room temperature, with measurement site as the repeated variable. RESULTS Among the skin indicators, b* was significantly correlated with BMI (p=0.018), and weight loss over the previous month (p=0.042) and 6 months (p=0.002). Additionally, ITA° was associated with weight loss over 1 month (p=0.013). Both b* and ITA° showed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.64 to 0.80 for weight loss >2% over 1 month. CONCLUSIONS Residents with poorer nutritional status had yellower and darker skin color.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Iizaka
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Kobayashi M, Ishida K, Matsuo J, Nakamura S, Nagasawa A, Motohashi K, Yao T, Hirai I, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki H, Shimizu C, Matsuno K, Yamaguchi H. Chlamydophila pneumoniae attachment and infection in low proteoglycan expressing human lymphoid Jurkat cells. Microb Pathog 2011; 51:209-16. [PMID: 21511028 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the proteoglycan (PG)-dependent mechanism of Chlamydophila pneumoniae attachment to lymphocytic cells. Lymphoid Jurkat cells and epithelial HEp-2 cells were statically infected with C. pneumoniae (TW183). Transmission electron microscopy and assessment of inclusion-forming units indicated that the bacteria grew normally in Jurkat cells and were capable of producing secondary infection; however, they grew at a slower rate than in HEp-2 cells. RT-PCR analysis indicated that HEp-2 cells strongly expressed PG-core protein encoding genes, thereby sustaining glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as heparin, on the cellular surface. Similar gene expression levels were not observed in Jurkat cells, with the exception of glypican-1. Immunofluorescence analysis also supported strong heparin expression in HEp-2 cells and minimal expression in Jurkat cells, although heparan sulfate pretreatment significantly inhibited bacterial attachment to both cell types. Immunofluorescent co-staining with antibodies against chlamydial LPS and heparin did not identify bacterial and heparin co-localization on Jurkat cells. We also confirmed that when C. pneumoniae was statically infected to human CD4(+) peripheral blood lymphocytes known not expressing detectable level of heparin, the bacteria attached to and formed inclusion bodies in the cells. Thus, the attachment mechanism of C. pneumoniae to Jurkat cells with low PG expression is unique when compared with HEp-2 cells and potentially independent of GAGs such as heparin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Nishi-5 Kita-12 Jo, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
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Abstract
AbstractUnique characteristics of gas cluster ion beam bombardment are discussed in terms of ULSI fabrication processes. Cluster ion beams consisting of a few hundreds to thousands of atoms have been generated from various kinds of gas materials. Multi-collisions during the impact of accelerated cluster ions upon the substrate surfaces produce fundamentally low energy bombarding effects in a range of a few eV to hundreds of eV per atom at very high density. These bombarding characteristics can be applied to shallow ion implantation, high yield sputtering and smoothing, surface cleaning and low temperature thin film formation.
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Seki T, Tanomura M, Aoki T, Matsuo J, Yamada I. Size Dependence of Bombardment Characteristics Produced by Cluster Ion Beams. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-504-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTCluster ion beam processes provide new surface modification techniques, such as surface smoothing, high rate sputtering and very shallow implantation, because of the unique interactions between cluster and surface atoms. To understand interactions with cluster and surface, Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) observations have been done for single impact traces.Highly Oriented Pyrolitic Graphite (HOPG) surfaces were bombarded by carbon cluster ions (Va≤300kV), and large ridges and craters have been observed as a result of single cluster ion impact. The impact site diameters are proportional to the cluster size up to 10 atoms, and increase drastically for cluster sizes above 10. This indicates that non-linear multiple collisions occur only when a local area is bombarded by more than 10 atoms at the same time.
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