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Jin Z, Yin R, Yuan Y, Zheng C, Zhang P, Wang Y, Weng H. Dapagliflozin ameliorates hepatic steatosis via suppressing LXRα-mediated synthesis of lipids and bile acids. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116167. [PMID: 38527558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence is rising globally with no pharmacotherapies approved. Hepatic steatosis is closely associated with progression and prognosis of NAFLD. Dapagliflozin, kind of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, was found to improve NAFLD in clinical trials, while the underlying mechanism remains poorly elucidated. Here, we reported that dapagliflozin effectively mitigated liver injury and relieved lipid metabolism disorders in vivo. Further investigation showed that dapagliflozin markedly suppressed Liver X Receptor α (LXRα)-mediated synthesis of de novo lipids and bile acids (BAs). In AML12 cells, our results proved dapagliflozin decreased lipid contents via inhibiting the expression of LXRα and downstream liposynthesis genes. Proteosome inhibitor MG132 eliminated the effect of dapagliflozin on LXRα-mediated signaling pathway, which suggested that dapagliflozin downregulated LXRα expression through increasing LXRα degradation. Knockdown of LXRα with siRNA abolished the reduction of lipogenesis from dapagliflozin treatment, indicating that LXRα might be the pivotal target for dapagliflozin to exhibit the aforementioned benefits. Furthermore, the data showed that dapagliflozin reversed gut dysbiosis induced by BAs disruption and altered gut microbiota profile to reduce intestinal lipids absorption. Together, our study deciphered a novel mechanism by which dapagliflozin relieved hepatic steatosis and highlighted the potential benefit of dapagliflozin in treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Jin
- Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ruotong Yin
- Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yalin Wang
- Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongbo Weng
- Fudan University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Zhu Y, Huang B, Jiang G. Correlation between changes in serum YKL-40, LXRs, PPM1A, and TGF-β1 levels and airway remodeling and lung function in patients with bronchial asthma. J Asthma 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38164946 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2023.2301426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigates the correlation between serum levels of YKL-40, LXRs, PPM1A, and TGF-β1 and airway remodeling and lung function in bronchial asthma patients. METHODS The study involved 80 bronchial asthma patients and 92 healthy individuals. Serum cytokines, airway remodeling, and lung function markers were compared across mild, moderate, and severe asthma cases using high-resolution CT, t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS Asthmatic patients exhibited higher levels of serum YKL-40, LXRα, LXRβ, TGF-β1, airway wall thickness (T)/outer diameter (D), and WA% of total cross-sectional area compared to controls. Conversely, their serum PPM1A, Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), and Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s (FEV1) were lower. Serum YKL-40 and TGF-β1 levels were positively correlated with T/D and WA%, and negatively correlated with PEF and FEV1. PPM1A levels were strongly associated with T/D, WA%, PEF, and FEV1. CONCLUSION The severity of bronchial asthma is associated with increased serum levels of YKL-40, LXRα, LXRβ, and TGF-β1 and decreased PPM1A. The levels of YKL-40, PPM1A, and TGF-β1 have a significant correlation with airway remodeling and lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Huang
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Guang Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Fu J, Liang Y, Shi Y, Yu D, Wang Y, Chen P, Liu S, Lu F. HuangQi ChiFeng decoction maintains gut microbiota and bile acid homeostasis through FXR signaling to improve atherosclerosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21935. [PMID: 38034657 PMCID: PMC10685252 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Huangqi Chifeng Decoction (HQCFT), a traditional Chinese medicine preparation, has long been used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the mechanism of the beneficial effect of HQCFT on atherosclerosis remains to be explored. In this work, to investigate the effects of HQCFT on bile acid (BA) metabolism and the gut microbiome in atherosclerosis, ApoE-/- mice were fed a with high-fat diet for 16 weeks to establish the AS model. HQCFT(1.95 g kg-1 and 3.9 g kg-1 per day) was administered intragastrically for 8 weeks to investigate the regulatory effects of HQCFT on gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism and to inhibit the occurrence and development of AS induced by a high-fat diet. Histopathology, liver function and blood lipids were used to assess whether HQCFT can reduce plaque area, regulate lipid levels and alleviate liver steatosis in AS mice. In addition, 16S rDNA sequencing was used to screen the gut microbiota structure, and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‒MS/MS) was used to determine the bile acid profile. The mRNA and protein expression levels of bile acid metabolism were detected by RT‒PCR and WB to find the potential correlation. Results: HQCFT can regulate gut microbiota disorders, which was achieved by increasing gut microbiota diversity and altering Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota, Deferribacteres, Rodentibacter, Parasutterella, and Mucispirillum interference abundance to improve AS-induced gut microbiota. HQCFT can also adjust the content of bile acids (TCA, LCA, DCA, TDCA, TLCA, UDCA, etc.), regulate bile acid metabolism, relieve liver fat accumulation, and inhibit the process of AS. In addition, HQCFT can restore the abnormal metabolism of bile acid caused by AS by regulating the expression of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), liver X receptor α (LXRα), ABCA1, ABCG1 and CYP7A1. Conclusion: HQCFT may play a part in the prevention of atherosclerosis by inhibiting the FXR/LXRα axis, increasing the expression of CYP7A1 in the liver, and regulating the interaction between the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Fu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuqin Liang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yunhe Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Donghua Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Zhang Y, Liang J, Gu H, Du T, Xu P, Yu T, He Q, Huang Z, Lei S, Li J. Activation of LXRα attenuates 2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) induced placental dysfunction. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 266:115605. [PMID: 37864966 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) is one of the typical organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and has been widely detected in environmental media. Exposure to EHDPP during pregnancy affects placental development and fetal growth. Liver X receptor α (LXRα) is essential to placental development. However, finite information is available regarding the function of LXRα in placenta damages caused by EHDPP. In present study we investigated to figure out whether LXRα is playing roles in EHDPP-induced placenta toxicity. While EHDPP restrained cell viability, migration, and angiogenesis dose-dependently in HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells, overexpression or activation by agonist T0901317 of LXRα alleviated the above phenomenon, knockdown or inhibition by antagonist GSK2033 had the opposite effects in vitro. Further study indicated EHDPP decreased LXRα expression and transcriptional activity leading to mRNA, protein expression levels downregulation of viability, migration, angiogenesis-related genes Forkhead box M1 (Foxm1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNos), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (Mmp-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (Mmp-9), vascular endothelial growth factor-A (Vegf-a) and upregulation of inflammatory genes interleukin-6 (Il-6), interleukin-1β (Il-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α) in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, EHDPP caused decreased placental volume and fetal weight in mice, treatment with LXRα agonist T0901317 restored these adverse effects. Taken together, our study unveiled EHDPP-induced placenta toxicity and the protective role of LXRα in combating EHDPP-induced placental dysfunction. Activating LXRα could serve as a therapeutic strategy to reverse EHDPP-induced placental toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225007, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Ting Du
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Yu
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Qing He
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Zhenyao Huang
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China; Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Saifei Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.
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Hong Q, Guo MM, Yang J, Wei X, Liao L, Xin XJ, Zhang D, An FL. Four previously undescribed diketopiperazines from marine fungus Aspergillus puniceus FAHY0085 and their effects on liver X receptor α. Phytochemistry 2023; 214:113816. [PMID: 37536654 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Four previously undescribed diketopiperazine-type alkaloids including one oxepin-containing diketopiperazine-type alkaloid, oxepinamide L (1), three 4-quinazolinone alkaloids, puniceloids E-G (10-12), together with 12 known analogues, protuboxepin D (2), oxepinamides D-G, J-K and I (3-9), puniceloids B-D (13-15) and protubonine B (16), were isolated from the culture of the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus puniceus FAHY0085. The structures of the previously undescribed compounds were comprehensively elucidated by detailed interpretation of their NMR and HRESIMS data. Their absolute configurations were unambiguously determined by ROESY experiments, Marfey's method, calculated ECD experiments and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds (3-4, 6-8, 14-15) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against HepG2, MCF-7, SW1116 and HeLa cells and compound 6 and 14 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells with IC50 49.61 ± 2.91 and 28.38 ± 1.57 μM, respectively. Compounds (1-8, 11-15) were screened for their transcriptional activation of liver X receptor α and compound 11 with known compounds 13-15 showed significant transcriptional activation of liver X receptor α with EC50 values in the range 2-50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Miao-Miao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11/33, Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Li Liao
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Ministry of Natural Resources, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, 200136, China; School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, PR China.
| | - Fa-Liang An
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, No.4, Lane 218, Haiji Sixth Road, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Huang Y, Ran X, Liu H, Luo M, Qin Y, Yan J, Li X, Jia Y. A novel dammarane triterpenoid alleviates atherosclerosis by activating the LXRα pathway. Chin Med 2023; 18:72. [PMID: 37322486 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that ginsenoside compound K can attenuate the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Therefore, ginsenoside compound K has potential for atherosclerosis therapy. How to improve the druggability and enhance the antiatherosclerotic activity of ginsenoside compound K are the core problems in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. CKN is a ginsenoside compound K derivative that was previously reported to have excellent antiatherosclerotic activity in vitro, and we have applied for international patents for it. METHODS Male C57BL/6 ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat and high-choline diet to induce atherosclerosis and were subjected to in vivo studies. In vitro, the CCK-8 method was applied to evaluate cytotoxicity in macrophages. Foam cells were utilized, and cellular lipid determination was performed for in vitro studies. The area of atherosclerotic plaque and fatty infiltration of the liver were measured by image analysis. Serum lipid and liver function were determined by a seralyzer. Immunofluorescence and western blot analysis were conducted to explore the alterations in the expression levels of lipid efflux-related proteins. Molecular docking, reporter gene experiments and cellular thermal shift assays were used to verify the interaction between CKN and LXRα. RESULTS After confirming the therapeutic effects of CKN, molecular docking, reporter gene experiments and cellular thermal shift assays were used to predict and investigate the antiatherosclerotic mechanisms of CKN. CKN exhibited the greatest potency, with a 60.9% and 48.1% reduction in en face atherosclerotic lesions on the thoracic aorta and brachiocephalic trunk, reduced plasma lipid levels and decreased foam cell levels in the vascular plaque content in HHD-fed ApoE-/- mice. Moreover, CKN in the present study may exert its antiatherosclerotic effects through activated ABCA1 by promoting LXRα nuclear translocation and reducing the adverse effects of LXRα activation. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that CKN prevented the formation of atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice by activating the LXRα pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaodong Ran
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mingming Luo
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yiyu Qin
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jinqiong Yan
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yi Jia
- Institute of Materia Medica and Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Shapingba, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Song J, Yang Q, Xiong H, Gu X, Chen M, Zhou C, Cai Y. TIPE3 protects mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury. Transpl Immunol 2023; 77:101799. [PMID: 36842565 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe inflammatory disease with high morbidity and mortality in patients and lung transplant recipients. Tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like 3 (TIPE3) is one of the members of the TIPE family. While TIPE2 has been demonstrated to be protective against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI, the role of TIPE3 in ALI is currently unidentified. METHODS To examine the role of TIPE3 in ALI, we pretreated C57BL/6 mice with control or TIPE3-lentivirus in LPS-induced ALI models. The C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group; ALI-induced group; ALI-induced group with control lentivirus; and ALI-induced group with TIPE3-lentivirus. Additionally, RAW 264.7 cells were used to validate the role and molecular mechanism of TIPE3 signaling in vitro. RESULTS An increased expression of TIPE3 reduced lung histopathological damage in ALI-affected mice. ALI-affected mice treated with TIPE3-lentivirus exhibited reduced lung microvascular permeability, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, neutrophil buildup, and inflammation response. Additionally, over-expression of TIPE3 significantly inhibited NF-κB activation and promoted the activation of Liver X receptors alpha (LXRα). In LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells, enforced TIPE3 expression produced anti-inflammatory effects, whereas the LXR inhibitor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) reversed these effects. CONCLUSIONS TIPE3 protected against LPS-induced ALI by regulating the LXRα/NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that TIPE3 might provide a novel insight into the prevention of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xia Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Chuanxin Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Yao Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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Tan S, Ke Z, Zhou C, Luo Y, Ding X, Luo G, Li W, Shi S. Polyphenol Profile, Antioxidant Activity, and Hypolipidemic Effect of Longan Byproducts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052083. [PMID: 36903329 PMCID: PMC10004001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Longan, a popular fruit in Asia, has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat several diseases for centuries. Recent studies have indicated that longan byproducts are rich in polyphenols. The aim of this study was to analyze the phenolic composition of longan byproduct polyphenol extracts (LPPE), evaluate their antioxidant activity in vitro, and investigate their regulating effect on lipid metabolism in vivo. The results indicated that the antioxidant activity of LPPE was 231.350 ± 21.640, 252.380 ± 31.150, and 558.220 ± 59.810 (mg Vc/g) as determined by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, respectively. UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS analysis indicated that the main compounds in LPPE were gallic acid, proanthocyanidin, epicatechin, and phlorizin. LPPE supplementation prevented the body weight gain and decreased serum and liver lipids in high-fat diet-induced-obese mice. Furthermore, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis indicated that LPPE upregulated the expression of PPARα and LXRα and then regulated their target genes, including FAS, CYP7A1, and CYP27A1, which are involved in lipid homeostasis. Taken together, this study supports the concept that LPPE can be used as a dietary supplement in regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Tan
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (S.S.)
| | - Zunli Ke
- Basic Medical School, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chongbing Zhou
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Yuping Luo
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Xiaobo Ding
- Luzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Gangjun Luo
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
| | - Shengyou Shi
- School of Advanced Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524091, China
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (S.S.)
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9
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Xian C, Lai D, Liu J, Li S, Cao J, Chen K, Liang D, Fu N, Wang Y, Xiao M. Protein-enriched extracts from housefly (Musca domestica) maggots alleviates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice by promoting bile acid production and consequent cholesterol consumption. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2022; 111:e21951. [PMID: 35791048 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, atherosclerosis control is important to prevent future heart attacks or strokes. Protein-enriched extract (PE) from housefly maggots (Musca domestica) can inhibit the development of atherosclerosis partially through its antioxidant effects. Whether PE exerts other anti-atherosclerosis functions remains unclear. Here, PE was found to simultaneously promote cholesterol metabolism effects in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice. Bile acid synthesis plays a key role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis in atherosclerosis. Whether PE alleviates atherosclerosis by promoting bile acid production and consequent cholesterol consumption was further explored. First, 8-week-old male ApoE-/- mice were recruited and fed on a cholesterol-enriched diet. After 8 weeks, these mice were divided into three groups and received gavage administration of PE, simvastatin, and saline for another 8 weeks. Atherosclerosis severity was then assessed. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot were employed to determine the expression of hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), liver X receptor α (LXRα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Serum levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC) were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results revealed that PE reversed the formation of atherosclerotic lesion; increased the expression of PPAR-γ, LXRα, and ABCA1; increased the amount of bile flow and total bile acid; reduced the serum level of LDL and TC; and increased the level of HDL. In conclusion, enhancement on bile acid production and consequent cholesterol consumption may partially contribute to the anti-atherosclerotic effects of PE. The reversal of PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 signaling pathway may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Xian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Disheng Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shixin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junlin Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kengyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dajun Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nanlin Fu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Yunfu, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhu Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Zhang ZZ, Yu XH, Tan WH. Baicalein inhibits macrophage lipid accumulation and inflammatory response by activating the PPARγ/ LXRα pathway. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 209:316-325. [PMID: 35749304 PMCID: PMC9521661 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation and inflammatory response are two major risk factors for atherosclerosis. Baicalein, a phenolic flavonoid widely used in East Asian countries, possesses a potential atheroprotective activity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This study was performed to explore the impact of baicalein on lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Our results showed that baicalein up-regulated the expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ABCG1, liver X receptor α (LXRα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), promoted cholesterol efflux, and inhibited lipid accumulation. Administration of baicalein also reduced the expression and secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Knockdown of LXRα or PPARγ with siRNAs abrogated the effects of baicalein on ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression, cholesterol efflux, lipid accumulation as well as pro-inflammatory cytokine release. In summary, these findings suggest that baicalein exerts a beneficial effect on macrophage lipid accumulation and inflammatory response by activating the PPARγ/LXRα signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Zhen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang Hunan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wei-Hua Tan
- Correspondence: Wei-Hua Tan, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang 421001 Hunan, China.
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11
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Wang Y, Zhang J, Chen J, Wang D, Yu Y, Qiu P, Wang Q, Zhao W, Li Z, Lei T. Ch25h and 25-HC prevent liver steatosis through regulation of cholesterol metabolism and inflammation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:504-513. [PMID: 35462473 PMCID: PMC9828056 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most prevalent metabolic disorder all over the world, and lipid metabolic disorders and inflammation are closely associated and contribute to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) and its product, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), play important roles in cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation, but whether Ch25h and 25-HC are involved in NAFLD remains uncertain. In this study, we use Ch25h knockout mice, hepatic cells and liver biopsies to explore the role of Ch25h and 25-HC in lipid metabolism and accumulation in liver, determine the molecular mechanism of lipid accumulation and inflammation influenced by Ch25h and 25-HC, and assess the regulatory effects of Ch25h and 25-HC on human NAFLD. Our results indicate that mice lacking Ch25h have normal cholesterol homeostasis with normal diet, but under the condition of high fat diet (HFD), the mice show higher total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum, and prone to hepatic steatosis. Ch25h deficiency reduces the cholesterol efflux regulated by liver X receptor α (LXRα), increases the synthesis of cholesterol mediated by sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2), and increases the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, therefore promotes hepatic steatosis. Collectively, our data suggest that Ch25h and 25-HC play important roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation, thereby exerting anti-NAFLD functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Wang
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China,Xi’an Blood CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an 710061Chinaand
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China,Department of PathologyShannxi Provincial People’s HospitalXi’an710068China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Pei Qiu
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Wenbao Zhao
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China
| | - Zhao Li
- Cardiovascular Research CenterSchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an 710061Chinaand
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesXi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an710061China,Correspondence author. Tel: +86-29-82655189. E-mail:
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12
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Zhan Z, Dai F, Zhang T, Chen Y, She J, Jiang H, Liu S, Gu T, Tang L. Oridonin alleviates hyperbilirubinemia through activating LXRα-UGT1A1 axis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106188. [PMID: 35338002 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbilirubinemia is a serious hazard to human health due to its neurotoxicity and lethality. So far, successful therapy for hyperbilirubinemia with fewer side effects is still lacking. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of oridonin (Ori), an active diterpenoid extracted from Rabdosia rubescens, on hyperbilirubinemia and revealed the underlying molecular mechanism in vivo and in vitro. Here, we showed that liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) deletion eliminated the protective effect of Ori on phenylhydrazine hydrochloride-induced hyperbilirubinemia mice, indicating that LXRα acted as a key target for Ori treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. Ori significantly increased the expression of LXRα and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) in the liver of wild-type (WT) mice, which were lost in LXRα-/- mice. Ori or LXR agonist GW3965 also reduced lipopolysaccharide/D-galactosamine-induced hyperbilirubinemia via activating LXRα/UGT1A1 in WT mice. Liver UGT1A1 enzyme activity was elevated by Ori or GW3965 in WT mice. Further, Ori up-regulated LXRα gene expression, increased its nuclear translocation and stimulated UGT1A1 promoter activity in HepG2 cells. After silencing LXRα by siRNA, Ori-induced UGT1A1 expression was markedly reduced in HepG2 cells and primary mouse hepatocytes. Taken together, Ori stimulated the transcriptional activity of LXRα, resulting in the up-regulation of UGT1A1. Therefore, Ori or its analogs might have the potential to treat hyperbilirubinemia-related diseases through modulating LXRα-UGT1A1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Zhan
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Fahong Dai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Yulian Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianglian She
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Huanguo Jiang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tanwei Gu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lan Tang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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13
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Chen PY, Chao TY, Hsu HJ, Wang CY, Lin CY, Gao WY, Wu MJ, Yen JH. The Lipid-Modulating Effect of Tangeretin on the Inhibition of Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) Gene Expression through Regulation of LXRα Activation in Hepatic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189853. [PMID: 34576019 PMCID: PMC8471037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of TG-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) in plasma is associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). Tangeretin is a bioactive pentamethoxyflavone mainly found in citrus peels, and it has been reported to protect against hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the lipid-modulating effects and the underlying mechanisms of tangeretin action in hepatic cells. Transcriptome and bioinformatics analyses with the Gene Ontology (GO) database showed that tangeretin significantly regulated a set of 13 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the regulation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Among these DEGs, angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3), an essential inhibitor of LPL catalytic activity that regulates TGRL metabolism in plasma, was markedly downregulated by tangeretin. We demonstrated that tangeretin significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of ANGPTL3 in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells. Tangeretin treatment of hepatic cells also reduced the levels of both intracellular and secreted ANGPTL3 proteins. Moreover, we found that inhibition of ANGPTL3 production by tangeretin augmented LPL activity. We further demonstrated that the transcriptional activity of the ANGPTL3 promoter was significantly attenuated by tangeretin, and we identified a DNA element located between the −250 and −121 positions that responded to tangeretin. Furthermore, we found that tangeretin did not alter the levels of the nuclear liver X receptor α (LXRα) protein, an essential transcription factor that binds to the tangeretin-responsive element, but it can counteract LXRα-mediated ANGPTL3 transcription. On the basis of molecular docking analysis, tangeretin was predicted to bind to the ligand-binding domain of LXRα, which would result in suppression of LXRα activation. Our findings support the hypothesis that tangeretin exerts a lipid-lowering effect by modulating the LXRα-ANGPTL3-LPL pathway, and thus, it can be used as a potential phytochemical for the prevention or treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yi Chen
- Center of Medical Genetics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Tzu-Ya Chao
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Hao-Jen Hsu
- Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Wan-Yun Gao
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Jiuan Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan;
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; (T.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +88-63-856-5301 (ext. 2683)
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14
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Zhang CJ, Zhu N, Long J, Wu HT, Wang YX, Liu BY, Liao DF, Qin L. Celastrol induces lipophagy via the LXRα/ABCA1 pathway in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1472-1485. [PMID: 33303989 PMCID: PMC8379158 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Celastrol is a triterpene derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f, which displays potential anticancer activity. In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of celastrol against clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and the underlying mechanisms. Using Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and genotype-tissue expression (GTEx) database we conducted a bioinformatics analysis, which showed that the mRNA levels of liver-X receptors α (LXRα) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in ccRCC tissues were significantly lower than those in adjacent normal tissues. This result was confirmed by immunoblotting analysis of 4 ccRCC clinical specimens, which showed that the protein expression of LXRα and ABCA1 was downregulated. Similar results were obtained in a panel of ccRCC cell lines (786-O, A498, SN12C, and OS-RC-2). In 786-O and SN12C cells, treatment with celastrol (0.25-2.0 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Furthermore, we demonstrated that celastrol inhibited the invasion of 786-O cells through reducing lipid accumulation; celastrol concentration-dependently promoted autophagy to reduce lipid storage. Moreover, we revealed that celastrol dramatically activated LXRα signaling, and degraded lipid droplets by inducing lipophagy in 786-O cells. Finally, celastrol promoted cholesterol efflux from 786-O cells via ABCA1. In high-fat diet-promoted ccRCC cell line 786-O xenograft model, administration of celastrol (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 mg·kg-1·d-1, for 4 weeks, i.p.) dose-dependently inhibited the tumor growth with upregulated LXRα and ABCA1 protein in tumor tissue. In conclusion, this study reveals that celastrol triggers lipophagy in ccRCC by activating LXRα, promotes ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux, suppresses EMT progress, and ultimately inhibits cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as tumor growth. Thus, our study provides evidence that celastrol can be used as a lipid metabolism-based anticancer therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Juan Zhang
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Jia Long
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Hong-Tao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second XiangYa Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Bi-Yuan Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Li Qin
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
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15
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Zhang ZZ, Chen JJ, Deng WY, Yu XH, Tan WH. CTRP1 decreases ABCA1 expression and promotes lipid accumulation through the miR-424-5p/FoxO1 pathway in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2226-2237. [PMID: 34288211 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1)-dependent cholesterol efflux leads to lipid accumulation in macrophages and atherosclerosis development. C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 1 (CTRP1), a conserved paralog of adiponectin, has been shown to aggravate atherosclerosis via its proinflammatory property. However, very little is known about its effects on ABCA1 expression and macrophage lipid accumulation. In the current studies, we found that CTRP1 downregulated ABCA1 expression, inhibited cholesterol efflux to apoA-I and promoted lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells. Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), a transcriptional repressor of ABCA1, was identified as a direct target of miR-424-5p. Mechanistically, CTRP1 attenuated miR-424-5p levels and then augmented FoxO1 expression in the nucleus, which led to downregulation of ABCA1 expression and inhibition of cholesterol efflux. In conclusion, these findings suggest that CTRP1 restrains cholesterol efflux and facilitates macrophage lipid accumulation through the miR-424-5p/FoxO1/ABCA1 signaling pathway, thereby providing a novel mechanistical insight into its proatherosclerotic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Zhen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wen-Yi Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Wei-Hua Tan
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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16
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Gao WY, Chen PY, Hsu HJ, Lin CY, Wu MJ, Yen JH. Tanshinone IIA Downregulates Lipogenic Gene Expression and Attenuates Lipid Accumulation through the Modulation of LXRα/SREBP1 Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Biomedicines 2021; 9:326. [PMID: 33806955 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal and excessive accumulation of lipid droplets within hepatic cells is the main feature of steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Dysregulation of lipogenesis contributes to hepatic steatosis and plays an essential role in the pathological progress of MAFLD. Tanshinone IIA is a bioactive phytochemical isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic and antihyperlipidemic effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering effects of tanshinone IIA on the regulation of lipogenesis, lipid accumulation, and the underlying mechanisms in hepatic cells. We demonstrated that tanshinone IIA can significantly inhibit the gene expression involved in de novo lipogenesis including FASN, ACC1, and SCD1, in HepG2 and Huh 7 cells. Tanshinone IIA could increase phosphorylation of ACC1 protein in HepG2 cells. We further demonstrated that tanshinone IIA also could suppress the fatty-acid-induced lipogenesis and TG accumulation in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, tanshinone IIA markedly downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of SREBP1, an essential transcription factor regulating lipogenesis in hepatic cells. Moreover, we found that tanshinone IIA attenuated liver X receptor α (LXRα)-mediated lipogenic gene expression and lipid droplet accumulation, but did not change the levels of LXRα mRNA or protein in HepG2 cells. The molecular docking data predicted tanshinone IIA binding to the ligand-binding domain of LXRα, which may result in the attenuation of LXRα-induced transcriptional activation. Our findings support the supposition that tanshinone IIA possesses a lipid-modulating effect that suppresses lipogenesis and attenuates lipid accumulation by modulating the LXRα/SREBP1 pathway in hepatic cells. Tanshinone IIA can be potentially used as a supplement or drug for the prevention or treatment of MAFLD.
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17
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Pang J, Xu H, Wang X, Chen X, Li Q, Liu Q, You Y, Zhang H, Xu Z, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Ling W. Resveratrol enhances trans-intestinal cholesterol excretion through selective activation of intestinal liver X receptor alpha. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114481. [PMID: 33631191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a dietary polyphenol with well-documented cardio-protective activity, but its effects on blood cholesterol levels remain to be established. Due to its poor bioavailability, tissue accumulation of RSV is extremely low except for that in the small intestine. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of RSV on blood cholesterol levels and the involvement of small intestine in the cholesterol-lowering impacts of RSV. Mice were administrated with RSV at various doses with high-fat diet (HFD) or high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HCD) for 12 weeks. The fecal neutral sterol contents were analyzed, and intestinal perfusion test was performed. An enteric barrier model using Caco-2 cells was established. We observed that RSV reduced blood cholesterol levels in a dose-dependent manner in mice fed with HFD or HCD. Further investigation revealed that RSV administration increased the bile acid pool size but did not affect cholesterol consumption or de novo cholesterol synthesis. Interestingly, RSV promoted trans-intestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) by 2-fold in the intestinal perfusion test. In addition, RSV upregulated the expressions of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5 or 8 (Abcg5/8) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1a or 1b (Abcb1a/b) by up to 8 times in the duodenum mucosa but not in the liver. RSV also significantly downregulated the expression of intestinal Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (Npc1l1). Knock-down of liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) but not Sirt1 by siRNA significantly blocked RSV-induced cholesterol excretion in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, RSV could decrease circulating cholesterol levels through enhancing TICE and limiting cholesterol absorption via selective activation of intestinal LXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yiran You
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Zhongliang Xu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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18
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Lin C, Li J, Wu C, Bao J. Identifying selective agonists targeting LXRβ from terpene compounds of alismatis rhizoma. J Mol Model 2021; 27:91. [PMID: 33616795 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is thought of as an important contributor to coronary disease, diabetes, and fatty liver. Liver X receptor β (LXRβ) was considered as a validated target for hyperlipidemia therapy due to its role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis and immunity. However, many current drugs applied in clinics are not selectively targeting LXRβ, and they can also activate LXRα which activates SREBP-1c that worked as an activator of lipogenic genes. Therefore, exploiting agonists selectively targeting LXRβ is urgent. Here, computational tools were used to screen potential agonists selectively targeting LXRβ from 112 terpenes of alismatis rhizoma. Firstly, a structural analysis between selective and nonselective agonists was used to explore key residues of selective binding with LXRβ. Our data indicated that Phe271, Ser278, Met312, His435, and Trp457 were important to compounds binding with LXRβ, suggesting that engaging ligand interaction with these residues may provide directions for the development of ligands with improved selective profiles. Then, ADMET analysis, molecular docking, MD simulations, and calculation of binding free energy and its decomposition were executed to screen the agonists whose bioactivity was favorable from 112 terpenes of alismatis rhizoma. We found that two triterpenes 16-hydroxy-alisol B 23-acetate and alisol M 23-acetate showed favorable ADMET properties and high binding affinity against LXRβ. These compounds could be considered as promising selective agonists targeting LXRβ. Our work provides an alternative strategy for screening agonists selectively targeting LXRβ from alismatis rhizoma for hyperlipidemia disease treatment.
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Wang P, Mu X, Zhao H, Li Y, Wang L, Wolfe V, Cui SN, Wang X, Peng T, Zingarelli B, Wang C, Fan GC. Administration of GDF3 Into Septic Mice Improves Survival via Enhancing LXRα-Mediated Macrophage Phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647070. [PMID: 33679812 PMCID: PMC7925632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The defective eradication of invading pathogens is a major cause of death in sepsis. As professional phagocytic cells, macrophages actively engulf/kill microorganisms and play essential roles in innate immune response against pathogens. Growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF3) was previously implicated as an important modulator of inflammatory response upon acute sterile injury. In this study, administration of recombinant GDF3 protein (rGDF3) either before or after CLP surgery remarkably improved mouse survival, along with significant reductions in bacterial load, plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and organ damage. Notably, our in vitro experiments revealed that rGDF3 treatment substantially promoted macrophage phagocytosis and intracellular killing of bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, RNA-seq analysis results showed that CD5L, known to be regulated by liver X receptor α (LXRα), was the most significantly upregulated gene in rGDF3-treated macrophages. Furthermore, we observed that rGDF3 could promote LXRα nuclear translocation and thereby, augmented phagocytosis activity in macrophages, which was similar as LXRα agonist GW3965 did. By contrast, pre-treating macrophages with LXRα antagonist GSK2033 abolished beneficial effects of rGDF3 in macrophages. In addition, rGDF3 treatment failed to enhance bacteria uptake and killing in LXRα-knockout (KO) macrophages. Taken together, these results uncover that GDF3 may represent a novel mediator for controlling bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Xingjiang Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yutian Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Vivian Wolfe
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shu-Nan Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tianqing Peng
- The Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chunting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Liu S, Gao J, He L, Zhao Z, Wang G, Zou J, Zhou L, Wan X, Tang S, Tang C. Myristica fragrans promotes ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux in THP-1-derived macrophages. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:63-71. [PMID: 33434281 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myristica fragrans is a traditional herbal medicine and has been shown to alleviate the development of atherosclerosis. However, the anti-atherogenic mechanisms of M. fragrans are still to be addressed. In this study, we explored the effect of M. fragrans on lipid metabolism and inflammation and its mechanisms in THP-1-derived macrophages. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis results showed that M. fragrans promotes cholesterol efflux from THP-1-derived macrophages and reduces intracellular total cholesterol, cholesterol ester, and free cholesterol contents in a dose- and a time-dependent manner. Further study found that liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) antagonist GGPP significantly blocked the upregulation of ABCA1 expression with M. fragrans treatment. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) can bind to the LXRα promoter, and inhibition of GATA3 led to the downregulation of LXRα and ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 expression. Furthermore, M. fragrans reduced lipid accumulation, followed by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β and increasing IL-10 produced by THP-1-derived macrophages. Therefore, M. fragrans is identified as a valuable therapeutic medicine for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangming Liu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jiahui Gao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Linhao He
- School of Pharmacy and Life Science College, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zhenwang Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jin Zou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xiangjun Wan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shilin Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Chaoke Tang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Xie Y, Feng SL, Mai CT, Zheng YF, Wang H, Liu ZQ, Zhou H, Liu L. Suppression of up-regulated LXRα by silybin ameliorates experimental rheumatoid arthritis and abnormal lipid metabolism. Phytomedicine 2021; 80:153339. [PMID: 33038868 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As dysregulation of immunometabolism plays a key role in the immunological diseases, dyslipidemia frequently observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (60%) is associated with the disease activity and has been considered as the potential target of anti-inflammatory strategy. However, targeting of metabolic events to develop novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics are far from clear as well as the mechanism of dyslipidemia in RA. PURPOSE To explore the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of silybin again RA through the regulation of lipid metabolism. METHODS Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model was used to examine the effects of silybin on modulating dysregulated lipid metabolism and arthritis. Metabolomics, docking technology, and biochemical methods such as western blots, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining were performed to understanding the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, knock-down of LXRα and LXRα agonist were used on LO2 cell lines to understand the action of silybin. RESULTS We are the first to demonstrate that silybin can ameliorate dyslipidemia and arthritis in AIA rats. Overexpression of LXRα and several key lipogenic enzymes regulated by LXRα, including lipoprotein lipase (LPL), cholesterol 7α and 27α hydroxylase (CYP7A, CYP27A), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2/FABP4) and fatty acid translocase (CD36/FAT), were observed in AIA rats, which mostly accounted for dyslipidemia during arthritis development. Metabolomics, docking technology, and biochemical results indicated that anti-arthritis effects of silybin related to suppressing the up-regulated LXRα and abnormal lipid metabolism. Notably, activation of LXRα could potentiate cell inflammatory process induced by LPS through the regulation of NF-κB pathway, however, suppression of LXRα agonism by siRNA or silybin reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB as well as the induction of downstream cytokines, indicating LXRα agonism is the important factor for the arthritis development and could be a potential target. CONCLUSION The up-regulation of LXRα can activate lipogenesis enzymes to worsen the inflammatory process in AIA rats as well as the development of dyslipidemia, therefore, rectifying lipid disorder via suppression of LXRα agonism pertains the capacity of drug target, which enables to discover and develop new drugs to treat rheumatoid arthritis with dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR.
| | - Sen-Ling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Chu-Tian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Yan-Fang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR.
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22
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Yao W, Yang P, Qi Y, Jin L, Zhao A, Ding M, Wang D, Li Y, Hao C. Transcriptome analysis reveals a protective role of liver X receptor alpha against silica particle-induced experimental silicosis. Sci Total Environ 2020; 747:141531. [PMID: 32791419 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silicosis, a severe and irreversible form of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) caused by long-term exposure to dust particles in production environments, is the biggest occupational health concern in China and most low-income countries. The transdifferentiation of pulmonary fibroblasts is the terminal event in silicosis, and specific transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in this condition. However, the relationship between TF-mediated regulation and silicosis remains unknown. We performed a transcriptomic analysis to elucidate this relationship, and our results revealed that two TFs, EGR2 and BHLHE40, were upregulated and five, i.e., TBX2, NR1H3 (LXRα), NR2F1, PPARG (PPARγ), and EPAS1, were downregulated in activated fibroblasts. Notably, PPARγ and LXRα expression was also decreased in an experimental mouse model of silicosis. The mechanism underlying these changes may involve TGF-β1 secretion from silica-exposed alveolar macrophages, causing PPARγ and LXRα downregulation, which in turn would result in aberrant α-SMA transcription. Our results suggest that LXRα is a potential target for the prevention of silicosis and PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Peiyan Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Yuanmeng Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Luheng Jin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Ahui Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Mingcui Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - YiPing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China.
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Zhao L, Lei W, Deng C, Wu Z, Sun M, Jin Z, Song Y, Yang Z, Jiang S, Shen M, Yang Y. The roles of liver X receptor α in inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:4807-4828. [PMID: 33305467 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptor α (LXRα; also known as NR1H3), an isoform of LXRs, is a member of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors and plays essential roles in the transcriptional control of cholesterol homeostasis. Previous in-depth phenotypic analyses of mouse models with deficient LXRα have also demonstrated various physiological functions of this receptor within inflammatory responses. LXRα activation exerts a combination of metabolic and anti-inflammatory actions resulting in the modulation and the amelioration of inflammatory disorders. The tight "repercussions" between LXRα and inflammation, as well as cholesterol homeostasis, have suggested that LXRα could be pharmacologically targeted in pathologies such as atherosclerosis, acute lung injury, and Alzheimer's disease. This review gives an overview of the recent advances in understanding the roles of LXRα in inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases, which will help in the design of future experimental researches on the potential of LXRα and advance the investigation of LXRα as pharmacological inflammatory targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wangrui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanbin Song
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an University, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingzhi Shen
- Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Sanya, Hainan, China.,Hainan Branch of National Clinical Reasearch Center of Geriatrics Disease, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education Life of Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Zhang T, Zhan Z, Chen Y, Chen J, Han W, Liang Z, Liu Q, Liu S, Tang L. Regulation of cytochrome P450 4F11 expression by liver X receptor alpha. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107240. [PMID: 33310663 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 4F (CYP4F) enzymes are responsible for the metabolism of eicosanoids, which play important roles in inflammation. Nuclear receptor liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) is a critical signal node connecting inflammation and lipid metabolism. Studies revealed that the release of cytokines and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) can change the CYP4F11 expression in HepG2 cells. However, the effect of LXRα on the CYP4F family and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. This study found that CYP4F11 is a target gene of LXRα. Luciferase assays and siRNA transfection showed that LXRα increased the transcription of CYP4F11 and LXRα agonist GW3965 could induce the expression of CYP4F11 by activating the LXRα-CYP4F11 pathway. Besides, overexpression of CYP4F11 could decrease TNF-α and IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 cells. The finding of the regulation of CYP4F11 may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of LXRα agonists.
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25
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Zhang F, Wang C, Jiang Y, Huang K, Liu F, Du M, Luo X, Huang D, Huang K. Yin and Yang Regulation of Liver X Receptor α Signaling Control of Cholesterol Metabolism by Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2868-2882. [PMID: 33061802 PMCID: PMC7545717 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.50042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver X receptor α (LXRα) controls a set of key genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. However, the molecular mechanism of this regulation remains unknown. The regulatory role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in cholesterol metabolism in the liver was examined. Activation of PARP1 in the liver suppressed LXRα sensing and prevented upregulation of genes involved in HCD-induced cholesterol disposal. Mechanistically, LXRα was poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated by activated PARP1, which decreased DNA binding capacity of LXRα, thus preventing its recruitment to the target promoter. Intriguingly, we found that unactivated PARP1 was indispensable for LXRα transactivation and target expression. Further exploration identified unactivated PARP1 as an essential component of the LXRα-promoter complex. Taken together, the results indicate that activated PARP1 suppresses LXRα activation through poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, while unactivated PARP1 promotes LXRα activation through physical interaction. PARP1 is a pivotal regulator of LXRα signaling and cholesterol metabolism in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.,Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.,Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.,Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Fangmei Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Meng Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.,Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Wang T, Zhao Y, You Z, Li X, Xiong M, Li H, Yan N. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Affects Cholesterol Homeostasis by Inhibiting LXRα Expression in Hepatocytes and Macrophages. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103088. [PMID: 33050595 PMCID: PMC7601278 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most common cardiovascular disease, and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) plays an important role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. Both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and LXRα can affect the metabolism of cholesterol. However, whether ER stress can modulate cholesterol metabolism by LXRα in hepatocytes and macrophages remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the relationship between ER stress induced by tunicamycin and LXRα in hepatocytes and macrophages and clarify their possible mechanisms and roles in AS. C57BL/6 mice and Huh-7 and THP-1 cells were treated with tunicamycin and LXR-623 (an agonist of LXRα) alone or in combination. Tunicamycin-induced ER stress caused liver injury; promoted the accumulation of cholesterol and triglycerides; inhibited the expression of LXRα, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in the livers of mice, thus reducing serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels; however, LXR-623 could attenuate ER stress and reverse these changes. We also obtained the same results in Huh-7 and THP-1 cells. ER stress induced by tunicamycin could clearly be reversed by activating LXRα because it promoted cholesterol efflux by enhancing the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in hepatocytes and macrophages, contributing to attenuation of the development of AS.
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27
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Lin Z, Xia S, Liang Y, Ji L, Pan Y, Jiang S, Wan Z, Tao L, Chen J, Lin C, Liang X, Xu J, Cai X. LXR activation potentiates sorafenib sensitivity in HCC by activating microRNA-378a transcription. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:8834-8850. [PMID: 32754282 PMCID: PMC7392029 DOI: 10.7150/thno.45158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib resistance is a major obstacle to the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are multifunctional regulators of gene expression with profound impact for human disease. Therefore, better understanding of the biological mechanisms of abnormally expressed miRNAs is critical to discovering novel, promising therapeutic targets for HCC treatment. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-378a-3p in the sorafenib resistance of HCC and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: A novel hub miR-378a-3p was identified based on miRNA microarray and bioinformatics analysis. The abnormal expression of miR-378-3p was validated in different HCC patient cohorts and sorafenib-resistant (SR) HCC cell lines. The functional role of miR-378a-3p and its downstream and upstream regulatory machinery were investigated by gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays in vitro and in vivo. Interactions among miR-378a-3p, LXRα, and IGF1R were examined by a series of molecular biology experiments. Then, the clinical relevance of miR-378a-3p and its targets were evaluated in HCC samples. HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model was used to assess the therapeutic value of LXRα and its downstream miR-378a-3p. Results: miR-378a-3p expression was frequently reduced in established sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines. The decreased miR-378a-3p levels correlated with poor overall survival of HCC patients following sorafenib treatment. miR-378a-3p overexpression induced apoptosis in SR HCC cells, whereas miR-378a-3p silencing exerted the opposite effects. IGF1R was identified as a novel target of miR-378a-3p. Furthermore, the primary miR-378 level was not consistent with its precursor miRNA level in SR HCC cells, which was attributed to the downregulation of exportin5 (XPO5) and subsequently reduced nuclear export of precursor miR-378 and restrained maturation of miR-378-3p. In this context, we combined an agonist GW3965 of liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), which functioned as a transcription activator of miRNA-378a, and its activation re-sensitized sorafenib-resistant cells to sorafenib treatment in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Our finding suggested decreased expression of XPO5 prevents maturation of miR-378a-3p, which leaded to the overexpression of IGF-1R and counteracted the effects of sorafenib-induced apoptosis. LXRα was able to activate miRNA-378a-3p transcription in HCC cells and could be a potential combinable treatment strategy with sorafenib to suppress HCC progression.
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Park HS, Lee K, Kim SH, Hong MJ, Jeong NJ, Kim MS. Luteolin improves hypercholesterolemia and glucose intolerance through LXRα-dependent pathway in diet-induced obese mice. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13358. [PMID: 32598492 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Luteolin, a naturally derived flavonoid, exerts beneficial effects such as antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of luteolin in hypercholesterolemia remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that luteolin upregulated the expression of liver X receptor (LXR) α, ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), and scavenger receptor class B member 1 (SRB1), which play a major role in cholesterol efflux, in HepG2 hepatocytes. Luteolin-stimulated expression of ABCG1 and SRB1 was reversed by inhibitory compound of LXRα. Luteolin administration also upregulated the expression of ABCG1, and SRB1 as well as cholesterol 7 α-hydroxylase (Cyp7α1) in the liver of diet-induced obese mice. Luteolin decreased the level of blood cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in obese mice. In addition, luteolin ameliorated glucose intolerance and reduced expression of gluconeogenesis-associated enzymes in an LXRα-dependent manner. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Luteolin is known to possess various pharmacological activities. This research revealed that luteolin ameliorates hypercholesterolemia and glucose intolerance in diet-induced obesity. The results indicate that the potential properties of luteolin in cholesterol metabolism could be explained, at least in part, as being due to upregulated expression of ABCG1, and SRB1 through activation of liver X receptor, LXRα signaling pathway in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Sook Park
- Research group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunhee Lee
- Research group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hee Kim
- Research group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Ju Hong
- Research group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Joo Jeong
- Research group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sunny Kim
- Research group of Healthcare, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
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Wang H, Zhu H, Yang X. Dioscin exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in IL-1β-stimulated human osteoarthritis chondrocytes by activating LXRα. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:340-345. [PMID: 32515238 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1775248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that characterized by the degradation of articular cartilage. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of dioscin on IL-1β-stimulated human osteoarthritis chondrocytes. METHODS The production of PGE2 and NO was measured in this study. MMP1 and MMP3 were detected by ELISA. The expression of LXRα and NF-κB were tested by western blot analysis. RESULTS Treatment of dioscin suppressed the production of PGE2 and NO, as well as the expression of COX-2 and iNOS (their key regulatory genes). Dioscin also attenuated the secretion of MMP1 and MMP3. Furthermore, dioscin inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα induced by IL-1β. The degradation of IκBα induced by IL-1β was also suppressed by dioscin. Dioscin increased the expression of LXRα and pretreatment of GGPP, the LXRα inhibitor, blocked the anti-inflammatory effects of dioscin. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this study indicated that dioscin-mediated anti-inflammatory effect may be involved in the activation of LXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haifeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang, China
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30
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Lee JH, Huang CF, Chuang YJ, Lee CY, Yu WH, Wu CC, Lin YT. Identifying new liver X receptor alpha modulators and distinguishing between agonists and antagonists by crystal ligand pocket screening. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1227-37. [PMID: 32432891 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Modulators of LXRα are of high pharmacological interest as LXRα regulates fatty acid metabolism, inflammatory processes and cancer. We aim to identify new LXRα modulators and to recognize a distinguishable feature of agonists. Results&methodology: The ligand self-dock and largest-cavity-size searching purposely located two appropriate ligand-binding sites to reach the two aims. One is identifying the new modulators from Maybridge library. 20 new compounds are confirmed by the in vitro reporter gene assay. The other is denoting an agonist by at least one best docking pose having one hydrogen bond to LXRα Helix12 His421. Conclusion: Based on the quality x-ray binding pocket, we can identify new LXRα modulators and distinguish between agonists and antagonists by molecular docking.
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Huang F, Liu H, Lei Z, Li Z, Zhang T, Yang M, Zhou K, Sun C. Long noncoding RNA CCAT1 inhibits miR-613 to promote nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via increasing LXRα transcription. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9819-9833. [PMID: 32413192 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is regarded as a threat to public health; however, the pathologic mechanism of NAFLD is not fully understood. We attempted to identify abnormally expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) and messenger RNA that may affect the occurrence and development of NAFLD in this study. The expression of differentially expressed lncRNAs in NAFLD was determined in oleic acid (OA)-treated L02 cells, and the functions of CCAT1 in lipid droplet formation were evaluated in vitro. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by microarray analysis, and DEGs related to CCTA1 were selected and verified by weighted correlation network analysis. The dynamic effects of LXRα and CCTA1 on lipid droplet formation and predicted binding was examined. The binding between miR-631 and CCAT1 and LXRα was verified. The dynamic effects of miR-613 inhibition and CCTA1 silencing on lipid droplet formation were examined. The expression and correlations of miR-631, CCAT1, and LXRα were determined in tissue samples. As the results show, CCAT1 was induced by OA and upregulated in NAFLD clinical samples. CCAT1 silencing significantly suppressed lipid droplet accumulation in vitro. LXRα was positively correlated with CCAT1. By inhibiting miR-613, CCAT1 increased the transcription of LXRα and promoted LXRα expression. The expression of LXRα was significantly increased in NAFLD tissues and was positively correlated with CCAT1. In conclusion, CCAT1 increases LXRα transcription by serving as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-613 in an LXRE-dependent manner, thereby promoting lipid droplet formation and NAFLD. CCAT1 and LXRα might be potent targets for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feizhou Huang
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huaizheng Liu
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Lei
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenzhou Li
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mingshi Yang
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kefu Zhou
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chuanzheng Sun
- Emergency Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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32
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Han X, Wei L, Wu B. PRMT5 Promotes Aerobic Glycolysis and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells by Regulating the LXRα/NF-κBp65 Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3347-3357. [PMID: 32368093 PMCID: PMC7183334 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s239730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effects of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) on the biological function of breast cancer cells (BCCs) by regulating the liver X receptor α (LXRα)/NF-κBp65 pathway. Methods A total of 80 patients with breast cancer (BC) admitted to our hospital were collected, and 80 breast cancer tissue specimens and 80 corresponding tumor-adjacent tissue specimens were sampled from them for analysis. The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to determine the expression of PRMT5 mRNA in the sampled tissues, and the Western blot to determine the expression of LXRα and NF-κBp65 proteins in the tissues and cells. The patients were followed up to analyze their 3-year survival rate. Stable and transient overexpression vectors and inhibition vectors were constructed and transfected into BCCs. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK8), transwell, and flow cytometry were adopted to analyze the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of transfected cells, on which the effects of PRMT5 on LXRα and NF-κBp65 proteins were analyzed. Results PRMT5 was highly expressed in BC patients, and LXRα was lowly expressed in them, which had a high diagnostic value. Patients with high expression of PRMT5 showed a poor prognosis, and the expression of PRMT5 was related to the tumor size, pathological stage, differentiation, and metastatic in BC patients. Overexpressed PRMT5 enhanced the cell proliferation, invasion, and glycolysis abilities, weakened apoptosis ability, further lowered expression of LXRα and increased expression of NF-κBp65, while inhibited PRMT5 caused opposite results in those aspects. Up-regulating the expression of LXRα suppressed the proliferation, invasion, and aerobic glycolysis of BCCs and promoted their apoptosis, while inhibiting it posed opposite effects. The rescue experiment revealed that down-regulating the expression of PRMT5 could counteract the promotion of down-regulation of LXRα on proliferation, invasion and glycolysis of BCCs, and the nude mouse tumorigenesis test revealed that PRMT5 induced tumor on nude mice by mediating LXRα/NF-κBp65. Conclusion Inhibition of the PRMT5 expression can accelerate apoptosis of BCCs and weaken their proliferation, invasion, and aerobic glycolysis through the LXRα/NF-κBp65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Oncology Ward 5, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Wei
- Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wu
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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33
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Liu M, Zhu D, Wen J, Ding W, Huang S, Xia C, Zhang H, Xiong Y. Berberine Promotes OATP1B1 Expression and Rosuvastatin Uptake by Inducing Nuclear Translocation of FXR and LXRα. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:375. [PMID: 32292349 PMCID: PMC7118773 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine, a quinoline alkaloid, can be used in combination with statins to enhance hypolipidemic effects and reduce the dose and side effects of statins. The hypolipidemic effects of statins in the liver are mainly regulated by organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), and the expression of OATPs is regulated by nuclear receptors. Berberine has been reported to affect nuclear receptors. However, whether berberine affects the uptake of statins by regulating nuclear receptor-mediated expression of OATPs remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of berberine on the expression of OATP1B1 in HepG2 and explore the underlying mechanism. In HepG2 cells, 10-50 μM berberine significantly increased the uptake of rosuvastatin by inducing the expression of OATP1B1 mRNA and protein. Dual-Luciferase reporter assay showed that luciferase activity of hFXR and hLXRα activated OATP1B1 promoter was increased by 2.5-50 μM berberine in a concentration-dependent manner, with half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 12.19 ± 0.86 and 32.15 ± 2.32 μM, respectively. In addition, after silencing FXR or LXRα by small interfering RNA (siRNA), berberine-induced OATP1B1 expression was significantly attenuated. Western blot analysis of FXR and LXRα protein levels in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HepG2 cells after treatment with berberine showed that berberine induced nuclear translocation and activation of FXR and LXRα. In conclusion, berberine-induced nuclear translocation of FXR and LXRα could activate OATP1B1 promoter, resulting in enhanced expression of OATP1B1 and increased uptake of rosuvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyi Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinhua Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shibo Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuqing Xiong
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Wang G, Li Z, Li X, Zhang C, Peng L. RASAL1 induces to downregulate the SCD1, leading to suppression of cell proliferation in colon cancer via LXRα/SREBP1c pathway. Biol Res 2019; 52:60. [PMID: 31847887 PMCID: PMC6918686 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have confirmed that RASAL1 has an antitumor effect in many cancers, but its functional role and the molecular mechanism underlying in colon cancer has not been investigated. Results We collected human colon cancer tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues, human colon cancer cell lines LoVo, CaCo2, SW1116, SW480 and HCT-116, and normal colonic mucosa cell line NCM460. RT-qPCR was used to detect the RASAL1 level in the clinical tissues and cell lines. In LoVo and HCT-116, RASAL1 was artificially overexpressed. Cell viability and proliferation were measured using CCK-8 assays, and cell cycle was detected via PI staining and flow cytometry analysis. RASAL1 significantly inhibited the cell proliferation via inducing cell cycle arrest, suppressed cell cycle associated protein expression, and decreased the lipid content and inhibited the SCD1 expression. Moreover, SCD1 overexpression induced and downregulation repressed cell proliferation by causing cell cycle arrest. Additionally, luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm the direct binding between SREBP1c, LXRα and SCD1 promoter, we also demonstrated that RASAL1 inhibit SCD1 3′-UTR activity. RASAL1 inhibited tumor growth in xenograft nude mice models and shows inhibitory effect of SCD1 expression in vivo. Conclusion Taken together, we concluded that RASAL1 inhibited colon cancer cell proliferation via modulating SCD1 activity through LXRα/SREBP1c pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 JingwuWeiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 JingwuWeiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 JingwuWeiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 JingwuWeiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lipan Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 JingwuWeiqi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Shuai-Cheng W, Xiu-Ling C, Jian-Qing S, Zong-Mei W, Zhen-Jiang Y, Lian-Tao L. Saikosaponin A protects chickens against pullorum disease via modulation of cholesterol. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3539-3547. [PMID: 30995307 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The worsening problem of antibiotic resistance prompts the need for alternative strategies that do not directly target bacteria. Virulent Salmonella pullorum strains can invade macrophages and lead to a systemic infection. Saikosaponin A (SSa), a bioactive saponin isolated from Radix bupleuri, has been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and cholesterol regulatory activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SSa on Salmonella-induced pullorum disease in chickens and clarify the possible mechanism. A S. pullorum-induced pullorum disease chicken model was used to confirm the protective effect of SSa in vivo. The model of HD11 cells infected with S. pullorum was used to investigate the molecular mechanism of SSa in vitro. In vivo, SSa prolonged the survival time and decreased the liver bacterial burdens in the pullorum disease model. In vitro, SSa dose-dependently suppressed the invasion of HD11 cells by S. pullorum. SSa depleted cholesterol in the lipid rafts, disrupted the formation of lipid rafts, and promoted the transcription of LXRα, ABCA1, and ABCG1. Moreover, the addition of water-soluble cholesterol and inhibition of LXRα with the LXRα antagonist geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate reversed the inhibitory effects of SSa on the invasion of HD11 cells by S. pullorum. In conclusion, the protective effect of SSa against S. pullorum infection is associated with the upregulation of the LXRα-ABCG1/ABCA1 pathway, which results in a decrease in cholesterol in the lipid rafts of HD11 cells, thereby suppressing the invasion of HD11 cells by S. pullorum. These results validate SSa as a host-target drug for the prevention of bacterial diseases, including those caused by S. pullorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Shuai-Cheng
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China.,Department of Animal Medicine, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Chu Xiu-Ling
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, P.R. China.,Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Su Jian-Qing
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Wu Zong-Mei
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhen-Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Li Lian-Tao
- Department of Animal Medicine, College of Agriculture and Forestry, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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Ren K, Li H, Zhou HF, Liang Y, Tong M, Chen L, Zheng XL, Zhao GJ. Mangiferin promotes macrophage cholesterol efflux and protects against atherosclerosis by augmenting the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10992-11009. [PMID: 31790366 PMCID: PMC6932905 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mangiferin has been identified as a potent cardioprotective factor that enhances high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in plasma. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of mangiferin on macrophage cholesterol efflux and the development of atherosclerosis. The results showed that mangiferin injection significantly decreased atherosclerotic plaque size, and reduced plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and total cholesterol in apoE knockout mice, whereas reverse cholesterol transport efficiency and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were enhanced. In vitro study showed that mangiferin prevented lipid accumulation and promoted [3H]-cholesterol efflux from acetylated LDL-loaded RAW264.7 macrophages with an increase in the expression of ATP binding cassette A1/G1 (ABCA1/G1), liver X receptor-α (LXRα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). Moreover, transfection of PPARγ siRNA or LXRα siRNA markedly abolished the positive effects of mangiferin on ABCA1/G1 expression and cholesterol efflux. The opposite effects were observed after treatment with PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone or LXRα agonist T0901317. In conclusion, mangiferin may attenuate atherogenesis by promoting cholesterol efflux from macrophages via the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/G1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ren
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hui-Fang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yin Liang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Min Tong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Targets and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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Yu B, Wu Y, Li Z. KLF4/Ch25h axis activated by metformin suppresses EndoMT in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:838-844. [PMID: 31801667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemia drug, protected endothelial cells (ECs) from dysfunction while high glucose (HG) caused endothelial dysfunction. Previously, we found that metformin suppressed endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT), a cellular process that promoted endothelial dysfunction. However, the involved mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that metformin increased the expression of krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) while HG decreased the expression of KLF4 and Ch25h. In addition, HG promoted EndoMT indicting by the decrease of endothelial maker genes and increase of mesenchymal maker genes. Furthermore, RNA sequence (RNA-seq) data showed that KLF4 suppressed EndoMT. Moreover, we proved that metformin increased Ch25h expression through not only KLF4 but also epigenetic modification including DNA methylation and active histone modification. Lastly, we proved that Ch25h/25 hydroxycholesterol (25 HC)/Liver X receptor α (LXRα) suppressed EndoMT. Altogether, our study demonstrated that KLF4/Ch25h/axis activated by metformin suppressed EndoMT. Therefore, KLF4/Ch25h/axis may be a new potential therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beixin Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Dou F, Chen J, Cao H, Jia Q, Shen D, Liu T, Chen C. Anti-atherosclerotic effects of LXRα agonist through induced conversion of M1 macrophage to M2. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:3825-3840. [PMID: 31312392 PMCID: PMC6614608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) plays important roles in lipid metabolism and inflammation. Therefore, it is essential for protection against atherosclerosis (AS). In AS plaques, the key cells involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation are macrophages. However, the mechanism by which LXRα regulates macrophage involvement in AS formation remains unclear. In this study, we first confirmed the effects of an LXRα agonist (T0901317) and antagonist (GSK2033) on foam cell formation and inflammation in vivo and in vitro. Indeed, T0901317 reduced the number of macrophages in AS plaques and decreased the number of migrated macrophages, as assessed using an in vitro transwell assay. Next, we investigated the relationship between the reduction in macrophages in AS plaques and cytokine levels or foam cell formation. The results show that T0901317 reduced the number of high cholesterol-induced M1 macrophages by converting them into M2 macrophages in vivo and in vitro. Due to this phenotypic transition of macrophages, the inflammatory response was alleviated, and lipid metabolism was enhanced in AS plaques. This effect was achieved by promoting the expression of reverse transporters (ATP-binding cassette transporter member 1 and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB-mediated phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Dou
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiulin Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qingling Jia
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Dingzhu Shen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200031, China
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Chen Z, Sun D, Bi X, Luo W, Xu A, Chen W, Jiang J, Cai D, Guo H, Cao L. Selection and evaluation of quality markers from Yinlan capsule and its LXRα-mediated therapy for hyperlipidemia. Phytomedicine 2019; 59:152896. [PMID: 30978649 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selection of active compounds for the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), specifically complex formulas, remains a challenge for researchers, as components selected as indexes usually have no clear relation with the therapeutic effects of interest. As a suggested resolution, quality control markers (Q-markers) showed good perspective for discriminating numerous compounds found for specific efficacies. In the presented study, the components of the Yinlan (YL) capsule, a TCM patent formula comprising four ingredients, were evaluated and selected for their lipid regulatory effects using principles for Q-marker selection. PURPOSE The mechanism of TCM therapeutic effects involves several pathways and targets that combine to become an integrated action in the body. Therefore, it is assumed that specific compounds in YL should have good affinity for related targets and obvious effects (both up- and downregulating). Thus, a series of experiments, including cytobiology, animal-based pharmacodynamics, computer-assisted drug design, conventional content determination and pharmacokinetics, would be helpful for the selection and final confirmation of Q-markers. METHODS The capsule was first administered to Wistar mice fed a high-fat diet and tested for their triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) values to evaluate the effectiveness of YL. Then, liver tissue was extracted for gene expression. According to the results, the compounds in YL with good affiliation were selected and determined using UHPLC-MS-MS, and those with adequate results in the capsule were chosen as Q-marker candidates. Finally, pharmacokinetics research was performed; the candidates with desirable metabolite and bioavailability parameters were confirmed as Q-markers of YL. RESULTS YL capsule was capable of lowering TG and TC levels. For target selection, the expression of LXR mRNA increased significantly at all three tested dosages. Downstream genes, such as LCAT, CYP7A1, and ABCA1, and intestinal FXR mRNA also showed significant increases in expression. For screening of the Q-marker candidates, 5 compounds were selected according to abovementioned results. The pharmacokinetics research demonstrated that the rats exploited lupeol and ginsenoside Rb3 in a desirable pattern with adequate bioavailability, which confirmed their roles as lipid regulatory Q-markers. CONCLUSION The YL capsule was demonstrated to have obvious lipid regulatory effects, which are mainly exerted by targeting LXR and its related pathway. Lupeol and ginsenoside Rb3 were validated as Q-markers that represent the anti-hyperlipidemia activity of the capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- The Fifth College of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Dongmei Sun
- The Fifth College of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 69 Jinfeng Rd., Foshan 528244, China.
| | - Xiaoli Bi
- The Fifth College of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Wenhui Luo
- The Fifth College of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 69 Jinfeng Rd., Foshan 528244, China
| | - Aili Xu
- The Fifth College of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Weitao Chen
- The Fifth College of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Jieyi Jiang
- The Fifth College of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Dake Cai
- The Fifth College of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Haoliang Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-2648, United States
| | - Lizhong Cao
- The Fifth College of Clinic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, 60 Hengfu Rd., Guangzhou 510095, China
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Suolang PC, Liu BQ, Chen J, De J, Nima ZB, Dunzhu CR. Protective effect and mechanism of Qiwei Tiexie capsule on 3T3-L1 adipocytes cells and rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating LXRα, PPARγ, and NF-κB-iNOS-NO signaling pathways. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 236:316-325. [PMID: 30851372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qiwei Tiexie capsule (QWTX) is a representative prescription of Tibetan medicine, which is widely used for long-term treatment of chronic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). AIM OF THE STUDY This study explored the effects and mechanism of QWTX on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and NAFLD rat model were used in the study. In 3T3-L1 cells, the cytotoxicity of QWTX was tested by CKK-8, and glucose uptake and fat acid oxidation were assessed by 2-deoxy-D-[3H] glucose and [1-14C] palmitic acid, respectively. The expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), liver X receptor α (LXRα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), ikappa B α (IκBα), and AKT were determined by PCR and western blot. NAFLD was established by the administration of fat emulsion and sucrose for 9 weeks. The effects of QWTX on lipid metabolism, liver function, and hepatic morphology were observed in NAFLD rats by HE and transmission electron microscope. Serum level of nitric oxide (NO) and fee fatty acid (FFA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the liver, as well as the expression levels of Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), NF-κB, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), CPT-1, LXRα, PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ, and iNOS were all detected. RESULTS QWTX showed no cell cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells, and increased the 14CO2 production rate to 4.15, which indicated the reducing the fatty accumulation. In NAFLD, QWTX attenuated liver steatosis, fat vacuoles and inflammation from the HE staining and electron micrograph tests. For the oxidative stress biomarkers, serum FFA level was reduced and serum NO level was enhanced after QWTX treatment. In liver tissue, SOD was decreased and MDA was significantly increased in NAFLD, and both of them were restored by QWTX. NF-κB and CYP2E1 were also upregulated in NAFLD, while downregulated by QWTX. Downregulation of LXRα, PPARγ and iNOS by QWTX were both observed in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes and NAFLD model. CONCLUSIONS QWTX protected the liver injury in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and NAFLD by regulating the LXRα, PPARγ, and NF-κB-iNOS-NO signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Cuo Suolang
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
| | - Bao-Qing Liu
- Department of General Surgey, The Orient Hospital of Beijing Traditional Medical University, Beijing, 100078, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
| | - Ji De
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
| | - Zha-Ba Nima
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
| | - Ci-Ren Dunzhu
- The Affliated Hospital of Tibet Tibetan Medical College, Tibet, Lhasa, 58000, China
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Liang X, Wang C, Sun Y, Song W, Lin J, Li J, Guan X. p62/mTOR/ LXRα pathway inhibits cholesterol efflux mediated by ABCA1 and ABCG1 during autophagy blockage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1093-1100. [PMID: 31101336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by abnormal lipid metabolism, and the formation of foam cells is considered an early event of atherosclerosis. Intracellular cholesterol efflux mediated by ABCA1 and ABCG1 helps to reduce lipid accumulation in foam cells. Related studies have shown that autophagy and mTOR are involved in cholesterol efflux, but the role of p62, an autophagy substrate protein, has not been evaluated. METHODS THP-1 derived macrophages were incubated with ox-LDL to establish a foam cell model and treated with different autophagy inducers. The effects of p62 on cholesterol efflux were investigated using overexpression vectors, gene silencing and western blotting. RESULTS This study showed a blockage of autophagy and decreased expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 under the stress of excess ox-LDL in a concentration-dependent manner in THP-1 cells. Furthermore, the activation of autophagy led to increased expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, as well as their upstream transcription factor LXRα, thereby promoting cholesterol efflux from foam cells. We also demonstrated that accumulated p62 played an important role during autophagy blockage, which was achieved by activating mTOR and then inhibited the expression of LXRα and its downstream target proteins ABCA1 and ABCG1. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our experiments demonstrated that a p62/mTOR/LXRα signaling pathway was involved in cholesterol efflux mediated by ABCA1 and ABCG1 when autophagy blockage occurred. Our study offers a rationale for the development of autophagy and p62 as a new target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Yan Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Wei Song
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jing Lin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jiashan Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Xiuru Guan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Xiong T, Li Z, Huang X, Lu K, Xie W, Zhou Z, Tu J. TO901317 inhibits the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by LXRα/Glut1 decreasing glycometabolism. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G598-G607. [PMID: 30817182 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00061.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to observe the effect and possible mechanism of TO901317 in vivo and in vitro to provide a new basis for the targeted therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expressions of liver X receptor (LXR)-α, glucose transporter (Glut)-1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were analyzed from HCC public database (NCBI PubMed database). The result showed that LXRα was downregulated, whereas Glut1, PCNA, and MMP9 were upregulated in human HCC compared with normal liver. Furthermore, LXRα mRNA was negatively correlated with Glut1 mRNA. At the same time, HCC cells were cultivated in vitro and axillary injected in nude mice to establish the xenograft model. The xenograft in the TO901317-treated group was slower and smaller than the control group. The protein expression of LXRα, Glut1, and MMP9 could be detected by Western blot and glucose level. As a result, TO901317 could inhibit the cell proliferation of HCC in a dose-dependent manner by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. With the increase of TO901317 concentration, the cellular glucose concentration and ATP level were gradually decreased. Western blot results showed TO901317 could upregulate LXRα expression but downregulate MMP9 and Glut1 expression. Transwell and wound-healing analysis confirmed that, by increasing the concentration of TO901317, the cell invasion and migration were both decreased. LXRα small-interfering RNA (siRNA) could relieve the suppression effect of TO901317 on the cell invasion and migration and the expression of LXRα, Glut1, and MMP9. The glucose concentration was also raised. TO901317 could repress the progress of HCC cells by reducing the glucose concentration, upregulating LXRα expression, but downregulating the expression of Glut1 and MMP9. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This subject confirmed that TO901317, a specific liver X receptor agonist, could inhibit the progression of liver cancer through upregulating liver X receptor-α, downregulating the expression of glucose transporter-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and decreasing the glucose content in SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiong
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Li
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelong Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiqiang Lu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiquan Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Zhu Y, Chen X, Rao X, Zheng C, Peng X. Saikosaponin a ameliorates lipopolysaccharide and d‑galactosamine-induced liver injury via activating LXRα. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:131-137. [PMID: 30981078 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saikosaponin a (SSa), one of the major active components of Bupleurum falcatum, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pharmacological properties. However, the effects of SSa on liver injury have not been reported. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects and mechanisms of SSa on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/d‑galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced liver injury. The mice were pretreated with SSa 1 h before LPS/D-GalN treatment. The liver MPO, MDA, and the serum AST and ALT levels were tested by specific determination kits. The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β were tested by ELISA kits. The expression of NF-κB signaling pathway and LXRα were tested by western blot analysis. The results showed that SSa significantly reduced the levels of liver MPO, MDA, and serum AST, ALT levels induced by LPS/D-GalN. SSa also dose-dependently inhibited LPS/D-GalN-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β production. Furthermore, we found that SSa inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway activation induced by LPS/D-GalN. In addition, SSa dose-dependently increased the expression of LXRα. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that SSa had protective effect on liver injury and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of SSa on LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury may be due to its ability to increase LXRα expression. SSa might be a potential treatment for liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhong Zhu
- Department of Infecious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 321012, China.
| | - Xiaobei Chen
- Department of Infecious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 321012, China
| | - Xianlin Rao
- Department of Infecious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 321012, China
| | - Chunhua Zheng
- Department of Infecious Diseases, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 321012, China
| | - Xiaomou Peng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital SUN YAT-SEN University, Guangzhou, China
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Hu X, Zhang N, Fu Y. Role of Liver X Receptor in Mastitis Therapy and Regulation of Milk Fat Synthesis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:73-83. [PMID: 30066175 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9403-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is important disease that causes huge economic losses in the dairy industry. In recent years, antibiotic therapy has become the primary treatment for mastitis, however, due to drug residue in milk and food safety factors, we lack safe and effective drugs for treating mastitis. Therefore, new targets and drugs are urgently needed to control mastitis. LXRα, one of the main members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is reported to play important roles in metabolism, infection and immunity. Activation of LXRα could inhibit LPS-induced mastitis. Furthermore, LXRα is reported to enhance milk fat production, thus, LXRα may serve as a new target for mastitis therapy and regulation of milk fat synthesis. This review summarizes the effects of LXRα in regulating milk fat synthesis and treatment of mastitis and highlights the potential agonists involved in both issues.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Cattle
- Dairying
- Escherichia coli/isolation & purification
- Escherichia coli/pathogenicity
- Female
- Global Burden of Disease
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Lactation/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism
- Liver X Receptors/agonists
- Liver X Receptors/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/microbiology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/cytology
- Mammary Glands, Human/immunology
- Mammary Glands, Human/microbiology
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Mastitis/drug therapy
- Mastitis/immunology
- Mastitis/microbiology
- Mastitis, Bovine/drug therapy
- Mastitis, Bovine/epidemiology
- Mastitis, Bovine/immunology
- Mastitis, Bovine/microbiology
- Membrane Microdomains/metabolism
- Milk/metabolism
- Prevalence
- Receptors, Pattern Recognition/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Hu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Naisheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunhe Fu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130062, People's Republic of China.
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Li P, Wang G, Zhang XL, He GL, Luo X, Yang J, Luo Z, Shen TT, Yang XS. MicroRNA-155 Promotes Heat Stress-Induced Inflammation via Targeting Liver X Receptor α in Microglia. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:12. [PMID: 30778287 PMCID: PMC6369214 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The neuroinflammatory responses of microglial cells play an important role in the process of brain dysfunction caused by heat stroke. MicroRNAs are reportedly involved in a complex signaling network and have been identified as neuroinflammatory regulators. In this study, we determined the biological roles of microRNA-155 in the inflammatory responses in heat-stressed microglia and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: MicroRNA-155 mimic and inhibitor were used to separately upregulate or downregulate microRNA-155 expression. The activation state of BV-2 microglial cells (BV-2 cells) was assessed via immunoreactions using the microglial marker CD11b and CD68. Levels of induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling proteins was evaluated by Western blotting for inhibitory kappa B alpha (IκBα) and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and indirect immunofluorescence analysis using a p65 phosphorylation antibody. A luciferase reporter assay was used to verify liver X receptor α (LXRα) as a target gene of microRNA-155. Results: Heat stress significantly induced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α release and increased the expression of CD11b and CD68. In addition, IκBα and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation were dramatically increased by heat stress, and microRNA-155 expression was also elevated. High expression of microRNA-155 in heat-stressed microglial cells was inversely correlated with LXRα expression. We then determined the role of microRNA-155 in the heat stress-induced inflammatory responses. The results revealed that by targeting LXRα, microRNA-155 enhanced NF-κB signaling activation and facilitated immune inflammation in heat stress-treated BV-2 cells. Conclusion: MicroRNA-155 promotes heat stress-induced inflammatory responses in microglia. The underlying mechanisms may include facilitating inflammatory factors expression by increasing NF-κB pathway activation via targeting LXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gong Wang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, China
| | - Gen-Lin He
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Sen Yang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Abstract
In the present study, we used the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of taraxasterol on vascular inflammation. HUVECs were pre-treated with taraxasterol 1 h before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-8, PGE2, and NO were measured. The expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, and LXRα was detected by western blot analysis. The results showed that taraxasterol not only reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-8, PGE2, and NO induced by LPS, but also reduced the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Taraxasterol also suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB activation and VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression. Furthermore, taraxasterol concentration-dependently increased the expression of LXRα. The inhibition of taraxasterol on TNF-α, IL-8, PGE2, and NO production can be reversed by geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP, the LXRα inhibitor). Here, we found that taraxasterol inhibited vascular inflammation through activating LXRα.
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Ontawong A, Duangjai A, Muanprasat C, Pasachan T, Pongchaidecha A, Amornlerdpison D, Srimaroeng C. Lipid-lowering effects of Coffea arabica pulp aqueous extract in Caco-2 cells and hypercholesterolemic rats. Phytomedicine 2019; 52:187-197. [PMID: 30599898 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coffea arabica pulp (CP) is the first by-product obtained from coffee berries during coffee processing. The major constituents of CP, including chlorogenic acid, caffeine, and epicatechin exhibit anti-hyperlipidemic effects in in vitro and in vivo models. Whether Coffea arabica pulp aqueous extract (CPE) has a lipid-lowering effect remains unknown. PURPOSE This study examined the effect of CPE on cholesterol absorption, and identified the mechanisms involved in lowered cholesterol in in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS Uptake of [3H]-cholesterol micelles and the mode of CPE inhibition were determined using human intestinal Caco-2 cells, and subsequently, confirmed using isolated rat jejunal loops. In addition, the 12-week high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rats (HF) received either CPE (1000 mg/kg BW), a sole and high dose which was selected because it contained approximately 12 mg of CGA that was previously shown to have lipid-lowering effects, or ezetimibe (10 mg/kg BW), a cholesterol inhibitor. The rats were divided into HF, HF ++ CPE, and HF ++ ezetimibe groups for the next 12 weeks. Normal rats received a normal diet (ND) and CPE (ND + CPE). Body weights and lipid profiles were evaluated. Cholesterol transporter, Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1), protein expression and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) mRNA expression were determined. In vitro micellar complex properties were also investigated. RESULTS CPE inhibited [3H]-cholesterol micelle transport in Caco-2 cells and rat jejunal loops in a dose-dependent, non-competitive manner partly by decreasing membrane NPC1L1 expression. Congruently, CPE and its major constituents activated LXRα which, in turn, down-regulated NPC1L1. Furthermore, CPE interfered with physicochemical characteristics of cholesterol mixed micelles. These data were consistent with decreased body weight and slowed body weight gain and improved lipid profiles by CPE in hypercholesterolemic rats while no change occurred in these parameters in normal rats. Down-regulated intestinal NPC1L1 expression mediated by increased LXRα mRNA were also observed in HF ++ CPE and ND + CPE rats. CONCLUSION CPE has a cholesterol-lowering effect in in vitro and in vivo via inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption by down-regulating NPC1L1 mediated LXRα activation and interfering with micellar complex formation. Accordingly, CPE could be developed as nutraceutical product to prevent dyslipidemia-induced obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atcharaporn Ontawong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intavaroros Rd., Sri-phum District, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Acharaporn Duangjai
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tipthida Pasachan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intavaroros Rd., Sri-phum District, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intavaroros Rd., Sri-phum District, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Chutima Srimaroeng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intavaroros Rd., Sri-phum District, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Pan YX, Zhuo MQ, Li DD, Xu YH, Wu K, Luo Z. SREBP-1 and LXRα pathways mediated Cu-induced hepatic lipid metabolism in zebrafish Danio rerio. Chemosphere 2019; 215:370-379. [PMID: 30336314 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of Cu-induced disorder of lipid metabolism in fish. To this end, adult zebrafish were exposed to three waterborne Cu concentrations (0 (control), 8 and 16 μg Cu/L, respectively) for 60 days. Hepatic Cu content and hepatosomatic index increased after waterborne Cu exposure. H&E and oil red O stainings showed extensive steatosis in the liver of Cu-exposed fish. Cu exposure up-regulated lipogenic enzymes activities of ME, ICDH, 6PGD, G6PD and FAS, but down-regulated CPTI activities. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that lipid metabolism related pathways were significantly enriched in both low-dose and high-dose Cu exposure group. Genes involved in lipogenic process from fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, fatty acid desaturation to glycerolipid biosynthesis were up-regulated by Cu. To elucidate the mechanism, LXRα inhibitor SR9243 and SREBP1 inhibitor fatostatin were used to verify the role of LXRα and SREBP1 in Cu-induced disorder of lipid metabolism. Both SR9243 and fatostatin significantly attenuated the Cu-induced increase of TG accumulation of hepatocytes. Meanwhile, SR9243 significantly attenuated the Cu-induced up-regulation of expression of lipogenic genes (acaca, fas, icdh, dgat1, moat2 and moat3), and fatostatin significantly attenuated the up-regulation of expression of acaca, fas, g6pd, dgat1 and moat2. Enzymes analysis showed both SR9243 and fatostatin blocked the Cu-induced increase of lipogenic enzymes activities. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of LXRα and SREBP1 in Cu-induced hepatic lipid deposition, which proposed a novel mechanism for elucidating metal element exposure inducing the disorder of lipid metabolism in aquatic vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiong Pan
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha 410003, China
| | - Mei-Qing Zhuo
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi-Huan Xu
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Centre of Hubei Province, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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49
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Levy D, de Melo TC, Oliveira BA, Paz JL, de Freitas FA, Reichert CO, Rodrigues A, Bydlowski SP. 7-Ketocholesterol and cholestane-triol increase expression of SMO and LXRα signaling pathways in a human breast cancer cell line. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 19:100604. [PMID: 31463370 PMCID: PMC6709374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are 27-carbon oxidation products of cholesterol metabolism. Oxysterols possess several biological actions, including the promotion of cell death. Here, we examined the ability of 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), cholestane-3β-5α-6β-triol (triol), and a mixture of 5α-cholestane-3β,6β-diol and 5α-cholestane-3β,6α-diol (diol) to promote cell death in a human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). We determined cell viability, after 24-h incubation with oxysterols. These oxysterols promoted apoptosis. At least part of the observed effects promoted by 7-KC and triol arose from an increase in the expression of the sonic hedgehog pathway mediator, smoothened. However, this increased expression was apparently independent of sonic hedgehog expression, which did not change. Moreover, these oxysterols led to increased expression of LXRα, which is involved in cellular cholesterol efflux, and the ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1. Diols did not affect these pathways. These results suggested that the sonic hedgehog and LXRα pathways might be involved in the apoptotic process promoted by 7-KC and triol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Levy
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Thatiana Correa de Melo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica L. Paz
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. de Freitas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cadiele O. Reichert
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sergio P. Bydlowski
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Hematology (LIM31), Department of Hematology, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa (INCT-Regenera), CNPq, Brazil
- Correspondence to: Department of Hematology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av.Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar,155, 1st floor, room 43, 05403-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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50
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Jin P, Bian Y, Wang K, Cong G, Yan R, Sha Y, Ma X, Zhou J, Yuan Z, Jia S. Homocysteine accelerates atherosclerosis via inhibiting LXRα-mediated ABCA1/ABCG1-dependent cholesterol efflux from macrophages. Life Sci 2018; 214:41-50. [PMID: 30393020 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Macrophage-derived foam-cell formation plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis, and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) is a key regulator of lipid metabolism in macrophages. Homocysteine (Hcy) is an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis; however, the regulation of lipid metabolism and role of LXRα induced by Hcy in macrophages is still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of Hcy in disordered lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic lesions, especially the effects of Hcy on cholesterol efflux in macrophages and the possible mechanisms. MAIN METHODS In vitro, lipid accumulation and cholesterol efflux were evaluated in THP-1 macrophages with Hcy intervention. Real-time quantitative PCR and western blot analyses were used to assess mRNA and protein levels. In vivo, atherosclerotic lesions and lipid profiles were evaluated by methionine diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in ApoE-/- mice. The LXRα agonist T0901317 was used to verify the role of LXRα in HHcy-accelerated atherosclerosis. KEY FINDINGS Hcy promoted lipid accumulation and inhibited cholesterol efflux in THP-1 macrophages. HHcy mice showed increased lesion area and lipid accumulation in plaque. Both studies in vitro and in vivo showed decreased expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1). T0901317 treatment increased ABCA1 and ABCG1 levels; reversed macrophage-derived foam-cell formation in THP-1 macrophages and reduced atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice. SIGNIFICANCE Inhibition of LXRα-mediated ABCA1/ABCG1-dependent cholesterol efflux from macrophages is a novel mechanism in Hcy-accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Yitong Bian
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Guangzhi Cong
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Ru Yan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Yong Sha
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Xueping Ma
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Shaobin Jia
- Heart Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China.
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