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Wu WQ, Li K, Chu LL, Shen TT, Li Y, Xu YY, Zhang QL, Liu CF, Liu J, Zhou XP, Luo WF. Association analyses between the variants of SNAP25, SV2C and ST3GAL2 and the efficacy of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of the primary Meige syndrome. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28543. [PMID: 38628704 PMCID: PMC11019161 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Individual differences were observed in the clinical efficacy of Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) in the treatment of the primary Meige syndrome. Our study aimed to explore the potential associations between the clinical efficacy of BoNT-A in the treatment of the primary Meige syndrome and variants of SNAP25, SV2C and ST3GAL2, which are involving in the translocation of the BoNT-A in vivo. Methods Patients with the primary Meige syndrome treated with BoNT-A were enrolled. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by the maximum improvement rate of motor symptoms and the duration of efficacy. Variants of SNAP25, SV2C and ST3GAL2 were obtained by Sanger sequencing. Another cohort diagnosed with primary cervical dystonia was also enrolled in the replication stage. Results Among the 104 primary Meige syndrome patients, 80 patients (76.9%) had a good efficacy (the maximum improvement rate of motor symptoms ≥30%) and 24 (23. 1%) had a poor (the maximum improvement rate of motor symptoms <30%). As to the duration of efficacy, 52 patients (50.0%) had a long duration of efficacy (≥4 months), and 52 (50.0%) had a short (<4 months). In terms of primary Meige syndrome, SNAP25 rs6104571 was found associating with the maximum improvement rate of motor symptoms (Genotype: P = 0.02, OR = 0.26; Allele: P = 0.013, OR = 0.29), and SV2C rs31244 was found associating with the duration of efficacy (Genotype: P = 0.024, OR = 0.13; Allele: P = 0.012, OR = 0.13). Besides, we also conducted the association analyses between the variants and BoNT-A-related adverse reactions. Although, there was no statistical difference between the allele of SV2C rs31244 and BoNT-A-related adverse reactions, there was a trend (P = 0.077, OR = 2.56). In the replication stage, we included 39 patients with primary cervical dystonia to further expanding the samples' size. Among the 39 primary cervical dystonia patients, 25 patients (64.1%) had a good efficacy (the maximum improvement rate of motor symptoms ≥50%) and 14 (35.9%) had a poor (the maximum improvement rate of motor symptoms <50%). As to the duration of efficacy, 32 patients (82.1%) had a long duration of efficacy (≥6 months), and 7 (17.9%) had a short (<6 months). Integrating primary Meige syndrome and primary cervical dystonia, SV2C rs31244 was still found associating with the duration of efficacy (Genotype: P = 0.002, OR = 0. 23; Allele: P = 0.001, OR = 0. 25). Conclusion In our study, SNAP25 rs6104571 was associated with the maximum improvement rate of motor symptoms in patients with primary Meige syndrome treated with BoNT-A, and patients carrying this variant had a lower improvement rate of motor symptoms. SV2C rs31244 was associated with duration of treatment in patients with primary Meige syndrome treated with BoNT-A and patients carrying this variant had a shorter duration of treatment. Patients with primary Meige syndrome carrying SV2C rs31244 G allele have an increase likelihood of BoNT-A-related adverse reactions. Involving 39 patients with primary cervical dystonia, the results further verify that SV2C rs31244 was associated with duration of treatment and patients carrying this variant had a shorter duration of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qi Wu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu-Lu Chu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying-Ying Xu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi-Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu-Ping Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei-Feng Luo
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
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Jiang R, Shen TT, Zhu HY, Fu YQ, Jiang ST, Li JB, Wang JL. Magnetic Fe 3O 4 embedded chitosan-crosslinked-polyacrylamide composites with enhanced removal of food dye: Characterization, adsorption and mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:1234-1244. [PMID: 36464188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The water solubility in acid solution, relative low adsorption capacities and unsatisfactory separation performance limit application of traditional chitosan-based adsorbents in wastewater treatment. To break the limitation, a hydrophilic magnetic Fe3O4 embedded chitosan-crosslinked-polyacrylamide composites (abbreviated as m-CS-c-PAM) were prepared by a two-step method. The m-CS-c-PAM composites were systematically characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR, VSM, TGA and BET. Sunset yellow (SY) was selected as model food dye to investigate adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of food dye adsorption onto m-CS-c-PAM. Compared with magnetic Fe3O4/chitosan, m-CS-c-PAM can adapt to a wider range of pH (2-10) and resist the presence of inorganic salts. m-CS-c-PAM was proved to have high adsorption capacity (359.71 mg g-1) for SY dye at 298 K, much higher than magnetic Fe3O4/chitosan and many reported adsorbents. Moreover, m-CS-c-PAM could be rapidly and efficiently separated from treated solution within 15 s by an external magnet and regenerated by NaOH solution. With its excellent adsorption capacity, pH-independent adsorption capability for food dye, easy and convenient separation ability, satisfactory reusability, m-CS-c-PAM can be a promising material for food wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua-Yue Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China.
| | - Yong-Qian Fu
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Biomass Functional Materials Development and Application, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Jian-Bing Li
- Environmental Engineering Program, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Jian-Ling Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
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Wu YL, Wu JX, Shen TT, Chai HS, Chen HF, Zhang Q. Quzhi Formula Alleviates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Impairing Hepatocyte Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation via Bip/eIF2α Signaling. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:1050-1058. [PMID: 36381096 PMCID: PMC9634762 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The Quzhi formula, a Chinese medicine compound prescription, relieves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) symptoms. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the Quzhi formula against NASH. METHODS A choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet induced a NASH mouse model and a free fatty acid-induced mouse hepatocyte cell model were used to evaluate the function of Quzhi formula in vivo and in vitro. Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology were performed to uncover the possible protective mechanisms of the Quzhi formula against NASH. Key factors in liver lipid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway were evaluated to verify the mechanism. RESULTS The positive contribution of the Quzhi formula on NASH was confirmed in vivo and in vitro. Abnormal accumulation of lipid in the liver and inflammatory responses were significantly decreased by the Quzhi formula. Network pharmacological analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that the Quzhi formula protected against NASH by regulating ER stress and inflammatory responses, which was enhanced by further molecular docking analysis. In addition, mechanism exploration showed that Quzhi formula mainly reduced ER stress by downregulating Bip/eIF2α signaling. CONCLUSIONS The Quzhi formula protected against NASH by inhibiting lipid accumulation, ER stress, and inflammatory responses, which supports the potential use of Quzhi formula as an alternative treatment for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Lan Wu
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao-Xiang Wu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Sheng Chai
- Shanghai municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Fen Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Qin Zhang, Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0150-488X. Tel: +86-21-52039999-79305, Fax: +86-21-52039795, E-mail: ; Hui-Fen Chen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 536 ChangLe Road, Shanghai 200040, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6630-7035. Tel: +86-21-54033031, Fax: +86-21-50730190, E-mail:
| | - Qin Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence to: Qin Zhang, Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0150-488X. Tel: +86-21-52039999-79305, Fax: +86-21-52039795, E-mail: ; Hui-Fen Chen, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 536 ChangLe Road, Shanghai 200040, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6630-7035. Tel: +86-21-54033031, Fax: +86-21-50730190, E-mail:
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Shen TT, Wang L, Shang CH, Zhen YC, Fang YL, Wei LL, Zhou T, Bai JT, Li B. The Arabidopsis J-Protein AtDjC5 Facilitates Thermotolerance Likely by Aiding in the ER Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113134. [PMID: 36361922 PMCID: PMC9654137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AtDjC5 belongs to the J-protein family in Arabidopsis thaliana. Its biological functions remain unclear. In this study, we examined the roles of AtDjC5 in resisting heat stress using reverse genetic analysis. After the seedlings were exposed directly to 44 °C for 90 min, AtDjC5 knockout seedlings displayed decreases in the survival rate, membrane system stability, and cell vitality compared to WT seedlings, indicating that AtDjC5 is involved in plant basal thermotolerance. The AtDjC5 knockout seedlings pre-exposed to 37 °C for 30 min exhibited decreases in the survival rate and total chlorophyll contents and increased cell death when they were subsequently exposed to 45 °C compared to the WT seedlings, indicating that AtDjC5 plays an important role in plant acquired thermotolerance. AtDjC5 was found to localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. The expression of the AtDjC5 gene was induced by heat and TM (an ER stress inducer) treatment. Furthermore, we found that the knockout of AtDjC5 inhibited ER stress-induced autophagy and the expression of ER stress-related genes. Taken together, these results suggest that AtDjC5 facilitates thermotolerance, likely by aiding in the ER stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bing Li
- Correspondence: (J.-T.B.); (B.L.)
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Li SY, Zhang Y, Shen TT, Lu TT, Li X. Measuring of strain parameters reflects changes of right ventricular function before and after thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 38:2199-2208. [PMID: 37726462 PMCID: PMC10509108 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-022-02626-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Strain parameters on speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) have been proposed as effective indexes for evaluating right ventricular (RV) function. This pilot study investigated the role of STE-derived strain parameters in assessing global and regional RV myocardial mechanical changes in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) before and after thrombolytic therapy. In this case-control study, a total of 73 PE patients, 34 with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and 39 without PH, who underwent thrombolytic therapy were included. Healthy volunteers were included as controls. The peak longitudinal systolic strain (PLSS) and time to PLSS (TTP) for the global and regional RV were analyzed by STE software immediately before and 14 days after thrombolytic therapy. Changes in STE-derived strain parameters and conventional ultrasound parameters were compared. PLSS and TTP decreased before treatment in PE patients compared with measurements in the control group, particularly in those with PH. Also, the strain parameters decreased more significantly for the free wall than for the septum wall (P < 0.05). Moreover, the RV diastolic diameter (RVDD) and RV/left ventricular (LV) diameter ratio increased, while RV fraction shortening (RVFS), RV fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG), and tricuspid annular peak systolic excursion (TAPSE) decreased (P < 0.05). The global strain parameters for the RV were positively correlated with RVDD and RV/LV diameter ratio, but negatively correlated with RVFS, RVFAC, TRPG, and TAPSE (P < 0.05). After treatment, the strain parameters differed significantly between PE patients with PH and controls but did not differ between PE patients without PH and controls. STE-derived parameters are effective for detecting changes in global and regional RV function in PE patients with or without acute PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yi Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The People's Hospital of Hunan Province, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The People's Hospital of Hunan Province, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Ultrasonography, The People's Hospital of Hunan Province, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Tian-Tian Lu
- Department of Ultrasonography, The People's Hospital of Hunan Province, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, The People's Hospital of Hunan Province, No. 61 Jiefang West Road, Changsha, 410005, China
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Huang KY, Kan SL, Shen TT, Gong P, Feng YY, Du H, Zhao YP, Wan T, Wang XQ, Ran JH. A Comprehensive Evolutionary Study of Chloroplast RNA Editing in Gymnosperms: A Novel Type of G-to-A RNA Editing Is Common in Gymnosperms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810844. [PMID: 36142757 PMCID: PMC9505161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although more than 9100 plant plastomes have been sequenced, RNA editing sites of the whole plastome have been experimentally verified in only approximately 21 species, which seriously hampers the comprehensive evolutionary study of chloroplast RNA editing. We investigated the evolutionary pattern of chloroplast RNA editing sites in 19 species from all 13 families of gymnosperms based on a combination of genomic and transcriptomic data. We found that the chloroplast C-to-U RNA editing sites of gymnosperms shared many common characteristics with those of other land plants, but also exhibited many unique characteristics. In contrast to that noted in angiosperms, the density of RNA editing sites in ndh genes was not the highest in the sampled gymnosperms, and both loss and gain events at editing sites occurred frequently during the evolution of gymnosperms. In addition, GC content and plastomic size were positively correlated with the number of chloroplast RNA editing sites in gymnosperms, suggesting that the increase in GC content could provide more materials for RNA editing and facilitate the evolution of RNA editing in land plants or vice versa. Interestingly, novel G-to-A RNA editing events were commonly found in all sampled gymnosperm species, and G-to-A RNA editing exhibits many different characteristics from C-to-U RNA editing in gymnosperms. This study revealed a comprehensive evolutionary scenario for chloroplast RNA editing sites in gymnosperms, and reported that a novel type of G-to-A RNA editing is prevalent in gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Sheng-Long Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Pin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yun-Peng Zhao
- Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Wan
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Hua Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence:
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Xie X, Shen TT, Bi HL, Su ZL, Liao ZQ, Zhang Y, Shi L, Xia YL. Melatonin inhibits angiotensin II-induced atrial fibrillation through preventing degradation of Ang II Type I Receptor-Associated Protein (ATRAP). Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115146. [PMID: 35710020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) induced Atrial fibrillation (AF) often accompanied with reduced ATRAP which is a negative modulator of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R). Melatonin can protect against AF, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, Ang II was used to induce AF, and AF inducibility and duration were documented telemetrically. Ang II-infused mice had a higher AF incidence, which was associated with atrial fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Melatonin partially inhibited these effects, and enforced expression of siRNA-ATRAP in atria counteracted the beneficial role of melatonin. Specifically, melatonin inhibited expression of Ang II-induced proteasome and immunoproteasome subunits β2, β2i, β5, and β5i as well as their corresponding trypsin-like and chymotrypsin-like activities and blocked ATRAP degradation. In turn, this inhibited AT1R-mediated NF-κB signaling, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad signaling in the atria, and thereby affected atrial remodeling and AF. Melatonin receptor inhibition by the chemical inhibitor luzindole partially inhibited the inhibitory effects of melatonin on proteasome activity and also Ang II-induced pathological changes in the atria. Overall, our study demonstrates that melatonin protects against Ang II-induced AF by inhibiting proteasome activity and stabilizing ATRAP expression, and these effects are partially dependent on melatonin receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hai-Lian Bi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Zhuo-Lin Su
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Zi-Qi Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Yun-Long Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China.
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Li P, Luo X, Luo Z, He GL, Shen TT, Yu XT, Wang ZZ, Tan YL, Liu XQ, Yang XS. Increased miR-155 in Microglial Exosomes Following Heat Stress Accelerates Neuronal Autophagy via Their Transfer Into Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:865568. [PMID: 35634460 PMCID: PMC9132214 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.865568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stroke is the outcome of excessive heat stress, which results in core temperatures exceeding 40°C accompanied by a series of complications. The brain is particularly vulnerable to damage from heat stress. In our previous studies, both activated microglia and increased neuronal autophagy were found in the cortices of mice with heat stroke. However, whether activated microglia can accelerate neuronal autophagy under heat stress conditions is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanism that caused neuronal autophagy upregulation in heat stroke from the perspective of exosome-mediated intercellular communication. Methods In this study, BV2 and N2a cells were used instead of microglia and neurons, respectively. Exosomes were extracted from BV2 culture supernatants by ultracentrifugation and then characterized via transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting. N2a cells pretreated with/without miR-155 inhibitor were cocultured with microglial exosomes that were treated with/without heat stress or miR-155 overexpression and subsequently subjected to heat stress treatment. Autophagy in N2a cells was assessed by detecting autophagosomes and autophagy-related proteins through transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. The expression of miR-155 in BV2 and BV2 exosomes and N2a cells was measured using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Target binding analysis was verified via a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results N2a autophagy moderately increased in response to heat stress and accelerated by BV2 cells through transferring exosomes to neurons. Furthermore, we found that neuronal autophagy was positively correlated with the content of miR-155 in microglial exosomes. Inhibition of miR-155 partly abolished autophagy in N2a cells, which was increased by coculture with miR-155-upregulated exosomes. Mechanistic analysis confirmed that Rheb is a functional target of miR-155 and that microglial exosomal miR-155 accelerated heat stress-induced neuronal autophagy mainly by regulating the Rheb-mTOR signaling pathway. Conclusion Increased miR-155 in microglial exosomes after heat stroke can induce neuronal autophagy via their transfer into neurons. miR-155 exerted these effects by targeting Rheb, thus inhibiting the activity of mTOR signaling. Therefore, miR-155 could be a promising target for interventions of neuronal autophagy after heat stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gen-Lin He
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Ting Yu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ze-Ze Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Long Tan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Liu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Sen Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Xue-Sen Yang,
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Yuan QZ, Wan FS, Shen TT, Cao DK. Two cyclometalated Pt( ii) complexes showing reversible phosphorescence switching due to grinding-induced destruction and crystallization-induced formation of supramolecular dimer structure. RSC Adv 2022; 12:148-153. [PMID: 35424484 PMCID: PMC8978655 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07142d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two Pt(ii) complexes 1 and 2 reveal similar supramolecular dimer structure, in which two [Pt(dfppy/ppy)(pbdtmi)]+ cations connect each other through the π⋯π stacking interaction. Thus these complexes show reversible phosphorescence switching by grinding and crystallization with toluene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Zhen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Shun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Deng-Ke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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10
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Xia XM, Yang MQ, Li CL, Huang SX, Jin WT, Shen TT, Wang F, Li XH, Yoichi W, Zhang LH, Zheng YR, Wang XQ. Spatiotemporal evolution of the global species diversity of Rhododendron. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6413646. [PMID: 34718707 PMCID: PMC8760938 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary radiation is a widely recognized mode of species diversification, but its underlying mechanisms have not been unambiguously resolved for species-rich cosmopolitan plant genera. In particular, it remains largely unknown how biological and environmental factors have jointly driven its occurrence in specific regions. Here, we use Rhododendron, the largest genus of woody plants in the Northern Hemisphere, to investigate how geographic and climatic factors, as well as functional traits, worked together to trigger plant evolutionary radiations and shape the global patterns of species richness based on a solid species phylogeny. Using 3,437 orthologous nuclear genes, we reconstructed the first highly supported and dated backbone phylogeny of Rhododendron comprising 200 species that represent all subgenera, sections, and nearly all multispecies subsections, and found that most extant species originated by evolutionary radiations when the genus migrated southward from circumboreal areas to tropical/subtropical mountains, showing rapid increases of both net diversification rate and evolutionary rate of environmental factors in the Miocene. We also found that the geographically uneven diversification of Rhododendron led to a much higher diversity in Asia than in other continents, which was mainly driven by two environmental variables, that is, elevation range and annual precipitation, and were further strengthened by the adaptation of leaf functional traits. Our study provides a good example of integrating phylogenomic and ecological analyses in deciphering the mechanisms of plant evolutionary radiations, and sheds new light on how the intensification of the Asian monsoon has driven evolutionary radiations in large plant genera of the Himalaya-Hengduan Mountains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Miao-Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Cong-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Si-Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Tao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Fei Wang
- West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan 611834, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Li
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangxi 332900, China
| | - Watanabe Yoichi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Chiba 271-8510, Japan
| | - Le-Hua Zhang
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangxi 332900, China
| | - Yuan-Run Zheng
- West China Subalpine Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sichuan 611834, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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11
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He GL, Wang ZZ, Yu XT, Shen TT, Luo Z, Li P, Luo X, Tan YL, Gao P, Yang XS. The involvement of microglial CX3CR1 in heat acclimation-induced amelioration of adult hippocampal neurogenesis impairment in EMF-exposed mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:181-193. [PMID: 34555433 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microglial CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) has been implicated in numerous cellular mechanisms, including signalling pathways that regulate brain homoeostasis and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Specific environmental conditions can impair hippocampal neurogenesis-related cognition, learning and memory. However, the role of CX3CR1 in the neurogenic alterations resulting from the cross-tolerance protection conferred by heat acclimation (HA) against the effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure is less well understood. Here, we investigated the role of microglial CX3CR1 signalling in adult hippocampal neurogenesis induced by HA in EMF-exposed mice. We found that EMF exposure significantly decreased the number of proliferating and differentiating cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, resulting in a reduced neurogenesis rate. Moreover, alterations in the phenotypes of activated microglia and decreased expression levels of CX3CR1, but not sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), were observed in the brains of EMF-exposed mice. Remarkably, HA treatment improved microglial phenotypes, restored the expression of CX3CR1, and ameliorated the decrease in the adult hippocampal neurogenesis rate following EMF exposure. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of CX3CR1 and SIRT1 failed to restore CX3CR1 expression and ameliorate hippocampal neurogenesis impairment following HA plus EMF stimulation. These results indicate that microglial CX3CR1 is involved in the cross-tolerance protective effect of HA on adult hippocampal neurogenesis upon EMF exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Lin He
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ze-Ze Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Ting Yu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Long Tan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation Ministry of Education, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Sen Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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12
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Wang WH, Shen TT, Gao ZX, Zhang X, Zhai ZH, Li YL. Combined laparoscopic-endoscopic approach for gastric glomus tumor: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:7181-7188. [PMID: 34540976 PMCID: PMC8409180 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i24.7181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric glomus tumor (GGT) is rare submucosal mesenchymal tumor that lacks specific clinical manifestations and is usually treated mainly by traditional surgical resection. This paper presents a case of a GGT, exhibited both intraluminally and extraluminally growth that was removed by laparoscopy-gastroscopy cooperative surgery.
CASE SUMMARY A 52-year-old male presented with epigastric discomfort accompanied by a sense of fullness for 3 mo. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy identified a submucosal lump located in the gastric antrum. Endoscopic ultrasonography identified a 2.4 cm × 1.8 cm lump located in the gastric antrum. It originated from the muscularis propria and exhibited both intraluminally and extraluminally growth, with hypoechoicity on the periphery, hyperechoicity in the middle, and unclear boundaries. Computed tomography showed nodular thickening of 3.0 cm × 2.2 cm in the gastric wall of the gastric antrum, and after enhancement, the lesion exhibited obvious enhancement We suspected that it was a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (glomus tumor and schwannoma were not excluded) and planned to perform laparoscopy-gastroscopy cooperative surgery. Immunohistochemical staining after the operation revealed that spinal muscular atrophy (+), h-caldesmon (+), cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) (+), 2% Ki-67-positive rate, CD56, melanoma antigen, CD117, discovered on GIST-1, leukocyte common antigen, caudal type homeobox 2, cytokeratin, and S-100 were all negative. The tumor was finally diagnosed as a GGT.
CONCLUSION GGTs are rare submucosal tumors of the stomach and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastric submucosal tumors. Laparoscopy-gastroscopy cooperative surgery is less invasive and more precise and could be an effective method for the treatment of GGTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hao Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Plastic Surgery Hospital of Weifang University, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Zhai
- Plastic Surgery Institute of Weifang Medical University, Yuhe Campus of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Li Li
- Plastic Surgery Institute of Weifang Medical University, Yuhe Campus of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261042, Shandong Province, China
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13
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Kan SL, Shen TT, Ran JH, Wang XQ. Both Conifer II and Gnetales are characterized by a high frequency of ancient mitochondrial gene transfer to the nuclear genome. BMC Biol 2021; 19:146. [PMID: 34320951 PMCID: PMC8317393 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial gene transfer/loss is common in land plants, and therefore the fate of missing mitochondrial genes has attracted more and more attention. The gene content of gymnosperm mitochondria varies greatly, supplying a system for studying the evolutionary fate of missing mitochondrial genes. RESULTS Here, we studied the tempo and pattern of mitochondrial gene transfer/loss in gymnosperms represented by all 13 families, using high-throughput sequencing of both DNA and cDNA. All 41 mitochondrial protein-coding genes were found in cycads, Ginkgo and Pinaceae, whereas multiple mitochondrial genes were absent in Conifer II and Gnetales. In Conifer II, gene transfer from mitochondria to the nucleus followed by loss of the mitochondrial copy was common, but complete loss of a gene in both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes was rare. In contrast, both gene transfer and loss were commonly found in Gnetales. Notably, in Conifer II and Gnetales, the same five mitochondrial genes were transferred to the nuclear genome, and these gene transfer events occurred, respectively, in ancestors of the two lineages. A two-step transfer mechanism (retroprocessing and subsequent DNA-mediated gene transfer) may be responsible for mitochondrial gene transfer in Conifer II and Gnetales. Moreover, the mitochondrial gene content variation is correlated with gene length, GC content, hydrophobicity, and nucleotide substitution rates in land plants. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a complete evolutionary scenario for variations of mitochondrial gene transferring in gymnosperms, and the factors responsible for mitochondrial gene content variation in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Long Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Jin-Hua Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiao-Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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14
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Feng YY, Shen TT, Shao CC, Du H, Ran JH, Wang XQ. Phylotranscriptomics reveals the complex evolutionary and biogeographic history of the genus Tsuga with an East Asian-North American disjunct distribution. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 157:107066. [PMID: 33387645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The disjunct distribution between East Asia and North America is one of the best established biogeographic patterns. A robust phylogeny is fundamental for understanding the biogeographic histories of taxa with this distribution pattern. Tsuga (hemlock) is a genus of Pinaceae with a typical intercontinental disjunct distribution in East Asia and eastern and western North America, and its phylogeny has not been completely reconstructed in previous studies. In this study, we reconstructed a highly resolved phylogeny of Tsuga using 881 nuclear genes, 60 chloroplast genes and 23 mitochondrial genes and explored its biogeographic and reticulate evolutionary history. The results of phylogenetic analysis, molecular dating and ancestral area reconstruction indicate that Tsuga very likely originated from North America in the late Oligocene and dispersed from America to East Asia via the Bering Land Bridge during the middle Miocene. In particular, we found complex reticulate evolutionary pattern among the East Asian hemlock species. T. sieboldii possibly originated from hybridization with the ancestor of T. chinensis from mainland China and T. forrestii as the paternal donor and the ancestor of T. diversifolia and T. ulleungensis as the maternal donor. T. chinensis (Taiwan) could have originated by hybridization together with T. sieboldii and then evolved independently after dispersal to the Taiwan Island, subsequently experiencing mitochondrial DNA introgression with T. chinensis from mainland China. Moreover, our study found that T. chinensis from western China is more closely related to T. forrestii than to T. chinensis from eastern China. The nonmonophyletic T. chinensis needs taxonomic reconsideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jin-Hua Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiao-Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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15
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Kan SL, Shen TT, Gong P, Ran JH, Wang XQ. The complete mitochondrial genome of Taxus cuspidata (Taxaceae): eight protein-coding genes have transferred to the nuclear genome. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:10. [PMID: 31959109 PMCID: PMC6971862 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-1582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gymnosperms represent five of the six lineages of seed plants. However, most sequenced plant mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have been generated for angiosperms, whereas mitogenomic sequences have been generated for only six gymnosperms. In particular, complete mitogenomes are available for all major seed plant lineages except Conifer II (non-Pinaceae conifers or Cupressophyta), an important lineage including six families, which impedes a comprehensive understanding of the mitogenomic diversity and evolution in gymnosperms. RESULTS Here, we report the complete mitogenome of Taxus cuspidata in Conifer II. In comparison with previously released gymnosperm mitogenomes, we found that the mitogenomes of Taxus and Welwitschia have lost many genes individually, whereas all genes were identified in the mitogenomes of Cycas, Ginkgo and Pinaceae. Multiple tRNA genes and introns also have been lost in some lineages of gymnosperms, similar to the pattern observed in angiosperms. In general, gene clusters could be less conserved in gymnosperms than in angiosperms. Moreover, fewer RNA editing sites were identified in the Taxus and Welwitschia mitogenomes than in other mitogenomes, which could be correlated with fewer introns and frequent gene losses in these two species. CONCLUSIONS We have sequenced the Taxus cuspidata mitogenome, and compared it with mitogenomes from the other four gymnosperm lineages. The results revealed the diversity in size, structure, gene and intron contents, foreign sequences, and mutation rates of gymnosperm mitogenomes, which are different from angiosperm mitogenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Long Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Ping Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jin-Hua Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiao-Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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16
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He GL, Luo Z, Shen TT, Wang ZZ, Li P, Luo X, Yang J, Tan YL, Wang Y, Gao P, Yang XS. TREM2 Regulates Heat Acclimation-Induced Microglial M2 Polarization Involving the PI3K-Akt Pathway Following EMF Exposure. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 13:591. [PMID: 32009907 PMCID: PMC6974802 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) has been described within microglia with a beneficial activated phenotype. However, the role of TREM2 underlying microglial phenotypic alterations in the cross-tolerance protection of heat acclimation (HA) against the inflammatory stimuli electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure is less well known. Here, we investigated the TREM2-related signaling mechanism induced by HA in EMF-stimulated N9 microglial cells (N9 cells). We found that EMF exposure significantly increased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and the expression of M1 markers (CD11b and CD86); meanwhile, decreased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and the expression of M2 markers (CD206 and Arg1) in N9 cells. Clearly, HA treatment decreased the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and the expression of CD11b and CD86, and enhanced the production of IL-4 and IL-10 and the expression of CD206 and Arg1. Moreover, TREM2 esiRNA and selective inhibitor of PI3K clearly decreased anti-inflammatory cytokines production, M2 markers expression, and phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt following HA plus EMF stimulation. These results indicate that TREM2 and PI3K-Akt pathway are involved in the cross-tolerance protective effect of HA in microglial polarization towards the EMF exposure. This finding inspires future studies that aim to explore the non-drug approaches underlying EMF stimulation and other central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Lin He
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ze-Ze Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Long Tan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xi'nan Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Sen Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Abstract
Background This study was aimed to compare the sensitivity of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided systematic biopsy (TRUS-SB), superb microvascular imaging guided targeted biopsy (SMI-TB), and elastography ultrasound guided targeted biopsy (EU-TB) in detecting prostate cancer (PCa). Methods One hundred and eighty-four patients with suspicious PCa were randomly divided into two groups, SMI-TB group (n=92) and EU-TB group (n=92). All the patients received a 2-core SMI-TB or a 2-core EU-TB before receiving a 12-core TRU-SB depending on the group. The 2-core SMI-TB was conducted at the most increased vascularity areas rated by a radiologist on a semi-quantitative criterion. The 2-core EU-TB was performed at the dark blue areas that identified as suspicious areas. The PCa detection rate was compared among TRUS-SB, SMI-TB, and EU-TB in the total population and in two groups. Results PCa was detected in 65 out of 184 patients. The SMI-TB group patients received 1,272 cores in total with a positive rate of 23.81% (40/168) for SMI-TB cores and 4.17% (46/1,104) for TRUS-SB cores. The EU-TB group patients received a total of 1,262 cores with a positive rate of 31.01% (49/158) for EU-TB cores and 5.34% (59/1,104) for TRUS-SB cores. Targeted cores (27.30%, 89/326) achieved significantly higher sensitivity in PCa detection than systematic cores (4.76%, 105/2,208) (SMI-TB vs. TRUS-SB: OR 7.188, P<0.001; EU-TB vs. TRUS-SB: OR 7.962, P<0.001). Conclusions Superb microvascular imaging and elastography ultrasound guided targeted biopsy may result in higher prostate cancer detection rate as adjunct to gray-scale ultrasound guided systematic biopsy. However, targeted biopsy alone is not sufficient to detect PCa, compared with systematic biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai Ji Ai Genetics & IVF Institute, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jun-Li Xue
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Oriental Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
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18
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Shen TT, Ran JH, Wang XQ. Phylogenomics disentangles the evolutionary history of spruces (Picea) in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau: Implications for the design of population genetic studies and species delimitation of conifers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 141:106612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Shao CC, Shen TT, Jin WT, Mao HJ, Ran JH, Wang XQ. Phylotranscriptomics resolves interspecific relationships and indicates multiple historical out-of-North America dispersals through the Bering Land Bridge for the genus Picea (Pinaceae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 141:106610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Ran JH, Shen TT, Wang MM, Wang XQ. Phylogenomics resolves the deep phylogeny of seed plants and indicates partial convergent or homoplastic evolution between Gnetales and angiosperms. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2018.1012. [PMID: 29925623 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
After decades of molecular phylogenetic studies, the deep phylogeny of gymnosperms has not been resolved, and the phylogenetic placement of Gnetales remains one of the most controversial issues in seed plant evolution. To resolve the deep phylogeny of seed plants and to address the sources of phylogenetic conflict, we conducted a phylotranscriptomic study with a sampling of all 13 families of gymnosperms and main lineages of angiosperms. Multiple datasets containing up to 1 296 042 sites across 1308 loci were analysed, using concatenation and coalescence approaches. Our study generated a consistent and well-resolved phylogeny of seed plants, which places Gnetales as sister to Pinaceae and thus supports the Gnepine hypothesis. Cycads plus Ginkgo is sister to the remaining gymnosperms. We also found that Gnetales and angiosperms have similar molecular evolutionary rates, which are much higher than those of other gymnosperms. This implies that Gnetales and angiosperms might have experienced similar selective pressures in evolutionary histories. Convergent molecular evolution or homoplasy is partially responsible for the phylogenetic conflicts in seed plants. Our study provides a robustly reconstructed backbone phylogeny that is important for future molecular and morphological studies of seed plants, in particular gymnosperms, in the light of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Li P, Wang G, Zhang XL, He GL, Luo X, Yang J, Luo Z, Shen TT, Yang XS. MicroRNA-155 Promotes Heat Stress-Induced Inflammation via Targeting Liver X Receptor α in Microglia. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:12. [PMID: 30778287 PMCID: PMC6369214 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The neuroinflammatory responses of microglial cells play an important role in the process of brain dysfunction caused by heat stroke. MicroRNAs are reportedly involved in a complex signaling network and have been identified as neuroinflammatory regulators. In this study, we determined the biological roles of microRNA-155 in the inflammatory responses in heat-stressed microglia and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods: MicroRNA-155 mimic and inhibitor were used to separately upregulate or downregulate microRNA-155 expression. The activation state of BV-2 microglial cells (BV-2 cells) was assessed via immunoreactions using the microglial marker CD11b and CD68. Levels of induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling proteins was evaluated by Western blotting for inhibitory kappa B alpha (IκBα) and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and indirect immunofluorescence analysis using a p65 phosphorylation antibody. A luciferase reporter assay was used to verify liver X receptor α (LXRα) as a target gene of microRNA-155. Results: Heat stress significantly induced IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α release and increased the expression of CD11b and CD68. In addition, IκBα and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation were dramatically increased by heat stress, and microRNA-155 expression was also elevated. High expression of microRNA-155 in heat-stressed microglial cells was inversely correlated with LXRα expression. We then determined the role of microRNA-155 in the heat stress-induced inflammatory responses. The results revealed that by targeting LXRα, microRNA-155 enhanced NF-κB signaling activation and facilitated immune inflammation in heat stress-treated BV-2 cells. Conclusion: MicroRNA-155 promotes heat stress-induced inflammatory responses in microglia. The underlying mechanisms may include facilitating inflammatory factors expression by increasing NF-κB pathway activation via targeting LXRα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gong Wang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Liang Zhang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Cardiology, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Yunnan, China
| | - Gen-Lin He
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Sen Yang
- Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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He GL, Luo Z, Shen TT, Yang J, Li P, Luo X, Yang XS. Inhibition of HSP90β by ganetespib blocks the microglial signalling of evoked pro-inflammatory responses to heat shock. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 106:35-45. [PMID: 30448425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although microglial reaction to heat shock is considered to be protective, heat shock is still a potential hazard caused by high temperatures. Recent studies indicate that the inhibition of the 90-kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) increasing the protective heat shock response and suppressing inflammatory signalling pathways in several diseases. Nevertheless, the effects of heat shock on microglial pro-inflammatory responses are not completely identical. Here, we aim to investigate the effect of the HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib on microglial pro-inflammatory responses following heat shock. HSP90 isoforms were determined by transfecting N9 microglial cells (N9 cells) with enzymatically prepared siRNA (esiRNAs). We found that heat shock significantly increased the secretion of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO), and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha (IκB-α) and p65 nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (p65 NF-κB) in N9 cells. These increases, except for phospho-p65, were attenuated efficiently in a dose-dependent manner by ganetespib pretreatment. Furthermore, the suppression of heat shock-evoked cytokines and NO production, and the phosphorylation of ERK, JAK2 and STAT3 in cytosols and/or nuclei were also observed by administering esiRNA HSP90β, but not HSP90α, in heat shock-treated N9 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib blocks pro-inflammatory responses in heat shock-treated N9 cells via a signalling mechanism involving HSP90β and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Lin He
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Sen Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Sun HT, Zhang SL, Liu K, Zhou JJ, Wang XX, Shen TT, Song XH, Guo YL, Wang XL. MRI-based nomogram estimates the risk of recurrence of primary nonmetastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors after curative resection. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 50:397-409. [PMID: 30589158 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate estimation of the recurrence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors help with prognosis, guide follow-up, and avoid futile treatments. PURPOSE To investigate whether MRI features could preoperatively estimate the recurrence of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) and to refine a novel prognostic model through developing a nomogram incorporating various MRI features. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION In all, 81 patients with clinicopathologically confirmed nonmetastatic PNETs. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCES 1.5 T MR, including T1 -weighted, T2 -weighted, and diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. ASSESSMENT Qualitative and quantitative MRI features of PNET were assessed by three experienced radiologists. STATISTICAL TESTS Uni- and multivariable analyses for recurrence-free survival (RFS) were evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards model. The MRI-based nomogram was then designed based on multivariable logistic analysis in our study and the performance of the nomogram was validated according to C-index, calibration, and decision curve analyses. RESULTS MRI features, including tumor size (hazard ratio [HR]: 14.131; P = 0.034), enhancement pattern (HR: 21.821, P = 0.032), and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values (HR: 0.055, P = 0.038) were significant independent predictors of RFS at multivariable analysis. The performance of the nomogram incorporating various MRI features (with a C-index of 0.910) was improved compared with that based on tumor size, enhancement pattern, and ADC alone (with C-index values of 0.672, 0.851, and 0.809, respectively). The calibration curve of the nomogram exhibited perfect consistency between estimation and observation at 0.5, 1, and 2 years after surgery. The decision curve showed that a nomogram incorporating three features had more favorable clinical predictive usefulness than any single feature. DATA CONCLUSION MRI features can be considered effective recurrence predictors for PNETs after surgery. The preliminary nomogram incorporating various MRI features could assess the risk of recurrence in PNETs and may be used to optimize individual treatment strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:397-409.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Long Zhang
- Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Xing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Hao Song
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Long Guo
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China.,Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Shen TT, Geng J, Yuan BB, Chen C, Zhou XJ, Shan QJ. [Analysis of risk factors of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with Brugada syndrome]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2018; 46:862-867. [PMID: 30462974 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the risk factors of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with Brugada syndrome. Methods: Clinical data of 60 Brugada syndrome patients admitted in the department of cardiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from March 2003 to December 2016 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The age at diagnosis was (43.2±13.1) years (0.6-83.0 years), 98.3% were males (n=59), and the patients were followed up to (92±41) months (12-169 months). The 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) recorded at the time of diagnosis and showing the highest type 1 ST elevation, either spontaneously or after provocative drug test, was used for the analysis. Patients were divided into ventricular arrhythmia (VA, n=12) group and non-ventricular arrhythmia (non-VA, n=48) group depending on the presence or absence of clinical VA event. The demographic data and ECG data of the 2 groups were compared, and the independent risk factors of VA events were analyzed by stepwise logistic regression. Results: Incidence of family history of sudden death (7/12 vs. 22.9% (11/48)) and percentage of type 1 ST elevation in the peripheral ECG leads (6/12 vs. 16.67% (8/48)) were significantly higher in VA group than in non-VA group (both P<0.05). Max Tpeak-Tend (Max-Tpe) interval ((144±53)ms vs. (110±16)ms) and dispersion of Tpe ((74±50)ms vs. (43±17)ms) were significantly higher in VA group than in non-VA group (both P<0.05). The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the Max-Tpe interval was 0.693 and Max-Tpe interval ≥140 ms was determined as an optimized cutoff point with increased risk of VA event, which had a sensitivity of 50.0%, a specificity of 98.0%, a positive predictive value of 85.7%, and a negative predictive value of 88.7% for predicting VA event. The ROC curves for the dispersion of Tpe was 0.775 and dispersion of Tpe ≥45 ms was determined as an optimized cutoff point for predicting VA event, which had a sensitivity of 91.7%, a specificity of 64.6%, a positive predictive value of 39.3%, and a negative predictive value of 96.9% for predicting VA event. In multivariate analysis, Max-Tpe interval ≥140 ms (OR=27.53, 95%CI 1.07-706.77, P=0.045) and family history of sudden death (OR=24.63, 95%CI 2.05-295.38, P=0.011) were found to be the independent risk factors of arrhythmic events. Conclusions: Max-Tpe interval ≥140 ms and family history of sudden death are risk factors of VA event in included patients with Brugada syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Shen
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Yin Q, Shen TT, Ma JQ, Yan J, Xu J, Tian XM. Correction to: Study on the Liquid Phase Oxidation of p-Tert-butyltoluene Over Ni/NaY. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Cai HJ, Shen TT, Zhang J, Shan CF, Jia JG, Li X, Liu WS, Tang Y. A core–shell metal–organic-framework (MOF)-based smart nanocomposite for efficient NIR/H2O2-responsive photodynamic therapy against hypoxic tumor cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:2390-2394. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00314e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, core–shell MOF-based smart nanocomposite UCNPs/MB@ZIF-8@catalase has been constructed for bio-imaging and efficient NIR/H2O2-responsive photodynamic therapy against hypoxic tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln
- Lincoln
- USA
| | - Chang-Fu Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Jian-Guo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Wei-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
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He GL, Luo Z, Shen TT, Li P, Yang J, Luo X, Chen CH, Gao P, Yang XS. Inhibition of STAT3- and MAPK-dependent PGE 2 synthesis ameliorates phagocytosis of fibrillar β-amyloid peptide (1-42) via EP2 receptor in EMF-stimulated N9 microglial cells. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:296. [PMID: 27871289 PMCID: PMC5117690 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-involved neuroinflammatory processes are prevalent in several neurological conditions and diseases. Amyloid burden is correlated with the activation of E-prostanoid (EP) 2 receptors by PGE2 in Alzheimer’s disease. We previously demonstrated that electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure can induce pro-inflammatory responses and the depression of phagocytosis in microglial cells, but the signaling pathways involved in phagocytosis of fibrillar β-amyloid (fAβ) in microglial cells exposed to EMF are poorly understood. Given the important role of PGE2 in neural physiopathological processes, we investigated the PGE2-related signaling mechanism in the immunomodulatory phagocytosis of EMF-stimulated N9 microglial cells (N9 cells). Methods N9 cells were exposed to EMF with or without pretreatment with the selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and antagonists of PG receptors EP1-4. The production of endogenous PGE2 was quantified by enzyme immunoassays. The phagocytic ability of N9 cells was evaluated based on the fluorescence intensity of the engulfed fluorescent-labeled fibrillar β-amyloid peptide (1-42) (fAβ42) measured using a flow cytometer and a fluorescence microscope. The effects of pharmacological agents on EMF-activated microglia were investigated based on the expressions of JAK2, STAT3, p38/ERK/JNK MAPKs, COX-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1), and EP2 using real-time PCR and/or western blotting. Results EMF exposure significantly increased the production of PGE2 and decreased the phagocytosis of fluorescent-labeled fAβ42 by N9 cells. The selective inhibitors of COX-2, JAK2, STAT3, and MAPKs clearly depressed PGE2 release and ameliorated microglial phagocytosis after EMF exposure. Pharmacological agents suppressed the phosphorylation of JAK2-STAT3 and MAPKs, leading to the amelioration of the phagocytic ability of EMF-stimulated N9 cells. Antagonist studies of EP1-4 receptors showed that EMF depressed the phagocytosis of fAβ42 through the PGE2 system, which is linked to EP2 receptors. Conclusions This study indicates that EMF exposure could induce phagocytic depression via JAK2-STAT3- and MAPK-dependent PGE2-EP2 receptor signaling pathways in microglia. Therefore, pharmacological inhibition of PGE2 synthesis and EP2 receptors may be a potential therapeutic strategy to combat the neurobiological deterioration that follows EMF exposure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0762-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen-Lin He
- Department of Tropic Hygiene, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Tropic Hygiene, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- Department of Tropic Hygiene, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Tropic Hygiene, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Tropic Hygiene, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Tropic Hygiene, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Sen Yang
- Department of Tropic Hygiene, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Shen TT, Kirillov AM, Liu WS, Tang Y. NIR light/H2O2-triggered nanocomposites for a highly efficient and selective synergistic photodynamic and photothermal therapy against hypoxic tumor cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7939-42. [PMID: 27172102 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc02571d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, smart near-infrared (NIR) light/H2O2-triggered and O2-evolving nanocomposites were designed and applied for efficient production of (1)O2 by converting a deeply penetrating NIR light into a visible light to excite the photosensitizers and achieve a self-sufficiency of the O2 generation in the photodynamic therapy process to overcome the hypoxia-induced drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Shen TT, Zhang XL, Zhang P, Kang YN, Tian J, Zhao XD. [Genome-wide profiling of alternative polyadenylation in mouse female germline stem cells]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2016; 36:157-162. [PMID: 26922009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a genome-wide alternative polyadenylation (APA) profiling in both mouse female germline stem cells (FGSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and explore the role of germline-specific APA in the biological behaviors of FGSCs. METHODS We used a high-throughput sequencing-based method 3T-Seq to profile the genome-wide 3' termini of the transcripts and delineate all the APA sites in mouse FGSCs and ESCs. The genes with altered APA sites in FGSCs compared with ESCs were analyzed with DAVID Gene Ontology tool for their biological roles. RESULTS We identified a total of 50243 APA sites in 16973 genes. In FGSCs, 1148 genes were shown to have alterations in 3'UTR length, among which 795 ( 66%) genes had shortened and 353 (34%) had lengthened 3'UTR. Some of the genes with shortened 3'UTR were involved in germ cell development. CONCLUSIONS Our genome-wide APA profiling analysis reveals a cell type-specific APA alternation in FGSCs, and APA-mediated 3'UTR alteration contributes to germline-related biological process. This study provides a framework for understanding the post-transcriptional regulation mechanisms in FGSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Shen
- Shanghai Center of Systems Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China. E-mail:
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Zhang Y, Shen TT, Zhang HL, Kirillov AM, Cai HJ, Wu J, Liu WS, Tang Y. A multifunctional nanocomposite for luminescence resonance energy transfer-guided synergistic monitoring and therapy under single near infrared light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4880-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00010j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we successfully implemented multiple functions into one nanocomposite, including the dual-mode monitoring of drug release and synergistic photothermal chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Alexander M. Kirillov
- Centro de Quimica Estrutural
- Complexo I
- Instituto Superior Tecnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- Lisbon 1049-001
| | - Hui-Juan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Jiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Wei-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
| | - Yu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
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Ding SL, Wang XK, Jiang WQ, Zhao RS, Shen TT, Wang C, Wang X. Influence of pH, inorganic anions, and dissolved organic matter on the photolysis of antimicrobial triclocarban in aqueous systems under simulated sunlight irradiation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:5204-5211. [PMID: 25354431 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The photolysis of the antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC) in aqueous systems under simulated sunlight irradiation was studied. The effects of several abiotic parameters, including solution pH, initial TCC concentration, presence of natural organic matter, and most common inorganic anions in surface waters, were investigated. The results show that the photolysis of TCC followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The TCC photolysis rate constant increased with increasing solution pH and decreasing the initial TCC concentration. Compared with the TCC photolysis in pure water, the presence of aqueous bicarbonate, nitrate, humic acids, and its sodium salt decreased the TCC photolysis rate, but fulvic acid increased the TCC photolysis rate. The electron spin resonance and reactive oxygen species scavenging experiments indicated that TCC may undergo two different types of phototransformation reactions: direct photolysis and energy transfer to generate (1)O2. The main degradation products were tentatively identified by gas chromatography interfaced with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and a possible degradation pathway was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ling Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, China
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Wu MF, Shen TT, He S, Wu KQ, Wang SH, Liu ZF, Zheng FK, Guo GC. An unprecedented organic–inorganic hybrid material with an I3O3 framework based on cadmium hydroxide and in situ generated 1H-tetrazolate-5-acetic acid. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01347j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel I3O3 hybrid framework was generated, based on a rare ths inorganic subnet of cadmium hydroxide and 3-D organic network linked by tza2− ligands and Cd(ii) centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Feng Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang, PR China
| | - Shuai He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang, PR China
| | - Ke-Qin Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Nanchang Hangkong University
- Nanchang, PR China
| | - Shuai-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi-Fa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Fa-Kun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Guo-Cong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou, PR China
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34
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Lin CW, Tsai WS, Shen TT. Priority Setting Of New Medical Interventions In Taiwan: A Multicriteria Decision Analysis. Value Health 2014; 17:A801. [PMID: 27203012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C W Lin
- I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W S Tsai
- National Health Insurance Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T T Shen
- E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Wang XK, Jiang XJ, Wang YN, Sun J, Wang C, Shen TT. Occurrence, distribution, and multi-phase partitioning of triclocarban and triclosan in an urban river receiving wastewater treatment plants effluent in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:7065-7074. [PMID: 24535666 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Occurrence, distribution, spatial and seasonal variations, and partitioning between aqueous phase and suspended particulate matters (SPM) of triclocarban (TCC) and triclosan (TCS) in Xiaoqing River, which receives wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, were studied. The distribution of the total TCC and TCS levels in surface water and sediments along the river were discussed. The highest TCC and TCS concentrations were both found near the discharge port of WWTPs, and the TCC and TCS levels decreased downstream of the WWTPs as a result of their distances from the source of WWTP discharges. The mean values of TCC and TCS in low-flow season were 1.62 and 1.80 times, respectively, as much as in high-flow season in surface water. The study on partitioning of TCC and TCS between aqueous phase and SPM shown the mean level of dissolved TCC accounted for about 10 % of the total level in surface water, whereas the TCS level was about 30 %. The TCC concentrations detected in the surface sediment samples (0 to 5 cm) ranged from 226 to 1,956 ng/g, with a mean value of 733 ng/g. The TCS levels were between 85 and 705 ng/g, with a mean value of 255 ng/g. The distribution and variations of TCC and TCS in sediments along the river were highly consistent with those in the water phase. The TCC and TCS levels in deep sediments (5 to 10 cm) were significantly lower than those in surface sediments. The mean TCC level in surface sediments was about 2.4 times as much as in deep sediments, and the TCS level in surface sediments was 3.1 times as much as in deep sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Kui Wang
- School of Light Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, 250353, China,
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36
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Ran JH, Shen TT, Liu WJ, Wang XQ. Evolution of the bHLH genes involved in stomatal development: implications for the expansion of developmental complexity of stomata in land plants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78997. [PMID: 24244399 PMCID: PMC3823973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomata play significant roles in plant evolution. A trio of closely related basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) subgroup Ia genes, SPCH, MUTE and FAMA, mediate sequential steps of stomatal development, and their functions may be conserved in land plants. However, the evolutionary history of the putative SPCH/MUTE/FAMA genes is still greatly controversial, especially the phylogenetic positions of the bHLH Ia members from basal land plants. To better understand the evolutionary pattern and functional diversity of the bHLH genes involved in stomatal development, we made a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of the homologous genes from 54 species representing the major lineages of green plants. The phylogenetic analysis indicated: (1) All bHLH Ia genes from the two basal land plants Physcomitrella and Selaginella were closely related to the FAMA genes of seed plants; and (2) the gymnosperm 'SPCH' genes were sister to a clade comprising the angiosperm SPCH and MUTE genes, while the FAMA genes of gymnosperms and angiosperms had a sister relationship. The revealed phylogenetic relationships are also supported by the distribution of gene structures and previous functional studies. Therefore, we deduce that the function of FAMA might be ancestral in the bHLH Ia subgroup. In addition, the gymnosperm "SPCH" genes may represent an ancestral state and have a dual function of SPCH and MUTE, two genes that could have originated from a duplication event in the common ancestor of angiosperms. Moreover, in angiosperms, SPCHs have experienced more duplications and harbor more copies than MUTEs and FAMAs, which, together with variation of the stomatal development in the entry division, implies that SPCH might have contributed greatly to the diversity of stomatal development. Based on the above, we proposed a model for the correlation between the evolution of stomatal development and the genes involved in this developmental process in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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37
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Li H, Shen TT, Wang XL, Lin KF, Liu YD, Lu SG, Gu JD, Wang P, Lu Q, Du XM. Biodegradation of perchloroethylene and chlorophenol co-contamination and toxic effect on activated sludge performance. Bioresour Technol 2013; 137:286-293. [PMID: 23587831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of PCE and 2-CP co-contamination on growth of microbial community in terms of enzymatic activity and microbial diversity in activated sludge. Results showed that the activities of three key enzymes (dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease) decreased significantly when PCE (in the range of 5-150 mg/L) was mixed with 2-CP (in the range of 25-150 mg/L). Especially, activity of dehydrogenase decreased by more than 93% as the concentration of PCE and 2-CP both reached 150 mg/L. PCR-DGGE revealed that short-term exposure with PCE and 2-CP did not lead to shift in the microbial community structure, while clone library demonstrated a significant change in the microbial diversity after long-term exposure. As the population of Alphaproteobacteria and Gamaproteobacteria decreased, with Actinobacteria eventually disappeared, species including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Synergistetes became dominating groups. This study demonstrated that co-contamination with PCE and 2-CP affected the performance of activated sludge in a significant way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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38
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Li Y, Ren PG, Zhang Q, Shen TT, Ci JH, Fang CQ. Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/ Organo-Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Prepared by Solution Intercalation. J MACROMOL SCI B 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2013.781937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- a Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Peng-Gang Ren
- a Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- a Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Shen
- a Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Ji-Hao Ci
- a Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an , Shaanxi , P.R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Fang
- a Institute of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology , Xi’an , Shaanxi , P.R. China
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39
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Li H, Zhang Q, Wang XL, Ma XY, Lin KF, Liu YD, Gu JD, Lu SG, Shi L, Lu Q, Shen TT. Biodegradation of benzene homologues in contaminated sediment of the East China Sea. Bioresour Technol 2012; 124:129-136. [PMID: 22989641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on acclimating a microbial enrichment to biodegrade benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) in a wide range of salinity. The enrichment degraded 120 mg/L toluene within 5d in the presence of 2M NaCl or 150 mg/L toluene within 7d in the presence of 1-1.5M NaCl. PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denatured gradient gel electrophoresis) profiles demonstrated the dominant species in the enrichments distributed between five main phyla: Gammaproteobacteria, Sphingobacteriia, Prolixibacter, Flavobacteriia and Firmicutes. The Marinobacter, Prolixibacter, Balneola, Zunongwangia, Halobacillus were the dominant genus. PCR detection of genotypes involved in bacterial BETX degradation revealed that the degradation pathways contained all the known initial oxidative attack of BTEX by monooxygenase and dioxygenase. And the subsequent ring fission was catalysed by catechol 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy profiles showed that the bacterial consortium adjusted the osmotic pressure by ectoine and hydroxyectoine as compatible solutes to acclimate the different salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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40
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Li H, Zhang W, Li L, Liu YD, Lin KF, Lu SG, Mu BZ, Du XM, Lu Q, Zhang Q, Shen TT, Li BZ, Zhao LM, Li YY. Effects of 1,1,1-trichloroethane on enzymatic activity and bacterial community in anaerobic microcosm form sequencing batch reactors. Ecotoxicology 2012; 21:1426-1435. [PMID: 22543958 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
1,1,1-Trichloroethane (TCA), a major organic and groundwater contaminant, has very strong toxic effects on humans, plants and microorganisms. Effects of TCA on enzymatic activity and microbial diversity were investigated in the anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) under methanogenic, nitrate-reducing, sulfate-reducing and benzene/toluene degrading conditions. The activities of three enzymes (lactate dehydrogenase, phosphatase and protease) were significantly decreased in the presence of 5 mg/L TCA. Within these three affected enzymes, phosphatase activity may serve as a noteworthy marker of bacterial toxicity. The activity of phosphatase was 0.2 U/L in methanogenic conditions with 5 mg/L TCA, which was 99% lower than the controls, and the enzyme activity was 18.6 U/L in methanogenic conditions with 1 mg/L TCA, which was 7% lower than the controls. DGGE profiles showed that TCA altered the bacterial community distribution and diversity obviously during the 21 day of TCA exposure. The enzyme activities decreased second lowest but TCA degrading strains Clostridium sp. DhR-2/LM-G01, Bacterial clone DCE25 and Bacterial clone DPHB06 were enriched in the methanogenic ASBR amended TCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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Cao JB, Li XM, Ouyang YZ, Zheng W, Wang DB, Shen TT, Yue X, Yang Q. Manganese-electrolysed slag treatment: bioleaching of manganese by Fusarium sp. Environ Technol 2012; 33:1307-1312. [PMID: 22856303 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2011.624125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A fungi strain named Fusarium sp. was isolated from manganese-electrolysed slag by using a gradient dilution spread plate method, identified by 26S RNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis, and explored for the bioleaching capacity to manganese (II) from manganese-electrolysed slag in liquid mineral medium under different environmental conditions, including system temperature, incubator rotation speed and initial pH value. DNA sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated the name of this fungi strain, that is, Fusarium sp., and higher bioleaching efficiencies (71.6%) of manganese by this fungi were observed when the bioleaching was carried out under the optimized conditions as follows: contact time: 72 h; system temperature: 28 degrees C; inoculums concentration: 2% (v/v); incubator rotation speed: 150 rpm; pH 4.0. Because of its low cost, environment friendliness and better efficiency, the bioleaching technique will have a significant impact on manganese-electrolysed slag pollution mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bing Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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42
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Yue X, Li XM, Wang DB, Shen TT, Liu X, Yang Q, Zeng GM, Liao DX. Simultaneous phosphate and CODcr removals for landfill leachate using modified honeycomb cinders as an adsorbent. J Hazard Mater 2011; 190:553-558. [PMID: 21514050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, honeycomb cinders were employed to remove phosphate and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD(cr)) simultaneously for landfill leachate treatment. Operating conditions of honeycomb cinders pretreatment, pH, temperature, honeycomb cinders dosage, reaction time, and settling time, were evaluated and optimized. The results revealed that the removal efficiencies of both phosphate and COD(cr) could be increased up to 99.9% and 66.7% under the optimal conditions, respectively. Moreover, the structures of raw/modified honeycomb cinders and resulting precipitates were detected by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrometers (EDS) analysis and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The results suggested that the adsorption method using honeycomb cinders might be an effective strategy as a pretreatment technology for landfill leachate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Yue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
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43
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Wang D, Li X, Yang Q, Zheng W, Cao J, Zeng G, Yue X, Shen T, Zeng T, Ding Y. Effect and mechanism of carbon sources on phosphorus uptake by microorganisms in sequencing batch reactors with the single-stage oxic process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-009-0152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chaudhari BP, Plunkett J, Ratajczak CK, Shen TT, DeFranco EA, Muglia LJ. The genetics of birth timing: insights into a fundamental component of human development. Clin Genet 2009; 74:493-501. [PMID: 19037974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2008.01124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The timing of birth necessitates the coupling of fetal maturation with the onset of parturition, and occurs at characteristic, but divergent gestations between mammals. Preterm birth in humans is an important but poorly understood outcome of pregnancy that uncouples fetal maturation and birth timing. The etiology of preterm birth is complex, involving environmental and genetic factors whose underlying molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Animal models, although limited by differences with human physiology, have been crucial in exploring the role of various genetic pathways in mammalian birth timing. Studies in humans of both familial aggregation and racial disparities in preterm birth have contributed to the understanding that preterm birth is heritable. A significant portion of this heritability is due to polygenic causes with few true Mendelian disorders contributing to preterm birth. Thus far, studies of the human genetics of preterm birth using a candidate gene approach have met with limited success. Emerging research efforts using unbiased methods may yield promising results if concerns about study design can be adequately addressed. The findings from this frontier of research may have direct implications for the allocation of public health and clinical resources as well as spur the development of more effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Chaudhari
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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45
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Shen TT, Li XM, Tang YF, Wang J, Yue X, Cao JB, Zheng W, Wang DB, Zeng GM. EDTA and electricity synergetic catalyzed Fe(3+)/H2O2 process for amoxicillin oxidation. Water Sci Technol 2009; 60:761-770. [PMID: 19657172 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three oxidation processes for amoxicillin wastewater pretreatment such as Electro-Fe(3+)(EDTA)/H2O2 (EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), Fe(3+)(EDTA)/H2O2 and Electro-Fe(3+)/H2O2 were simultaneously discussed at pH of 7.0 (+/-0.1). It was found that the above processes could achieve 78%, 64%, 33% chemical oxygen demand (COD(cr)) removal, and 86%, 70%, 47% amoxicillin degradation respectively. Moreover, the results of biodegradability (biological oxygen demand (BOD(5))/COD(cr) ratio) showed that the Electro-Fe(3+)(EDTA)/H2O2 process was a promising way to pretreat antibiotic wastewater due to the biodegradability of the effluent improved to 0.48 compared with the cases of Fe(3+)(EDTA)/H2O2 (0.40) and Electro-Fe(3+)/H2O2 process (0.12). Therefore, it was reasonable to note that EDTA and electricity showed synergetic effect on the oxidation process. Additionally, infrared spectra (IR) were applied to concisely propose a potential degradation way of amoxicillin. The characteristic changes of H2O2 and EDTA in the oxidation process were also investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha Hunan 410082, China
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Shen
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with choroidal melanoma. METHODS In this prospective study, peripheral blood lymphocytes of 226 patients afflicted with choroidal melanoma were analyzed by flow cytometry and compared with those of 49 age-matched and gender-matched control subjects. Subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes were further identified by monoclonal antibodies specific to cell-surface markers. Statistical analysis was performed by a Student t test. RESULTS There was no overall difference between the patients with choroidal melanoma and the control subjects with regard to peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations. However, when the patients were divided into subgroups based on their clinical characteristics, differences in natural killer (NK) cell population and activated T cells were noted in two subgroups. Patients with ciliary body involvement showed a statistically significant reduction in NK cells (194 +/- 101 vs 260 +/- 178 per mm3; P = .01). The number of activated T cells in this subgroup of patients was increased but not statistically significantly (7.32 +/- 4.79 vs 6.09 +/- 4.34 per mm3; P = .08). In patients with extrascleral extension, a statistically significant increase in activated T cells was noted (9.84 +/- 7.41 vs 6.25 +/- 4.3 per mm3; P = .02). The NK cells in this subgroup of patients were also reduced, but the reduction did not achieve statistical significance (178 +/- 123 vs 248 +/- 167 per mm3; P = .24). CONCLUSIONS We noted statistically significant differences in peripheral blood lymphocytes in two subgroups of patients with clinically less favorable choroidal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Haynie
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston 02114, USA
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Wong CS, Shen TT, Liaw WJ, Cherng CH, Ho ST. Epidural coadministration of ketamine, morphine and bupivacaine attenuates post-herpetic neuralgia--a case report. Acta Anaesthesiol Sin 1996; 34:151-5. [PMID: 9084539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor system plays an important role in nociceptive signal modulation in the central nerve system. There is considerable evidence that NMDA receptor antagonists can abolish hypersensitivity of nociceptors in animal models. In this case report, we described a patient who suffered post-herpetic neuralgia with severe pain, allodynia, and hyperesthesia over right side T2 to T8 dermatomes. Treatment with conventional doses of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), antidepressant, anticonvulsant and benzodiazepine failed to provide satisfactory pain relief. With the patient's consent, we administered subanalgesic doses of ketamine (10 mg), morphine (1 mg), and 6 ml bupivacaine (0.1%) through the thoracic epidural route. After the treatment, hyperalgesia and allodynia improved dramatically, and the receptive field also reduced. After four weeks' treatment, satisfactory pain relief was achieved with conventional analgesics treatment. The combination of relatively low doses of morphine, ketamine and bupivacaine epidurally provides effective pain relief in this case. The result strongly suggests a synergy from this combination that warrants a formal study of the dose-response relationship involved in this treatment and the mechanism by which this effect is achieved. This regimen provides a promising treatment for the neuropathic pain with limited side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Wong
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Shen TT, Bogdanov A, Bogdanova A, Poss K, Brady TJ, Weissleder R. Magnetically labeled secretin retains receptor affinity to pancreas acinar cells. Bioconjug Chem 1996; 7:311-6. [PMID: 8816953 DOI: 10.1021/bc960003u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we have developed a colloidal dextran-stabilized monocrystalline iron oxide nanocompound (MION-46) as a magnetic label for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In an effort to use this magnetic label to visualize pancreatic receptor function by MRI in vivo, we investigated the potential of secretin as a vector molecule. Secretin receptors, abundant on exocrine pancreas cells, recognize secretin through its amidated carboxyl terminal. In order to conjugate secretin to MION, we utilized the specific interaction between biotin and streptavidin, since direct conjugation of human secretin to MION has previously resulted in low yields and low affinity of the conjugate (unpublished results). Initially, we biotinylated the N-terminal primary amino group of secretin (60% yield). In a separate step, streptavidin (SA) was immobilized onto the surface dextran molecules of MION (79% yield) by reductive amination. Each secretin molecule was conjugated to one biotin molecule and each MION particle to an average of two SA molecules. The biotinylated secretin was then conjugated to MION through the biotin-streptavidin interaction (90% yield). The secretin-biotin-streptavidin-MION construct thus contained approximately two secretin molecules per MION. An in vitro competitive binding assay of pancreatic acinar cells demonstrated that the magnetically labeled secretin retained affinity to the secretin receptors. In vivo distribution studies in rats showed a significantly higher pancreatic accumulation of the secretin-biotin-streptavidin-MION construct as compared to the control group that had received unmodified MION. Our data indicate that bioactive peptides can be attached to dextran-coated iron oxide particles through the biotin-streptavidin interaction while retaining receptor affinity. Such target-specific agents have potential use in MR imaging to probe for a variety of receptor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Shen
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Analysis of data from the New York City Fire Department showed that residential fuel oil releases frequently occur in quantities ranging from 5 to 1000 gal, primarily from storage tank leaks and overfill. A risk assessment was conducted to determine whether Number 2 fuel oil basement spills pose a significant risk to human health. METHODS Exposure was derived from a simulated field study spill of Number 2 fuel oil in a townhouse basement to develop emission rates for the indicator constituent xylene. Distribution of xylene throughout the townhouse was determined using a multizone contaminant dispersal model. RESULTS Spills of 85 and 21 gal resulted in xylene exposure estimates as high as 20 and 5 mg/kg/day, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A spill of about 21 gal or more of Number 2 fuel oil would present a human health risk for central nervous and reproductive systems for 8 days or longer. Tank inspection and supervised delivery would provide effective prevention at minimal expense.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Kaplan
- Division of Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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