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Calmon MS, Lemos FFB, Silva Luz M, Rocha Pinheiro SL, de Oliveira Silva LG, Correa Santos GL, Rocha GR, Freire de Melo F. Immune pathway through endometriosis to ovarian cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2024; 15:496-522. [PMID: 38689629 PMCID: PMC11056862 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v15.i4.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent inflammatory disease, defined by the presence of functional endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. This disease is one of the main gynecological diseases, affecting around 10%-15% women and girls of reproductive age, being a common gynecologic disorder. Although endometriosis is a benign disease, it shares several characteristics with invasive cancer. Studies support that it has been linked with an increased chance of developing endometrial ovarian cancer, representing an earlier stage of neoplastic processes. This is particularly true for women with clear cell carcinoma, low-grade serous carcinoma and endometrioid. However, the carcinogenic pathways between both pathologies remain poorly understood. Current studies suggest a connection between endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOCs) via pathways associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperestrogenism. This article aims to review current data on the molecular events linked to the development of EAOCs from endometriosis, specifically focusing on the complex relationship between the immune response to endometriosis and cancer, including the molecular mechanisms and their ramifications. Examining recent developments in immunotherapy and their potential to boost the effectiveness of future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Santos Calmon
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcel Silva Luz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Samuel Luca Rocha Pinheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Lima Correa Santos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Reis Rocha
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Freire de Melo
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista 45029-094, Bahia, Brazil
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Marin MLC, Rached MR, Monteiro SM, Kalil J, Abrao MS, Coelho V. Soluble MICA in endometriosis pathophysiology: Impairs NK cell degranulation and effector functions. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13830. [PMID: 38454570 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Endometriosis exhibits several immune dysfunctions, including deficient natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity. MICA (MHC class I chain-related molecule A) is induced by biological stress and soluble MICA (sMICA) negatively modulates the expression of the activating receptor, NKG2D, reducing NK cells activities. We investigated the involvement of soluble MICA in NK cell-deficient activity in endometriosis. METHODS OF STUDY sMICA levels (serum and peritoneal fluid-PF) were evaluated by ELISA. Circulating NK cell subsets quantification and its NKG2D receptor expression, NK cell cytotoxicity and CD107a, IFN-γ and IL-10 expressions by NK cells stimulated with K562 cells were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found higher sMICA levels (serum and PF) in endometriosis, especially in advanced and deep endometriosis. Endometriosis presented lower percentages of CD56dim CD16+ cytotoxic cells and impaired NK cell responses upon stimulation, resulting in lower CD107a and IFN-γ expressions, and deficient NK cell cytotoxicity. NK cell stimulation in the MICA-blocked condition (mimicking the effect of sMICA) showed decreased cytotoxicity in initial endometriosis stages and the emergence of a negative correlation between CD107a expression and sMICA levels. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that soluble MICA is a potential player in endometriosis pathophysiology with involvement in disease progression and severity, contributing to NK cell impaired IFN-γ response and degranulation. NK cell compartment exhibits multiple perturbations, including quantitative deficiency and impaired cytotoxicity, contributing to inadequate elimination of ectopic endometrial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia Carnevale Marin
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Investigaçao Medica 19 (LIM-19), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marici Rached Rached
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Monteiro
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratorio de Investigaçao Medica 19 (LIM-19), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigacao em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Divisao de Imunologia Clinica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Simoes Abrao
- Divisao de Imunologia Clinica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Disciplina de Ginecologia, Departamento de Obstetricia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Ginecologia, BP - A Beneficencia Portuguesa de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Verônica Coelho
- Laboratorio de Imunologia, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Instituto de Investigacao em Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia (iii-INCT), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Divisao de Imunologia Clinica e Alergia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sobstyl A, Chałupnik A, Mertowska P, Grywalska E. How Do Microorganisms Influence the Development of Endometriosis? Participation of Genital, Intestinal and Oral Microbiota in Metabolic Regulation and Immunopathogenesis of Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10920. [PMID: 37446108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms inhabiting the human body play an extremely key role in its proper functioning, as well as in the development of the immune system, which, by maintaining the immune balance, allows you to enjoy health. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, or in the oral cavity or reproductive tract, understood as a change in the number and diversity of all microorganisms inhabiting them, may correlate with the development of many diseases, including endometriosis, as researchers have emphasized. Endometriosis is an inflammatory, estrogen-dependent gynecological condition defined by the growth of endometrial cells outside the uterine cavity. Deregulation of immune homeostasis resulting from microbiological disorders may generate chronic inflammation, thus creating an environment conducive to the increased adhesion and angiogenesis involved in the development of endometriosis. In addition, research in recent years has implicated bacterial contamination and immune activation, reduced gastrointestinal function by cytokines, altered estrogen metabolism and signaling, and abnormal progenitor and stem cell homeostasis, in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The aim of this review was to present the influence of intestinal, oral and genital microbiota dysbiosis in the metabolic regulation and immunopathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sobstyl
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chałupnik
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Mertowska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Grywalska
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Gajbhiye RK. Endometriosis and inflammatory immune responses: Indian experience. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13590. [PMID: 35751585 PMCID: PMC7615030 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a public health disorder affecting ∼ 247 million women globally and ∼ 42 million women in India. Women with endometriosis suffer from dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, dyschezia, fatigue, depression, and infertility leading to significant socioeconomic impact and morbidity. The etiology of endometriosis is not understood well even after 100 years of research. Currently, there is no permanent cure for endometriosis. The inflammatory immune response is one of the important features of etiopathogenesis of endometriosis and therefore understanding the inflammatory immune response would lead to a better understanding of this enigmatic disorder and may also lead to biomarker discovery for diagnosis of endometriosis. We investigated the autoimmune etiology of endometriosis in the Indian population. Using the proteomics approach, anti-endometrial antibodies (AEAs) were detected in Indian women with endometriosis [anti-endometrial antibodies - tropomyosin 3 (TPM3), stomatin-like protein2 (SLP-2), and tropomodulin 3 (TMOD3)]. The studies on AEAs provided a better understanding of autoimmune mechanisms in endometriosis. All three subtypes of endometriosis; superficial peritoneal, ovarian endometrioma, and deep infiltrating endometriosis were reported in Indian women. In this review, we discuss our experiences of the inflammatory immune response, autoimmunity, comorbidities, and clinical phenotypes in women with endometriosis in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul K Gajbhiye
- Clinical Research Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: A new emerging player in endometriosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 375:191-220. [PMID: 36967153 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. This is commonly associated with chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and dysmenorrhea, which occurs in approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. Although the exact mechanism remains uncertain, it has been widely accepted to be an estrogen-dependent and inflammatory disease. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of immune cells with immunosuppressive capacity and non-immunological functions. They have been found to be aggressively involved in the pathologies of various disorders. In regards to tumors, the functions of MDSCs have been profoundly shown to inhibit tumor immune response and to promote angiogenesis, tumor metastasis, fibrosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In recent years, the elevation of MDSCs in endometriosis was reported by several studies that provoke the assumption that MDSCs might exert similar roles to promote the development of endometriosis. Such that, precision treatments targeting MDSCs might be a promising direction for future study. Herein, we will review the research progress of MDSCs in endometriosis and its potential relevance to the pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutics strategy of endometriosis.
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Reis JL, Rosa NN, Ângelo-Dias M, Martins C, Borrego LM, Lima J. Natural Killer Cell Receptors and Endometriosis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:331. [PMID: 36613776 PMCID: PMC9820702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder, characterized by the presence of endometrial cells outside the uterine cavity. An increasing number of studies correlate the immune system with endometriosis, particularly NK receptors (NKR), which have been suggested to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. This systematic review aims to enlighten the role of NKR in endometriosis. A literature search was performed independently by two reviewers, to identify studies assessing the role of NKR in endometriosis. In total, 18 studies were included. Endometriosis pathogenesis seems to be marked by the overexpression of NK inhibitor receptors (KIRS), namely, CD158a+, KIR2DL1, CD94/NKG2A, PD-1, NKB1, and EB6, and inhibiting ligands such as PD-L1, HLA-E, HLA-G, and HLA-I. Concurrently, there is a decrease in NK-activating receptors and natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs), such as NKp46, NKp30, and NKG2D. The immune shift from NK surveillance to NK suppression is also apparent in the greater relative number of ITIM domains compared with ITAM domains in NKRs. In conclusion, NK receptor activity seems to dictate the immunocompetency of women to clear endometriotic cells from the peritoneal cavity. Future research could explore NKRs as therapeutic targets, such as that which is now well established in cancer therapy through immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Lourenço Reis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LUZ SAÚDE, Hospital da Luz, 1500-650 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Miguel Ângelo-Dias
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Immunology Department, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Martins
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Immunology Department, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Borrego
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Immunology Department, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Imunoallergy, LUZ SAÚDE, Hospital da Luz, 1500-650 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, LUZ SAÚDE, Hospital da Luz, 1500-650 Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Immunology Department, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
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Geng R, Huang X, Li L, Guo X, Wang Q, Zheng Y, Guo X. Gene expression analysis in endometriosis: Immunopathology insights, transcription factors and therapeutic targets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1037504. [PMID: 36532015 PMCID: PMC9748153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1037504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endometriosis is recognized as an estrogen-dependent inflammation disorder, estimated to affect 8%-15% of women of childbearing age. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis are not completely clear. Underlying mechanism for endometriosis is still under debate and needs further exploration. The involvement of transcription factors and immune mediations may be involved in the pathophysiological process of endometriosis, but the specific mechanism remains to be explored. This study aims to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms in endometriosis. Methods The gene expression profile of endometriosis was obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were applied to the endometriosis GSE7305 datasets. Cibersort and MCP-counter were used to explore the immune response gene sets, immune response pathway, and immune environment. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and screened. Common biological pathways were being investigated using the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Transcription factors were from The Human Transcription Factors. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) model identified four differential expressions of transcription factors (AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB). Their diagnostic value was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and validated in the validation cohort (GSE11691, GSE23339). By constructing the interaction network of crucial transcription factors, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to search for key module genes. Metascape was used for enrichment analysis of essential module genes and obtained HOXB6, KLF2. The HOXB6 and KLF2 were further verified as the only two intersection genes according to Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest models. We constructed ceRNA (lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA) networks with four potential transcription factors. Finally, we performed molecular docking for goserelin and dienogest with four transcription factors (AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB) to screen potential drug targets. Results Immune and metabolic pathways were enriched in GSVA and GSEA. In single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), most immune infiltrating cells, immune response gene sets, and immune response pathways are differentially expressed between endometriosis and non-endometriosis. Twenty-seven transcription factors were screened from differentially expressed genes. Most of the twenty-seven transcription factors were correlated with immune infiltrating cells, immune response gene sets and immune response pathways. Furthermore, Adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 (AEBP1), Homeobox B6 (HOXB6), Kruppel Like Factor 2 (KLF2) and RAR Related Orphan Receptor B (RORB) were selected out from twenty-seven transcription factors. ROC analysis showed that the four genes had a high diagnostic value for endometriosis. In addition, KLF2 and HOXB6 were found to play particularly important roles in multiple modules (String, WGCNA, SVM-RFE, random forest) on the gene interaction network. Using the ceRNA network, we found that NEAT1 may regulate the expressions of AEBP1, HOXB6 and RORB, while X Inactive Specific Transcript (XIST) may control the expressions of HOXB6, RORB and KLF2. Finally, we found that goserelin and dienogest may be potential drugs to regulate AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2 and RORB through molecular docking. Conclusions AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB may be potential biomarkers for endometriosis. Two of them, KLF2 and HOXB6, are critical molecules in the gene interaction network of endometriosis. Discovered by molecular docking, AEBP1, HOXB6, KLF2, and RORB are targets for goserelin and dienogest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Geng
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- Department of gynecology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- Department of gynecology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linxi Li
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- Department of gynecology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- Department of gynecology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingru Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- Department of gynecology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- Department of gynecology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
- Department of gynecology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Yamashita S, Hashimoto K, Sawada I, Ogawa M, Nakatsuka E, Kawano M, Kinose Y, Kodama M, Sawada K, Kimura T. Endometrial galectin-3 causes endometriosis by supporting eutopic endometrial cell survival and engraftment in the peritoneal cavity. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 87:e13533. [PMID: 35366371 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM The pathogenesis of endometriosis remains unclear. Endometrial cells in retrograde menstruation are considered the source of endometriosis; therefore, we hypothesized that the eutopic endometrium may provide clues regarding the pathogenesis. We aimed to clarify the role of eutopic endometrial cells in endometriosis development. METHOD OF STUDY Eutopic endometrial tissues were obtained from patients with or without endometriosis, and expression of cell surface molecules in eutopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) was evaluated via iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis. Based on the results, we focused on galectin-3. Galectin-3 expression in clinical samples was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. The concentration of secreted galectin-3 was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Adhesion and migration of ESCs were evaluated by in vitro adhesion and wound healing assays. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells was measured via calcein release assays. Cell proliferation was measured using the CyQUANT Cell Proliferation Assay Kit. RESULTS iTRAQ analysis revealed that galectin-3 expression was specifically elevated in the ESCs from endometriosis patients. Immunohistochemistry confirmed galectin-3 overexpression in the eutopic endometrium of endometriosis, irrespective of the menstrual phase. Galectin-3 was overexpressed and secreted by the eutopic ESCs from patients with endometriosis compared to that from patients without endometriosis. Galectin-3 expression in ESCs increased adhesion and migration, whereas galectin-3 inhibitors impaired these processes. Galectin-3 reduced the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells toward ESCs, while not affecting cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Galectin-3 promotes peritoneal engraftment of ESCs due to impaired immune surveillance in the peritoneal cavity and increases ESCs adhesion and migration to the peritoneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Yamashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kae Hashimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuko Sawada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minori Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erika Nakatsuka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mahiru Kawano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kinose
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Kodama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Sawada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Hoogstad-van Evert J, Paap R, Nap A, van der Molen R. The Promises of Natural Killer Cell Therapy in Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105539. [PMID: 35628346 PMCID: PMC9146217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynaecological disease defined by the growth of endometrium-like tissue outside the uterus. The disease is present in approximately 5–10% of women of reproductive age and causes pelvic pain and infertility. The pathophysiology is not completely understood, but retrograde menstruation and deficiency in natural killer (NK) cells that clear endometriotic cells in the peritoneal cavity play an important role. Nowadays, hormonal therapy and surgery to remove endometriosis lesions are used as treatment. However, these therapies do not work for all patients, and hormonal therapy prevents patients from getting pregnant. Therefore, new treatment strategies should be developed. Since the cytotoxicity of NK cells is decreased in endometriosis, we performed a literature search into the possibility of NK cell therapy. Available treatment options include the inhibition of receptor–ligand interaction for KIR2DL1, NKG2A, LILRB1/2, and PD-1/PD-L1; inhibition of TGF-β; stimulation of NK cells with IL-2; and mycobacterial treatment with BCG. In preclinical work, these therapies show promising results but unfortunately have side effects, which have not specifically been studied in endometriosis patients. Before NK cell treatment can be used in the clinic, more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romy Paap
- Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, 3553 Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Annemiek Nap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboudumc, 6524 Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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Moghaddam MZ, Ansariniya H, Seifati SM, Zare F, Fesahat F. Immunopathogenesis of endometriosis: An overview of the role of innate and adaptive immune cells and their mediators. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 87:e13537. [PMID: 35263479 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with the growth and proliferation of endometrial-like tissues outside the uterus. Although the exact etiology and mechanism of the pathogenesis of the disease have not been fully elucidated, the immune system cells and the mediators produced by them can be named as effective factors in the onset and progression of the disease. AIMS We aim to attempt to review studies on the role of the immune system in endometriosis to better understand the pathogenesis of endometriosis. CONTENT Abundant production of inflammatory mediators by neutrophils and macrophages and reduced cytotoxicity of defined cells promote endometriosis at the early stages of the disease. Following an increase in the inflammation of the environment, the body takes compensatory mechanisms to reduce inflammation and establish homeostasis. For this purpose, the body produces remodeling and anti-inflammatory factors leading to slow conversion of the inflammatory environment into a non-inflammatory environment with proliferative and immunosuppressive properties. Environmental conditions induce M2 macrophages, TH2 cells, and Tregs differentiation, promoting disease progression by producing angiogenic and immunosuppressive factors. However, the exact molecular mechanism involved in changing inflammatory to non-inflammatory conditions is not yet fully understood. IMPLICATIONS Due to the common characteristics of endometriotic cells and cancer cells, most potential treatment options for endometriosis have been suggested due to the results of these methods in the treatment of cancer. In this pathway, immune system cells and soluble mediators can be used as targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zare Moghaddam
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Ansariniya
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Seifati
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fateme Zare
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fesahat
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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11
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A review of the pathophysiology of recurrent implantation failure. Fertil Steril 2021; 116:1436-1448. [PMID: 34674825 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Implantation is a critical step in human reproduction. The success of this step is dependent on a competent blastocyst, receptive endometrium, and successful cross talk between the embryonic and maternal interfaces. Recurrent implantation failure is the lack of implantation after the transfer of several embryo transfers. As the success of in vitro fertilization has increased and failures have become more unacceptable for patients and providers, the literature on recurrent implantation failure has increased. While this clinical phenomenon is often encountered, there is not a universally agreed-on definition-something addressed in an earlier portion of this Views and Reviews. Implantation failure can result from several different factors. In this review, we discuss factors including the maternal immune system, genetics of the embryo and parents, anatomic factors, hematologic factors, reproductive tract microbiome, and endocrine milieu, which factors into embryo and endometrial synchrony. These potential causes are at various stages of research and not all have clear implications or immediately apparent treatment.
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12
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Zhang X, Wei H. Role of Decidual Natural Killer Cells in Human Pregnancy and Related Pregnancy Complications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:728291. [PMID: 34512661 PMCID: PMC8426434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique type of immunological process. Healthy pregnancy is associated with a series of inflammatory events: implantation (inflammation), gestation (anti-inflammation), and parturition (inflammation). As the most abundant leukocytes during pregnancy, natural killer (NK) cells are recruited and activated by ovarian hormones and have pivotal roles throughout pregnancy. During the first trimester, NK cells represent up to 50–70% of decidua lymphocytes. Differently from peripheral-blood NK cells, decidual natural killer (dNK) cells are poorly cytolytic, and they release cytokines/chemokines that induce trophoblast invasion, tissue remodeling, embryonic development, and placentation. NK cells can also shift to a cytotoxic identity and carry out immune defense if infected in utero by pathogens. At late gestation, premature activation of NK cells can lead to a breakdown of tolerance of the maternal–fetal interface and, subsequently, can result in preterm birth. This review is focused on the role of dNK cells in normal pregnancy and pathological pregnancy, including preeclampsia, recurrent spontaneous abortion, endometriosis, and recurrent implantation failure. dNK cells could be targets for the treatment of pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiming Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Division of Molecular Medicine, The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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13
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Satake E, Koga K, Takamura M, Izumi G, Elsherbini M, Taguchi A, Makabe T, Takeuchi A, Harada M, Hirata T, Hirota Y, Wada-Hiraike O, Osuga Y. The roles of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells in endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 148:103371. [PMID: 34517223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the systemic and local proportions, focal localization, and characteristics of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) in endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN Peripheral blood and peritoneal fluid were obtained from patients with a benign gynecologic condition (controls) or endometriosis. PMN-MDSCs were defined as CD33+HLA-DRlow/-CD14-CD15+ and monocytic (M)-MDSCs were defined as CD33+HLA-DRlow/-CD14+CD15-, and were identified using flowcytometry. Ovarian endometriotic tissues were obtained, and the expression of lectin-type oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX1) as a marker of PMN-MDSCs, arginine 1 (Arg1), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) were detected using immunohistochemistry. Anti-Ly6G antibody was administered to endometriosis model mice, and the number and weight of the lesions were measured, and cell proliferations and apoptosis in the lesions were analyzed using Ki67 immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay. RESULTS In the peripheral blood, the proportion of PMN-MDSCs was significantly higher in endometriosis (3.20 vs 1.63 %, p < 0.05), but the proportion of M-MDSCs did not differ between the groups. In the peritoneal fluid, the proportion of PMN-MDSCs was significantly higher in endometriosis (7.82 × 10-1% vs 6.48 × 10-2%, p < 0.05), whereas the proportion of M-MDSCs did not differ between the groups. PMN-MDSCs were detected in the stromal cell layer of the endometriotic cyst wall. Double staining for LOX1 and Arg1, and LOX1 and MMP9 was confirmed. Administration of Ly6G antibody did not change the number or weight of endometriosis lesions, but significantly decreased Ki67-positive cells and increased TUNEL-positive cells in the lesions. CONCLUSIONS PMN-MDSCs may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis via Arg1 and MMP9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Satake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Masashi Takamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo Moroyama-cho, Iruma-gun, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Gentaro Izumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mohammed Elsherbini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoko Makabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Arisa Takeuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hirata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hirota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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14
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Zhong Q, Yang F, Chen X, Li J, Zhong C, Chen S. Patterns of Immune Infiltration in Endometriosis and Their Relationship to r-AFS Stages. Front Genet 2021; 12:631715. [PMID: 34220927 PMCID: PMC8249861 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.631715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endometriosis (EMS) is an estrogen-dependent disease in which endometrial glands and stroma arise outside the uterus. Current studies have suggested that the number and function of immune cells are abnormal in the abdominal fluid and ectopic lesion tissues of patients with EMS. The developed CIBERSORT method allows immune cell profiling by the deconvolution of gene expression microarray data. Methods: By applying CIBERSORT, we assessed the relative proportions of immune cells in 68 normal endometrial tissues (NO), 112 eutopic endometrial tissues (EU) and 24 ectopic endometrial tissues (EC). The obtained immune cell profiles provided enumeration and activation status of 22 immune cell subtypes. We obtained associations between the immune cell environment and EMS r-AFS stages. Macrophages were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 60 patients with ovarian endometriomas. Results: Total natural killer (NK) cells were significantly decreased in EC, while plasma cells and resting CD4 memory T cells were increased in EC. Total macrophages in EC were significantly increased compared to those of EU and NO, and M2 macrophages were the primary macrophages in EC. Compared to those of EC from patients with r-AFS stage I ~ II, M2 macrophages in EC from patients with stage III ~ IV were significantly increased. IHC experiments showed that total macrophages were increased in EC, with M2 macrophages being the primary subtype. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that deconvolution of gene expression data by CIBERSORT provides valuable information about immune cell composition in EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Zhong
- Department of Gynecology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cailing Zhong
- Department of Gynecology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqin Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Fukui A, Mai C, Saeki S, Yamamoto M, Takeyama R, Kato T, Ukita Y, Wakimoto Y, Yamaya A, Shibahara H. Pelvic endometriosis and natural killer cell immunity. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 85:e13342. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fukui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
| | - Chuxian Mai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
| | - Shinichiro Saeki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
| | - Mayu Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
| | - Ryu Takeyama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
| | - Toru Kato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
| | - Yuji Ukita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
| | - Yu Wakimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
| | - Ayano Yamaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shibahara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
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16
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He J, Xu Y, Yi M, Gu C, Zhu Y, Hu G. Involvement of natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis in patients with pelvic pain. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519871407. [PMID: 32727237 PMCID: PMC7394034 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519871407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To detect the involvement of immune cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis in patients with stable status or pelvic pain. Methods Blood was collected from patients with endometriosis with and without pelvic pain. Natural killer (NK) and Th17 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-7) was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We isolated immune cells from blood by density-gradient centrifugation to investigate the expression of functional molecules including sterile alpha motif domain-containing protein 9 (SAMD9), Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 2 (RGL2), early growth response protein 1, and Akirin2. We also searched the BIOGPS database for protein expression profiles. Results SAMD9 and RGL2 expression levels were significantly upregulated in patients with pelvic pain. Furthermore, lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 expression was higher in endometrial tissues from patients with pelvic pain, and was mainly localized in stromal and glandular epithelial cells in ectopic lesions. Conclusion NK cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis in patients with pelvic pain. Suppressing the cytotoxic activity of NK cells may thus help to reduce the progression of pelvic pain in patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minhui Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cancan Gu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Islimye Taskin M, Guney G, Adali E, Hismiogullari AA, Dodurga Y, Elmas L. Granzyme B levels and granzyme B polymorphisms in peripheral blood of patients with endometriosis: a preliminary study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2020; 41:94-99. [PMID: 32608278 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1697220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The chronic course of endometriosis suggests that the immune system may play a role in its aetiology. There may be resistance to cell lysis, as well as an immune defect underlying endometriosis. Granzyme B is a serine protease that is secreted by Natural Killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes during a cellular immune response and can induce apoptosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between both Granzyme B levels and Granzyme B gene polymorphisms in endometriosis patients. Women between the ages of 20 - 45 were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: those diagnosed with endometriosis and those who had not been diagnosed with endometriosis. In the blood samples, Granzyme B gene polymorphisms and serum levels of Granzyme B were studied. There was no difference between the groups in terms of median Granzyme B levels and the presence of AA, AG, and GG genotypes. There was a difference in median granzyme levels for the control group; the GG genotype was found at a lower frequency. The immune defect within endometriosis-related immune cells may not be exclusively due to Granzyme B. Other mediators that are secreted from immune cells may have additive effects.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? NK cells are cytotoxic and inhibit the implantation of autologous endometrial cells that are spilled into the peritoneum by retrograde menstruation. Thus, a reduction in NK cell activity may facilitate the progression of endometriosis. The literature review reveals that there are studies suggesting that NK cell activity may be insufficient in endometriosis. Granzyme B is a serine protease that is secreted by NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes during a cellular immune response.What do the results of this study add? Granzyme B is one of the cytotoxic granules in NK and cytotoxic T lymphocyte cells and its genetic polymorphisms were tested in endometriosis. We found that median Granzyme B levels were significantly different in patients with the GG genotype in the control group, compared to those with the AA and AG genotype. However, this difference was not detected between the control and endometriosis groups.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Our results contribute to uncovering the pathogenesis of endometriosis since there are no previous studies in the literature regarding this topic. Although we did not find a difference, our results will inform further studies made on this topic. Studies with different molecules and an increased number of patients are needed. The immune defect of endometriosis may not be due exclusively to Granzyme B. Other mediators that are secreted from immune cells may have mutual effects and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Islimye Taskin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Balikesir University Medical Faculty, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Gurhan Guney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Balikesir University Medical Faculty, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | - Ertan Adali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Balikesir University Medical Faculty, Balıkesir, Turkey
| | | | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology AD, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Levent Elmas
- Department of Medical Biology AD, Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Denizli, Turkey
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18
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Chou YC, Chen CH, Chen MJ, Chang CW, Chen PH, Yu MH, Chen YJ, Tsai EM, Yang PS, Lin SY, Tzeng CR. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) allorecognition patterns in women with endometriosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4897. [PMID: 32184413 PMCID: PMC7078270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis shares similarities with several autoimmune diseases. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C genotype is associated with several human autoimmune diseases. HLA-C is a ligand of killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIRs) and is an essential regulator of natural killer cell activity, which is associated with endometriosis progression. Polymorphisms in HLA-C and KIR affect the activity of NK cells and susceptibility to several diseases. Therefore, we attempted to investigate an association between HLA-C genotype and KIR polymorphism and the occurrence of endometriosis. We tested the association of certain KIR and HLA-C combinations and the development of endometriosis by characterizing both KIR and HLA-C genes in 147 women with endometriosis and 117 controls. The HLA-C genotypes and KIR polymorphisms were analyzed via DNA-based method for higher-resolution genotyping. We found that the occurrence of HLA-C*03:03*01 was increased in endometriosis than in control groups. Analysis of various KIR haplotypes revealed differences between the endometriosis and control cohorts. The number of KIR centromeric A/A haplotypes was increased in the endometriosis group than controls. Moreover, the endometriosis cohort was characterized by reduced number of KIR2DS2-positive individuals in the Han Chinese population. Our current findings suggest that the KIR and HLA-C genotypes are associated with the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Chou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hsien Yu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- General Research Centers of R&D office, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Sheng Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Yeu Lin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Ruey Tzeng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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19
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NK Cells as Potential Targets for Immunotherapy in Endometriosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091468. [PMID: 31540116 PMCID: PMC6780982 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, most frequently on the pelvic viscera and ovaries, which is associated with pelvic pains and infertility. It is an inflammatory disorder with some features of autoimmunity. It is accepted that ectopic endometriotic tissue originates from endometrial cells exfoliated during menstruation and disseminating into the peritoneum by retrograde menstrual blood flow. It is assumed that the survival of endometriotic cells in the peritoneal cavity may be partially due to their abrogated elimination by natural killer (NK) cells. The decrease of NK cell cytotoxic activity in endometriosis is associated with an increased expression of some inhibitory NK cell receptors. It may be also related to the expression of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), a ligand for inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 (LILRB1) receptors. The downregulated cytotoxic activity of NK cells may be due to inhibitory cytokines present in the peritoneal milieu of patients with endometriosis. The role of NK cell receptors and their ligands in endometriosis is also confirmed by genetic association studies. Thus, endometriosis may be a subject of immunotherapy by blocking NK cell negative control checkpoints including inhibitory NK cell receptors. Immunotherapies with genetically modified NK cells also cannot be excluded.
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20
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Vallvé-Juanico J, Houshdaran S, Giudice LC. The endometrial immune environment of women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod Update 2019; 25:564-591. [PMID: 31424502 PMCID: PMC6737540 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis, a common oestrogen-dependent inflammatory disorder in women of reproductive age, is characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside its normal location in the uterus, which causes pelvic scarring, pain and infertility. While its pathogenesis is poorly understood, the immune system (systemically and locally in endometrium, pelvic endometriotic lesions and peritoneal fluid) is believed to play a central role in its aetiology, pathophysiology and associated morbidities of pain, infertility and poor pregnancy outcomes. However, immune cell populations within the endometrium of women with the disease have had incomplete phenotyping, thereby limiting insight into their roles in this disorder. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The objective herein was to determine reproducible and consistent findings regarding specific immune cell populations and their abundance, steroid hormone responsiveness, functionality, activation states, and markers, locally and systemically in women with and without endometriosis. SEARCH METHODS A comprehensive English language PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar search was conducted with key search terms that included endometriosis, inflammation, human eutopic/ectopic endometrium, immune cells, immune population, immune system, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), natural killer cells, mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, B cells and T cells. OUTCOMES In women with endometriosis compared to those without endometriosis, some endometrial immune cells display similar cycle-phase variation, whereas macrophages (Mø), immature DC and regulatory T cells behave differently. A pro-inflammatory Mø1 phenotype versus anti-inflammatory Mø2 phenotype predominates and natural killer cells display abnormal activity in endometrium of women with the disease. Conflicting data largely derive from small studies, variably defined hormonal milieu and different experimental approaches and technologies. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Phenotyping immune cell subtypes is essential to determine the role of the endometrial immune niche in pregnancy and endometrial homeostasis normally and in women with poor reproductive history and can facilitate development of innovative diagnostics and therapeutics for associated symptoms and compromised reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Vallvé-Juanico
- Department of Gynecology, IVI Barcelona S.L., 08017, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Biomedical Research in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94193, USA
| | - Sahar Houshdaran
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94193, USA
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94193, USA
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21
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Symons LK, Miller JE, Kay VR, Marks RM, Liblik K, Koti M, Tayade C. The Immunopathophysiology of Endometriosis. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:748-762. [PMID: 30054239 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory, estrogen-dependent disease characterized by the growth of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. Although the etiology of endometriosis remains elusive, immunological dysfunction has been proposed as a critical facilitator of ectopic lesion growth following retrograde menstruation of endometrial debris. However, it is not clear whether this immune dysfunction is a cause or consequence of endometriosis. Thus, here we provide in-depth insights into our current understanding of the immunopathophysiology of endometriosis and highlight challenges and opportunities for future research. With the explosion of successful immune-based therapies targeting various chronic inflammatory conditions, it is crucial to determine whether immune dysfunction can be therapeutically targeted in endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K Symons
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jessica E Miller
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Vanessa R Kay
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ryan M Marks
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kiera Liblik
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 2V7, Canada; Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Izumi G, Koga K, Takamura M, Makabe T, Satake E, Takeuchi A, Taguchi A, Urata Y, Fujii T, Osuga Y. Involvement of immune cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 44:191-198. [PMID: 29316073 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by the implantation and growth of endometriotic tissues outside the uterus. It is widely accepted the theory that endometriosis is caused by the implantation of endometrial tissue from retrograde menstruation; however, retrograde menstruation occurs in almost all women and other factors are required for the establishment of endometriosis, such as cell survival, cell invasion, angiogenesis, and cell growth. Immune factors in the local environment may, therefore, contribute to the formation and progression of endometriosis. Current evidence supports the involvement of immune cells in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages secrete biochemical factors that help endometriotic cell growth and invasion, and angiogenesis. Peritoneal macrophages and NK cells in endometriosis have limited capability of eliminating endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity. An imbalance of T cell subsets leads to aberrant cytokine secretions and inflammation that results in the growth of endometriosis lesions. It is still uncertain whether these immune cells have a role in the initial cause and/or stimulate actions that enhance disease; however, in either case, modulating the actions of these cells may prevent initiation or disease progression. Further studies are needed to deepen the understanding of the pathology of endometriosis and to develop novel management approaches of benefit to women suffering from this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentaro Izumi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Takamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Makabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erina Satake
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Takeuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Urata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Du Y, Liu X, Guo SW. Platelets impair natural killer cell reactivity and function in endometriosis through multiple mechanisms. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:794-810. [PMID: 28184445 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study question Do platelets have any role in the reduced cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells in endometriosis? Summary answer Platelets impair NK cell reactivity and function in endometriosis through multiple mechanisms. What is known already Platelets play an important role in the development of endometriosis, and platelet-derived transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) suppresses the expression of NK Group 2, Member D (NKG2D) on NK cells, resulting in reduced cytotoxicity in women with endometriosis. Study design size, duration Experiments on mice with induced endometriosis in which either platelets, NK cells or both were depleted and controls (none depleted). In vitro experiments with NK cells, platelets and, as target cells, endometriotic epithelial cell and endometrial stromal cell lines. Participants/materials setting methods Immunohistochemistry analysis of ectopic endometrial tissues from mice with induced endometriosis receiving either platelet depletion (PD), NK cell depletion, or both or none. Immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and gene expression analysis for major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression in target cells. Cytotoxicity and degranulation assays and the measurement of interferon (IFN)-γ secretion for the evaluation of NK cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry and gene expression for the expression of NK cell receptors. Main results and the role of chance PD resulted in significantly reduced lesion weight in mice with induced endometriosis, but NK cell depletion as well as concomitant platelet and NK cell depletion increased the weight, suggesting that the anti-endometriosis effect of PD is mediated, at least in part, by increased NK cell cytotoxicity against endometriotic cells. Co-incubation of target cells with platelets resulted in rapid platelet coating as well as increased MHC-I expression in these cells, effectively providing a cloak of 'pseudo-self' to these cells to shield against NK cell lysis. It also reduced the expression of NKG2D ligands MICA and MICB and reduced the NK cell cytotoxicity. In addition, co-incubation of NK cells with platelets impaired the NK cell cytotoxicity as well. This impaired NK cell cytotoxicity was not due to the increased NK cell apoptosis, but, rather, through reduced NK cell degranulation and IFN-γ production, and reduced expression of activating receptors NKG2D and NKp46 and increased expression of inhibitory receptor KIR2DL1 in NK cells. Inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling partially restored the aberrant expression of NKG2D, NKp46 and KIR2DL1, and partially restored the impaired NK cell cytotoxicity induced by activated platelets and their releasate. Large scale data Not applicable. Limitations reasons for caution This study is confined by the limitation of animal and in vitro experimentation and the lack of direct human data. Wider implications of the findings Anti-platelet treatment holds promise in treating endometriosis. Study funding/competing interests The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81471434 to S.W.G., 81270676 to S.W.G., 81370695 to X.S.L. and 81671436 to X.S.L). None of the authors has anything to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Du
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai College of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xishi Liu
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai College of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai College of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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申 九, 熊 共, 郑 启, 张 宏, 洪 再. 自然杀伤细胞抑制肝癌肺转移. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:2028-2038. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i22.2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
目的 研究自然杀伤(natural killer, NK)细胞对肝癌的抑制作用, 为临床应用提供实验依据.
方法 从人外周血分离培养及鉴定NK细胞. 在体外, 研究NK细胞抑制肝癌细胞的增殖、迁徙、转移. 在体内, 检测NK细胞在裸鼠肝脏存活情况. 利用人肝癌组织裸鼠肝脏原位移植模型来评估NK细胞在体内对肝癌生长、转移的抑制功能. 通过检测NK细胞活化受体、NKB1、穿孔素和颗粒酶的表达情况来评估白介素(interleukin, IL)-2对NK细胞免疫功能的刺激作用.
结果 采用密度梯度法可以获取较大量的外周血单个核细胞, 且能够从中分离到高活力的NK细胞. NK细胞经IL-2激活后活力增高, 成簇悬浮繁殖、扩增、生长. 在体外, NK细胞可抑制肝癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭. 在体内, NK细胞在裸鼠肝脏可长期存活; NK细胞可明显抑制裸鼠肝癌肺转移. 然而, NK细胞对肝脏肿瘤生长抑制不明显. IL-2可诱导NK细胞免疫相关分子的表达并提高其肿瘤抑制功能.
结论 NK细胞的免疫学功能可被IL-2活化从而抑制肝癌的转移.
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Yu JJ, Sun HT, Zhang ZF, Shi RX, Liu LB, Shang WQ, Wei CY, Chang KK, Shao J, Wang MY, Li MQ. IL15 promotes growth and invasion of endometrial stromal cells and inhibits killing activity of NK cells in endometriosis. Reproduction 2016; 152:151-60. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMS) is associated with an abnormal immune response to endometrial cells, which can facilitate the implantation and proliferation of ectopic endometrial tissues. It has been reported that human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) express interleukin (IL)15. The aim of our study was to elucidate whether or not IL15 regulates the cross talk between ESCs and natural killer (NK) cells in the endometriotic milieu and, if so, how this regulation occurs. The ESC behaviors in vitro were verified by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Annexin/PI, and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. To imitate the local immune microenvironment, the co-culture system between ESCs and NK cells was constructed. The effect of IL15 on NK cells in the co-culture unit was investigated by flow cytometry (FCM). In this study, we found that ectopic endometrium from patients with EMS highly expressed IL15. Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, decreased the level of IL15 receptors (i.e. IL15Rα and IL2Rβ). IL15 inhibits apoptosis and promotes the invasiveness, viability, and proliferation of ESCs. Meanwhile, a co-culture with ESCs led to a decrease in CD16 on NK cells. In the co-culture system, IL15 treatment downregulated the levels of Granzyme B and IFN-γ in CD16+NK cells, NKG2D in CD56dimCD16-NK cells, and NKP44 in CD56brightCD16-NK cells. On the one hand, these results indicated that IL15 derived from ESCs directly stimulates the growth and invasion of ESCs. On the other hand, IL15 may help the immune escape of ESCs by suppressing the cytotoxic activity of NK cells in the ectopic milieu, thereby facilitating the progression of EMS.
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Decreased Cytotoxicity of Peripheral and Peritoneal Natural Killer Cell in Endometriosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2916070. [PMID: 27294113 PMCID: PMC4880704 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2916070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis causes significant chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility and affects 10% of all women. In endometriosis, ectopic endometrium surviving after retrograde menstruation exhibits an abnormal immune response characterized by increased levels of activated macrophages and inflammatory cytokines. Particularly, dysfunctional natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease by either facilitating or inhibiting the survival, implantation, and proliferation of endometrial cells. NK cells in the peritoneum and peritoneal fluid exhibit reduced levels of cytotoxicity in women with endometriosis. Several cytokines and inhibitory factors in the serum and peritoneal fluid also dysregulate NK cell cytotoxicity. Additionally, increased numbers of immature peripheral NK cells and induction of NK cell apoptosis are evident in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. The high rate of endometriosis recurrence after pharmaceutical or surgical treatment, which is associated with dysfunctional NK cells, indicates that new immunomodulatory management strategies are required. A good understanding of immune dysfunction would enable improvement of current treatments for endometriosis.
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Nisenblat V, Bossuyt PMM, Shaikh R, Farquhar C, Jordan V, Scheffers CS, Mol BWJ, Johnson N, Hull ML. Blood biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2016:CD012179. [PMID: 27132058 PMCID: PMC7076288 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 10% of reproductive-aged women suffer from endometriosis, a costly chronic disease causing pelvic pain and subfertility. Laparoscopy is the gold standard diagnostic test for endometriosis, but is expensive and carries surgical risks. Currently, there are no non-invasive or minimally invasive tests available in clinical practice to accurately diagnose endometriosis. Although other reviews have assessed the ability of blood tests to diagnose endometriosis, this is the first review to use Cochrane methods, providing an update on the rapidly expanding literature in this field. OBJECTIVES To evaluate blood biomarkers as replacement tests for diagnostic surgery and as triage tests to inform decisions on surgery for endometriosis. Specific objectives include:1. To provide summary estimates of the diagnostic accuracy of blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of peritoneal, ovarian and deep infiltrating pelvic endometriosis, compared to surgical diagnosis as a reference standard.2. To assess the diagnostic utility of biomarkers that could differentiate ovarian endometrioma from other ovarian masses. SEARCH METHODS We did not restrict the searches to particular study designs, language or publication dates. We searched CENTRAL to July 2015, MEDLINE and EMBASE to May 2015, as well as these databases to 20 April 2015: CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, LILACS, OAIster, TRIP, ClinicalTrials.gov, DARE and PubMed. SELECTION CRITERIA We considered published, peer-reviewed, randomised controlled or cross-sectional studies of any size, including prospectively collected samples from any population of reproductive-aged women suspected of having one or more of the following target conditions: ovarian, peritoneal or deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). We included studies comparing the diagnostic test accuracy of one or more blood biomarkers with the findings of surgical visualisation of endometriotic lesions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently collected and performed a quality assessment of data from each study. For each diagnostic test, we classified the data as positive or negative for the surgical detection of endometriosis, and we calculated sensitivity and specificity estimates. We used the bivariate model to obtain pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity whenever sufficient datasets were available. The predetermined criteria for a clinically useful blood test to replace diagnostic surgery were a sensitivity of 0.94 and a specificity of 0.79 to detect endometriosis. We set the criteria for triage tests at a sensitivity of ≥ 0.95 and a specificity of ≥ 0.50, which 'rules out' the diagnosis with high accuracy if there is a negative test result (SnOUT test), or a sensitivity of ≥ 0.50 and a specificity of ≥ 0.95, which 'rules in' the diagnosis with high accuracy if there is a positive result (SpIN test). MAIN RESULTS We included 141 studies that involved 15,141 participants and evaluated 122 blood biomarkers. All the studies were of poor methodological quality. Studies evaluated the blood biomarkers either in a specific phase of the menstrual cycle or irrespective of the cycle phase, and they tested for them in serum, plasma or whole blood. Included women were a selected population with a high frequency of endometriosis (10% to 85%), in which surgery was indicated for endometriosis, infertility work-up or ovarian mass. Seventy studies evaluated the diagnostic performance of 47 blood biomarkers for endometriosis (44 single-marker tests and 30 combined tests of two to six blood biomarkers). These were angiogenesis/growth factors, apoptosis markers, cell adhesion molecules, high-throughput markers, hormonal markers, immune system/inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, microRNAs, tumour markers and other proteins. Most of these biomarkers were assessed in small individual studies, often using different cut-off thresholds, and we could only perform meta-analyses on the data sets for anti-endometrial antibodies, interleukin-6 (IL-6), cancer antigen-19.9 (CA-19.9) and CA-125. Diagnostic estimates varied significantly between studies for each of these biomarkers, and CA-125 was the only marker with sufficient data to reliably assess sources of heterogeneity.The mean sensitivities and specificities of anti-endometrial antibodies (4 studies, 759 women) were 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76 to 0.87) and 0.75 (95% CI 0.46 to 1.00). For IL-6, with a cut-off value of > 1.90 to 2.00 pg/ml (3 studies, 309 women), sensitivity was 0.63 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.75) and specificity was 0.69 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.82). For CA-19.9, with a cut-off value of > 37.0 IU/ml (3 studies, 330 women), sensitivity was 0.36 (95% CI 0.26 to 0.45) and specificity was 0.87 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.99).Studies assessed CA-125 at different thresholds, demonstrating the following mean sensitivities and specificities: for cut-off > 10.0 to 14.7 U/ml: 0.70 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.77) and 0.64 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.82); for cut-off > 16.0 to 17.6 U/ml: 0.56 (95% CI 0.24, 0.88) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.75, 1.00); for cut-off > 20.0 U/ml: 0.67 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.85) and 0.69 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.80); for cut-off > 25.0 to 26.0 U/ml: 0.73 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.79) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.77); for cut-off > 30.0 to 33.0 U/ml: 0.62 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.79) and 0.76 (95% CI 0.53 to 1.00); and for cut-off > 35.0 to 36.0 U/ml: 0.40 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.49) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.94).We could not statistically evaluate other biomarkers meaningfully, including biomarkers that were assessed for their ability to differentiate endometrioma from other benign ovarian cysts.Eighty-two studies evaluated 97 biomarkers that did not differentiate women with endometriosis from disease-free controls. Of these, 22 biomarkers demonstrated conflicting results, with some studies showing differential expression and others no evidence of a difference between the endometriosis and control groups. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Of the biomarkers that were subjected to meta-analysis, none consistently met the criteria for a replacement or triage diagnostic test. A subset of blood biomarkers could prove useful either for detecting pelvic endometriosis or for differentiating ovarian endometrioma from other benign ovarian masses, but there was insufficient evidence to draw meaningful conclusions. Overall, none of the biomarkers displayed enough accuracy to be used clinically outside a research setting. We also identified blood biomarkers that demonstrated no diagnostic value in endometriosis and recommend focusing research resources on evaluating other more clinically useful biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Nisenblat
- The University of AdelaideDiscipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Robinson Research InstituteLevel 6, Medical School North,Frome RdAdelaideSAAustralia5005
| | - Patrick MM Bossuyt
- Academic Medical Center, University of AmsterdamDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and BioinformaticsRoom J1b‐217, PO Box 22700AmsterdamNetherlands1100 DE
| | - Rabia Shaikh
- IVF AustraliaWestmead Fertility ClinicLevel 2 20‐22 Mons Road, WestmeadSydneyVictoriaAustralia2145
| | - Cindy Farquhar
- University of AucklandDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyFMHS Park RoadGraftonAucklandNew Zealand1003
| | - Vanessa Jordan
- University of AucklandDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyFMHS Park RoadGraftonAucklandNew Zealand1003
| | - Carola S Scheffers
- University of GroningenWenckebachlaan 53GroningenGroningenNetherlands9728 JL
| | - Ben Willem J Mol
- The University of AdelaideDiscipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Robinson Research InstituteLevel 6, Medical School North,Frome RdAdelaideSAAustralia5005
| | - Neil Johnson
- The University of AdelaideDiscipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Robinson Research InstituteLevel 6, Medical School North,Frome RdAdelaideSAAustralia5005
| | - M Louise Hull
- The University of AdelaideDiscipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Robinson Research InstituteLevel 6, Medical School North,Frome RdAdelaideSAAustralia5005
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Guo SW, Du Y, Liu X. Platelet-derived TGF-β1 mediates the down-modulation of NKG2D expression and may be responsible for impaired natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity in women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2016; 31:1462-74. [PMID: 27130956 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does platelet-derived transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) have any role in the reduced cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells in women with endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER Platelet-derived TGF-β1 suppresses the expression of NK Group 2, Member D (NKG2D) on NK cells, resulting in reduced cytotoxicity in women with endometriosis, but neutralization of TGF-β1 reverses the reduction. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY NK cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes that play an important role in peritoneal immune surveillance, and their function is known to be impaired in women with endometriosis. There is increased platelet aggregation in endometriotic lesions and increased platelet activation rate in the peripheral blood in women with endometriosis, yet activated platelets release copiousTGF-β1, which is known to be a potent immunosuppressive molecule that suppresses NK cell function and NKG2D expression. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Cross-sectional clinical studies of 30 women with endometriosis and 33 women without endometriosis and in vitro experimentation with and without TGF-β1 blockade. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Peritoneal fluid (PF) samples from premenopausal women with endometriosis and age- and menstrual phase-matched controls were collected. Platelet count, white blood cell (WBC) count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet activation rate, TGF-β1 concentration, expression levels of NKG2D on NK cells in the PF were evaluated. The apoptosis of freshly isolated NK cells treated with PF from women with endometriosis, the NK cytotoxicity and NKG2D expression treated with PF in the presence or absence of an anti-TGF-β1 antibody were also determined. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The platelet count, WBC count, MPV, platelet activation rate and the TGF-β1 concentration in the PF from women with endometriosis were significantly elevated when compared with those of women without endometriosis. The TGF-β1 concentration correlated positively with the platelet activation rate (r = 0.59, P < 0.01), suggesting that activated platelets are responsible, at least in part, for the increased TGF-β1 concentration. The cytotoxicity of freshly isolated NK cells treated with PF of women with endometriosis is significantly reduced when compared with that of women without endometriosis. Both the platelet activation rate and the TGF-β1 concentration in the PF correlated negatively with the NKG2D expression in NK cells isolated from the PF (r = -0.36, P < 0.01, and r = -0.45, P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, the NKG2D expression level and the cytotoxicity in freshly isolated NK cells were found to be significantly reduced if co-cultured with PF from women with endometriosis, but the TGF-β1 blockade effectively reverses the reduction. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study is limited by the cross-sectional nature of the study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS NKG2D is known to potently activate NK cells, so potent that it even overrides inhibitory signals transduced by other inhibitory receptors. This is the first time we demonstrate that platelet-derived TGF-β1 may be responsible for reduced NKG2D expression as well as reduced cytotoxicity of NK cells in women with endometriosis. This study provides yet another piece of evidence that platelets play critical roles in the development of endometriosis, and anti-platelet treatment should improve NK cell functionality in treating endometriosis. Equally important, this study highlights the critical role of the lesion microenvironment in shaping NK cell-mediated anti-endometriotic immunity. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS This research was supported in part by grants 81270676 (S.-W.G.), 81471434 (S.-W.G.), 81530040 (S.-W.G.), and 81370695 (X.L.) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and grant 2013ZYJB0019 (X.L.) from Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning. None of the authors has anything to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanbo Du
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xishi Liu
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, 419 Fangxie Road, Shanghai 200011, China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Hong ZF, Zhao WX, Yin ZY, Xie CR, Xu YP, Chi XQ, Zhang S, Wang XM. Natural killer cells inhibit pulmonary metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2019-2026. [PMID: 26998115 PMCID: PMC4774462 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have been demonstrated to inhibit tumor growth. However, the role of NK cells in the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis is not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the roles that NK cells may serve in inhibiting hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. The role of isolated NK cells in the inhibition, proliferation, migration and invasion of the hepatoma cell line, MHCC97-H, was examined in vitro. Additionally, the survival rate of NK cells labeled with carboxyfluorescein diacetate-succinimidyl ester was assessed in vivo. An orthotopic implantation model was used to evaluate the role of NK cells in suppressing MHCC97-H cells in vivo. The effect of interleukin (IL)-2 stimulation on the tumor-inhibitory role of the NK cells was measured indirectly by analyzing the expression of various NK cell receptors and activated NK cell markers. It was observed that the NK cells inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of the MHCC97-H cells in vitro. Furthermore, the NK cells demonstrated long-term survival in the livers of the nude mice, and inhibited lung metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. However, liver tumor growth was not inhibited by the NK cells. IL-2 was identified to enhance the tumor-inhibitory effect of NK cells. The present study concludes that IL-2 may enhance the antitumor activity of the NK cells, and thereby inhibit the metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Fa Hong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Disease Center, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, P.R. China; Post Graduate College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xiu Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Rong Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qin Chi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
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Thiruchelvam U, Wingfield M, O'Farrelly C. Natural Killer Cells: Key Players in Endometriosis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 74:291-301. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uma Thiruchelvam
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Mary Wingfield
- Merrion Fertility Clinic; National Maternity Hospital; Dublin Ireland
- University College; Belfield Dublin Ireland
| | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- School of Medicine; Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
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Zhang P, Lu X, Tao K, Shi L, Li W, Wang G, Wu K. Siglec-10 is associated with survival and natural killer cell dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Surg Res 2015; 194:107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kawashima M, Maeda N, Adachi Y, Takeuchi T, Yamamoto Y, Izumiya C, Hayashi K, Furihata M, Udaka K, Fukaya T. Human leukocyte antigen-G, a ligand for the natural killer receptor KIR2DL4, is expressed by eutopic endometrium only in the menstrual phase. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Eidukaite A, Tamosiunas V. Soluble HLA-G in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2008; 89:465-7. [PMID: 17509578 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the level of soluble HLA-G molecules in the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients. The findings demonstrate that a soluble HLA-G level in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis is similar to that of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrone Eidukaite
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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34
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Campillo JA, Martínez-Escribano JA, Moya-Quiles MR, Marín LA, Muro M, Guerra N, Parrado A, Campos M, Frías JF, Minguela A, García-Alonso AM, Alvarez-López MR. Natural Killer Receptors on CD8 T Cells and Natural Killer Cells from Different HLA-C Phenotypes in Melanoma Patients. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:4822-31. [PMID: 16914567 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because immune mechanisms involved in cutaneous melanoma have not been fully elucidated, efforts have been made to achieve prognosis markers and potential targets for immune therapies, but they have not been entirely fruitful thus far. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the involvement of early changes in CD8 T cells and CD56 natural killer (NK) cells expressing NK receptors in different HLA-C dimorphism groups of melanoma patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CD8 T cells and CD56 NK cells were analyzed in 41 patients and 39 sex- and age-matched controls with different HLA-C genotypes by flow cytometry. HLA-C dimorphism at position 80 was tested by PCR sequence-specific primers and PCR sequence-specific oligonucleotide to examine whether it could mediate in the emergence of cells expressing killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. RESULTS Thirty-five of 41 patients had benign sentinel node, and showed an imbalance in the absolute number of CD8(+)DR(+) or CD8(+)CD161(+) peripheral blood T cells according to the CD28 coexpression compared with controls. CD8(+)CD28(-)CD158a(+) T and CD56(+)CD158a(+) NK cells were significantly increased in HLA-C(Lys80) homozygous nonmetastatic patients, whereas only CD56(+)CD158a(+) NK cells increased in heterozygous ones. An up-regulation of the CD158a KIR receptor was also seen on NK cells but not in T cells of patients at advanced disease stages. CONCLUSIONS This work provides, for the first time, evidence of immune activation in early stages of cutaneous melanoma, together with an increase of cells expressing CD158a in patients bearing the corresponding HLA-C ligand, which may be important to evaluate the disease progression and to use individualized immune therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Campillo
- Immunology Service and Dermatology Section, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Minimally invasive gynecologic procedures. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2006; 18:464-7. [PMID: 16794430 DOI: 10.1097/01.gco.0000233944.74672.e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang C, Maeda N, Izumiya C, Yamamoto Y, Kusume T, Oguri H, Yamashita C, Nishimori Y, Hayashi K, Luo J, Fukaya T. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen expression as immunodiagnostic parameters for pelvic endometriosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 55:106-14. [PMID: 16433829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2005.00332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM We investigated host immunologic responses to endometriosis by comparing immune cell surface antigens in peripheral blood (PB) and peritoneal fluid (PF) from women with endometriosis with those in PB and PF from other patients. METHOD OF STUDY Japanese women with endometriosis (n = 56) were compared with controls with other laparoscopic diagnoses (n = 68). PB and PF were collected at the time of laparoscopy for flow cytometry. RESULTS No significant difference in phenotypic parameters of T cells (CD3, CD4, and CD8), B cells (CD19), natural killer (NK) cells (CD56), or monocytes/macrophages (CD14) was seen between women with and without endometriosis. However, increased killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (CD158a) expression by NK cells and decreased human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-ABC and -DR expression by macrophages, all suggesting decreased functional activation were found in endometriosis. These markers showed significant association with endometriosis by odds ratio, logistic regression, and decision tree analyses. CONCLUSIONS Increased CD158a(+) NK cells in PB and PF indicated decreased NK cell cytotoxicity in endometriosis, while decreased HLA expression on PF macrophages suggested impaired antigen presentation. Thus, aberrant immune responses by NK cells and macrophages may represent risk factors for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Jiamusi University, HeiLong Jiang, China
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Biassoni R, Dimasi N. Human natural killer cell receptor functions and their implication in diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2005; 1:405-417. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.1.3.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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