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Rodriguez-Caro L, Fenner J, Benson C, Van Belleghem SM, Counterman BA. Genome Assembly of the Dogface Butterfly Zerene cesonia. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:3580-3585. [PMID: 31755926 PMCID: PMC6944212 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparisons of high-quality, reference butterfly, and moth genomes have been instrumental to advancing our understanding of how hybridization, and natural selection drive genomic change during the origin of new species and novel traits. Here, we present a genome assembly of the Southern Dogface butterfly, Zerene cesonia (Pieridae) whose brilliant wing colorations have been implicated in developmental plasticity, hybridization, sexual selection, and speciation. We assembled 266,407,278 bp of the Z. cesonia genome, which accounts for 98.3% of the estimated 271 Mb genome size. Using a hybrid approach involving Chicago libraries with Hi-Rise assembly and a diploid Meraculous assembly, the final haploid genome was assembled. In the final assembly, nearly all autosomes and the Z chromosome were assembled into single scaffolds. The largest 29 scaffolds accounted for 91.4% of the genome assembly, with the remaining ∼8% distributed among another 247 scaffolds and overall N50 of 9.2 Mb. Tissue-specific RNA-seq informed annotations identified 16,442 protein-coding genes, which included 93.2% of the arthropod Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO). The Z. cesonia genome assembly had ∼9% identified as repetitive elements, with a transposable element landscape rich in helitrons. Similar to other Lepidoptera genomes, Z. cesonia showed a high conservation of chromosomal synteny. The Z. cesonia assembly provides a high-quality reference for studies of chromosomal arrangements in the Pierid family, as well as for population, phylo, and functional genomic studies of adaptation and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodriguez-Caro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Jennifer Fenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University
| | - Caleb Benson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University
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de Vos JM, Augustijnen H, Bätscher L, Lucek K. Speciation through chromosomal fusion and fission in Lepidoptera. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190539. [PMID: 32654638 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in chromosome numbers may strongly affect reproductive barriers, because individuals heterozygous for distinct karyotypes are typically expected to be at least partially sterile or to show reduced recombination. Therefore, several classic speciation models are based on chromosomal changes. One import mechanism generating variation in chromosome numbers is fusion and fission of existing chromosomes, which is particularly likely in species with holocentric chromosomes, i.e. chromosomes that lack a single centromere. Holocentric chromosomes evolved repeatedly across the tree of life, including in Lepidoptera. Although changes in chromosome numbers are hypothesized to be an important driver of the spectacular diversification of Lepidoptera, comparative studies across the order are lacking. We performed the first comprehensive literature survey of karyotypes for Lepidoptera species since the 1970s and tested if, and how, chromosomal variation might affect speciation. Even though a meta-analysis of karyological differences between closely related taxa did not reveal an effect on the degree of reproductive isolation, phylogenetic diversification rate analyses across the 16 best-covered genera indicated a strong, positive association of rates of chromosome number evolution and speciation. These findings suggest a macroevolutionary impact of varying chromosome numbers in Lepidoptera and likely apply to other taxonomic groups, especially to those with holocentric chromosomes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurriaan M de Vos
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Augustijnen
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Livio Bätscher
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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3
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Yang J, Wan W, Xie M, Mao J, Dong Z, Lu S, He J, Xie F, Liu G, Dai X, Chang Z, Zhao R, Zhang R, Wang S, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Wang W, Li X. Chromosome‐level reference genome assembly and gene editing of the dead‐leaf butterfly
Kallima inachus. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 20:1080-1092. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Wenting Wan
- School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Meng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- College of Life Sciences Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan China
| | - Junlai Mao
- School of Marine Science and Technology Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan China
| | - Zhiwei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Sihan Lu
- School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Jinwu He
- School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Feiang Xie
- School of Marine Science and Technology Zhejiang Ocean University Zhoushan China
| | - Guichun Liu
- School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Xuelei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Zhou Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Ruoping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
| | - Ru Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and School of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing China
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Kunming China
| | - Xueyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China
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Magalhães BRDS, Sosa-Goméz DR, Dionísio JF, Dias FC, Baldissera JNDC, Rincão MP, Da Rosa R. Cytogenetic markers applied to cytotaxonomy in two soybean pests: Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner, 1818) and Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, 1858). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230244. [PMID: 32160240 PMCID: PMC7065768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner, 1818) and Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, 1858) are species of Lepidoptera that cause great damages in the soybean plantations of Brazil. Despite the importance they have in this regard, there are no studies on the chromosomal organization of these species and recently, A. gemmatalis, which belonged to the Noctuidae family, was allocated to the Erebidae family. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to analyze, through conventional and molecular cytogenetic markers, both species of Lepidoptera. A 2n = 62 was observed, with ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system and holokinetic chromosomes for both species. There was homogeneity in the number of 18S rDNA sites for both species. However, variations in heterochromatin distribution were observed between both species. The cytogenetic analyses enabled separation of the species, corroborating the transference of A. gemmatalis, from the family Noctuidae to the family Erebidae, suggesting new cytotaxonomic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaqueline Fernanda Dionísio
- Laboratório de Citogenética Animal, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brasil
| | - Felipe Cordeiro Dias
- Laboratório de Citogenética Animal, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brasil
| | | | - Matheus Pires Rincão
- Laboratório de Citogenética Animal, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brasil
| | - Renata Da Rosa
- Laboratório de Citogenética Animal, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brasil
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Hill J, Rastas P, Hornett EA, Neethiraj R, Clark N, Morehouse N, de la Paz Celorio-Mancera M, Cols JC, Dircksen H, Meslin C, Keehnen N, Pruisscher P, Sikkink K, Vives M, Vogel H, Wiklund C, Woronik A, Boggs CL, Nylin S, Wheat CW. Unprecedented reorganization of holocentric chromosomes provides insights into the enigma of lepidopteran chromosome evolution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau3648. [PMID: 31206013 PMCID: PMC6561736 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome evolution presents an enigma in the mega-diverse Lepidoptera. Most species exhibit constrained chromosome evolution with nearly identical haploid chromosome counts and chromosome-level gene collinearity among species more than 140 million years divergent. However, a few species possess radically inflated chromosomal counts due to extensive fission and fusion events. To address this enigma of constraint in the face of an exceptional ability to change, we investigated an unprecedented reorganization of the standard lepidopteran chromosome structure in the green-veined white butterfly (Pieris napi). We find that gene content in P. napi has been extensively rearranged in large collinear blocks, which until now have been masked by a haploid chromosome number close to the lepidopteran average. We observe that ancient chromosome ends have been maintained and collinear blocks are enriched for functionally related genes suggesting both a mechanism and a possible role for selection in determining the boundaries of these genome-wide rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Hill
- Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Corresponding author. (J.H.); (C.W.W.)
| | - Pasi Rastas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emily A. Hornett
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ramprasad Neethiraj
- Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathan Clark
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Nathan Morehouse
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | | | - Jofre Carnicer Cols
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Global Ecology Unit, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Heinrich Dircksen
- Functional Morphology, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Camille Meslin
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- INRA, Department of Sensory Ecology, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Route de Saint-Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Naomi Keehnen
- Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Pruisscher
- Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristin Sikkink
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Maria Vives
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Global Ecology Unit, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Christer Wiklund
- Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alyssa Woronik
- Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Department of Biology, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Carol L. Boggs
- Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sören Nylin
- Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher W. Wheat
- Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Corresponding author. (J.H.); (C.W.W.)
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6
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Evolutionary Mechanisms of Varying Chromosome Numbers in the Radiation of Erebia Butterflies. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9030166. [PMID: 29547586 PMCID: PMC5867887 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of intrinsic barriers to gene flow is a crucial step in the process of speciation. Chromosomal changes caused by fusion and fission events are one such barrier and are common in several groups of Lepidoptera. However, it remains unclear if and how chromosomal changes have contributed to speciation in this group. I tested for a phylogenetic signal of varying chromosome numbers in Erebia butterflies by combining existing sequence data with karyological information. I also compared different models of trait evolution in order to infer the underlying evolutionary mechanisms. Overall, I found significant phylogenetic signals that are consistent with non-neutral trait evolution only when parts of the mitochondrial genome were included, suggesting cytonuclear discordances. The adaptive evolutionary model tested in this study consistently outperformed the neutral model of trait evolution. Taken together, these results suggest that, unlike other Lepidoptera groups, changes in chromosome numbers may have played a role in the diversification of Erebia butterflies.
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7
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Ahola V, Wahlberg N, Frilander MJ. Butterfly Genomics: Insights from the Genome ofMelitaea cinxia. ANN ZOOL FENN 2017. [DOI: 10.5735/086.054.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Ahola
- Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Wahlberg
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mikko J. Frilander
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Guerra M. Agmatoploidy and symploidy: a critical review. Genet Mol Biol 2016; 39:492-496. [PMID: 27791217 PMCID: PMC5127162 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Agmatoploidy is a type of chromosome rearrangement that involves the fragmentation of
an entire chromosome complement, generating a diploid with double its original
chromosome number. Agmatoploidy and other related karyotype changes, such as
symploidy (the opposite change, promoted by chromosome fusion), partial agmatoploidy,
polyagmatoploidy, etc., are restricted to species with holokinetic chromosomes and
are assumed to play an important role in their karyotype evolution. However, a
critical review of the literature shows that examples of chromosome number doubling
by agmatoploidy are rare and not clearly demonstrated, while partial agmatoploidy and
partial symploidy seem to be the same as ascending and descending disploidy,
respectively. It is therefore proposed here that these terms should be avoided or
even abolished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Guerra
- Laboratório de Citogenética e Evolução Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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9
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Ahola V, Lehtonen R, Somervuo P, Salmela L, Koskinen P, Rastas P, Välimäki N, Paulin L, Kvist J, Wahlberg N, Tanskanen J, Hornett EA, Ferguson LC, Luo S, Cao Z, de Jong MA, Duplouy A, Smolander OP, Vogel H, McCoy RC, Qian K, Chong WS, Zhang Q, Ahmad F, Haukka JK, Joshi A, Salojärvi J, Wheat CW, Grosse-Wilde E, Hughes D, Katainen R, Pitkänen E, Ylinen J, Waterhouse RM, Turunen M, Vähärautio A, Ojanen SP, Schulman AH, Taipale M, Lawson D, Ukkonen E, Mäkinen V, Goldsmith MR, Holm L, Auvinen P, Frilander MJ, Hanski I. The Glanville fritillary genome retains an ancient karyotype and reveals selective chromosomal fusions in Lepidoptera. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4737. [PMID: 25189940 PMCID: PMC4164777 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that chromosome synteny in Lepidoptera has been well conserved, yet the number of haploid chromosomes varies widely from 5 to 223. Here we report the genome (393 Mb) of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia; Nymphalidae), a widely recognized model species in metapopulation biology and eco-evolutionary research, which has the putative ancestral karyotype of n=31. Using a phylogenetic analyses of Nymphalidae and of other Lepidoptera, combined with orthologue-level comparisons of chromosomes, we conclude that the ancestral lepidopteran karyotype has been n=31 for at least 140 My. We show that fusion chromosomes have retained the ancestral chromosome segments and very few rearrangements have occurred across the fusion sites. The same, shortest ancestral chromosomes have independently participated in fusion events in species with smaller karyotypes. The short chromosomes have higher rearrangement rate than long ones. These characteristics highlight distinctive features of the evolutionary dynamics of butterflies and moths. Butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) vary in chromosome number. Here, the authors sequence the genome of the Glanville fritillary butterfly, Melitaea cinxia, show it has the ancestral lepidopteran karyotype and provide insight into how chromosomal fusions have shaped karyotype evolution in butterflies and moths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virpi Ahola
- 1] Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2]
| | - Rainer Lehtonen
- 1] Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [3] Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [4] Center of Excellence in Cancer Genetics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [5] [6]
| | - Panu Somervuo
- 1] Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2] Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [3]
| | - Leena Salmela
- Department of Computer Science &Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Patrik Koskinen
- 1] Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2] Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Rastas
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niko Välimäki
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2] Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Paulin
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Kvist
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niklas Wahlberg
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tanskanen
- 1] Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2] Biotechnology and Food Research, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Emily A Hornett
- 1] Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK [2] Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | | | - Shiqi Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Zijuan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Maaike A de Jong
- 1] Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2] School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK
| | - Anne Duplouy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rajiv C McCoy
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kui Qian
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Wong Swee Chong
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Qin Zhang
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Freed Ahmad
- Department of Information Technology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jani K Haukka
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Aruj Joshi
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ewald Grosse-Wilde
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Hughes
- 1] European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK [2] Baylor College of Medicine, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
| | - Riku Katainen
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2] Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Esa Pitkänen
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2] Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johannes Ylinen
- Department of Computer Science &Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- 1] Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School &Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland [2] Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA [3] The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Mikko Turunen
- Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Vähärautio
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2] Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [3] Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sami P Ojanen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alan H Schulman
- 1] Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2] Biotechnology and Food Research, MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Minna Taipale
- 1] Genome-Scale Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2] Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14183 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Lawson
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Esko Ukkonen
- Department of Computer Science &Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli Mäkinen
- Department of Computer Science &Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marian R Goldsmith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881-0816, USA
| | - Liisa Holm
- 1] Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2] Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [3]
| | - Petri Auvinen
- 1] Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2]
| | - Mikko J Frilander
- 1] Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland [2]
| | - Ilkka Hanski
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Lukhtanov VA. Chromosome number evolution in skippers (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2014; 8:275-91. [PMID: 25610542 PMCID: PMC4296715 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v8i4.8789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), as many other groups of animals and plants, simultaneously represent preservation of ancestral karyotype in the majority of families with a high degree of chromosome number instability in numerous independently evolved phylogenetic lineages. However, the pattern and trends of karyotype evolution in some Lepidoptera families are poorly studied. Here I provide a survey of chromosome numbers in skippers (family Hesperiidae) based on intensive search and analysis of published data. I demonstrate that the majority of skippers preserve the haploid chromosome number n=31 that seems to be an ancestral number for the Hesperiidae and the order Lepidoptera at whole. However, in the tribe Baorini the derived number n=16 is the most typical state which can be used as a (syn)apomorphic character in further phylogenetic investigations. Several groups of skippers display extreme chromosome number variations on within-species (e.g. the representatives of the genus Carcharodus Hübner, [1819]) and between-species (e.g. the genus Agathymus Freeman, 1959) levels. Thus, these groups can be used as model systems for future analysis of the phenomenon of chromosome instability. Interspecific chromosomal differences are also shown to be useful for discovering and describing new cryptic species of Hesperiidae representing in such a way a powerful tool in biodiversity research. Generally, the skipper butterflies promise to be an exciting group that will significantly contribute to the growing knowledge of patterns and processes of chromosome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A. Lukhtanov
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Science, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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