1
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Rossi M, Hausmann AE, Alcami P, Moest M, Roussou R, Van Belleghem SM, Wright DS, Kuo CY, Lozano-Urrego D, Maulana A, Melo-Flórez L, Rueda-Muñoz G, McMahon S, Linares M, Osman C, McMillan WO, Pardo-Diaz C, Salazar C, Merrill RM. Adaptive introgression of a visual preference gene. Science 2024; 383:1368-1373. [PMID: 38513020 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj9201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Visual preferences are important drivers of mate choice and sexual selection, but little is known of how they evolve at the genetic level. In this study, we took advantage of the diversity of bright warning patterns displayed by Heliconius butterflies, which are also used during mate choice. Combining behavioral, population genomic, and expression analyses, we show that two Heliconius species have evolved the same preferences for red patterns by exchanging genetic material through hybridization. Neural expression of regucalcin1 correlates with visual preference across populations, and disruption of regucalcin1 with CRISPR-Cas9 impairs courtship toward conspecific females, providing a direct link between gene and behavior. Our results support a role for hybridization during behavioral evolution and show how visually guided behaviors contributing to adaptation and speciation are encoded within the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rossi
- Faculty of Biology, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
| | | | | | - Markus Moest
- Department of Ecology and Research Department for Limnology, Mondsee, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Chi-Yun Kuo
- Faculty of Biology, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
| | - Daniela Lozano-Urrego
- Faculty of Biology, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Lina Melo-Flórez
- Faculty of Biology, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Geraldine Rueda-Muñoz
- Faculty of Biology, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Mauricio Linares
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Camilo Salazar
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Richard M Merrill
- Faculty of Biology, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Gamboa, Panama
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2
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Weller HI, Hiller AE, Lord NP, Van Belleghem SM. recolorize: An R package for flexible colour segmentation of biological images. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14378. [PMID: 38361466 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Colour pattern variation provides biological information in fields ranging from disease ecology to speciation dynamics. Comparing colour pattern geometries across images requires colour segmentation, where pixels in an image are assigned to one of a set of colour classes shared by all images. Manual methods for colour segmentation are slow and subjective, while automated methods can struggle with high technical variation in aggregate image sets. We present recolorize, an R package toolbox for human-subjective colour segmentation with functions for batch-processing low-variation image sets and additional tools for handling images from diverse (high-variation) sources. The package also includes export options for a variety of formats and colour analysis packages. This paper illustrates recolorize for three example datasets, including high variation, batch processing and combining with reflectance spectra, and demonstrates the downstream use of methods that rely on this output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah I Weller
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna E Hiller
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nathan P Lord
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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3
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Tumulty JP, Miller SE, Van Belleghem SM, Weller HI, Jernigan CM, Vincent S, Staudenraus RJ, Legan AW, Polnaszek TJ, Uy FMK, Walton A, Sheehan MJ. Evidence for a selective link between cooperation and individual recognition. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5478-5487.e5. [PMID: 38065097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to recognize others is a frequent assumption of models of the evolution of cooperation. At the same time, cooperative behavior has been proposed as a selective agent favoring the evolution of individual recognition abilities. Although theory predicts that recognition and cooperation may co-evolve, data linking recognition abilities and cooperative behavior with evidence of selection are elusive. Here, we provide evidence of a selective link between individual recognition and cooperation in the paper wasp Polistes fuscatus through a combination of clinal, common garden, and population genomics analyses. We identified latitudinal clines in both rates of cooperative nesting and color pattern diversity, consistent with a selective link between recognition and cooperation. In behavioral experiments, we replicated previous results demonstrating individual recognition in cooperative and phenotypically diverse P. fuscatus from New York. In contrast, wasps from a less cooperative and phenotypically uniform Louisiana population showed no evidence of individual recognition. In a common garden experiment, groups of wasps from northern populations formed more stable and individually biased associations, indicating that recognition facilitates group stability. The strength of recent positive selection on cognition-associated loci likely to mediate individual recognition is substantially greater in northern compared with southern P. fuscatus populations. Collectively, these data suggest that individual recognition and cooperative nesting behavior have co-evolved in P. fuscatus because recognition helps stabilize social groups. This work provides evidence of a specific cognitive phenotype under selection because of social interactions, supporting the idea that social behavior can be a key driver of cognitive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Tumulty
- Laboratory for Animal Social Evolution and Recognition, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Sara E Miller
- Laboratory for Animal Social Evolution and Recognition, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Steven M Van Belleghem
- Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannah I Weller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Christopher M Jernigan
- Laboratory for Animal Social Evolution and Recognition, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sierra Vincent
- Laboratory for Animal Social Evolution and Recognition, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Regan J Staudenraus
- Laboratory for Animal Social Evolution and Recognition, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andrew W Legan
- Laboratory for Animal Social Evolution and Recognition, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Floria M K Uy
- Laboratory for Animal Social Evolution and Recognition, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Alexander Walton
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Michael J Sheehan
- Laboratory for Animal Social Evolution and Recognition, Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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4
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Cicconardi F, Milanetti E, Pinheiro de Castro EC, Mazo-Vargas A, Van Belleghem SM, Ruggieri AA, Rastas P, Hanly J, Evans E, Jiggins CD, Owen McMillan W, Papa R, Di Marino D, Martin A, Montgomery SH. Evolutionary dynamics of genome size and content during the adaptive radiation of Heliconiini butterflies. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5620. [PMID: 37699868 PMCID: PMC10497600 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41412-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Heliconius butterflies, a speciose genus of Müllerian mimics, represent a classic example of an adaptive radiation that includes a range of derived dietary, life history, physiological and neural traits. However, key lineages within the genus, and across the broader Heliconiini tribe, lack genomic resources, limiting our understanding of how adaptive and neutral processes shaped genome evolution during their radiation. Here, we generate highly contiguous genome assemblies for nine Heliconiini, 29 additional reference-assembled genomes, and improve 10 existing assemblies. Altogether, we provide a dataset of annotated genomes for a total of 63 species, including 58 species within the Heliconiini tribe. We use this extensive dataset to generate a robust and dated heliconiine phylogeny, describe major patterns of introgression, explore the evolution of genome architecture, and the genomic basis of key innovations in this enigmatic group, including an assessment of the evolution of putative regulatory regions at the Heliconius stem. Our work illustrates how the increased resolution provided by such dense genomic sampling improves our power to generate and test gene-phenotype hypotheses, and precisely characterize how genomes evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cicconardi
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom.
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Edoardo Milanetti
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Italian Institute of Technology, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anyi Mazo-Vargas
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR, Puerto Rico
- Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Pasi Rastas
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joseph Hanly
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington DC, WA, 20052, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Elizabeth Evans
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR, Puerto Rico
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR, Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, Puerto Rico
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
- Neuronal Death and Neuroprotection Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research-IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Palermo, Italy
| | - Arnaud Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington DC, WA, 20052, USA
| | - Stephen H Montgomery
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom.
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama.
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5
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Santiago GA, Volkman HR, Flores B, González GL, Charriez KN, Huertas LC, Van Belleghem SM, Rivera-Amill V, Major C, Colon C, Tosado R, Adams LE, Marzán M, Hernández L, Cardona I, O'Neill E, Paz-Bailey G, Papa R, Muñoz-Jordan JL. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Replacement of Delta as Predominant Variant, Puerto Rico. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:855-857. [PMID: 36878014 PMCID: PMC10045710 DOI: 10.3201/eid2904.221700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We reconstructed the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic caused by Omicron variant in Puerto Rico by sampling genomes collected during October 2021-May 2022. Our study revealed that Omicron BA.1 emerged and replaced Delta as the predominant variant in December 2021. Increased transmission rates and a dynamic landscape of Omicron sublineage infections followed.
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6
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Van Belleghem SM, Ruggieri AA, Concha C, Livraghi L, Hebberecht L, Rivera ES, Ogilvie JG, Hanly JJ, Warren IA, Planas S, Ortiz-Ruiz Y, Reed R, Lewis JJ, Jiggins CD, Counterman BA, McMillan WO, Papa R. High level of novelty under the hood of convergent evolution. Science 2023; 379:1043-1049. [PMID: 36893249 PMCID: PMC11000492 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the extent to which species use homologous regulatory architectures to achieve phenotypic convergence. By characterizing chromatin accessibility and gene expression in developing wing tissues, we compared the regulatory architecture of convergence between a pair of mimetic butterfly species. Although a handful of color pattern genes are known to be involved in their convergence, our data suggest that different mutational paths underlie the integration of these genes into wing pattern development. This is supported by a large fraction of accessible chromatin being exclusive to each species, including the de novo lineage-specific evolution of a modular optix enhancer. These findings may be explained by a high level of developmental drift and evolutionary contingency that occurs during the independent evolution of mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Van Belleghem
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Angelo A. Ruggieri
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Carolina Concha
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Luca Livraghi
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura Hebberecht
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edgardo Santiago Rivera
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Department of Biomaterials, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - James G. Ogilvie
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Joseph J. Hanly
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ian A. Warren
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Silvia Planas
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Yadira Ortiz-Ruiz
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Robert Reed
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - James J. Lewis
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - W. Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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7
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Ruggieri AA, Livraghi L, Lewis JJ, Evans E, Cicconardi F, Hebberecht L, Ortiz-Ruiz Y, Montgomery SH, Ghezzi A, Rodriguez-Martinez JA, Jiggins CD, McMillan WO, Counterman BA, Papa R, Van Belleghem SM. Erratum: A butterfly pan-genome reveals that a large amount of structural variation underlies the evolution of chromatin accessibility. Genome Res 2022; 32:2145. [PMID: 36623869 PMCID: PMC9808616 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277534.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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8
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Wu N, Evans E, van Schooten B, Meléndez-Rosa J, Ortiz Y, Planas Soto-Navarro SM, Van Belleghem SM, Counterman BA, Papa R, Zhang W. Widespread gene expression divergence in butterfly sensory tissues plays a fundamental role during reproductive isolation and speciation. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6762322. [PMID: 36251882 PMCID: PMC9641979 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neotropical Heliconius butterflies are well known for their intricate behaviors and multiple instances of incipient speciation. Chemosensing plays a fundamental role in the life history of these groups of butterflies and in the establishment of reproductive isolation. However, chemical communication involves synergistic sensory and accessory functions, and it remains challenging to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying behavioral differences. Here, we examine the gene expression profiles and genomic divergence of three sensory tissues (antennae, legs, and mouthparts) between sexes (females and males) and life stages (different adult stages) in two hybridizing butterflies, Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius cydno. By integrating comparative transcriptomic and population genomic approaches, we found evidence of widespread gene expression divergence, supporting a crucial role of sensory tissues in the establishment of species barriers. We also show that sensory diversification increases in a manner consistent with evolutionary divergence based on comparison with the more distantly related species Heliconius charithonia. The findings of our study strongly support the unique chemosensory function of antennae in all three species, the importance of the Z chromosome in interspecific divergence, and the nonnegligible role of nonchemosensory genes in the divergence of chemosensory tissues. Collectively, our results provide a genome-wide illustration of diversification in the chemosensory system under incomplete reproductive isolation, revealing strong molecular separation in the early stage of speciation. Here, we provide a unique perspective and relevant view of the genetic architecture (sensory and accessory functions) of chemosensing beyond the classic chemosensory gene families, leading to a better understanding of the magnitude and complexity of molecular changes in sensory tissues that contribute to the establishment of reproductive isolation and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Elizabeth Evans
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Bas van Schooten
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Jesyka Meléndez-Rosa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Yadira Ortiz
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Silvia M Planas Soto-Navarro
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico, United States of America.,Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00907, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico, United States of America.,Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brian A Counterman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan 00925, Puerto Rico, United States of America.,Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00907, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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9
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Ruggieri AA, Livraghi L, Lewis JJ, Evans E, Cicconardi F, Hebberecht L, Ortiz-Ruiz Y, Montgomery SH, Ghezzi A, Rodriguez-Martinez JA, Jiggins CD, McMillan WO, Counterman BA, Papa R, Van Belleghem SM. A butterfly pan-genome reveals that a large amount of structural variation underlies the evolution of chromatin accessibility. Genome Res 2022; 32:1862-1875. [PMID: 36109150 PMCID: PMC9712634 DOI: 10.1101/gr.276839.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite insertions and deletions being the most common structural variants (SVs) found across genomes, not much is known about how much these SVs vary within populations and between closely related species, nor their significance in evolution. To address these questions, we characterized the evolution of indel SVs using genome assemblies of three closely related Heliconius butterfly species. Over the relatively short evolutionary timescales investigated, up to 18.0% of the genome was composed of indels between two haplotypes of an individual Heliconius charithonia butterfly and up to 62.7% included lineage-specific SVs between the genomes of the most distant species (11 Mya). Lineage-specific sequences were mostly characterized as transposable elements (TEs) inserted at random throughout the genome and their overall distribution was similarly affected by linked selection as single nucleotide substitutions. Using chromatin accessibility profiles (i.e., ATAC-seq) of head tissue in caterpillars to identify sequences with potential cis-regulatory function, we found that out of the 31,066 identified differences in chromatin accessibility between species, 30.4% were within lineage-specific SVs and 9.4% were characterized as TE insertions. These TE insertions were localized closer to gene transcription start sites than expected at random and were enriched for sites with significant resemblance to several transcription factor binding sites with known function in neuron development in Drosophila We also identified 24 TE insertions with head-specific chromatin accessibility. Our results show high rates of structural genome evolution that were previously overlooked in comparative genomic studies and suggest a high potential for structural variation to serve as raw material for adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo A Ruggieri
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan PR 00931, Puerto Rico
| | - Luca Livraghi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092 Panamá, Panama
| | - James J Lewis
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Evans
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan PR 00931, Puerto Rico
| | - Francesco Cicconardi
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol BS8 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Hebberecht
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol BS8 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Yadira Ortiz-Ruiz
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan PR 00931, Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00926, Puerto Rico
| | - Stephen H Montgomery
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, Bristol BS8 1QU, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo Ghezzi
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan PR 00931, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092 Panamá, Panama
| | - Brian A Counterman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan PR 00931, Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan 00926, Puerto Rico
| | - Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan PR 00931, Puerto Rico
- Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Hendrickx F, De Corte Z, Sonet G, Van Belleghem SM, Köstlbacher S, Vangestel C. A masculinizing supergene underlies an exaggerated male reproductive morph in a spider. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:195-206. [PMID: 34949821 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In many species, individuals can develop into strikingly different morphs, which are determined by a simple Mendelian locus. How selection shapes loci that control complex phenotypic differences remains poorly understood. In the spider Oedothorax gibbosus, males develop either into a 'hunched' morph with conspicuous head structures or as a fast-developing 'flat' morph with a female-like appearance. We show that the hunched-determining allele contains a unique genomic fragment of approximately 3 megabases that is absent in the flat-determining allele. This fragment comprises dozens of genes that duplicated from genes found at the same as well as different chromosomes. All functional duplicates, including a duplicate of the key sexual differentiation regulatory gene doublesex, show male-specific expression, which illustrates their integrated role as a masculinizing supergene. Our findings demonstrate how extensive indel polymorphisms and duplications of regulatory genes may contribute to the evolution of co-adapted gene clusters, sex-limited reproductive morphs and the enigmatic evolution of exaggerated sexual traits in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Hendrickx
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium. .,Terrestrial Ecology Unity, Biology Department, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Zoë De Corte
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gontran Sonet
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Stephan Köstlbacher
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Carl Vangestel
- OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium.,Terrestrial Ecology Unity, Biology Department, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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11
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Santiago GA, Flores B, González GL, Charriez KN, Huertas LC, Volkman HR, Van Belleghem SM, Rivera-Amill V, Adams LE, Marzán M, Hernández L, Cardona I, O’Neill E, Paz-Bailey G, Papa R, Muñoz-Jordan JL. Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Puerto Rico enabled early detection and tracking of variants. Commun Med (Lond) 2022; 2:100. [PMID: 35968047 PMCID: PMC9366129 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Puerto Rico has experienced the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was first detected on the island in March of 2020, it spread rapidly though the island's population and became a critical threat to public health. Methods We conducted a genomic surveillance study through a partnership with health agencies and academic institutions to understand the emergence and molecular epidemiology of the virus on the island. We sampled COVID-19 cases monthly over 19 months and sequenced a total of 753 SARS-CoV-2 genomes between March 2020 and September 2021 to reconstruct the local epidemic in a regional context using phylogenetic inference. Results Our analyses reveal that multiple importation events propelled the emergence and spread of the virus throughout the study period, including the introduction and spread of most SARS-CoV-2 variants detected world-wide. Lineage turnover cycles through various phases of the local epidemic were observed, where the predominant lineage was replaced by the next competing lineage or variant after ~4 months of circulation locally. We also identified the emergence of lineage B.1.588, an autochthonous lineage that predominated in Puerto Rico from September to December 2020 and subsequently spread to the United States. Conclusions The results of this collaborative approach highlight the importance of timely collection and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance data to inform public health responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto A. Santiago
- grid.470962.eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centers for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Betzabel Flores
- grid.470962.eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centers for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Glenda L. González
- grid.470962.eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centers for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Keyla N. Charriez
- grid.470962.eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centers for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Limari Cora Huertas
- grid.280412.dUniversity of Puerto Rico—Río Piedras, Department of Biology, Molecular Sciences and Research Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Hannah R. Volkman
- grid.470962.eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centers for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Steven M. Van Belleghem
- grid.280412.dUniversity of Puerto Rico—Río Piedras, Department of Biology, Molecular Sciences and Research Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Vanessa Rivera-Amill
- grid.262009.f0000 0004 0455 6268Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce Research Institute, Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Laura E. Adams
- grid.470962.eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centers for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Melissa Marzán
- grid.280499.ePuerto Rico Department of Health, Epidemiology Office, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Lorena Hernández
- grid.280499.ePuerto Rico Department of Health, Epidemiology Office, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Iris Cardona
- grid.280499.ePuerto Rico Department of Health, Epidemiology Office, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Eduardo O’Neill
- grid.416738.f0000 0001 2163 0069Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office of Island Affairs, Center for State, Tribal, Local, and Territorial Support, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Gabriela Paz-Bailey
- grid.470962.eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centers for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Riccardo Papa
- grid.280412.dUniversity of Puerto Rico—Río Piedras, Department of Biology, Molecular Sciences and Research Center, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Jorge L. Muñoz-Jordan
- grid.470962.eCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, National Centers for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Division of Vector Borne Diseases, Dengue Branch, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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12
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Van Belleghem SM, Cole JM, Montejo-Kovacevich G, Bacquet CN, McMillan WO, Papa R, Counterman BA. Selection and isolation define a heterogeneous divergence landscape between hybridizing Heliconius butterflies. Evolution 2021; 75:2251-2268. [PMID: 34019308 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hybridizing species provide a powerful system to identify the processes that shape genomic variation and maintain species boundaries. However, complex histories of isolation, gene flow, and selection often generate heterogeneous genomic landscapes of divergence that complicate reconstruction of the speciation history. Here, we explore patterns of divergence to reconstruct recent speciation in the erato clade of Heliconius butterflies. We focus on the genomic landscape of divergence across three contact zones of the species H. erato and H. himera. We show that these hybridizing species have an intermediate level of divergence in the erato clade, which fits with their incomplete levels of reproductive isolation. Using demographic modeling and the relationship between admixture and divergence with recombination rate variation, we reconstruct histories of gene flow, selection, and demographic change that explain the observed patterns of genomic divergence. We find that periods of isolation and selection within populations, followed by secondary contact with asymmetrical gene flow are key factors in shaping the heterogeneous genomic landscapes. Collectively, these results highlight the effectiveness of demographic modeling and recombination rate estimates to disentangling the distinct contributions of gene flow and selection to patterns of genomic divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jared M Cole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.,Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR
| | - Brian A Counterman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Alabama, USA
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13
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Van Belleghem SM, Lewis JJ, Rivera ES, Papa R. Heliconius butterflies: a window into the evolution and development of diversity. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 69:72-81. [PMID: 33714874 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Butterflies have become prominent models for studying the evolution and development of phenotypic variation. In Heliconius, extraordinary within species divergence and between species convergence in wing color patterns has driven decades of comparative genetic studies. However, connecting genetic patterns of diversification to the molecular mechanisms of adaptation has remained elusive. Recent studies are bridging this gap between genome and function and have driven substantial advances in deciphering the genetic architecture of diversification in Heliconius. While only a handful of large-effect genes were initially identified in the diversification of Heliconius color patterns, recent experiments have begun to unravel the underlying gene regulatory networks and how these have evolved. These results reveal an evolutionary story of many interacting loci and partly independent genetic architectures that underlie convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James J Lewis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Edgardo S Rivera
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Chairs of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Bayern, Germany
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
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14
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Morris J, Hanly JJ, Martin SH, Van Belleghem SM, Salazar C, Jiggins CD, Dasmahapatra KK. Deep Convergence, Shared Ancestry, and Evolutionary Novelty in the Genetic Architecture of Heliconius Mimicry. Genetics 2020; 216:765-780. [PMID: 32883703 PMCID: PMC7648585 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Convergent evolution can occur through different genetic mechanisms in different species. It is now clear that convergence at the genetic level is also widespread, and can be caused by either (i) parallel genetic evolution, where independently evolved convergent mutations arise in different populations or species, or (ii) collateral evolution in which shared ancestry results from either ancestral polymorphism or introgression among taxa. The adaptive radiation of Heliconius butterflies shows color pattern variation within species, as well as mimetic convergence between species. Using comparisons from across multiple hybrid zones, we use signals of shared ancestry to identify and refine multiple putative regulatory elements in Heliconius melpomene and its comimics, Heliconius elevatus and Heliconius besckei, around three known major color patterning genes: optix, WntA, and cortex While we find that convergence between H. melpomene and H. elevatus is caused by a complex history of collateral evolution via introgression in the Amazon, convergence between these species in the Guianas appears to have evolved independently. Thus, we find adaptive convergent genetic evolution to be a key driver of regulatory changes that lead to rapid phenotypic changes. Furthermore, we uncover evidence of parallel genetic evolution at some loci around optix and WntA in H. melpomene and its distant comimic Heliconius erato Ultimately, we show that all three of convergence, conservation, and novelty underlie the modular architecture of Heliconius color pattern mimicry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Morris
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph J Hanly
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon H Martin
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom
| | - Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
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15
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16
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Rodriguez-Caro L, Fenner J, Benson C, Van Belleghem SM, Counterman BA. Genome Assembly of the Dogface Butterfly Zerene cesonia. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:3580-3585. [PMID: 31755926 PMCID: PMC6944212 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Comparisons of high-quality, reference butterfly, and moth genomes have been instrumental to advancing our understanding of how hybridization, and natural selection drive genomic change during the origin of new species and novel traits. Here, we present a genome assembly of the Southern Dogface butterfly, Zerene cesonia (Pieridae) whose brilliant wing colorations have been implicated in developmental plasticity, hybridization, sexual selection, and speciation. We assembled 266,407,278 bp of the Z. cesonia genome, which accounts for 98.3% of the estimated 271 Mb genome size. Using a hybrid approach involving Chicago libraries with Hi-Rise assembly and a diploid Meraculous assembly, the final haploid genome was assembled. In the final assembly, nearly all autosomes and the Z chromosome were assembled into single scaffolds. The largest 29 scaffolds accounted for 91.4% of the genome assembly, with the remaining ∼8% distributed among another 247 scaffolds and overall N50 of 9.2 Mb. Tissue-specific RNA-seq informed annotations identified 16,442 protein-coding genes, which included 93.2% of the arthropod Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO). The Z. cesonia genome assembly had ∼9% identified as repetitive elements, with a transposable element landscape rich in helitrons. Similar to other Lepidoptera genomes, Z. cesonia showed a high conservation of chromosomal synteny. The Z. cesonia assembly provides a high-quality reference for studies of chromosomal arrangements in the Pierid family, as well as for population, phylo, and functional genomic studies of adaptation and speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodriguez-Caro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Jennifer Fenner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University
| | - Caleb Benson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University
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17
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Lewis JJ, Van Belleghem SM, Papa R, Danko CG, Reed RD. Many functionally connected loci foster adaptive diversification along a neotropical hybrid zone. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/39/eabb8617. [PMID: 32978147 PMCID: PMC7518860 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the genetic complexity of adaptation and trait evolution is a major emphasis of evolutionary biology and genetics. Incongruent findings from genetic studies have resulted in conceptual models ranging from a few large-effect loci to massively polygenic architectures. Here, we combine chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, Hi-C, RNA sequencing, and 40 whole-genome sequences from Heliconius butterflies to show that red color pattern diversification occurred via many genomic loci. We find that the red wing pattern master regulatory transcription factor Optix binds dozens of loci also under selection, which frequently form three-dimensional adaptive hubs with selection acting on multiple physically interacting genes. Many Optix-bound genes under selection are tied to pigmentation and wing development, and these loci collectively maintain separation between adaptive red color pattern phenotypes in natural populations. We propose a model of trait evolution where functional connections between loci may resolve much of the disparity between large-effect and polygenic evolutionary models.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lewis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Charles G Danko
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert D Reed
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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18
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Van Belleghem SM, Alicea Roman PA, Gutierrez HC, Counterman BA, Papa R. Correction to ‘Perfect mimicry between
Heliconius
butterflies is constrained by genetics and development’. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201781. [DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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19
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Lewis JJ, Van Belleghem SM. Mechanisms of Change: A Population-Based Perspective on the Roles of Modularity and Pleiotropy in Diversification. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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20
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Jamie GA, Van Belleghem SM, Hogan BG, Hamama S, Moya C, Troscianko J, Stoddard MC, Kilner RM, Spottiswoode CN. Multimodal mimicry of hosts in a radiation of parasitic finches. Evolution 2020; 74:2526-2538. [PMID: 32696463 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Brood parasites use the parental care of others to raise their young and sometimes employ mimicry to dupe their hosts. The brood-parasitic finches of the genus Vidua are a textbook example of the role of imprinting in sympatric speciation. Sympatric speciation is thought to occur in Vidua because their mating traits and host preferences are strongly influenced by their early host environment. However, this alone may not be sufficient to isolate parasite lineages, and divergent ecological adaptations may also be required to prevent hybridization collapsing incipient species. Using pattern recognition software and classification models, we provide quantitative evidence that Vidua exhibit specialist mimicry of their grassfinch hosts, matching the patterns, colors and sounds of their respective host's nestlings. We also provide qualitative evidence of mimicry in postural components of Vidua begging. Quantitative comparisons reveal small discrepancies between parasite and host phenotypes, with parasites sometimes exaggerating their host's traits. Our results support the hypothesis that behavioral imprinting on hosts has not only enabled the origin of new Vidua species, but also set the stage for the evolution of host-specific, ecological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Jamie
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Benedict G Hogan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | | | | | - Jolyon Troscianko
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Caswell Stoddard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Rebecca M Kilner
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire N Spottiswoode
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,DST-NRF Centre of Excellence at the FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Van Belleghem SM, Alicea Roman PA, Carbia Gutierrez H, Counterman BA, Papa R. Perfect mimicry between Heliconius butterflies is constrained by genetics and development. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201267. [PMID: 32693728 PMCID: PMC7423669 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Müllerian mimicry strongly exemplifies the power of natural selection. However, the exact measure of such adaptive phenotypic convergence and the possible causes of its imperfection often remain unidentified. Here, we first quantify wing colour pattern differences in the forewing region of 14 co-mimetic colour pattern morphs of the butterfly species Heliconius erato and Heliconius melpomene and measure the extent to which mimicking colour pattern morphs are not perfectly identical. Next, using gene-editing CRISPR/Cas9 KO experiments of the gene WntA, which has been mapped to colour pattern diversity in these butterflies, we explore the exact areas of the wings in which WntA affects colour pattern formation differently in H. erato and H. melpomene. We find that, while the relative size of the forewing pattern is generally nearly identical between co-mimics, the CRISPR/Cas9 KO results highlight divergent boundaries in the wing that prevent the co-mimics from achieving perfect mimicry. We suggest that this mismatch may be explained by divergence in the gene regulatory network that defines wing colour patterning in both species, thus constraining morphological evolution even between closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola A Alicea Roman
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.,Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Humacao, Puerto Rico
| | - Heriberto Carbia Gutierrez
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.,Department of Mathematics, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Brian A Counterman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Panama, Republic of Panama.,Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico
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22
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van Schooten B, Meléndez-Rosa J, Van Belleghem SM, Jiggins CD, Tan JD, McMillan WO, Papa R. Divergence of chemosensing during the early stages of speciation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16438-16447. [PMID: 32601213 PMCID: PMC7371972 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921318117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory communication is essential to insect biology, playing indispensable roles during mate-finding, foraging, and oviposition behaviors. These traits are particularly important during speciation, where chemical perception may serve to establish species barriers. However, identifying genes associated with such complex behavioral traits remains a significant challenge. Through a combination of transcriptomic and genomic approaches, we characterize the genetic architecture of chemoperception and the role of chemosensing during speciation for a young species pair of Heliconius butterflies, Heliconius melpomene and Heliconius cydno We provide a detailed description of chemosensory gene-expression profiles as they relate to sensory tissue (antennae, legs, and mouthparts), sex (male and female), and life stage (unmated and mated female butterflies). Our results untangle the potential role of chemical communication in establishing barriers during speciation and identify strong candidate genes for mate and host plant choice behaviors. Of the 252 chemosensory genes, HmOBP20 (involved in volatile detection) and HmGr56 (a putative synephrine-related receptor) emerge as strong candidates for divergence in pheromone detection and host plant discrimination, respectively. These two genes are not physically linked to wing-color pattern loci or other genomic regions associated with visual mate preference. Altogether, our results provide evidence for chemosensory divergence between H. melpomene and H. cydno, two rarely hybridizing butterflies with distinct mate and host plant preferences, a finding that supports a polygenic architecture of species boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Schooten
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925;
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa Ancón, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Jesyka Meléndez-Rosa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925;
| | - Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, CB2 8PQ Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa Ancón, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00925;
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution, Balboa Ancón, 0843-03092 Panama, Republic of Panama
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00907
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23
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Rivera-Colón AG, Westerman EL, Van Belleghem SM, Monteiro A, Papa R. Multiple Loci Control Eyespot Number Variation on the Hindwings of Bicyclus anynana Butterflies. Genetics 2020; 214:1059-1078. [PMID: 32019848 PMCID: PMC7153931 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying genetic changes that regulate the appearance and disappearance of repeated traits, or serial homologs, remain poorly understood. One hypothesis is that variation in genomic regions flanking master regulatory genes, also known as input-output genes, controls variation in trait number, making the locus of evolution almost predictable. Another hypothesis implicates genetic variation in up- or downstream loci of master control genes. Here, we use the butterfly Bicyclus anynana, a species that exhibits natural variation in eyespot number on the dorsal hindwing, to test these two hypotheses. We first estimated the heritability of dorsal hindwing eyespot number by breeding multiple butterfly families differing in eyespot number and regressing eyespot numbers of offspring on midparent values. We then estimated the number and identity of independent genetic loci contributing to eyespot number variation by performing a genome-wide association study with restriction site-associated DNA sequencing from multiple individuals varying in number of eyespots sampled across a freely breeding laboratory population. We found that dorsal hindwing eyespot number has a moderately high heritability of ∼0.50 and is characterized by a polygenic architecture. Previously identified genomic regions involved in eyespot development, and novel ones, display high association with dorsal hindwing eyespot number, suggesting that homolog number variation is likely determined by regulatory changes at multiple loci that build the trait, and not by variation at single master regulators or input-output genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel G Rivera-Colón
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, 00925, Puerto Rico
| | - Erica L Westerman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701
| | - Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, 00925, Puerto Rico
| | - Antónia Monteiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
- Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138609
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, 00925, Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, 00926, Puerto Rico
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24
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Moest M, Van Belleghem SM, James JE, Salazar C, Martin SH, Barker SL, Moreira GRP, Mérot C, Joron M, Nadeau NJ, Steiner FM, Jiggins CD. Selective sweeps on novel and introgressed variation shape mimicry loci in a butterfly adaptive radiation. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000597. [PMID: 32027643 PMCID: PMC7029882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural selection leaves distinct signatures in the genome that can reveal the targets and history of adaptive evolution. By analysing high-coverage genome sequence data from 4 major colour pattern loci sampled from nearly 600 individuals in 53 populations, we show pervasive selection on wing patterns in the Heliconius adaptive radiation. The strongest signatures correspond to loci with the greatest phenotypic effects, consistent with visual selection by predators, and are found in colour patterns with geographically restricted distributions. These recent sweeps are similar between co-mimics and indicate colour pattern turn-over events despite strong stabilising selection. Using simulations, we compare sweep signatures expected under classic hard sweeps with those resulting from adaptive introgression, an important aspect of mimicry evolution in Heliconius butterflies. Simulated recipient populations show a distinct 'volcano' pattern with peaks of increased genetic diversity around the selected target, characteristic of sweeps of introgressed variation and consistent with diversity patterns found in some populations. Our genomic data reveal a surprisingly dynamic history of colour pattern selection and co-evolution in this adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Moest
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Steven M. Van Belleghem
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Jennifer E. James
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota D.C., Colombia
| | - Simon H. Martin
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L. Barker
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gilson R. P. Moreira
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Claire Mérot
- IBIS, Department of Biology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Joron
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS—Université de Montpellier—Université Paul Valéry Montpellier—EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicola J. Nadeau
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Chris D. Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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25
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Edelman NB, Frandsen PB, Miyagi M, Clavijo B, Davey J, Dikow RB, García-Accinelli G, Van Belleghem SM, Patterson N, Neafsey DE, Challis R, Kumar S, Moreira GRP, Salazar C, Chouteau M, Counterman BA, Papa R, Blaxter M, Reed RD, Dasmahapatra KK, Kronforst M, Joron M, Jiggins CD, McMillan WO, Di Palma F, Blumberg AJ, Wakeley J, Jaffe D, Mallet J. Genomic architecture and introgression shape a butterfly radiation. Science 2019; 366:594-599. [PMID: 31672890 PMCID: PMC7197882 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We used 20 de novo genome assemblies to probe the speciation history and architecture of gene flow in rapidly radiating Heliconius butterflies. Our tests to distinguish incomplete lineage sorting from introgression indicate that gene flow has obscured several ancient phylogenetic relationships in this group over large swathes of the genome. Introgressed loci are underrepresented in low-recombination and gene-rich regions, consistent with the purging of foreign alleles more tightly linked to incompatibility loci. Here, we identify a hitherto unknown inversion that traps a color pattern switch locus. We infer that this inversion was transferred between lineages by introgression and is convergent with a similar rearrangement in another part of the genus. These multiple de novo genome sequences enable improved understanding of the importance of introgression and selective processes in adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel B Edelman
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Paul B Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Data Science Lab, Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - Miriam Miyagi
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - John Davey
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Rebecca B Dikow
- Data Science Lab, Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | | | - Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
| | - Nick Patterson
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142 USA
| | - Daniel E Neafsey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142 USA
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard Challis
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sujai Kumar
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
| | - Gilson R P Moreira
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970 Brasil
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24, No. 63C-69, Bogotá D.C. 111221, Colombia
| | - Mathieu Chouteau
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Evolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA), USR 3456, Université De Guyane, CNRS Guyane, 275 Route de Montabo, 97334 Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Brian A Counterman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00931-3360, Puerto Rico
| | - Mark Blaxter
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Robert D Reed
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kanchon K Dasmahapatra
- Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Marcus Kronforst
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mathieu Joron
- CEFE, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, EPHE, IRD, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092 Panamá, Panama
| | | | - Andrew J Blumberg
- Department of Mathematics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - John Wakeley
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David Jaffe
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142 USA
- 10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA
| | - James Mallet
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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26
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Zhang W, Leon-Ricardo BX, van Schooten B, Van Belleghem SM, Counterman BA, McMillan WO, Kronforst MR, Papa R. Comparative Transcriptomics Provides Insights into Reticulate and Adaptive Evolution of a Butterfly Radiation. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:2963-2975. [PMID: 31518398 PMCID: PMC6821300 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Butterfly eyes are complex organs that are composed of a diversity of proteins and they play a central role in visual signaling and ultimately, speciation, and adaptation. Here, we utilized the whole eye transcriptome to obtain a more holistic view of the evolution of the butterfly eye while accounting for speciation events that co-occur with ancient hybridization. We sequenced and assembled transcriptomes from adult female eyes of eight species representing all major clades of the Heliconius genus and an additional outgroup species, Dryas iulia. We identified 4,042 orthologous genes shared across all transcriptome data sets and constructed a transcriptome-wide phylogeny, which revealed topological discordance with the mitochondrial phylogenetic tree in the Heliconius pupal mating clade. We then estimated introgression among lineages using additional genome data and found evidence for ancient hybridization leading to the common ancestor of Heliconius hortense and Heliconius clysonymus. We estimated the Ka/Ks ratio for each orthologous cluster and performed further tests to demonstrate genes showing evidence of adaptive protein evolution. Furthermore, we characterized patterns of expression for a subset of these positively selected orthologs using qRT-PCR. Taken together, we identified candidate eye genes that show signatures of adaptive molecular evolution and provide evidence of their expression divergence between species, tissues, and sexes. Our results demonstrate: 1) greater evolutionary changes in younger Heliconius lineages, that is, more positively selected genes in the cydno-melpomene-hecale group as opposed to the sara-hortense-erato group, and 2) suggest an ancient hybridization leading to speciation among Heliconius pupal-mating species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago
| | | | - Bas van Schooten
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico
| | | | | | | | | | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico
- Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico
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27
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Pedraza-Marrón CDR, Silva R, Deeds J, Van Belleghem SM, Mastretta-Yanes A, Domínguez-Domínguez O, Rivero-Vega RA, Lutackas L, Murie D, Parkyn D, Bullock LH, Foss K, Ortiz-Zuazaga H, Narváez-Barandica J, Acero A, Gomes G, Betancur-R R. Genomics overrules mitochondrial DNA, siding with morphology on a controversial case of species delimitation. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182924. [PMID: 30940064 PMCID: PMC6501682 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Species delimitation is a major quest in biology and is essential for adequate management of the organismal diversity. A challenging example comprises the fish species of red snappers in the Western Atlantic. Red snappers have been traditionally recognized as two separate species based on morphology: Lutjanus campechanus (northern red snapper) and L. purpureus (southern red snapper). Recent genetic studies using mitochondrial markers, however, failed to delineate these nominal species, leading to the current lumping of the northern and southern populations into a single species ( L. campechanus). This decision carries broad implications for conservation and management as red snappers have been commercially over-exploited across the Western Atlantic and are currently listed as vulnerable. To address this conflict, we examine genome-wide data collected throughout the range of the two species. Population genomics, phylogenetic and coalescent analyses favour the existence of two independent evolutionary lineages, a result that confirms the morphology-based delimitation scenario in agreement with conventional taxonomy. Despite finding evidence of introgression in geographically neighbouring populations in northern South America, our genomic analyses strongly support isolation and differentiation of these species, suggesting that the northern and southern red snappers should be treated as distinct taxonomic entities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raimundo Silva
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Campus Bragança, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, S/N, Aldeia, 68600-000 Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Deeds
- USFDA Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Steven M. Van Belleghem
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PO Box 23360, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
| | - Alicia Mastretta-Yanes
- CONACYT Research Fellow – Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, México, Liga Periférico – Insurgentes Sur, No. 4903, 14010, México, DF, México
| | - Omar Domínguez-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, 58000, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Rafael A. Rivero-Vega
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PO Box 23360, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
| | - Loretta Lutackas
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PO Box 23360, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
- North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission, Raleigh, NC 27699-1700, USA
| | - Debra Murie
- University of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Program of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA
| | - Daryl Parkyn
- University of Florida, School of Forest Resources and Conservation, Program of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Gainesville, FL 32653, USA
| | - Lewis H. Bullock
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, 100 8th Ave SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
| | - Kristin Foss
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Farris Bryant Building, 620 S. Meridian St., Tallahassee, FL 32399-1600, USA
| | - Humberto Ortiz-Zuazaga
- Computer Science Department, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PO Box 23360, San Juan, PR 00931, USA
| | | | - Arturo Acero
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Caribe Cecimar, El Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Grazielle Gomes
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Laboratório de Genética Aplicada, Campus Bragança, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, S/N, Aldeia, 68600-000 Bragança, Pará, Brazil
- Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Bragança, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, S/N, Aldeia, 68600-000 Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Betancur-R
- Department of Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Room 314, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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28
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Van Belleghem SM, Vangestel C, De Wolf K, De Corte Z, Möst M, Rastas P, De Meester L, Hendrickx F. Evolution at two time frames: Polymorphisms from an ancient singular divergence event fuel contemporary parallel evolution. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007796. [PMID: 30422983 PMCID: PMC6258555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
When environments change, populations may adapt surprisingly fast, repeatedly and even at microgeographic scales. There is increasing evidence that such cases of rapid parallel evolution are fueled by standing genetic variation, but the source of this genetic variation remains poorly understood. In the saltmarsh beetle Pogonus chalceus, short-winged 'tidal' and long-winged 'seasonal' ecotypes have diverged in response to contrasting hydrological regimes and can be repeatedly found along the Atlantic European coast. By analyzing genomic variation across the beetles' distribution, we reveal that alleles selected in the tidal ecotype are spread across the genome and evolved during a singular and, likely, geographically isolated divergence event, within the last 190 Kya. Due to subsequent admixture, the ancient and differentially selected alleles are currently polymorphic in most populations across its range, which could potentially allow for the fast evolution of one ecotype from a small number of random individuals, as low as 5 to 15, from a population of the other ecotype. Our results suggest that cases of fast parallel ecological divergence can be the result of evolution at two different time frames: divergence in the past, followed by repeated selection on the same divergently evolved alleles after admixture. These findings highlight the importance of an ancient and, likely, allopatric divergence event for driving the rate and direction of contemporary fast evolution under gene flow. This mechanism is potentially driven by periods of geographic isolation imposed by large-scale environmental changes such as glacial cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Van Belleghem
- Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Vangestel
- Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien De Wolf
- Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zoë De Corte
- Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markus Möst
- Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pasi Rastas
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik Hendrickx
- Directorate Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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29
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Van Belleghem SM, Baquero M, Papa R, Salazar C, McMillan WO, Counterman BA, Jiggins CD, Martin SH. Patterns of Z chromosome divergence among Heliconius species highlight the importance of historical demography. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3852-3872. [PMID: 29569384 PMCID: PMC6151167 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sex chromosomes are disproportionately involved in reproductive isolation and adaptation. In support of such a “large‐X” effect, genome scans between recently diverged populations and species pairs often identify distinct patterns of divergence on the sex chromosome compared to autosomes. When measures of divergence between populations are higher on the sex chromosome compared to autosomes, such patterns could be interpreted as evidence for faster divergence on the sex chromosome, that is “faster‐X”, barriers to gene flow on the sex chromosome. However, demographic changes can strongly skew divergence estimates and are not always taken into consideration. We used 224 whole‐genome sequences representing 36 populations from two Heliconius butterfly clades (H. erato and H. melpomene) to explore patterns of Z chromosome divergence. We show that increased divergence compared to equilibrium expectations can in many cases be explained by demographic change. Among Heliconius erato populations, for instance, population size increase in the ancestral population can explain increased absolute divergence measures on the Z chromosome compared to the autosomes, as a result of increased ancestral Z chromosome genetic diversity. Nonetheless, we do identify increased divergence on the Z chromosome relative to the autosomes in parapatric or sympatric species comparisons that imply postzygotic reproductive barriers. Using simulations, we show that this is consistent with reduced gene flow on the Z chromosome, perhaps due to greater accumulation of incompatibilities. Our work demonstrates the importance of taking demography into account to interpret patterns of divergence on the Z chromosome, but nonetheless provides evidence to support the Z chromosome as a strong barrier to gene flow in incipient Heliconius butterfly species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.,Department of Biology, Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Panamá, Panama
| | - Margarita Baquero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico
| | - Camilo Salazar
- Biology Program, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera, Bogota, Colombia
| | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado, Panamá, Panama
| | - Brian A Counterman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon H Martin
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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30
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Van Belleghem SM, Hendrickx F. Response to Akcali et al.: What keeps them from mingling. Evolution 2017; 71:2762-2764. [PMID: 28975607 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The salt marsh beetle Pogonus chalceus has diverged into short- and long-winged populations, which can be found in hundreds of interlaced habitat patches that sharply differ in their hydrological regime. In a recent study, we investigated how a behavioral adaptation to these contrasting hydrological regimes might drive the neat spatial sorting of the ecotypes and facilitate divergence. Simulated inundation experiments revealed that the ecotypes differ in dispersal response toward the hydrological regime and that this is a plastic behavior imprinted during the nondispersive immature stages. In their comment, Akcali and Porter (2017) question if the observed plastic response would effectively reduce gene-flow in this system. Based on the natural history of this species we demonstrate why this is plausible and we propose future avenues that may further strengthen this conclusion. In addition, Akcali and Porter (2017) illustrate some current inconsistencies in the use of terminology of the different habitat choice mechanisms. We agree that proper classification of the existing theories is indispensable in advancing the field of habitat choice mechanisms and their effect on gene flow, but the unique attributes of any given biological system may thwart this exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom.,Entomology Department, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.,Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.,Current Address: Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Hendrickx
- Entomology Department, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.,Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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31
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Van Belleghem SM, Papa R, Ortiz-Zuazaga H, Hendrickx F, Jiggins CD, McMillan WO, Counterman BA. patternize: An R package for quantifying colour pattern variation. Methods Ecol Evol 2017; 9:390-398. [PMID: 29755717 DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of image data to quantify, study and compare variation in the colors and patterns of organisms requires the alignment of images to establish homology, followed by color-based segmentation of images. Here we describe an R package for image alignment and segmentation that has applications to quantify color patterns in a wide range of organisms. patternize is an R package that quantifies variation in color patterns obtained from image data. patternize first defines homology between pattern positions across specimens either through manually placed homologous landmarks or automated image registration. Pattern identification is performed by categorizing the distribution of colors using an RGB threshold, k-means clustering or watershed transformation.We demonstrate that patternize can be used for quantification of the color patterns in a variety of organisms by analyzing image data for butterflies, guppies, spiders and salamanders. Image data can be compared between sets of specimens, visualized as heatmaps and analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). patternize has potential applications for fine scale quantification of color pattern phenotypes in population comparisons, genetic association studies and investigating the basis of color pattern variation across a wide range of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Van Belleghem
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology, Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Puerto Rico.,Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, 295 Lee Boulevard, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Riccardo Papa
- Department of Biology, Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Puerto Rico.,Molecular Sciences and Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, 00926, Puerto Rico
| | - Humberto Ortiz-Zuazaga
- Department of Computer Science, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, Puerto Rico
| | - Frederik Hendrickx
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium.,Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Chris D Jiggins
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - W Owen McMillan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Panamá, Panama
| | - Brian A Counterman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, 295 Lee Boulevard, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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32
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Van Belleghem SM, De Wolf K, Hendrickx F. Behavioral adaptations imply a direct link between ecological specialization and reproductive isolation in a sympatrically diverging ground beetle. Evolution 2016; 70:1904-12. [PMID: 27405686 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to a previously unoccupied niche within a single population is one of the most contentious topics in evolutionary biology as it assumes the simultaneous evolution of ecologically selected and preference traits. Here, we demonstrate behavioral adaptation to contrasting hydrological regimes in a sympatric mosaic of Pogonus chalceus beetle populations, and argue that this adaptation may result in nonrandom gene flow. When exposed to experimental inundations, individuals from tidal marshes, which are naturally subjected to frequent but short floods, showed a higher propensity to remain submerged compared to individuals from seasonal marshes that are inundated for several months. This adaptive behavior is expected to decrease the probability that individuals will settle in the alternative habitat, resulting in spatial sorting and reproductive isolation of both ecotypes. Additionally, we show that this difference in behavior is induced by the environmental conditions experienced by the beetles during their nondispersive larval stages. Hence, accidental or forced ovipositioning in the alternative habitat may induce both an increased performance and preference to the natal habitat type. Such plastic traits could play an important role in the most incipient stages of divergence with gene flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Van Belleghem
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. .,Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Entomology Department, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. .,Department of Biology, Center for Applied Tropical Ecology and Conservation, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico.
| | - Katrien De Wolf
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.,Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Entomology Department, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederik Hendrickx
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.,Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Entomology Department, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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Hendrickx F, Backeljau T, Dekoninck W, Van Belleghem SM, Vandomme V, Vangestel C. Persistent inter- and intraspecific gene exchange within a parallel radiation of caterpillar hunter beetles (Calosomasp.) from the Galápagos. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:3107-21. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Hendrickx
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Vautierstraat 29 Brussels 1000 Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC); Biology Department; Ghent University; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 Gent 9000 Belgium
| | - Thierry Backeljau
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Vautierstraat 29 Brussels 1000 Belgium
- Evolutionary Ecology Group; Department of Biology; University of Antwerp; Groenenborgerlaan 171 Antwerp 2020 Belgium
| | - Wouter Dekoninck
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Vautierstraat 29 Brussels 1000 Belgium
| | - Steven M. Van Belleghem
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Vautierstraat 29 Brussels 1000 Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC); Biology Department; Ghent University; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 Gent 9000 Belgium
| | - Viki Vandomme
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC); Biology Department; Ghent University; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 Gent 9000 Belgium
| | - Carl Vangestel
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences; Vautierstraat 29 Brussels 1000 Belgium
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC); Biology Department; Ghent University; K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 Gent 9000 Belgium
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Van Belleghem SM, Roelofs D, Hendrickx F. Evolutionary history of a dispersal-associated locus across sympatric and allopatric divergent populations of a wing-polymorphic beetle across Atlantic Europe. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:890-908. [PMID: 25470210 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Studying the evolutionary history of trait divergence, in particular those related to dispersal capacity, is of major interest for the process of local adaptation and metapopulation dynamics. Here, we reconstruct the evolution of different alleles at the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (mtIdh) locus of the ground beetle Pogonus chalceus that are differentially and repeatedly selected in short- and long-winged populations in response to different hydrological regimes at both allopatric and sympatric scales along the Atlantic European coasts. We sequenced 2788 bp of the mtIdh locus spanning a ~7-kb genome region and compared its variation with that of two supposedly neutral genes. mtIdh sequences show (i) monophyletic clustering of the short-winged associated mtIDH-DE haplotypes within the long-winged associated mtIDH-AB haplotypes, (ii) a more than tenfold lower haplotype diversity associated with the mtIDH-DE alleles compared to the mtIDH-AB alleles and (iii) a high number of fixed nucleotide differences between both mtIDH haplotype clusters. Coalescent simulations suggest that this observed sequence variation in the mtIdh locus is most consistent with a singular origin in a partially isolated subpopulation, followed by a relatively recent spread of the mtIDH-DE allele in short-winged populations along the Atlantic coast. These results demonstrate that even traits associated with decreased dispersal capacity can rapidly spread and that reuse of adaptive alleles plays an important role in the adaptive potential within this sympatric mosaic of P. chalceus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Van Belleghem
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Biology Department, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Gent, Belgium; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000, Brussel, Belgium
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Van Belleghem SM, Hendrickx F. A tight association in two genetically unlinked dispersal related traits in sympatric and allopatric salt marsh beetle populations. Genetica 2013; 142:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-013-9749-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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