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Tran HT, Wan MLY, Ambite I, Cavalera M, Grossi M, Háček J, Esmaeili P, Carneiro ANBM, Chaudhuri A, Ahmadi S, Svanborg C. BAMLET administration via drinking water inhibits intestinal tumor development and promotes long-term health. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3838. [PMID: 38360830 PMCID: PMC10869698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54040-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Though new targeted therapies for colorectal cancer, which progresses from local intestinal tumors to metastatic disease, are being developed, tumor specificity remains an important problem, and side effects a major concern. Here, we show that the protein-fatty acid complex BAMLET (bovine alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) can act as a peroral treatment for colorectal cancer. ApcMin/+ mice, which carry mutations relevant to hereditary and sporadic human colorectal cancer, that received BAMLET in the drinking water showed long-term protection against tumor development and decreased expression of tumor growth-, migration-, metastasis- and angiogenesis-related genes. BAMLET treatment via drinking water inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin and PD-1 signaling pathways and prolonged survival without evidence of toxicity. Systemic disease in the lungs, livers, spleens, and kidneys, which accompanied tumor progression, was inhibited by BAMLET treatment. The metabolic response to BAMLET included carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, which were inhibited in tumor prone ApcMin/+ mice and weakly regulated in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting potential health benefits of peroral BAMLET administration in addition to the potent antitumor effects. Together, these findings suggest that BAMLET administration in the drinking water maintains antitumor pressure by removing emergent cancer cells and reprogramming gene expression in intestinal and extra-intestinal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien Thi Tran
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Murphy Lam Yim Wan
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ines Ambite
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michele Cavalera
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mario Grossi
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jaromir Háček
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Motol University Hospital, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Praha, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Parisa Esmaeili
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - António N B M Carneiro
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arunima Chaudhuri
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shahram Ahmadi
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Catharina Svanborg
- Division of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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Chetta KE, Forconi M, Newton DA, Wagner CL, Baatz JE. HAMLET in human milk is resistant to digestion and carries essential free long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and oleic acid. Food Chem 2023; 427:136752. [PMID: 37392621 PMCID: PMC10527475 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
The oleic acid/alpha-lactalbumin complex HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumors) is cytotoxic to various cancerous cell lines and is assembled from alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) and free oleic acid (OA). HAMLET is also cytotoxic to normal immature intestinal cells. It remains unclear if HAMLET, experimentally assembled with OA and heat, can spontaneously assemble in frozen human milk over time. To approach this issue, we used a set of timed proteolytic experiments to evaluate the digestibility of HAMLET and native ALA. The purity of HAMLET in human milk was confirmed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry and western blot to resolve the ALA and OA components. Timed proteolytic experiments were used to identify HAMLET in whole milk samples. Structural characterization of HAMLET was performed by Fournier transformed infrared spectroscopy and indicated a transformation of secondary structure with increased alpha-helical character of ALA upon binding to OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Chetta
- Department of Pediatrics, C.P. Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, MSC 915, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
| | - Marcello Forconi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Danforth A Newton
- Department of Pediatrics, C.P. Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, MSC 915, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Carol L Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, C.P. Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, MSC 915, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - John E Baatz
- Department of Pediatrics, C.P. Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, MSC 915, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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3
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Elizarova AY, Sokolov AV, Vasilyev VB. Ceruloplasmin Reduces the Lactoferrin/Oleic Acid Antitumor Complex-Mediated Release of Heme-Containing Proteins from Blood Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16711. [PMID: 38069040 PMCID: PMC10706732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study showed that not only bovine lactoferrin (LF), the protein of milk and neutrophils, but also the human species forms complexes with oleic acid (OA) that inhibit tumor growth. Repeated injections of human LF in complex with OA (LF/8OA) to hepatoma-carrying mice decelerated tumor growth and increased animals' longevity. However, whether the effect of the LF/8OA complex is directed exclusively against malignant cells was not studied. Hence, its effect on normal blood cells was assayed, along with its possible modulation of ceruloplasmin (CP), the preferred partner of LF among plasma proteins. The complex LF/8OA (6 μM) caused hemolysis, unlike LF alone or BSA/8OA (250 μM). The activation of neutrophils with exocytosis of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a potent oxidant, was induced by 1 μM LF/8OA, whereas BSA/8OA had a similar effect at a concentration increased by an order. The egress of heme-containing proteins, i.e., MPO and hemoglobin, from blood cells affected by LF/8OA was followed by a pronounced oxidative/halogenating stress. CP, which is the natural inhibitor of MPO, added at a concentration of 2 mol per 1 mol of LF/8OA abrogated its cytotoxic effect. It seems likely that CP can be used effectively in regulating the LF/8OA complex's antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexey V. Sokolov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.Y.E.); (V.B.V.)
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Ghanta KP, Bandyopadhyay S. Counteraction Effects of Ammonium-Based Ionic Liquids on Urea-Induced Denaturation of α-Lactalbumin: A Comprehensive Molecular Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:7251-7265. [PMID: 37574910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are known to stabilize protein conformations in aqueous medium. Importantly, ILs can also act as refolding additives in urea-driven denaturation of proteins. However, despite the importance of the problem, detailed microscopic understanding of the counteraction effects of ILs on urea-induced protein denaturation remains elusive. In this work, atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the protein α-lactalbumin have been carried out in pure aqueous medium, in 8 M binary urea-water solution and in ternary urea-IL-water solutions containing ammonium-based ethyl ammonium acetate (EAA) as the IL at different concentrations (1-4 M). Attempts have been made to quantify detailed molecular-level understanding of the origin behind the counteraction effects of the IL on urea-induced partial unfolding of the protein. The calculations revealed significant conformational changes of the protein with multiple free energy minima due to its partial unfolding in binary urea-water solution. The counteraction effect of the IL was evident from the enhanced structural rigidity of the protein with propensity to transform into a single native free energy minimum state in ternary urea-IL-water solutions. Such an effect has been found to be associated with preferential direct binding of the IL components with the protein and simultaneous expulsion of urea from the interface, thereby providing additional stabilization of the protein in ternary solutions. Most importantly, modified rearrangement of the hydrogen bond network at the interface due to the formation of stronger protein-cation (PC) and protein-anion (PA) hydrogen bonds by breaking relatively weaker protein-urea (PU) and protein-water (PW) hydrogen bonds has been recognized as the microscopic origin behind the counteraction effects of EAA on urea-induced partial unfolding of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prasad Ghanta
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sanjoy Bandyopadhyay
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Guo Z, Bergeron KF, Lingrand M, Mounier C. Unveiling the MUFA-Cancer Connection: Insights from Endogenous and Exogenous Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9921. [PMID: 37373069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) have been the subject of extensive research in the field of cancer due to their potential role in its prevention and treatment. MUFAs can be consumed through the diet or endogenously biosynthesized. Stearoyl-CoA desaturases (SCDs) are key enzymes involved in the endogenous synthesis of MUFAs, and their expression and activity have been found to be increased in various types of cancer. In addition, diets rich in MUFAs have been associated with cancer risk in epidemiological studies for certain types of carcinomas. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art literature on the associations between MUFA metabolism and cancer development and progression from human, animal, and cellular studies. We discuss the impact of MUFAs on cancer development, including their effects on cancer cell growth, migration, survival, and cell signaling pathways, to provide new insights on the role of MUFAs in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Guo
- Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3P 3P8, Canada
| | - Karl-Frédérik Bergeron
- Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3P 3P8, Canada
| | - Marine Lingrand
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Catherine Mounier
- Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3P 3P8, Canada
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Proteins and their functionalization for finding therapeutic avenues in cancer: Current status and future prospective. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188862. [PMID: 36791920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable advancement in the health care sector, cancer remains the second most fatal disease globally. The existing conventional cancer treatments primarily include chemotherapy, which has been associated with little to severe side effects, and radiotherapy, which is usually expensive. To overcome these problems, target-specific nanocarriers have been explored for delivering chemo drugs. However, recent reports on using a few proteins having anticancer activity and further use of them as drug carriers have generated tremendous attention for furthering the research towards cancer therapy. Biomolecules, especially proteins, have emerged as suitable alternatives in cancer treatment due to multiple favourable properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural flexibility for easy surface functionalization. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that various proteins derived from animal, plant, and bacterial species, demonstrated strong cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties against malignant cells in native and their different structural conformations. Moreover, surface tunable properties of these proteins help to bind a range of anticancer drugs and target ligands, thus making them efficient delivery agents in cancer therapy. Here, we discuss various proteins obtained from common exogenous sources and how they transform into effective anticancer agents. We also comprehensively discuss the tumor-killing mechanisms of different dietary proteins such as bovine α-lactalbumin, hen egg-white lysozyme, and their conjugates. We also articulate how protein nanostructures can be used as carriers for delivering cancer drugs and theranostics, and strategies to be adopted for improving their in vivo delivery and targeting. We further discuss the FDA-approved protein-based anticancer formulations along with those in different phases of clinical trials.
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7
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Effect of whey protein derivatives on cell viability, cell migration and cell cycle phases in MCF-7 cells. MARMARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.5472/marumj.1244676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to obtain protein derivatives after treatment of whey proteins with hazelnut oil and olive oil and determined
their effects on MCF-7 cells.
Materials and Methods: Whey proteins obtained from 6% whey powder were treated with hazelnut oil (HO) and olive oil (OO) at a
protein to lipid ratio of 1:10 at 60 ̊C for 120 minutes. The protein derivatives formed with whey protein and HO or OO were applied
to MCF-7 cancer cells and healthy fibroblasts. The effects of protein derivatives on cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species
(ROS) production, wound healing, cell cycle phase distribution and cell cycle related proteins Akt and p21(Waf1/Cip1) expressions
were investigated.
Results: Cell viability decreased significantly after 24 h of incubation with WP:OO. The percentage of apoptotic or necrotic cells varied
between 5-10% and no statistically significant effect was observed. There was no statistically significant difference in ROS production
and colony formation between controls and WP:HO or WP:OO groups. Treatment of cells with WP:OO for 24 h significantly decreased
cell migration compared to the control group. G2/M phase was significantly suppressed in WP:OO group compared to the control
group. WP:OO also increased the expression of p21(Waf1/Cip1) significantly when compared with the control group.
Conclusion: Our results showed that whey protein derivatives applied to MCF-7 cells are cytotoxic and may be useful in breast cancer
treatment.
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Chetta KE, Newton DA, Wagner CL, Baatz JE. Free Fatty Acid and α-Lactalbumin-Oleic Acid Complexes in Preterm Human Milk Are Cytotoxic to Fetal Intestinal Cells in vitro. Front Nutr 2022; 9:918872. [PMID: 35866080 PMCID: PMC9294382 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.918872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk, the best enteral selection for a preterm infant, becomes altered during freezing and soluble free fatty acid is generated over time. Free fatty acids may form complexes, such as the oleic acid-bound protein called HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells). We determined the in vitro biological activity of preterm human milk protein-oleic complexes (HAMLET-like complexes) and tested the hypothesis that laboratory-synthesized HAMLET exhibits cytotoxicity in human immature epithelial intestinal cell culture. Thirty-four milk samples from 15 mothers of hospitalized preterm infants were donated over time. Milk fractions were tested repeatedly for FHs 74 Int and HIEC-6 fetal cell cytotoxicity, using a sensitive viability assay. Protein and fatty acid identities were confirmed by Western blot, high performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity of intestinal cells exposed to milk increased respective to milk storage time (p < 0.001) and was associated with free oleic acid (p = 0.009). Synthesized HAMLET was cytotoxic in cultures of both lines. Preterm milk samples killed most cells in culture after an average 54 days in frozen storage (95% C.I. 34–72 days). After prolonged storage time, preterm milk and HAMLET showed a degree of cytotoxicity to immature intestinal cells in culture.
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Mohamed H, Ayyash M, Kamal-Eldin A. Effect of heat treatments on camel milk proteins – A review. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Dietary Linolenic Acid Increases Sensitizing and Eliciting Capacities of Cow's Milk Whey Proteins in BALB/c Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040822. [PMID: 35215473 PMCID: PMC8877816 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Lactalbumin (BLA) and β-lactoglobulin (BLG) are the major whey proteins causing allergic reactions. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) stand among the extrinsic factors of the food matrix that can bind BLA and BLG and change their bioactivities, but their contribution to change the allergenic properties of these proteins has not been investigated. Here, we aimed to determine how PUFAs influence BLA and BLG to sensitize and trigger allergic responses in BALB/c mice. First, tricine-SDS-PAGE and spectroscopic assays identified that α-linolenic acid (ALA, as a proof-of-concept model) can induce BLA and BLG to form cross-linked complexes and substantially modify their conformation. Then, BALB/c mice (n = 10/group) were orally sensitized and challenged with BLA and BLG or ALA-interacted BLA and BLG, respectively. Allergic reactions upon oral challenge were determined by measuring clinical allergic signs, specific antibodies, levels of type-1/2 cytokines, the status of mast cell activation, and percentage of cell populations (B and T cells) in different tissues (PP, MLN, and spleen). Overall, systemic allergic reaction was promoted in mice gavage with ALA-interacted BLA and BLG by disrupting the Th1/Th2 balance toward a Th2 immune response with the decreased number of Tregs. Enhanced induction of Th2-related cytokines, as well as serum-specific antibodies and mast cell activation, was also observed. In this study, we validated that ALA in the food matrix promoted both the sensitization and elicitation of allergic reactions in BALB/c mice.
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Chetta KE, Alcorn JL, Baatz JE, Wagner CL. Cytotoxic Lactalbumin-Oleic Acid Complexes in the Human Milk Diet of Preterm Infants. Nutrients 2021; 13:4336. [PMID: 34959888 PMCID: PMC8707396 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Frozen storage is necessary to preserve expressed human milk for critically ill and very preterm infants. Milk pasteurization is essential for donor milk given to this special population. Due to these storage and processing conditions, subtle changes occur in milk nutrients. These changes may have clinical implications. Potentially, bioactive complexes of unknown significance could be found in human milk given to preterm infants. One such complex, a cytotoxic α-lactalbumin-oleic acid complex named "HAMLET," (Human Alpha-Lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumor cells) is a folding variant of alpha-lactalbumin that is bound to oleic acid. This complex, isolated from human milk casein, has specific toxicity to both carcinogenic cell lines and immature non-transformed cells. Both HAMLET and free oleic acid trigger similar apoptotic mechanisms in tissue and stimulate inflammation via the NF-κB and MAPK p38 signaling pathways. This protein-lipid complex could potentially trigger various inflammatory pathways with unknown consequences, especially in immature intestinal tissues. The very preterm population is dependent on human milk as a medicinal and broadly bioactive nutriment. Therefore, HAMLET's possible presence and bioactive role in milk should be addressed in neonatal research. Through a pediatric lens, HAMLET's discovery, formation and bioactive benefits will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Chetta
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Shawn Jenkins Children’s Hospital, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, MSC 915, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.E.B.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Joseph L. Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Research Center, The University of Texas Health & Science Center at Houston, 6631 Fannin Street MSB 3.252, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - John E. Baatz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Shawn Jenkins Children’s Hospital, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, MSC 915, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.E.B.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Carol L. Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Shawn Jenkins Children’s Hospital, 10 McClennan Banks Drive, MSC 915, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (J.E.B.); (C.L.W.)
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12
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Ghanta KP, Mondal S, Mondal S, Bandyopadhyay S. Contrasting Effects of Ionic Liquids of Varying Degree of Hydrophilicity on the Conformational and Interfacial Properties of a Globular Protein. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:9441-9453. [PMID: 34433280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), depending on their cation-anion combinations, are known to influence the conformational properties and activities of proteins in a nonuniform manner. To obtain microscopic understanding of such influence, it is important to characterize protein-IL interactions and explore the modified solvation environment around the protein. In this work, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the globular protein α-lactalbumin have been carried out in aqueous IL solutions containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cations (BMIM+) in combination with a series of anions with varying degree of hydrophilicity, namely, hexafluorophosphate (PF6-), ethyl sulfate (ETS-), acetate (OAc-), chloride (Cl-), dicyanamide (DCA-), and nitrate (NO3-) . The calculations revealed that ILs with hydrophobic and hydrophilic anions have contrasting influence on conformational flexibility of the protein. It is further observed that the BMIM+ cations exhibit site-specific orientations at the interface depending on the hydrophilicity of the anion component. Most importantly, the results demonstrated enhanced propensity of hydrophilic ILs to replace relatively weaker protein-water hydrogen bonds by stronger protein-IL hydrogen bonds at the protein surface as compared to the hydrophobic ILs. Such breaking of protein-water hydrogen bonds at a greater extent leads to greater loss of water hydrating the protein in the presence of hydrophilic ILs, thereby reducing the protein's stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prasad Ghanta
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Souvik Mondal
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sandip Mondal
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Sanjoy Bandyopadhyay
- Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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13
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Leischner C, Egert S, Burkard M, Venturelli S. Potential Protective Protein Components of Cow's Milk against Certain Tumor Entities. Nutrients 2021; 13:1974. [PMID: 34201342 PMCID: PMC8228601 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products, especially from cow's milk, play a major role in the daily human diet. It is therefore hardly surprising that the subject of milk is being extensively researched and that many effects of individual milk components have been characterized as a result. With the wealth of results available today, the influence of milk on the development of various types of cancer and, in particular, its often protective effects have been shown both in vitro and in vivo and in the evaluation of large-scale cohort and case-control studies. Various caseins, diverse whey proteins such as α-lactalbumin (α-LA), bovine α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (BAMLET), β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), or bovine serum albumin (BSA), and numerous milk fat components, such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), or butyrate, as well as calcium and other protein components such as lactoferrin (Lf), lactoferricin (Lfcin), and casomorphines, show antitumor or cytotoxic effects on cells from different tumor entities. With regard to a balanced and health-promoting diet, milk consumption plays a major role in a global context. This work provides an overview of what is known about the antitumoral properties of proteins derived from cow's milk and their modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Leischner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences 140, Nutritional Biochemistry 140c, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Sarah Egert
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Nutritional Science/Dietetics 180c, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Markus Burkard
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences 140, Nutritional Biochemistry 140c, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences 140, Nutritional Biochemistry 140c, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 30, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
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14
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Interaction of Lactoferrin with Unsaturated Fatty Acids: In Vitro and In Vivo Study of Human Lactoferrin/Oleic Acid Complex Cytotoxicity. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071602. [PMID: 33805987 PMCID: PMC8037541 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
As shown recently, oleic acid (OA) in complex with lactoferrin (LF) causes the death of cancer cells, but no mechanism(s) of that toxicity have been disclosed. In this study, constitutive parameters of the antitumor effect of LF/OA complex were explored. Complex LF/OA was prepared by titrating recombinant human LF with OA. Spectral analysis was used to assess possible structural changes of LF within its complex with OA. Structural features of apo-LF did not change within the complex LF:OA = 1:8, which was toxic for hepatoma 22a cells. Cytotoxicity of the complex LF:OA = 1:8 was tested in cultured hepatoma 22a cells and in fresh erythrocytes. Its anticancer activity was tested in mice carrying hepatoma 22a. In mice injected daily with LF-8OA, the same tumor grew significantly slower. In 20% of animals, the tumors completely resolved. LF alone was less efficient, i.e., the tumor growth index was 0.14 for LF-8OA and 0.63 for LF as compared with 1.0 in the control animals. The results of testing from 48 days after the tumor inoculation showed that the survival rate among LF-8OA-treated animals was 70%, contrary to 0% rate in the control group and among the LF-treated mice. Our data allow us to regard the complex of LF and OA as a promising tool for cancer treatment.
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α-Lactalbumin, Amazing Calcium-Binding Protein. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091210. [PMID: 32825311 PMCID: PMC7565966 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Lactalbumin (α-LA) is a small (Mr 14,200), acidic (pI 4–5), Ca2+-binding protein. α-LA is a regulatory component of lactose synthase enzyme system functioning in the lactating mammary gland. The protein possesses a single strong Ca2+-binding site, which can also bind Mg2+, Mn2+, Na+, K+, and some other metal cations. It contains several distinct Zn2+-binding sites. Physical properties of α-LA strongly depend on the occupation of its metal binding sites by metal ions. In the absence of bound metal ions, α-LA is in the molten globule-like state. The binding of metal ions, and especially of Ca2+, increases stability of α-LA against the action of heat, various denaturing agents and proteases, while the binding of Zn2+ to the Ca2+-loaded protein decreases its stability and causes its aggregation. At pH 2, the protein is in the classical molten globule state. α-LA can associate with membranes at neutral or slightly acidic pH at physiological temperatures. Depending on external conditions, α-LA can form amyloid fibrils, amorphous aggregates, nanoparticles, and nanotubes. Some of these aggregated states of α-LA can be used in practical applications such as drug delivery to tissues and organs. α-LA and some of its fragments possess bactericidal and antiviral activities. Complexes of partially unfolded α-LA with oleic acid are cytotoxic to various tumor and bacterial cells. α-LA in the cytotoxic complexes plays a role of a delivery carrier of cytotoxic fatty acid molecules into tumor and bacterial cells across the cell membrane. Perhaps in the future the complexes of α-LA with oleic acid will be used for development of new anti-cancer drugs.
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Pedersen JN, Frislev HKS, Pedersen JS, Otzen D. Structures and mechanisms of formation of liprotides. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140505. [PMID: 32721568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins form complexes called liprotides with oleic acid and other cis-fatty acids under conditions where the protein is partially unfolded. The complexes vary in structure depending on the ratio of protein and lipid, but the most common structural organization is the core-shell structure, in which a layer of dynamic, partially unfolded and extended proteins surrounds a micelle-like fatty acid core. This structure, first reported for α-lactalbumin together with OA, resembles complexes formed between proteins and anionic surfactants like SDS. Liprotides first rose to fame through their anti-carcinogenic properties which still remains promising for topical applications though not yet implemented in the clinic. In addition, liprotides show potential in drug delivery thanks to the ability of the micelle core to solubilize and stabilize hydrophobic compounds, though applications are challenged by their sensitivity to acidic pH and dynamic exchange of lipids which makes them easy prey for serum "hoovers" such as albumin. However, liprotides are also of fundamental interest as a generic "protein complex structure", demonstrating the many and varied structural consequences of protein-lipid interactions. Here we provide an overview of the different types of liprotide complexes, ranging from quasi-native complexes via core-shell structures to multi-layer structures, and discuss the many conditions under which they form. Given the many variable types of complexes that can form, rigorous biophysical analysis (stoichiometry, shape and structure of the complexes) remains crucial for a complete understanding of the mechanisms of action of this fascinating group of protein-lipid complexes both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Nedergaard Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henriette Kristina Søster Frislev
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Novo Nordisk, Hallas Alle 1, DK-4400 Kalundborg, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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A Novel SNPs in Alpha-Lactalbumin Gene Effects on Lactation Traits in Chinese Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010060. [PMID: 31905734 PMCID: PMC7023285 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA) is a major whey protein component in mammalian milk, such as human (approximately 36%), bovine (approximately 17%), and other species, etc., It is involved in the regulation of lactose synthesis and has high nutritional value, especially in infant formula. Previous studies have confirmed that bovine α-LA gene 5′-flanking region has single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), but little is known about polymorphisms in other regions, especially sequence coding for amino acids in protein (CDS) and their adjacent non-coding regions, including Chinese Holstein dairy cows. This study focused on investigated SNPs in the CDS and their adjacent non-coding regions of the α-LA gene in Chinese Holstein dairy cows, and assessed the association between SNPs and lactation traits. Sequence alignment showed that a potential SNPs (562th, G/A) in CDS2 region affect protein spatial structure, suggesting that this SNPs might affect the lactation traits of cows (milk type (Holstein and Jersey), and non-milk type (Bos Taurus)) need more in-depth study. More importantly, a novel SNPs at 1847th (T/C) bp in non-coding region near CDS4 was significantly associated with milk lactose composition, and lactose contents were significantly correlated with milk protein content, indicating that the SNPs could be used as a novel potential molecular marker for lactation traits in Chinese Holstein dairy cows. Abstract Alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA) is a major whey protein in bovine and other mammalian milk, which regulates synthesis of lactose. Little is known about its genetic polymorphism and whether can be used as a potential marker for dairy ingredients, milk yield traits, and milk properties. To investigate its polymorphisms and their relationship with milk lactation traits in Chinese Holstein dairy cows, single-strand conformation polymorphism method (PCR-SSCP) and direct sequencing method were used to mark the α-LA gene SNPs. AA (0.7402) and AB (0.2598) genotypes were screened out by PCR-SSCP bands analysis in two independent populations. Direct sequencing revealed that there is one SNP at 1847th (T/C) bp in noncoding region of α-LA gene with highly polymorphic (0.5 < PIC = 0.5623 or 0.5822), of which T is in AA genotype while C in AB. Association analysis also showed that lactose content (p < 0.05) was negatively correlated with fat and protein contents within subgroup, indicating that the SNPs (1847th, T/C) in α-LA gene could be used as a novel potential molecular marker for lactation traits in Chinese Holstein dairy cows.
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El-Fakharany EM, Redwan EM. Protein-lipid complexes: molecular structure, current scenarios and mechanisms of cytotoxicity. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36890-36906. [PMID: 35539089 PMCID: PMC9075609 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07127j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Some natural proteins can be complexed with oleic acid (OA) to form an active protein-lipid formulation that can induce tumor-selective apoptosis. The first explored protein was human milk α-lactalbumin (α-LA), called HAMLET when composed with OA in antitumor form. Several groups have prepared active protein-lipid complexes using a variety of approaches, all of which depend on target protein destabilization or direct OA-protein incubation to alter pH to acid or alkaline condition. In addition to performing vital roles in inflammatory processes and immune responses, fatty acids can disturb different metabolic pathways and cellular signals. Therefore, the tumoricidal action of these complexes is related to OA rather than the protein that keeps OA in solution and acts as a vehicle for transferring OA molecules to tumor cells. However, other studies have suggested that the antitumor efficacy of these complexes was exerted by both protein and OA together. The potential is not limited to the anti-tumor activity of protein-lipid complexes but extends to other functions such as bactericidal activity. The protein shell enhances the solubility and stability of the bound fatty acid. These protein-lipid complexes are promising candidates for fighting various cancer types and managing bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg EL-Arab 21934 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA-City) New Borg EL-Arab 21934 Alexandria Egypt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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Li W, Fu J, Ding Y, Liu D, Jia N, Chen D, Hu H. Low density lipoprotein-inspired nanostructured lipid nanoparticles containing pro-doxorubicin to enhance tumor-targeted therapeutic efficiency. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:456-467. [PMID: 31260821 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Inefficient tumor accumulation and controlling drug release at the tumor site are two major obstacles limiting the antitumor efficacy of nanoparticle delivery systems. Inspired by the biological structure and function of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a pH-sensitive ApoB-100/Oleic acid-DOX/NLC (AODN) nanoparticle based on nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was prepared in this study. The biological composition of ApoB-containing NLC nanoparticles is similar to that of LDL, which can effectively increase the cycle time and targeting efficiency of nanoparticles. Meantime, the doxorubicin prodrug strategy was used to increase the drug loading of the nanoparticles and achieve drug-sensitive release. In vitro results indicated that AODN nanoparticles can cause more drugs to be phagocytosed by LDL receptor-mediated endocytosis, thus showing high cytotoxicity in 4T1 cells. In vivo experiments have shown that pH-sensitive AODN nanoparticles can cause more drugs to accumulate in the tumor site, reducing systemic toxicity and effectively inhibiting orthotopic breast cancer. These data provide strong evidence that the strategy of combining bionics and prodrug technology provides a new approach to improving the efficiency of chemotherapy drugs in cancer treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Inefficient tumor accumulation and controlling drug release at the tumor site are two major obstacles limiting the antitumor efficacy of nanoparticle delivery systems. Inspired by low density lipoprotein, a pH-sensitive ApoB-100/oleic acid-DOX/NLC (AODN) nanoparticle based on nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was prepared. Its biological composition is similar to that of LDL, which can effectively increase the cycle time and targeting efficiency of drugs. Then, the doxorubicin prodrug strategy was used to increase the drug loading of the nanoparticles and achieve drug-sensitive release. AODN nanoparticles can effectively inhibit tumor by effectively accumulating at tumor site and controlling release. The strategy of combining bionics and prodrug technology provides a new approach to improving the efficiency of chemotherapy drugs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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Abstract
Oleic acid (OA) is a monounsaturated fatty acid that upon binding to milk proteins, such as α-lactalbumin and lactoferrin, forms potent complexes, which exert selective anti-tumor activity against malignant cells but are nontoxic for healthy normal cells. We showed that the interaction of OA with albumins isolated from human, bovine, and camel milk results in the formation of complexes with high antitumor activity against Caco-2, HepG-2, PC-3, and MCF-7 tumor cells. The antitumor effect of the complexes is mostly due to the action of oleic acid, similar to the case of OA complexes with other proteins. Viability of tumor cells is inhibited by the albumin-OA complexes in a dose dependent manner, as evaluated by the MTT assay. Strong induction of apoptosis in tumor cells after their treatment with the complexes was monitored by flow cytometry, cell cycle analysis, nuclear staining, and DNA fragmentation methods. The complex of camel albumin with OA displayed the most pronounced anti-tumor effects in comparison with the complexes of OA with human and bovine albumins. Therefore, these results suggest that albumins have the potential to be used as efficient and low cost means of tumor treatment.
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21
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Whey protein in cancer therapy: A narrative review. Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:245-256. [PMID: 31005617 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer remains a public health challenge in the identification and development of ideal pharmacological therapies and dietary strategies. The use of whey protein as a dietary strategy is widespread in the field of oncology. The two types of whey protein, sweet or acid, result from several processing techniques and possess distinct protein subfraction compositions. Mechanistically, whey protein subfractions have specific anti-cancer effects. Alpha-lactalbumin, human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cell, bovine α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cell, bovine serum albumin, and lactoferrin are whey protein subfractions with potential to hinder tumor pathways. Such effects, however, are principally supported by studies performed in vitro and/or in vivo. In clinical practice, whey protein intake-induced anti-cancer effects are indiscernible. However, whey protein supplementation represents a practical, feasible, and cost-effective approach to mitigate cancer cachexia syndrome. The usefulness of whey protein is evidenced by a greater leucine content and the potential to modulate IGF-1 concentrations, representing important factors towards musculoskeletal hypertrophy. Further clinical trials are warranted and needed to establish the effects of whey protein supplementation as an adjuvant to cancer therapy.
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Dopierała K, Krajewska M, Prochaska K. Binding of α-lactalbumin to oleic acid monolayer and its relevance to formation of HAMLET-like complexes. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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A Protein Complex from Human Milk Enhances the Activity of Antibiotics and Drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.01846-18. [PMID: 30420480 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01846-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis (TB), has surpassed HIV/AIDS as the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. The increasing occurrence of drug-resistant strains has become a major challenge for health care systems and, in some cases, has rendered TB untreatable. However, the development of new TB drugs has been plagued with high failure rates and costs. Alternative strategies to increase the efficacy of current TB treatment regimens include host-directed therapies or agents that make M. tuberculosis more susceptible to existing TB drugs. In this study, we show that HAMLET, an α-lactalbumin-oleic acid complex derived from human milk, has bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis HAMLET consists of a micellar oleic acid core surrounded by a shell of partially denatured α-lactalbumin molecules and unloads oleic acid into cells upon contact with lipid membranes. At sublethal concentrations, HAMLET potentiated a remarkably broad array of TB drugs and antibiotics against M. tuberculosis For example, the minimal inhibitory concentrations of rifampin, bedaquiline, delamanid, and clarithromycin were decreased by 8- to 16-fold. HAMLET also killed M. tuberculosis and enhanced the efficacy of TB drugs inside macrophages, a natural habitat of M. tuberculosis Previous studies showed that HAMLET is stable after oral delivery in mice and nontoxic in humans and that it is possible to package hydrophobic compounds in the oleic acid core of HAMLET to increase their solubility and metabolic stability. The potential of HAMLET and other liprotides as drug delivery and sensitization agents in TB chemotherapy is discussed here.
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Jiang P, Huang J, Bao C, Jiao L, Zhao H, Du Y, Fazheng R, Li Y. Enzymatically Partially Hydrolyzed α-Lactalbumin Peptides for Self-Assembled Micelle Formation and Their Application for Coencapsulation of Multiple Antioxidants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12921-12930. [PMID: 30359000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The codelivery system for multiple antioxidants such as anthocyanins (Ant) and curcumin (Cur) of synergistic action may effectively enhance their stability and cellular absorption. We have reported that amphiphilic peptides obtained from enzymatic partial hydrolysis of α-lactalbumin (α-lac) can self-assemble into 20 nm monodispersed nanomicelles in aqueous solution. Cur and Ant could be coloaded into the micelles sequentially via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, which was proved by fluorescence quenching experiments for the Cur-micelle and Ant-micelle interactions. Circular dichroism spectra proved that the Cur and Ant binding did not affect their structure confirmation. Both Cur- and Ant-loaded micelles showed improved stability and also exhibited an intestinal pH responsive release property in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. In addition, the nanomicelles exhibited an advanced cellular uptake and transmembrane permeability based on Caco-2 cell monolayer models. Finally, the coloaded micelles possessed a synergistic efficiency such that cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) for Cur and Ant was markedly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 Beijing , People's Republic of China
- College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , 100029 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Bao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Jiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , 100029 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yizheng Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Ren Fazheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 100083 Beijing , People's Republic of China
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25
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Rath EM, Cheng YY, Pinese M, Sarun KH, Hudson AL, Weir C, Wang YD, Håkansson AP, Howell VM, Liu GJ, Reid G, Knott RB, Duff AP, Church WB. BAMLET kills chemotherapy-resistant mesothelioma cells, holding oleic acid in an activated cytotoxic state. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203003. [PMID: 30157247 PMCID: PMC6114908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. Here we have investigated in vitro efficacy of BAMLET and BLAGLET complexes (anti-cancer complexes consisting of oleic acid and bovine α-lactalbumin or β-lactoglobulin respectively) in killing mesothelioma cells, determined BAMLET and BLAGLET structures, and investigated possible biological mechanisms. We performed cell viability assays on 16 mesothelioma cell lines. BAMLET and BLAGLET having increasing oleic acid content inhibited human and rat mesothelioma cell line proliferation at decreasing doses. Most of the non-cancer primary human fibroblasts were more resistant to BAMLET than were human mesothelioma cells. BAMLET showed similar cytotoxicity to cisplatin-resistant, pemetrexed-resistant, vinorelbine-resistant, and parental rat mesothelioma cells, indicating the BAMLET anti-cancer mechanism may be different to drugs currently used to treat mesothelioma. Cisplatin, pemetrexed, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and BAMLET, did not demonstrate a therapeutic window for mesothelioma compared with immortalised non-cancer mesothelial cells. We demonstrated by quantitative PCR that ATP synthase is downregulated in mesothelioma cells in response to regular dosing with BAMLET. We sought structural insight for BAMLET and BLAGLET activity by performing small angle X-ray scattering, circular dichroism, and scanning electron microscopy. Our results indicate the structural mechanism by which BAMLET and BLAGLET achieve increased cytotoxicity by holding increasing amounts of oleic acid in an active cytotoxic state encapsulated in increasingly unfolded protein. Our structural studies revealed similarity in the molecular structure of the protein components of these two complexes and in their encapsulation of the fatty acid, and differences in the microscopic structure and structural stability. BAMLET forms rounded aggregates and BLAGLET forms long fibre-like aggregates whose aggregation is more stable than that of BAMLET due to intermolecular disulphide bonds. The results reported here indicate that BAMLET and BLAGLET may be effective second-line treatment options for mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Rath
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuen Yee Cheng
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Concord, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Pinese
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kadir H. Sarun
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Concord, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda L. Hudson
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher Weir
- Northern Blood Research Centre, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiwei D. Wang
- Burns Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Viive M. Howell
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guo Jun Liu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glen Reid
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Concord, NSW, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Robert B. Knott
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony P. Duff
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), New Illawarra Rd, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - W. Bret Church
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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26
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Using Liprotides to Deliver Cholesterol to the Plasma Membrane. J Membr Biol 2018; 251:581-592. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-018-0034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Frislev HS, Boye TL, Nylandsted J, Otzen D. Liprotides kill cancer cells by disrupting the plasma membrane. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15129. [PMID: 29123177 PMCID: PMC5680231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumour cells) is a complex of α-lactalbumin (aLA) and oleic acid (OA) which kills transformed cells, while leaving fully differentiated cells largely unaffected. Other protein-lipid complexes show similar anti-cancer potential. We call such complexes liprotides. The cellular impact of liprotides, while intensely investigated, remains unresolved. To address this, we report on the cell-killing mechanisms of liprotides prepared by incubating aLA with OA for 1 h at 20 or 80 °C (lip20 and lip80, respectively). The liprotides showed similar cytotoxicity against MCF7 cells, though lip80 acts more slowly, possibly due to intermolecular disulphide bonds formed during preparation. Liprotides are known to increase the fluidity of a membrane and transfer OA to vesicles, prompting us to focus on the effect of liprotides on the cell membrane. Extracellular Ca2+ influx is important for activation of the plasma membrane repair system, and we found that removal of Ca2+ from the medium enhanced the liprotides’ killing effect. Liprotide cytotoxicity was also increased by knockdown of Annexin A6 (ANXA6), a protein involved in plasma membrane repair. We conclude that MCF7 cells counteract liprotide-induced membrane permeabilization by activating their plasma membrane repair system, which is triggered by extracellular Ca2+ and involves ANXA6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette S Frislev
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Theresa Louise Boye
- Membrane Integrity Group, Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Nylandsted
- Membrane Integrity Group, Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Daniel Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Mahanta S, Prathap S, Ban DK, Paul S. Protein functionalization of ZnO nanostructure exhibits selective and enhanced toxicity to breast cancer cells through oxidative stress-based cell death mechanism. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sørensen HV, Pedersen JN, Pedersen JS, Otzen DE. Tailoring thermal treatment to form liprotide complexes between oleic acid and different proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:682-693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Augmenting the cytotoxicity of oleic acid-protein complexes: Potential of target-specific antibodies. Biochimie 2017; 137:139-146. [PMID: 28341551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
HAMLET (Human Alpha-Lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells), a complex of oleic acid (OA) with partially unfolded human α-lactalbumin, shows remarkable toxicity towards a spectrum of tumor cells as well as few differentiated cells including mammalian erythrocytes. Human erythrocytes, for this reason, have been used as convenient model cells to study toxic properties of the OA complexes. The toxicity of HAMLET-like complexes, prepared using immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) isolated from the sera of rabbits immunized with human erythrocytes as well as those unimmunized, towards the red cells was investigated. The OA complex of the IgG prepared by the heat-treatment procedure comprised of protein monomers and oligomers with bound OA. The IgG in the complexes retained most secondary but only partial tertiary structure and complex formation with OA did not abolish the ability of anti-erythrocyte IgG to bind to the erythrocytes. Anti-erythrocyte IgG-OA complexes were remarkably more hemolytic than those prepared using non-specific IgG, while complexes prepared using affinity purified anti-erythrocyte IgG were most effective in hemolyzing the cells. The work suggests that antibodies that exhibit affinity towards target cells may be useful in the preparation of selective and highly toxic OA complexes for the cells.
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Fang B, Zhang M, Wu H, Fan X, Ren F. Internalization properties of the anti-tumor α-lactalbumin-oleic acid complex. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 96:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Strømland Ø, Handegård ØS, Govasli ML, Wen H, Halskau Ø. Peptides derived from α-lactalbumin membrane binding helices oligomerize in presence of lipids and disrupt bilayers. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1029-1039. [PMID: 28069414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Helix A and -C of α-lactalbumin, a loosely folded amphitropic protein, perturb lipid monolayers by the formation of amyloid pore-like structures. To investigate whether these helices are able to disrupt fully formed bilayers, we designed peptides comprised of Helix A and -C, and investigated their membrane-perturbing properties. The peptides, designated A-Cage-C and A-Lnk-C, were prepared with tryptophan sites in the helical and the spacer segments in order to monitor which part were involved in membrane association under given conditions. The peptides associate with and disrupt negatively charged bilayers in a pH-dependent manner and α-helical tendencies increased upon membrane association. Both helices and the spacer segment were involved in membrane binding in the case of A-Lnk-C, and there are indications that the two helixes act in synergy to affect the membrane. However, the helices and the spacer segment could not intercalate when present as A-Cage-C at neutral conditions. At acidic pH, both helices could intercalate, but not the central spacer segment. AFM performed on bilayers under aqueous conditions revealed oligomers formed by the peptides. The presence of bilayers and acidic pHs were both drivers for the formation of these, suggestive of models for peptide oligomerization where segments of the peptide are stacked in an electrostatically favorable manner by the surface. Of the two peptides, A-Lnk-C was the more prolific oligomerizer, and also formed amyloid-fibril like structures at acidic pH and elevated concentrations. Our results suggest the peptides perturb membranes not through pore-like structures, but possibly by a thinning mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øyvind Strømland
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ørjan S Handegård
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Morten L Govasli
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hanzhen Wen
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øyvind Halskau
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgt. 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway.
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Ho JC, Nadeem A, Svanborg C. HAMLET – A protein-lipid complex with broad tumoricidal activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:454-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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INAGAKI M, KAWAI S, IJIER X, FUKUOKA M, YABE T, IWAMOTO S, KANAMARU Y. Effects of heat treatment on conformation and cell growth activity of alpha- lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin from market milk . Biomed Res 2017; 38:53-59. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.38.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho INAGAKI
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Shuji KAWAI
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
- Deceased
| | - X IJIER
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Mayuko FUKUOKA
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Tomio YABE
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Satoshi IWAMOTO
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Yoshihiro KANAMARU
- Department of Applied Life Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University
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Chaudhuri A, Prasanna X, Agiru P, Chakraborty H, Rydström A, Ho JCS, Svanborg C, Sengupta D, Chattopadhyay A. Protein-dependent Membrane Interaction of A Partially Disordered Protein Complex with Oleic Acid: Implications for Cancer Lipidomics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35015. [PMID: 27731329 PMCID: PMC5059734 DOI: 10.1038/srep35015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine α-lactalbumin (BLA) forms cytotoxic complexes with oleic acid (OA) that perturbs tumor cell membranes, but molecular determinants of these membrane-interactions remain poorly understood. Here, we aim to obtain molecular insights into the interaction of BLA/BLA-OA complex with model membranes. We characterized the folding state of BLA-OA complex using tryptophan fluorescence and resolved residue-specific interactions of BLA with OA using molecular dynamics simulation. We integrated membrane-binding data using a voltage-sensitive probe and molecular dynamics (MD) to demonstrate the preferential interaction of the BLA-OA complex with negatively charged membranes. We identified amino acid residues of BLA and BLA-OA complex as determinants of these membrane interactions using MD, functionally corroborated by uptake of the corresponding α-LA peptides across tumor cell membranes. The results suggest that the α-LA component of these cytotoxic complexes confers specificity for tumor cell membranes through protein interactions that are maintained even in the lipid complex, in the presence of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunima Chaudhuri
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | | | - Priyanka Agiru
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Hirak Chakraborty
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Anna Rydström
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - James C. S. Ho
- Centre for Biomimetic Sensor Science, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637553 Singapore
| | - Catharina Svanborg
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Glycobiology (MIG), Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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A Characeae Cells Plasma Membrane as a Model for Selection of Bioactive Compounds and Drugs: Interaction of HAMLET-Like Complexes with Ion Channels of Chara corallina Cells Plasmalemma. J Membr Biol 2016; 249:801-811. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-016-9930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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37
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Kim KH, Yun S, Mok KH, Lee EK. Thermodynamic analysis of ANS binding to partially unfolded α-lactalbumin: correlation of endothermic to exothermic changeover with formation of authentic molten globules. J Mol Recognit 2016; 29:446-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyung Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering; Hanyang University - ERICA; Ansan Korea
| | - Soi Yun
- Department of Bionano Engineering; Hanyang University - ERICA; Ansan Korea
| | - K. H. Mok
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI); School of Immunology and Biochemistry; Dublin 2 Ireland
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN); Trinity College, The University of Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - E. K. Lee
- Department of Bionano Engineering; Hanyang University - ERICA; Ansan Korea
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38
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Hoque M, Gupta J, Rabbani G, Khan RH, Saleemuddin M. Behaviour of oleic acid-depleted bovine alpha-lactalbumin made LEthal to tumor cells (BAMLET). MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:1871-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00905g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oleic acid (OA) complexes of human alpha-lactalbumin (α-LA) and several other proteins are effective in the killing of a variety of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Hoque
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202002
- India
| | - Jyoti Gupta
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202002
- India
| | - Gulam Rabbani
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202002
- India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202002
- India
| | - M. Saleemuddin
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202002
- India
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Mahanta S, Paul S. Stable Self-Assembly of Bovine α-Lactalbumin Exhibits Target-Specific Antiproliferative Activity in Multiple Cancer Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:28177-28187. [PMID: 26440360 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of a protein is a natural phenomenon; however, the process can be performed under a suitable condition in vitro. Since proteins are nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible in nature, they are used in various industrial applications such as biocatalyst, therapeutic agent, and drug carriers. Moreover, their flexible structural state and specific activity are being used as sensors and immensely attract many new applications. However, the inherent potential of protein self-assembly for various applications is yet to be explored in detail. In this study, spherical self-assembly of bovine α-lactalbumin (nsBLA) was synthesized using an optimized ethanol-mediated desolvation process with an average diameter of approximately 300 nm. The self-assembly was found to be highly stable against thermal, pH, and proteases stress. When nsBLA was administered in various cancer cells, it demonstrated high cytotoxicity in three different cancer cells via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, whereas it exhibited negligible toxicity in normal human and murine cells. When nsBLA was conjugated with folic acid, it improved the cytotoxicity and perhaps mediated through enhanced cellular uptake in cancer cells through binding with folate receptors. Further, experimental results confirmed that the cancer cell death induced by nsBLA was not caused by apoptosis but a necrotic-like death mechanism. When compared with a well-known protein-based anticancer agent BAMLET (bovine α-lactalbumin made lethal against tumor cell), the self-assembled BLA clearly exhibited higher cytotoxicity to cancer cells than BAMLET. While BAMLET exhibits poor biocompatibility, our nsBLA demonstrated excellent biocompatibility to normal cells. Therefore, in this study, we prepared self-assembled α-lactalbumin that exhibits strong inherent antiproliferative potential in multiple cancer cells which can be used for efficient therapeutic approach in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailendra Mahanta
- Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Subhankar Paul
- Structural Biology and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology , Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
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Nsonzi F, Gomaa AI, Sedman J, Ismail AA. Effect of temperature on the structure and cytotoxicity effect of α-lactalbumin-oleic acid complexes against the L1210 cell line. FOOD STRUCTURE-NETHERLANDS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foostr.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pedersen JN, Pedersen JS, Otzen DE. The Use of Liprotides To Stabilize and Transport Hydrophobic Molecules. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4815-23. [PMID: 26158206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been shown that different complexes consisting of protein and fatty acids, which we call liprotides, have common functional and structural features. Liprotides can transfer their fatty acid content to membranes, highlighting the potential to incorporate other small molecules and help transfer them to membranes. In this study, this potential was explored with regard to the poorly water-soluble vitamin E compound α-tocopherol (Toc). Uptake into liprotides increased Toc solubility and chemical stability. The liprotide-Toc complexes retained the characteristic liprotide structure with a core of fatty acid surrounded by protein. Toc and fatty acid could be transferred to artificial vesicles upon being incorporated into the liprotide complex. Extending this work, we found that free tryptophan and the vitamin A precursor retinaldehyde could also be incorporated in the liprotides; however, other small molecules failed to be taken up, and we conclude that successful incorporation requires a hydrophobic terminal moiety that can be accommodated within the micelle interior of the liprotides. Nevertheless, our work suggests that liprotides are able to stabilize and transport a number of otherwise insoluble small molecules with significant potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik N Pedersen
- †Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan S Pedersen
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- †Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Delgado Y, Morales-Cruz M, Figueroa CM, Hernández-Román J, Hernández G, Griebenow K. The cytotoxicity of BAMLET complexes is due to oleic acid and independent of the α-lactalbumin component. FEBS Open Bio 2015; 5:397-404. [PMID: 26101738 PMCID: PMC4430638 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized three different BAMLET complexes consisting of oleic acid coupled to bovine α-lactalbumin. Oleic acid micelles alone are tumoricidal at equimolar concentrations of oleic acid bound in the BAMLET complexes. α-Lactalbumin is non-toxic to cells even when delivered to their cytoplasm. Both, BAMLET and oleic acid micelles showed no selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells.
Lipid–protein complexes comprised of oleic acid (OA) non-covalently coupled to human/bovine α-lactalbumin, named HAMLET/BAMLET, display cytotoxic properties against cancer cells. However, there is still a substantial debate about the role of the protein in these complexes. To shed light into this, we obtained three different BAMLET complexes using varying synthesis conditions. Our data suggest that to form active BAMLET particles, OA has to reach critical micelle concentration with an approximate diameter of 250 nm. Proteolysis experiments on BAMLET show that OA protects the protein and is probably located on the surface, consistent with a micelle-like structure. Native or unfolded α-lactalbumin without OA lacked any tumoricidal activity. In contrast, OA alone killed cancer cells with the same efficiency at equimolar concentrations as its formulation as BAMLET. Our data show unequivocally that the cytotoxicity of the BAMLET complex is exclusively due to OA and that OA alone, when formulated as a micelle, is as toxic as the BAMLET complex. The contradictory literature results on the cytotoxicity of BAMLET might be explained by our finding that it was imperative to sonicate the samples to obtain toxic OA.
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Key Words
- BAMLET
- BAMLET, bovine α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells
- Cancer therapy
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FA, fatty acid
- Fatty acid
- FoA, folic acid
- HAMLET
- HAMLET, human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells
- MTS, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium
- NP, nanoparticles
- OA, oleic acid
- Oleic acid
- PMS, phenazine methosulfate
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- α-LA, α-lactalbumin
- α-Lactalbumin
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamixa Delgado
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
| | - Moraima Morales-Cruz
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
| | - Cindy M. Figueroa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
| | - José Hernández-Román
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
| | - Glinda Hernández
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
| | - Kai Griebenow
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
- Corresponding author at: Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico. Tel.: +1 (787) 764 0000x7374; fax: +1 (787) 756 8242.
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Hoque M, Nanduri R, Gupta J, Mahajan S, Gupta P, Saleemuddin M. Oleic acid complex of bovine α-lactalbumin induces eryptosis in human and other erythrocytes by a Ca(2+)-independent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:1729-39. [PMID: 25913522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complexes of oleic acid (OA) with milk α-lactalbumin, received remarkable attention in view of their selective toxicity towards a spectrum of tumors during the last two decades. OA complexes of some structurally related/unrelated proteins are also tumoricidal. Erythrocytes are among the few differentiated cells that are sensitive and undergo hemolysis when exposed to the complexes. METHODS The effects of OA complex of bovine α-lactalbumin (Bovine Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells, BAMLET) on human, goat and chicken erythrocytes on calcein leakage, phosphatidylserine exposure, morphological changes and hemolysis were studied by confocal microscopy, FACS analysis, scanning electron microscopy and measuring hemoglobin release. RESULTS Erythrocytes exposed to BAMLET undergo eryptosis-like alterations as revealed by calcein leakage, surface phosphatidylserine exposure and transformation to echinocytes at low concentrations and hemolysis when the concentration of the complex was raised. Ca(2+) was not essential and restricted the alterations when included in the medium. The BAMLET-induced alterations in human erythrocytes were prevented by the cation channel inhibitors, amiloride and BaCl2 but not by inhibitors of thiol proteases, sphingomyelinase and by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. CONCLUSIONS The work shows for the first time that low concentrations of BAMLET induces eryptosis in erythrocytes by a novel mechanism not requiring Ca(2+) and hemolysis by detergent-like action by the released OA at higher concentrations. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The study points out to the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicity of OA complexes of α-lactalbumin and other proteins towards erythrocytes and other differentiated cells before being considered for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehboob Hoque
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | | | - Jyoti Gupta
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sahil Mahajan
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - M Saleemuddin
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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Fang B, Zhang M, Tian M, Ren FZ. Self-assembled β-lactoglobulin-oleic acid and β-lactoglobulin-linoleic acid complexes with antitumor activities. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:2898-907. [PMID: 25771044 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) can bind to fatty acids such as oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA). Another whey protein, α-lactalbumin (α-LA), can also bind to OA to give the complex α-LA-OA, which has antitumor properties. Based on reports that the activity of α-LA-OA is highly dependent on OA, as well as the acquisition of similar complexes using other proteins, such as lysozyme and lactoferrin, we speculated whether β-LG could also kill tumor cells after binding to other fatty acids. Therefore, we prepared complexes of β-LG with OA (β-LG-OA) and LA (β-LG-LA) in the current study and evaluated them in terms of antitumor activity and thermostability using the methylene blue method and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The structural features of these complexes were also evaluated using fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism. The binding dynamics of OA and LA to β-LG were studied using isothermal titration calorimetry. Cell viability results revealed that β-LG-LA and β-LG-OA exhibited similar antitumor activities. Interestingly, the binding of β-LG to LA led to an increase in its thermostability, whereas its binding to OA had very little effect. The environments of the tryptophan residues in the β-LG-OA and β-LG-LA complexes were very different, with the residues being blue- and red-shifted, respectively. Furthermore, the hydrophobic regions in β-LG were buried after binding of OA, which was slightly changed in β-LG-LA. Circular dichroism results showed that β-LG-OA enhanced the tertiary structure, which was partially lost in β-LG-LA. There were more binding sites for OA than for LA on β-LG, although the binding constants of the 2 fatty acids were similar, with both acids interacting with the protein though van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions. This study could help provide a deeper understanding of the structural basis for formation of antitumor protein-fatty acid complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing 100037, China
| | - M Zhang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, School of Food Science and Chemical Engineering, Beijing 100048, China
| | - M Tian
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing 100037, China
| | - F Z Ren
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Chung SY, Mattison CP, Reed S, Wasserman RL, Desormeaux WA. Treatment with oleic acid reduces IgE binding to peanut and cashew allergens. Food Chem 2015; 180:295-300. [PMID: 25766831 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Oleic acid (OA) is known to bind and change the bioactivities of proteins, such as α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine if OA binds to allergens from a peanut extract or cashew allergen and changes their allergenic properties. Peanut extract or cashew allergen (Ana o 2) was treated with or without 5mM sodium oleate at 70°C for 60 min (T1) or under the same conditions with an additional overnight incubation at 37°C (T2). After treatment, the samples were dialyzed and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and for OA content. IgE binding was evaluated by ELISA and western blot, using a pooled serum or plasma from individuals with peanut or cashew allergies. Results showed that OA at a concentration of 5mM reduced IgE binding to the allergens. Peanut sample T2 exhibited a lower IgE binding and a higher OA content (protein-bound) than T1. Cashew allergen T2 also showed a reduction in IgE binding. We conclude that OA reduces the allergenic properties of peanut extract and cashew allergen by binding to the allergens. Our findings indicate that OA in the form of sodium oleate may be potentially useful as a coating to reduce the allergenic properties of peanut and cashew allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yin Chung
- USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | | | - Shawndrika Reed
- USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Richard L Wasserman
- Allergy Immunology Research Center of North Texas, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Kaspersen JD, Pedersen JN, Hansted JG, Nielsen SB, Sakthivel S, Wilhelm K, Nemashkalova EL, Permyakov SE, Permyakov EA, Pinto Oliveira CL, Morozova-Roche LA, Otzen DE, Pedersen JS. Generic structures of cytotoxic liprotides: nano-sized complexes with oleic acid cores and shells of disordered proteins. Chembiochem 2014; 15:2693-702. [PMID: 25403886 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic complex formed between α-lactalbumin and oleic acid (OA) has inspired many studies on protein-fatty acid complexes, but structural insight remains sparse. After having used small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to obtain structural information, we present a new, generic structural model of cytotoxic protein-oleic acid complexes, which we have termed liprotides (lipids and partially denatured proteins). Twelve liprotides formed from seven structurally unrelated proteins and prepared by different procedures all displayed core-shell structures, each with a micellar OA core and a shell consisting of flexible, partially unfolded protein, which stabilizes the OA micelle. The common structure explains similar effects exerted on cells by different liprotides and is consistent with a cargo off-loading of the OA into cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørn D Kaspersen
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C (Denmark)
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Formation of cytotoxic α-lactalbumin / sodium oleate complexes: Concentration and temperature effects. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gastric digestion of α-lactalbumin in adult human subjects using capsule endoscopy and nasogastric tube sampling. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:638-46. [PMID: 24967992 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, structural changes in the milk protein α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and its proteolysis were investigated for the potential formation of protein-fatty acid complexes during in vivo gastric digestion. Capsule endoscopy allowed visualisation of the digestion of the test drinks, with nasogastric tubes allowing sampling of the gastric contents. A total of ten healthy volunteers had nasogastric tubes inserted into the stomach and ingested test drinks containing 50 g/l of sucrose and 25 g/l of α-LA with and without 4 g/l of oleic acid (OA). The samples of gastric contents were collected for analysis at 3 min intervals. The results revealed a rapid decrease in the pH of the stomach of the subjects. The fasting pH of 2·31 (SD 1·19) increased to a pH maxima of pH 6·54 (SD 0·29) after ingestion, with a subsequent decrease to pH 2·22 (SD 1·91) after 21 min (n 8). Fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy revealed partial protein unfolding, coinciding with the decrease in pH below the isoelectric point of α-LA. The activity of pepsin in the fasting state was found to be 39 (SD 12) units/ml of gastric juice. Rapid digestion of the protein occurred: after 15 min, no native protein was detected using SDS-PAGE; HPLC revealed the presence of small amounts of native protein after 24 min of gastric digestion. Mirocam® capsule endoscopy imaging and video clips (see the online supplementary material) revealed that gastric peristalsis resulted in a heterogeneous mixture during gastric digestion. Unfolding of α-LA was observed during gastric transit; however, there was no evidence of a cytotoxic complex being formed between α-LA and OA.
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Kurylowicz M, Paulin H, Mogyoros J, Giuliani M, Dutcher JR. The effect of nanoscale surface curvature on the oligomerization of surface-bound proteins. J R Soc Interface 2014; 11:20130818. [PMID: 24573329 PMCID: PMC3973352 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of surface topography on protein conformation and association is used routinely in biological cells to orchestrate and coordinate biomolecular events. In the laboratory, controlling the surface curvature at the nanoscale offers new possibilities for manipulating protein-protein interactions and protein function at surfaces. We have studied the effect of surface curvature on the association of two proteins, α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), which perform their function at the oil-water interface in milk emulsions. To control the surface curvature at the nanoscale, we have used a combination of polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (NPs) and ultrathin PS films to fabricate chemically pure, hydrophobic surfaces that are highly curved and are stable in aqueous buffer. We have used single-molecule force spectroscopy to measure the contour lengths Lc for α-LA and β-LG adsorbed on highly curved PS surfaces (NP diameters of 27 and 50 nm, capped with a 10 nm thick PS film), and we have compared these values in situ with those measured for the same proteins adsorbed onto flat PS surfaces in the same samples. The Lc distributions for β-LG adsorbed onto a flat PS surface contain monomer and dimer peaks at 60 and 120 nm, respectively, while α-LA contains a large monomer peak near 50 nm and a dimer peak at 100 nm, with a tail extending out to 200 nm, corresponding to higher order oligomers, e.g. trimers and tetramers. When β-LG or α-LA is adsorbed onto the most highly curved surfaces, both monomer peaks are shifted to much smaller values of Lc. Furthermore, for β-LG, the dimer peak is strongly suppressed on the highly curved surface, whereas for α-LA the trimer and tetramer tail is suppressed with no significant change in the dimer peak. For both proteins, the number of higher order oligomers is significantly reduced as the curvature of the underlying surface is increased. These results suggest that the surface curvature provides a new method of manipulating protein-protein interactions and controlling the association of adsorbed proteins, with applications to the development of novel biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - J. R. Dutcher
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaN1G 2W1
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Fang B, Zhang M, Tian M, Jiang L, Guo HY, Ren FZ. Bovine lactoferrin binds oleic acid to form an anti-tumor complex similar to HAMLET. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:535-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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