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Solanki AC, Gurjar NS, Sharma S, Wang Z, Kumar A, Solanki MK, Kumar Divvela P, Yadav K, Kashyap BK. Decoding seasonal changes: soil parameters and microbial communities in tropical dry deciduous forests. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1258934. [PMID: 38440136 PMCID: PMC10910104 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1258934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In dry deciduous tropical forests, both seasons (winter and summer) offer habitats that are essential ecologically. How these seasonal changes affect soil properties and microbial communities is not yet fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of seasonal fluctuations on soil characteristics and microbial populations. The soil moisture content dramatically increases in the summer. However, the soil pH only gradually shifts from acidic to slightly neutral. During the summer, electrical conductivity (EC) values range from 0.62 to 1.03 ds m-1, in contrast to their decline in the winter. The levels of soil macronutrients and micronutrients increase during the summer, as does the quantity of soil organic carbon (SOC). A two-way ANOVA analysis reveals limited impacts of seasonal fluctuations and specific geographic locations on the amounts of accessible nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Moreover, dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, and urease activities rise in the summer, while chitinase, protease, and acid phosphatase activities are more pronounced in the winter. The soil microbes were identified in both seasons through 16S rRNA and ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) gene sequencing. Results revealed Proteobacteria and Ascomycota as predominant bacterial and fungal phyla. However, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Burkholderia are dominant bacterial genera, and Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Trichoderma are dominant fungal genera in the forest soil samples. Dominant bacterial and fungal genera may play a role in essential ecosystem services such as soil health management and nutrient cycling. In both seasons, clear relationships exist between soil properties, including pH, moisture, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and microbial diversity. Enzymatic activities and microbial shift relate positively with soil parameters. This study highlights robust soil-microbial interactions that persist mainly in the top layers of tropical dry deciduous forests in the summer and winter seasons. It provides insights into the responses of soil-microbial communities to seasonal changes, advancing our understanding of ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narendra Singh Gurjar
- Department of Soil Science and Agriculture Chemistry, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Satish Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, B. M. College of Agriculture, Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, Agricultural College, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, China
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Solanki
- Department of Life Sciences and Biological Sciences, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Kajal Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Brijendra Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zuo H, Shen H, Dong S, Wu S, He F, Zhang R, Wang Z, Shi H, Hao X, Tan Y, Ma C, Li S, Liu Y, Zhang F, Xiao J. Potential short-term effects of earthquake on the plant-soil interface in alpine grassland of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1240719. [PMID: 37915511 PMCID: PMC10616788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1240719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Earthquakes are environmental disturbances affecting ecosystem functioning, health, and biodiversity, but their potential impacts on plant-soil interface are still poorly understood. In this study, grassland habitats in areas near and away from the seismo-fault in Madou, a region typical of alpine conditions on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, were randomly selected. The impacts of earthquake on soil properties and plant nutrient content in the short term were emphasized, and their potential relationships with community diversity and productivity were examined. According to the findings of the study, the Maduo earthquake led to a decrease in soil nutrient content in alpine grassland ecosystems, especially soil TC, TN, TP, TCa, AP, AK, NH4 +-N, and SOC, and inhibited the absorption of N, Ca, and Mg nutrients by plants. In addition, the diversity and productivity of communities were affected by both direct and indirect earthquake pathways. The negative impacts of seismic fracture on soil structure had the most significant direct impact on plant community diversity. Earthquakes also indirectly reduced community productivity by reducing the soil N content and inhibiting the absorption of plant nutrients. Our findings suggested that earthquakes could potentially decrease the stability of the alpine grassland ecosystem on the QTP by affecting nutrient availability at the plant-soil interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zuo
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Shen
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shikui Dong
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Shengnan Wu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengcai He
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Shi
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghai Hao
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Youquan Tan
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhui Ma
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengmei Li
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannan Xiao
- School of Environment, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Viana RHO, Schaefer CEGR, Campos PV, Neri AV, Corrêa GR, Lolis SDEF, Rodrigues PMS. Soil-vegetation relationship in savanic formations of the Jalapão, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220097. [PMID: 37851744 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the influence of fine-scale abiotic filters on plant communities can provide important insights into floristic patterns of the Brazilian Cerrado. We aimed to evaluate the interactions of the soil and the plant community composition with their distribution in different sandy environments of Brazilian Cerrado, the Jalapão region. Eight environments were sampled, each with ten plots of 20 × 50 m. All woody individuals presenting circumference at soil height ≥ 10 cm were sampled. Subplots of 5 × 15 m were demarcated, where woody individuals with a circumference at soil height ≥ 5 and < 10 cm were sampled. Subplots of 2 × 2 m were also demarcated to sample herbaceous individuals. Soil samples varying from 0 to 20 cm of depth were collected for each plot (20 × 50 m). Overall, 20000 individuals that belong to 338 species and 76 families were sampled. The dominant family was Fabaceae. There were significant differences among the environments regarding species richness and soil. The analyzed soils are extremely poor and with a tendency to sandy texture, small chemical and/or physical variations imply differences in the distribution of vegetation. Our study revealed abiotic filters exerted crucial fine-scale effects on plant community in the Jalapão region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney H O Viana
- Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Rua 03, Quadra 17, Lote 11, s/n, Jardim dos Ipês, 77500-000 Porto Nacional, TO, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ernesto G R Schaefer
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Solos, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, Centro, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Prímula V Campos
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Solos, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, Centro, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Andreza V Neri
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Avenida PH Rolfs, s/n, Centro, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme R Corrêa
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Geografia, Avenida João Naves de Ávila, Bloco 1H, Santa Mônica, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Solange DE Fátima Lolis
- Colegiado de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Rua 03, Quadra 17, Lote 11, s/n, Jardim dos Ipês, 77500-000 Porto Nacional, TO, Brazil
| | - Priscyla Maria S Rodrigues
- Colegiado de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Avenida Tomaz Guimarães, s/n, Santos Dumond, 48970-000 Senhor do Bonfim, BA, Brazil
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Souza CR, Mariano RF, Maia VA, Pompeu PV, Santos RMD, Fontes MAL. Carbon stock and uptake in the high-elevation tropical montane forests of the threatened Atlantic Forest hotspot: Ecosystem function and effects of elevation variation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163503. [PMID: 37076012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tropical montane forests (TMF) of the threatened Atlantic Forest hotspot play an important role in providing essential ecosystem services associated with hydrological regime and biodiversity conservation. However, important ecological patterns such as those related to the woody carbon biogeochemical cycle are not yet known for these forests, especially those located at high elevations (> 1500 m. a.s.l.). Herein, we used a dataset of 60 plots (2.4 ha) of old-growth TMF sampled along a high-elevation gradient (1500-2100 m a.s.l.) and monitored in two inventories (2011 and 2016) to better understand the patterns of carbon stock and uptake of these high-elevation forests and the related environmental (soil) and elevation controls. We found differences in the carbon stock along different elevation levels (120.36-170.4C.ton.ha-1) and a carbon accumulation trend over the period along the entire gradient. Thus, forest carbon gain (3.82-5.14 ton.ha.year-1) was greater than the carbon loss (2.1-3.4 ton.ha.year-1) and resulted in a positive productivity net. In other words, the TMF acted as a carbon sink, removing carbon from the atmosphere and storing it in woody tissues. Soil variables also exert significant influences on carbon stock and uptake (significative effects of phosphorus on carbon stock and of cation exchange capacity on carbon loss), driving such patterns in isolation or in interaction with elevation. Considering the high conservation degree of the TMF monitored, our results may be indicative of a similar trend in other similar forests, but which have gone through disturbances in the more recent past. These TMF fragments have a wide occurrence in the Atlantic Forest hotspot and may also be acting or will soon act as carbon sinks in improved conservation scenarios. Thus, these forests can play an essential role in conserving ecosystem services in the region and in mitigating climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cléber R Souza
- Forest Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil; brCarbon Soluções Ambientais, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Vinícius Andrade Maia
- Forest Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Vegetation assessments under the influence of environmental variables from the Yakhtangay Hill of the Hindu-Himalayan range, North Western Pakistan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20973. [PMID: 36470895 PMCID: PMC9722792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetation structures and dynamics are the result of interactions between abiotic and biotic factors in an ecosystem. The present study was designed to investigate vegetation structure and species diversity along various environmental variables in the Yakhtangay Hills of the Hindu-Himalayan Mountain Pakistan, by using multivariate statistical analysis. Quadrat quantitative method was used for the sampling of vegetation. PC-ORD version 5 software was used to classify the vegetation into different plants communities using cluster analysis. The results of regression analysis among various edaphic variables shows that soil organic matter, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, CaCO3 and moisture contents shows a significant positive correlation with species abundance, while the soil pH has inverse relationship with plant species abundance. Similarly, species richness increases with increase in soil organic matter, CaCO3 and moisture contents, while decrease with increase in soil pH, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity (p < 0.05). The vegetation was classified into four major plant communities and their respective indicators were identified using indicator species analysis. Indicator species analysis reflects the indicators of the study area are mostly the indicators to the Himalayan or moist temperate ecosystem. These indicators could be considered for micro-habitat conservation and respective ecosystem management plans not only in the study area but also in other region with similar sort of environmental conditions.
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Asongwe GA, Bame IB, Ndam LM, Orock AE, Tellen VA, Bumtu KP, Tening AS. Influence of urbanisation on phytodiversity and some soil properties in riverine wetlands of Bamenda municipality, Cameroon. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19766. [PMID: 36396685 PMCID: PMC9671897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In urban areas, human activities result in the discharge of a variety of chemical substances into the environment. This affects soil quality, plant species diversity and human security. To suggest appropriate management strategies that ensure soil quality and human security amid urbanization, this study assessed the relationship between macrophyte diversity and some soil characteristics of wetlands that are adjacent to urban, peri-urban and rural areas in Bamenda Municipality, Cameroon. Plant communities were sampled for species composition and relative abundance, using the Braun-banquet method. Species richness was evaluated using Simpson's diversity index. Twenty-one soil samples (0-25 cm depth) were randomly collected within the wetlands and analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics using standard methods. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to group the wetlands under managing units. The dominant species ranked in order of abundance in the rural wetland were Raphia farinifera > Ludwigia hexandra > Coix spp. > Leersia hexandra > Ehchinochloa paramidelis. The Peri-urban wetland dominant species stood at Commelina bengalensis > Leersia hexandra > Cyperus distance > Ehchinochloa pyramidalis. In the Urban segment, Pennisetum purpureum > Echinochloa pyramidalis > Tithonia diversifolia > Leersia hexandra were the abundant species. The Simpson index of diversity was 0.94 for the urban and 0.96 for the peri-urban and rural sites respectively. The soils were slightly acidic with pH KCl ranging from 4.87 to 5.41. From the coefficient of variability classes, Sand, pH-H2O, pH-KCl, and Na consistently varied slightly across the three sites. Two significant clusters (management units) representing a combination of urban, and peri-urban/rural were formed from the hierarchical dendrograms. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed a significant (P < 0.05) lower exchange acidity in the rural than the urban sites indicating contamination of the urban site, reducing its macrophyte diversity. Intensification and extension of urbanisation are gradually reducing the macrophyte diversity and also contaminating the soils of the wetlands of the Bamenda municipality in Cameroon, warranting monitoring. The chemical composition of soils in the urban cluster needs early remediation by encouraging the planting and monitoring of certain plants that can already take up the elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godswill A. Asongwe
- grid.29273.3d0000 0001 2288 3199Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box-63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Irene B. Bame
- grid.425199.20000 0000 8661 8055Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), P.O. Box 51, Bambui, Bamenda, Cameroon
| | - Lawrence M. Ndam
- grid.29273.3d0000 0001 2288 3199Deparment of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Ayuk E. Orock
- grid.29273.3d0000 0001 2288 3199Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box-63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Valantine A. Tellen
- grid.29273.3d0000 0001 2288 3199Deparment of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Kamah P. Bumtu
- grid.29273.3d0000 0001 2288 3199Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. Box-63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Aaron S. Tening
- grid.29273.3d0000 0001 2288 3199Deparment of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
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Kumar D, Yadav RS, Kadam DM, Ahirwar LL, Dohare AK, Singh G. Development of bamboo- (Bambusa bambos) based bio-fence to protect field crops: Insights from a study in India's Bundelkhand region. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.943226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stray/wild animals can cause serious damages to crops, leading to accusations and counter accusations among villagers. In the Bundelkhand region of India, this problem is more severe due to “Anna Pratha,” that is, letting loose animals to open graze. Protective measures employed by farmers (barbed wire fencing, conventional fencing, etc.) are not fully effective and also require periodical maintenance, which involves additional costs and manpower. This necessitates the evolution of a cost-effective and long-term solution to minimize the problem. The current study seeks to evaluate the potential of thorny bamboo (Bambusa bambos) as a bio-fence creating deterrence to stray/wild animals at the ICAR—IISWC RC, the research farm of Datia, Madhya Pradesh, India. After 21 months of planting, bamboo plants attained the maximum plant height up to 4.47 m with the highest clump spread diameter of 30.50 cm. However, the growth of the bamboo bio-fence to be effective depends on the edaphic and management conditions. The findings revealed that planting bamboo at a distance of 80.00 cm in the continuous trench can be an effective bio-fence to avoid man–animal conflict. Huge crop losses were reported before the establishment of a bio-fence. In 2021–2022 (when bamboo plants turned into a closely spaced thicket, making a bio-fence), only two incidents of the invasion of animals were reported with no crop damage. The initial cost to develop a bamboo bio-fence was estimated at INR 5,796 for a length of 100 m. Therefore, the present study suggests that bamboo bio-fencing is an economical and effective crop protection measure against damage by wild/stray animals.
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Pires Coelho AJ, Ribeiro Matos FA, Villa PM, Heringer G, Pontara V, de Paula Almado R, Alves Meira-Neto JA. Multiple drivers influence tree species diversity and above-ground carbon stock in second-growth Atlantic forests: Implications for passive restoration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115588. [PMID: 35779299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Second-growth forests (SGF) are critical components for limiting biodiversity loss and climate change mitigation. However, these forests were established after anthropic disturbances such as land use for planting, and in highly human-modified landscapes. These interventions can decrease the ability of biological communities to recover naturally, and it is necessary to understand how multiple drivers, from local scale to landscape scale influence the diversity and carbon stock of these forests in natural regeneration. For this, we used data from 37 SGF growing on areas previously used for eucalyptus plantations in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, after the last cut cycle. For each SGF, the forest tree species diversity was calculated based on the Hills number, and we also calculated the above-ground carbon stock. Then, we evaluated the influence of multiple environmental factors on these indexes: soil properties, past-management intensity, patch configuration, and landscape composition. Little influence of soil properties was found, only soil fertility negatively influenced above-ground carbon stock. However, past-management intensity negatively influenced tree species diversity and carbon stock. The isolation of other forests and tree species propagules source distance (>500 ha) also negatively influenced the diversity of species. This is probably due to the favoring of tree pioneer species in highly human-modified landscapes because they are more tolerant of environmental changes, less dependent on animal dispersal, and have low carbon stock capacity. Thus, areas with higher past-management intensity and more isolated areas are less effective for passive restoration and may require intervention to recover tree diversity and carbon stock in the Atlantic Forest. The approach, which had not yet been applied in the Atlantic Forest, brought similar results to that found in other forests, and serves as a theoretical basis for choosing priority areas for passive restoration in the biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Josélio Pires Coelho
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants - LEEP, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Fabio Antônio Ribeiro Matos
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants - LEEP, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CEUNES/DCAB), São Mateus, Espírito Santo, 29932-540, Brazil
| | - Pedro Manuel Villa
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants - LEEP, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil; Associação para Conservação da Biodiversidade - Probiodiversa Brasil, Viçosa, Minas Gerias, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Heringer
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants - LEEP, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pontara
- Laboratório de Macroecologia e Evolução, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79240-000, Brazil
| | | | - João Augusto Alves Meira-Neto
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plants - LEEP, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus UFV, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil.
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Interpolated Stand Properties of Urban Forest Parks Account for Posted Facial Expressions of Visitors. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14073817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Posted facial expressions on social networks have been used as a gauge to assess the emotional perceptions of urban forest visitors. This approach may be limited by the randomness of visitor numbers and park locations, which may not be accounted for by the range of data in local tree inventories. Spatial interpolation can be used to predict stand characteristics and detect their relationship with posted facial expressions. Shaoguan was used as the study area where a tree inventory was used to extract data from 74 forest stands (each sized 30 m × 20 m), in which the range was increased by interpolating the stand characteristics of another 12 urban forest parks. Visitors smiled more in parks in regions with a high population or a large built-up area, where trees had strong trunks and dense canopies. People who displayed sad faces were more likely to visit parks located in regions of hilly mountains or farmlands, where soils had a greater total nitrogen concentration and organic matter. Our study illustrates a successful case in using data from a local tree inventory to predict stand characteristics of forest parks that attracted frequent visits.
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Silveira dos Santos J, Silva‐Neto CM, Castro Silva T, Nascimento Siqueira K, Ribeiro MC, Garcia Collevatti R. Landscape structure and local variables affect plant community diversity and structure in a Brazilian agricultural landscape. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Silveira dos Santos
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, GO Brazil
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC), Department of Biodiversity São Paulo State University, UNESP Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista Rio Claro SP 13506‐752 Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Castro Silva
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado Universidade Estadual de Goiás Anápolis, GO Brazil
| | | | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC), Department of Biodiversity São Paulo State University, UNESP Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista Rio Claro SP 13506‐752 Brazil
| | - Rosane Garcia Collevatti
- Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, GO Brazil
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Gargallo-Garriga A, Sardans J, Alrefaei AF, Klem K, Fuchslueger L, Ramírez-Rojas I, Donald J, Leroy C, Langenhove LV, Verbruggen E, Janssens IA, Urban O, Peñuelas J. Tree Species and Epiphyte Taxa Determine the " Metabolomic niche" of Canopy Suspended Soils in a Species-Rich Lowland Tropical Rainforest. Metabolites 2021; 11:718. [PMID: 34822376 PMCID: PMC8621298 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests are biodiversity hotspots, but it is not well understood how this diversity is structured and maintained. One hypothesis rests on the generation of a range of metabolic niches, with varied composition, supporting a high species diversity. Characterizing soil metabolomes can reveal fine-scale differences in composition and potentially help explain variation across these habitats. In particular, little is known about canopy soils, which are unique habitats that are likely to be sources of additional biodiversity and biogeochemical cycling in tropical forests. We studied the effects of diverse tree species and epiphytes on soil metabolomic profiles of forest floor and canopy suspended soils in a French Guianese rainforest. We found that the metabolomic profiles of canopy suspended soils were distinct from those of forest floor soils, differing between epiphyte-associated and non-epiphyte suspended soils, and the metabolomic profiles of suspended soils varied with host tree species, regardless of association with epiphyte. Thus, tree species is a key driver of rainforest suspended soil metabolomics. We found greater abundance of metabolites in suspended soils, particularly in groups associated with plants, such as phenolic compounds, and with metabolic pathways related to amino acids, nucleotides, and energy metabolism, due to the greater relative proportion of tree and epiphyte organic material derived from litter and root exudates, indicating a strong legacy of parent biological material. Our study provides evidence for the role of tree and epiphyte species in canopy soil metabolomic composition and in maintaining the high levels of soil metabolome diversity in this tropical rainforest. It is likely that a wide array of canopy microsite-level environmental conditions, which reflect interactions between trees and epiphytes, increase the microscale diversity in suspended soil metabolomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gargallo-Garriga
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (K.K.); (O.U.)
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain;
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (K.K.); (O.U.)
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain;
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Abdulwahed Fahad Alrefaei
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Karel Klem
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Lucia Fuchslueger
- Centre of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (I.R.-R.); (L.V.L.); (E.V.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Irene Ramírez-Rojas
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (I.R.-R.); (L.V.L.); (E.V.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Julian Donald
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK;
| | - Celine Leroy
- AMAP, University Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France;
- ECOFOG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310 Kourou, France
| | - Leandro Van Langenhove
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (I.R.-R.); (L.V.L.); (E.V.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (I.R.-R.); (L.V.L.); (E.V.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (I.R.-R.); (L.V.L.); (E.V.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Bělidla 986/4a, CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.S.); (K.K.); (O.U.)
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Bellaterra, 08193 Catalonia, Spain;
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain
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12
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Feng G, Huang J, Xu Y, Li J, Zang R. Disentangling Environmental Effects on the Tree Species Abundance Distribution and Richness in a Subtropical Forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:622043. [PMID: 33828571 PMCID: PMC8020568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.622043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a transitional vegetation type between evergreen broadleaved forest and deciduous broadleaved forest, evergreen-deciduous broadleaved mixed forest is composed of diverse plant species. This distinctive forest is generally distributed in mountainous areas with complex landforms and heterogeneous microenvironments. However, little is known about the roles of environmental conditions in driving the species diversity patterns of this forest. Here, based on a 15-ha plot in central China, we aimed to understand how and to what extent topographical characteristics and soil nutrients regulate the number and relative abundance of tree species in this forest. We measured environmental factors (terrain convexity, slope, soil total nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations) and species diversity (species abundance distribution and species richness) in 20 m × 20 m subplots. Species abundance distribution was characterized by skewness, Berger-Parker index, and the proportion of singletons. The generalized additive model was used to examine the variations in diversity patterns caused by environmental factors. The structural equation model was used to assess whether and how topographical characteristics regulate species diversity via soil nutrients. We found that soil nutrients had significant negative effects on species richness and positive effects on all metrics of species abundance distribution. Convexity had significant positive effects on species richness and negative effects on all metrics of species abundance distribution, but these effects were mostly mediated by soil nutrients. Slope had significant negative effects on skewness and the Berger-Parker index, and these effects were almost independent of soil nutrients. Soil nutrients and topographical characteristics together accounted for 9.5-17.1% of variations in diversity patterns and, respectively, accounted for 8.9-13.9% and 3.3-10.7% of the variations. We concluded that soil nutrients were more important than topographical factors in regulating species diversity. Increased soil nutrient concentration led to decreased taxonomic diversity and increased species dominance and rarity. Convexity could be a better proxy for soil nutrients than slope. Moreover, these abiotic factors played limited roles in regulating diversity patterns, and it is possible that the observed patterns are also driven by some biotic and abiotic factors not considered here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqing Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Runguo Zang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Abbas S, Nichol JE, Zhang J, Fischer GA, Wong MS, Irteza SM. Spatial and environmental constraints on natural forest regeneration in the degraded landscape of Hong Kong. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141760. [PMID: 32890826 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical forests are the main reservoirs for global biodiversity and climate control. As secondary forests are now more widespread than primary forests, understanding their functioning and role in the biosphere is increasingly important. This includes understanding how they achieve stability, how they accumulate species and build biodiversity and how they cycle nutrients and carbon. This study investigates how we can restore tropical secondary forests to resemble high biomass, highly biodiverse and stable ecosystems seen today only in primary, undisturbed forests. The study used historic aerial photographs and recent high-resolution satellite images from 1945 to 2014 to map forest patches with five age categories, from 14-years to over 70-years, in Hong Kong's degraded tropical landscape. A forest inventory comprising 28 quadrats provided a rare opportunity to relate patterns of species composition at different stages during the succession with topographic and soil characteristics. The topographic variables accounted for 15% of the variance in species abundance, and age of forest stands explained 29%. Species richness rapidly increased after the first 15 years, but was lower in old-growth, than in medium age forest. This is attributed to the inability of late-successional species to disperse into the young forests as the natural dispersal agents (birds, mammals) have been lost. Light-loving pioneers which are unable to tolerate the shade of older forests, cannot regenerate in their own shade, therefore species diversity declines after a few decades. For ecosystem restoration in tropical secondary forests, introduction of late-successional species is necessary to assist natural succession, given the absence of native fauna, seed dispersal agents, and the surrounding altered environment. We also show that remote sensing can play a pivotal role in understanding the recovery and functioning of secondary forest regeneration as its contribution to the biosphere is increasingly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawaid Abbas
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Janet E Nichol
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Geography, School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, UK.
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Flora Conservation Department, Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gunter A Fischer
- Flora Conservation Department, Kadoorie Farm & Botanic Garden, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Sing Wong
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China; Research Institute for Sustainable Urban Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Syed M Irteza
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
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14
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Bomfim B, Silva LCR, Pereira RS, Gatto A, Emmert F, Higuchi N. Litter and soil biogeochemical parameters as indicators of sustainable logging in Central Amazonia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136780. [PMID: 32018968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One-fourth of Brazilian Amazonia is managed for timber production, but only a small portion of active logging sites follow sustainable forest management plans (SFMPs). Amazon forests without SFMPs are susceptible to deforestation because such plans integrate the use of forest products and conservation goals by allowing selective wood extraction following regulations aimed at reducing the long-term impact of logging. However, it remains uncertain whether reduced-impact selective logging typical of SFMPs (17-20 m3 ha-1 yr-1 of 38-70 species) changes forest regeneration, carbon (C) stocks, and nutrient cycling. Here, we tested the hypothesis that litter and soil biogeochemical parameters serve as indicators of sustainable logging as forest regeneration, C stocks, and C-to-nutrient ratios in soil and litter become progressively similar to those of primary forests as time elapses after logging. We used a chronosequence spanning nine years since logging to relate litter and soil (at 0-10, 10-30, 30-50 cm depth) C stocks and 12 and 15 biogeochemical parameters, respectively, as well as canopy cover and tree seedling density (10-150 cm tall) in upland evergreen Amazon forests. In one unlogged and four logged stands sampled three, five, seven, and nine years after logging, we compared 15 permanent plots (three replicated 0.5 ha plots per time-since-logging category). We found that five parameters explained >80% of the variation in soil and litter properties among logged and unlogged stands. Litter parameters were more sensitive to logging than soil parameters, as litter C stocks and C-to-nutrient ratios increased systematically after logging. Canopy cover decreased over time and was ~14% lower nine years after logging. Total seedling density did not change consistently over time but was ~54% higher seven years after logging. Our data suggest that the SFMP guidelines have served the purpose of maintaining soil quality and forest regeneration. Litter and soil parameters can be useful indicators of sustainable forest management in upland evergreen forests in Central Amazonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bomfim
- Environmental Studies Program, Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA; Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Lucas C R Silva
- Environmental Studies Program, Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Reginaldo S Pereira
- Environmental Studies Program, Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Alcides Gatto
- Environmental Studies Program, Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Fabiano Emmert
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Rural do Amazonas, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Niro Higuchi
- Laboratório de Manejo Florestal, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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15
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González‐M. R, Norden N, Posada JM, Pizano C, García H, Idárraga‐Piedrahita Á, López‐Camacho R, Nieto J, Rodríguez-M GM, Torres AM, Castaño‐Naranjo A, Jurado R, Franke‐Ante R, Galindo-T R, Hernández R. E, Barbosa A, Salgado‐Negret B. Climate severity and land‐cover transformation determine plant community attributes in Colombian dry forests. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy González‐M.
- Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Bogotá Colombia
- Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Universidad del Rosario Bogotá Colombia
| | - Natalia Norden
- Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Bogotá Colombia
| | - Juan M. Posada
- Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Universidad del Rosario Bogotá Colombia
| | - Camila Pizano
- Departamento de Biología Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Icesi Cali Colombia
| | - Hernando García
- Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Bogotá Colombia
| | - Álvaro Idárraga‐Piedrahita
- Instituto de Biología Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia
- Fundación Jardín Botánico de Medellin Medellín Colombia
| | - René López‐Camacho
- Proyecto Curricular de Ingeniería Forestal Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas Bogotá Colombia
| | - Jhon Nieto
- Programa Ciencias de la Biodiversidad Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt Bogotá Colombia
| | | | - Alba M. Torres
- Departamento de Biología Universidad de Valle Cali Colombia
| | | | - Rubén Jurado
- Asociación GAICA Pasto Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Evolutiva - GIEE Universidad de Nariño Pasto Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Adriana Barbosa
- Subdirección de Ecosistemas e Información Ambiental Instituto de Hidrología Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales Bogotá Colombia
| | - Beatriz Salgado‐Negret
- Departamento de Biología Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biología Universidad del Norte Barranquilla Colombia
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16
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Tropical Dry Forest Diversity, Climatic Response, and Resilience in a Changing Climate. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10050443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Central and South America tropical dry forest (TDF) is a water-limited biome with a high number of endemic species and numerous ecosystem services which has experienced a boom in research in the last decade. Although the number of case studies across these seasonal, water-limited, tropical forests has increased, there has not been a comprehensive review to assess the physiological variability of this biome across the continent and assess how these forests respond to climatic variables. Additionally, understanding forest change and resilience under climatic variability, currently and in the future, is essential for assessing the future extent and health of forests in the future. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to provide a literature review on the variability of TDF diversity and structure across a latitudinal gradient and to assess how these components respond to differences in climatic variables across this geographic area. We first assess the current state of understanding of the structure, biomass, phenological cycles, and successional stages across the latitudinal gradient. We subsequently review the response of these five areas to differences in precipitation, temperature, and extreme weather events, such as droughts and hurricanes. We find that there is a range of adaptability to precipitation, with many areas exhibiting drought tolerance except under the most extreme circumstances, while being susceptible to damage from increased extreme precipitation events. Finally, we use this climatic response to provide a commentary on the projected resilience of TDFs under climatic changes, finding a likelihood of resilience under drying scenarios, although model projections do not agree on the magnitude or direction of precipitation change. This review of quantitative studies will provide more concrete details on the current diversity that encompasses the TDF, the natural climatic ranges under which this ecosystem can survive and thrive, and can help inform future forest management practices under climate change scenarios.
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17
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Yuan Z, Ali A, Jucker T, Ruiz-Benito P, Wang S, Jiang L, Wang X, Lin F, Ye J, Hao Z, Loreau M. Multiple abiotic and biotic pathways shape biomass demographic processes in temperate forests. Ecology 2019; 100:e02650. [PMID: 30742311 PMCID: PMC6849813 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Forests play a key role in regulating the global carbon cycle, and yet the abiotic and biotic conditions that drive the demographic processes that underpin forest carbon dynamics remain poorly understood in natural ecosystems. To address this knowledge gap, we used repeat forest inventory data from 92,285 trees across four large permanent plots (4–25 ha in size) in temperate mixed forests in northeast China to ask the following questions: (1) How do soil conditions and stand age drive biomass demographic processes? (2) How do vegetation quality (i.e., functional trait diversity and composition) and quantity (i.e., initial biomass stocks) influence biomass demographic processes independently from soil conditions and stand age? (3) What is the relative contribution of growth, recruitment, and mortality to net biomass change? Using structural equation modeling, we showed that all three demographic processes were jointly constrained by multiple abiotic and biotic factors and that mortality was the strongest determinant on net biomass change over time. Growth and mortality, as well as functional trait diversity and the community‐weighted mean of specific leaf area (CWMSLA), declined with stand age. By contrast, high soil phosphorous concentrations were associated with greater functional diversity and faster dynamics (i.e., high growth and mortality rates), but associated with lower CWMSLA and initial biomass stock. More functionally diverse communities also had higher recruitment rates, but did not exhibit faster growth and mortality. Instead, initial biomass stocks and CWMSLA were stronger predictors of biomass growth and mortality, respectively. By integrating the full spectrum of abiotic and biotic drivers of forest biomass dynamics, our study provides critical system‐level insights needed to predict the possible consequences of regional changes in forest diversity, composition, structure and function in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoqiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong, China
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- CSIRO Land and Water, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, Washington, 6014, Australia
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Edificio de Ciencias, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares Madrid, Spain
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Xugao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Fei Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Ji Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, 09200, Moulis, France
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18
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Shenkin A, Bolker B, Peña-Claros M, Licona JC, Ascarrunz N, Putz FE. Interactive effects of tree size, crown exposure and logging on drought-induced mortality. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2018.0189. [PMID: 30297480 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Large trees in the tropics are reportedly more vulnerable to droughts than their smaller neighbours. This pattern is of interest due to what it portends for forest structure, timber production, carbon sequestration and multiple other values given that intensified El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are expected to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts in the Amazon region. What remains unclear is what characteristics of large trees render them especially vulnerable to drought-induced mortality and how this vulnerability changes with forest degradation. Using a large-scale, long-term silvicultural experiment in a transitional Amazonian forest in Bolivia, we disentangle the effects of stem diameter, tree height, crown exposure and logging-induced degradation on risks of drought-induced mortality during the 2004/2005 ENSO event. Overall, tree mortality increased in response to drought in both logged and unlogged plots. Tree height was a much stronger predictor of mortality than stem diameter. In unlogged plots, tree height but not crown exposure was positively associated with drought-induced mortality, whereas in logged plots, neither tree height nor crown exposure was associated with drought-induced mortality. Our results suggest that, at the scale of a site, hydraulic factors related to tree height, not air humidity, are a cause of elevated drought-induced mortality of large trees in unlogged plots.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Shenkin
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA .,Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Benjamin Bolker
- Departments of Mathematics & Statistics and Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada 8S 4K1
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Carlos Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Casilla 6204, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Nataly Ascarrunz
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigacion Forestal (IBIF), Casilla 6204, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Francis E Putz
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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19
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Salas-Morales SH, González EJ, Meave JA. Canopy height variation and environmental heterogeneity in the tropical dry forests of coastal Oaxaca, Mexico. Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia H. Salas-Morales
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán Mexico City 04510 Mexico
- Sociedad para el Estudio de los Recursos Bióticos de Oaxaca; Asociación Civil; Camino Nacional # 80-b, San Sebastián Tutla 71246 Oaxaca Mexico
| | - Edgar J. González
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán Mexico City 04510 Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Meave
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán Mexico City 04510 Mexico
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20
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Gaviria J, Turner BL, Engelbrecht BMJ. Drivers of tree species distribution across a tropical rainfall gradient. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Gaviria
- Department of Plant Ecology; Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER); University of Bayreuth; 95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Benjamin L. Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado 0843-03092 Balboa Ancón Panama
| | - Bettina M. J. Engelbrecht
- Department of Plant Ecology; Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER); University of Bayreuth; 95447 Bayreuth Germany
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Apartado 0843-03092 Balboa Ancón Panama
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21
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de Souza Pereira JJ, Pereira ADPC, Jandú JJB, da Paz JA, Crovella S, dos Santos Correia MT, de Azevêdo Silva J. Commiphora leptophloeos Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Characterization. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:52. [PMID: 28174564 PMCID: PMC5258698 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Commiphora leptophloeos is a plant specie usually known for its medicinal purposes in local communities in Northeast Brazil. In order to evaluate its therapeutic potential, we aimed to determine the phytochemical and antimicrobial properties of C. leptophloeos extracts. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was able to detect the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and reducing sugars. Three phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC and described as Gallic, Chlorogenic and Protocatechuic acids. On the other hand, H1NMR analysis revealed the presence of hinokinin, a bioactive lignan further characterized in the present work. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for hinokinin ranged from 0.0485 to 3.125 mg/mL in different S. aureus clinical isolates and showed a bactericidal activity against MRSA isolated from blood (MMC 0.40 mg/mL) and postoperative secretion (MMC = 3.125 mg/mL). C. leptophloeos extracts also showed antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium species such as M. smegmatis (MIC = 12.5 mg/mL) and M. tuberculosis (MIC = 52 mg/mL). Additionally, we determined the toxicity of C. leptophloeos by in vitro HC50 tests with hemolytic activity detected of 313 ± 0.5 μg/mL. Our results showed that C. leptophloeos possesses inhibitory properties against MRSA as well as several other clinically important microorganisms. Furthermore, the present work is the first report of the presence of hinokinin in Commiphora genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J. de Souza Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of PernambucoRecife, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | - Aline de P. C. Pereira
- Laboratory of Glycoproteins, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | - Jannyson J. B. Jandú
- Laboratory of Glycoproteins, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | - Josinete A. da Paz
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of PernambucoRecife, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of PernambucoRecife, Brazil
| | | | - Jaqueline de Azevêdo Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of PernambucoRecife, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of PernambucoRecife, Brazil
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Gautam MK, Manhas RK, Tripathi AK. Overstory structure and soil nutrients effect on plant diversity in unmanaged moist tropical forest. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Patterns of diversity and regeneration in unmanaged moist deciduous forests in response to disturbance in Shiwalik Himalayas, India. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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van der Sande MT, Arets EJMM, Peña-Claros M, de Avila AL, Roopsind A, Mazzei L, Ascarrunz N, Finegan B, Alarcón A, Cáceres-Siani Y, Licona JC, Ruschel A, Toledo M, Poorter L. Old-growth Neotropical forests are shifting in species and trait composition. ECOL MONOGR 2016. [DOI: 10.1890/15-1815.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masha T. van der Sande
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University; PO Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
- Alterra; Wageningen University and Research Centre; PO Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal; Km 9 al Norte, El Vallecito Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental; Travessa Enéas Pinheiro, S/N° 100 Belém CEP 66095 Pará Brazil
| | - Eric J. M. M. Arets
- Alterra; Wageningen University and Research Centre; PO Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University; PO Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Angela Luciana de Avila
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources; Chair of Silviculture; University of Freiburg; Tennenbacher Strasse 4 79085 Freiburg Germany
| | - Anand Roopsind
- Department of Biology; University of Florida; P.O. 118526, 511 Bartram Hall Gainesville Florida 32611-8526 USA
| | - Lucas Mazzei
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental; Travessa Enéas Pinheiro, S/N° 100 Belém CEP 66095 Pará Brazil
| | - Nataly Ascarrunz
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal; Km 9 al Norte, El Vallecito Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia
| | - Bryan Finegan
- Production and Conservation in Forests Programme CATIE; Turrialba Costa Rica
| | - Alfredo Alarcón
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal; Km 9 al Norte, El Vallecito Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia
| | | | - Juan Carlos Licona
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal; Km 9 al Norte, El Vallecito Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia
| | - Ademir Ruschel
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental; Travessa Enéas Pinheiro, S/N° 100 Belém CEP 66095 Pará Brazil
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal; Km 9 al Norte, El Vallecito Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University; PO Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
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Vlam M, van der Sleen P, Groenendijk P, Zuidema PA. Tree Age Distributions Reveal Large-Scale Disturbance-Recovery Cycles in Three Tropical Forests. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1984. [PMID: 28105034 PMCID: PMC5214098 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades there has been a growing realization that a large share of apparently 'virgin' or 'old-growth' tropical forests carries a legacy of past natural or anthropogenic disturbances that have a substantial effect on present-day forest composition, structure and dynamics. Yet, direct evidence of such disturbances is scarce and comparisons of disturbance dynamics across regions even more so. Here we present a tree-ring based reconstruction of disturbance histories from three tropical forest sites in Bolivia, Cameroon, and Thailand. We studied temporal patterns in tree regeneration of shade-intolerant tree species, because establishment of these trees is indicative for canopy disturbance. In three large areas (140-300 ha), stem disks and increment cores were collected for a total of 1154 trees (>5 cm diameter) from 12 tree species to estimate the age of every tree. Using these age estimates we produced population age distributions, which were analyzed for evidence of past disturbance. Our approach allowed us to reconstruct patterns of tree establishment over a period of around 250 years. In Bolivia, we found continuous regeneration rates of three species and a peaked age distribution of a long-lived pioneer species. In both Cameroon and Thailand we found irregular age distributions, indicating strongly reduced regeneration rates over a period of 10-60 years. Past fires, windthrow events or anthropogenic disturbances all provide plausible explanations for the reported variation in tree age across the three sites. Our results support the recent idea that the long-term dynamics of tropical forests are impacted by large-scale disturbance-recovery cycles, similar to those driving temperate forest dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mart Vlam
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Mart Vlam,
| | - Peter van der Sleen
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen, Netherlands
- Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Port AransasTX, USA
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalSanta Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Peter Groenendijk
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen, Netherlands
- Departamento de Botánica, Escola Politécnica Superior, Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaLugo, Spain
| | - Pieter A. Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen, Netherlands
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Carreño-Rocabado G, Peña-Claros M, Bongers F, Díaz S, Quetier F, Chuviña J, Poorter L. Land-use intensification effects on functional properties in tropical plant communities. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 26:174-189. [PMID: 27039518 DOI: 10.1890/14-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is consensus that plant diversity and ecosystem processes are negatively affected by land-use intensification (LUI), but, at the same time, there is empirical evidence that a large heterogeneity can be found in the responses. This heterogeneity is especially poorly understood in tropical ecosystems. We evaluated changes in community functional properties across five common land-use types in the wet tropics with different land-use intensity: mature forest, logged forest, secondary forest, agricultural land, and pastureland, located in the lowlands of Bolivia. For the dominant plant species, we measured 12 functional response traits related to their life history, acquisition and conservation of resources, plant domestication, and breeding. We used three single-trait metrics to describe community functional properties: community abundance-weighted mean (CWM) traits values, coefficient of variation, and kurtosis of distribution. The CWM of all 12 traits clearly responded to LUI. Overall, we found that an increase in LUI resulted in communities dominated by plants with acquisitive leaf trait values. However, contrary to our expectations, secondary forests had more conservative trait values (i.e., lower specific leaf area) than mature and logged forest, probably because they were dominated by palm species. Functional variation peaked at intermediate land-use intensity (high coefficient of variation and low kurtosis), which included secondary forest but, unexpectedly, also agricultural land, which is an intensely managed system. The high functional variation of these systems is due to a combination of how response traits (and species) are filtered out by biophysical filters and how management practices introduced a range of exotic species and their trait values into the local species pool. Our results showed that, at local scales and depending on prevailing environmental and management practices, LUI does not necessarily result in communities with more acquisitive trait values or with less functional variation. Instead of the widely expected negative impacts of LUI on plant diversity, we found varying responses of functional variation, with possible repercussions on many ecosystem services. These findings provide a background for actively mitigating negative effects of LUI while meeting the needs of local communities that rely mainly on provisioning ecosystem services for their livelihoods.
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van der Sleen P, Vlam M, Groenendijk P, Anten NPR, Bongers F, Bunyavejchewin S, Hietz P, Pons TL, Zuidema PA. (15)N in tree rings as a bio-indicator of changing nitrogen cycling in tropical forests: an evaluation at three sites using two sampling methods. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:229. [PMID: 25914707 PMCID: PMC4390989 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition is currently causing a more than twofold increase of reactive nitrogen input over large areas in the tropics. Elevated (15)N abundance (δ(15)N) in the growth rings of some tropical trees has been hypothesized to reflect an increased leaching of (15)N-depleted nitrate from the soil, following anthropogenic nitrogen deposition over the last decades. To find further evidence for altered nitrogen cycling in tropical forests, we measured long-term δ(15)N values in trees from Bolivia, Cameroon, and Thailand. We used two different sampling methods. In the first, wood samples were taken in a conventional way: from the pith to the bark across the stem of 28 large trees (the "radial" method). In the second, δ(15)N values were compared across a fixed diameter (the "fixed-diameter" method). We sampled 400 trees that differed widely in size, but measured δ(15)N in the stem around the same diameter (20 cm dbh) in all trees. As a result, the growth rings formed around this diameter differed in age and allowed a comparison of δ(15)N values over time with an explicit control for potential size-effects on δ(15)N values. We found a significant increase of tree-ring δ(15)N across the stem radius of large trees from Bolivia and Cameroon, but no change in tree-ring δ(15)N values over time was found in any of the study sites when controlling for tree size. This suggests that radial trends of δ(15)N values within trees reflect tree ontogeny (size development). However, for the trees from Cameroon and Thailand, a low statistical power in the fixed-diameter method prevents to conclude this with high certainty. For the trees from Bolivia, statistical power in the fixed-diameter method was high, showing that the temporal trend in tree-ring δ(15)N values in the radial method is primarily caused by tree ontogeny and unlikely by a change in nitrogen cycling. We therefore stress to account for tree size before tree-ring δ(15)N values can be properly interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter van der Sleen
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, University of WageningenWageningen, Netherlands
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación ForestalSanta Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
| | - Mart Vlam
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, University of WageningenWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Groenendijk
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, University of WageningenWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Niels P. R. Anten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, University of WageningenWageningen, Netherlands
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, University of WageningenWageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Hietz
- Institut für Botanik, University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesVienna, Austria
| | - Thijs L. Pons
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Zuidema
- Forest Ecology and Management Group, University of WageningenWageningen, Netherlands
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Nogueira EM, Yanai AM, Fonseca FOR, Fearnside PM. Carbon stock loss from deforestation through 2013 in Brazilian Amazonia. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2015; 21:1271-92. [PMID: 25380507 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The largest carbon stock in tropical vegetation is in Brazilian Amazonia. In this ~5 million km(2) area, over 750,000 km(2) of forest and ~240,000 km(2) of nonforest vegetation types had been cleared through 2013. We estimate current carbon stocks and cumulative gross carbon loss from clearing of premodern vegetation in Brazil's 'Legal Amazonia' and 'Amazonia biome' regions. Biomass of 'premodern' vegetation (prior to major increases in disturbance beginning in the 1970s) was estimated by matching vegetation classes mapped at a scale of 1 : 250,000 and 29 biomass means from 41 published studies for vegetation types classified as forest (2317 1-ha plots) and as either nonforest or contact zones (1830 plots and subplots of varied size). Total biomass (above and below-ground, dry weight) underwent a gross reduction of 18.3% in Legal Amazonia (13.1 Pg C) and 16.7% in the Amazonia biome (11.2 Pg C) through 2013, excluding carbon loss from the effects of fragmentation, selective logging, fires, mortality induced by recent droughts and clearing of forest regrowth. In spite of the loss of carbon from clearing, large amounts of carbon were stored in stands of remaining vegetation in 2013, equivalent to 149 Mg C ha(-1) when weighted by the total area covered by each vegetation type in Legal Amazonia. Native vegetation in Legal Amazonia in 2013 originally contained 58.6 Pg C, while that in the Amazonia biome contained 56 Pg C. Emissions per unit area from clearing could potentially be larger in the future because previously cleared areas were mainly covered by vegetation with lower mean biomass than the remaining vegetation. Estimates of original biomass are essential for estimating losses to forest degradation. This study offers estimates of cumulative biomass loss, as well as estimates of premodern carbon stocks that have not been represented in recent estimates of deforestation impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euler Melo Nogueira
- Department of Environmental Dynamics, National Institute for Research in Amazonia (INPA), Av. André Araújo no 2936, Manaus, Amazonas, CEP 69 067-375, Brazil
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Quintero-Vallejo E, Klomberg Y, Bongers F, Poorter L, Toledo M, Peña-Claros M. Amazonian Dark Earth Shapes the Understory Plant Community in a Bolivian Forest. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Estela Quintero-Vallejo
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University and Research Centre; P.O. Box 47,6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF); P.O. Box 6204 Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia
| | - Yannick Klomberg
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University and Research Centre; P.O. Box 47,6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF); P.O. Box 6204 Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia
| | - Frans Bongers
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University and Research Centre; P.O. Box 47,6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University and Research Centre; P.O. Box 47,6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Marisol Toledo
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF); P.O. Box 6204 Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas; Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno, Km 9 Carretera al Norte; Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University and Research Centre; P.O. Box 47,6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF); P.O. Box 6204 Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia
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Poorter L, McNeil A, Hurtado VH, Prins HHT, Putz FE. Bark traits and life-history strategies of tropical dry- and moist forest trees. Funct Ecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lourens Poorter
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF); P.O. Box 6204 Santa Cruz Bolivia
- Resource Ecology Group; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Adam McNeil
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF); P.O. Box 6204 Santa Cruz Bolivia
- School of Natural Sciences & Mathematics; Ferrum College; 212 Garber Hall Ferrum VA 24088 USA
| | - Victor-Hugo Hurtado
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF); P.O. Box 6204 Santa Cruz Bolivia
| | - Herbert H. T. Prins
- Resource Ecology Group; Wageningen University; P.O. Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
- School of Biological and Conservation Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; ZA-3209 Scottsville South Africa
| | - Francis E. Putz
- Department of Biology; University of Florida; P.O. Box 118526 Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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Soil texture and altitude, respectively, largely determine the floristic gradient of the most diverse fog oasis in the Peruvian desert. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467413000436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Studying species turnover along gradients is a key topic in tropical ecology. Crucial drivers, among others, are fog deposition and soil properties. In northern Peru, a fog-dependent vegetation formation develops on mountains along the hyper-arid coast. Despite their uniqueness, these fog oases are largely uninvestigated. This study addresses the influence of environmental factors on the vegetation of these unique fog oases. Accordingly, vegetation and soil properties were recorded on 66 4 × 4-m plots along an altitudinal gradient ranging from 200 to 950 m asl. Ordination and modelling techniques were used to study altitudinal vegetation belts and floristic composition. Four vegetation belts were identified: a low-elevation Tillandsia belt, a herbaceous belt, a bromeliad belt showing highest species richness and an uppermost succulent belt. Different altitudinal levels might reflect water availability, which is highest below the temperature inversion at around 700 m asl. Altitude alone explained 96% of the floristic composition. Soil texture and salinity accounted for 88%. This is in contrast with more humid tropical ecosystems where soil nutrients appear to be more important. Concluding, this study advances the understanding of tropical gradients in fog-dependent and ENSO-affected ecosystems.
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Neotropical primary productivity affects biomass of the leaf-litter herpetofaunal assemblage. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467412000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:Soil fertility and plant productivity are known to vary across the Amazon Basin partially as a function of geomorphology and age of soils. Using data on herpetofaunal abundance collected from 5 × 5 m and 6 × 6 m plots in mature tropical forests, we tested whether variation in community biomass of litter frogs and lizards across ten Neotropical sites could be explained by cation exchange capacity, primary productivity or stem turnover rate. About half of the variation in frog biomass (48%) could be attributed to stem turnover rate, while over two-thirds of the variation in lizard biomass (69%) was explained by primary productivity. Biomass variation in frogs resulted from variation in abundance and size, and abundance was related to cation exchange capacity (45% of variation explained), but size was not. Lizard biomass across sites varied mostly with individual lizard size, but not with abundance, and size was highly dependent on primary productivity (85% of variation explained). Soil fertility and plant productivity apparently affect secondary consumers like frogs and lizards through food webs, as biomass is transferred from plants to herbivorous arthropods to secondary consumers.
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