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Vilà-Cabrera A, Astigarraga J, Jump AS, Zavala MA, Seijo F, Sperlich D, Ruiz-Benito P. Anthropogenic land-use legacies underpin climate change-related risks to forest ecosystems. Trends Plant Sci 2023; 28:1132-1143. [PMID: 37263916 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Forest ecosystems with long-lasting human imprints can emerge worldwide as outcomes of land-use cessation. However, the interaction of these anthropogenic legacies with climate change impacts on forests is not well understood. Here, we set out how anthropogenic land-use legacies that persist in forest properties, following alterations in forest distribution, structure, and composition, can interact with climate change stressors. We propose a risk-based framework to identify anthropogenic legacies of land uses in forest ecosystems and quantify the impact of their interaction with climate-related stress on forest responses. Considering anthropogenic land-use legacies alongside environmental drivers of forest ecosystem dynamics will improve our predictive capacity of climate-related risks to forests and our ability to promote ecosystem resilience to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Vilà-Cabrera
- CREAF, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain; Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK; Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julen Astigarraga
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alistair S Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Miguel A Zavala
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Seijo
- Instituto de Empresa, School of Global and Public Affairs, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dominik Sperlich
- Department of Forestry Economics and Forest Planning, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Investigación en Teledetección Ambiental, Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Lázaro-Lobo A, Ruiz-Benito P, Cruz-Alonso V, Castro-Díez P. Quantifying carbon storage and sequestration by native and non-native forests under contrasting climate types. Glob Chang Biol 2023. [PMID: 37287121 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Non-native trees may have significant impacts on the carbon sink capacity of forested lands. However, large-scale patterns of the relative capacity of native and non-native forests to uptake and store carbon remain poorly described in the literature, and this information is urgently needed to support management decisions. In this study, we analyzed 17,065 plots from the Spanish Forest Inventory (covering c. 30 years) to quantify carbon storage and sequestration of natural forests and plantations of native and non-native trees under contrasting climate types, while controlling for the effects of environmental factors (forest structure, climate, soil, topography, and management). We found that forest origin (non-native vs. native) highly influenced carbon storage and sequestration, but such effect was dependent on climate. Carbon storage was greater in non-native than in native forests in both wet and dry climates. Non-native forests also had greater carbon sequestration than native ones in the wet climate, due to higher carbon gains by tree growth. However, in the dry climate, native forests had greater carbon gains by tree ingrowth and lower carbon loss by tree mortality than non-native ones. Furthermore, forest type (classified by the dominant species) and natural forests versus tree plantations were important determinants of carbon storage and sequestration. Native and non-native Pinus spp. forests had low carbon storage, whereas non-native Eucalyptus spp. forests and native Quercus spp., Fagus sylvatica, and Eurosiberian mixed forests (especially not planted ones) had high carbon storage. Carbon sequestration was greatest in Eucalyptus globulus, Quercus ilex, and Pinus pinaster forests. Overall, our findings suggest that the relative capacity of native and non-native forests to uptake and store carbon depends on climate, and that the superiority of non-native forests over native ones in terms of carbon sequestration declines as the abiotic filters become stronger (i.e., lower water availability and higher climate seasonality).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Lázaro-Lobo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB), CSIC-University of Oviedo-Principality of Asturias, Mieres, Spain
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Verónica Cruz-Alonso
- Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Castro-Díez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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3
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Barrere J, Reineking B, Cordonnier T, Kulha N, Honkaniemi J, Peltoniemi M, Korhonen KT, Ruiz-Benito P, Zavala MA, Kunstler G. Functional traits and climate drive interspecific differences in disturbance-induced tree mortality. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:2836-2851. [PMID: 36757005 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
With climate change, natural disturbances such as storm or fire are reshuffled, inducing pervasive shifts in forest dynamics. To predict how it will impact forest structure and composition, it is crucial to understand how tree species differ in their sensitivity to disturbances. In this study, we investigated how functional traits and species mean climate affect their sensitivity to disturbances while controlling for tree size and stand structure. With data on 130,594 trees located on 7617 plots that were disturbed by storm, fire, snow, biotic or other disturbances from the French, Spanish, and Finnish National Forest Inventory, we modeled annual mortality probability for 40 European tree species as a function of tree size, dominance status, disturbance type, and intensity. We tested the correlation of our estimated species probability of disturbance mortality with their traits and their mean climate niches. We found that different trait combinations controlled species sensitivity to disturbances. Storm-sensitive species had a high height-dbh ratio, low wood density and high maximum growth, while fire-sensitive species had low bark thickness and high P50. Species from warmer and drier climates, where fires are more frequent, were more resistant to fire. The ranking in disturbance sensitivity between species was overall consistent across disturbance types. Productive conifer species were the most disturbance sensitive, while Mediterranean oaks were the least disturbance sensitive. Our study identified key relations between species functional traits and disturbance sensitivity, that allows more reliable predictions of how changing climate and disturbance regimes will impact future forest structure and species composition at large spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Barrere
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, St-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Björn Reineking
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, St-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Thomas Cordonnier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INRAE, LESSEM, St-Martin-d'Hères, France
- Office National des Forêts, Département Recherche Développement Innovation, Direction Territoriale Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Dole, France
| | - Niko Kulha
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Honkaniemi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kari T Korhonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Joensuu, Finland
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Grupo de Ecologıa y Restauracion Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcala, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Zavala
- Grupo de Ecologıa y Restauracion Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcala, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Gazol A, Camarero JJ, Sánchez-Salguero R, Zavala MA, Serra-Maluquer X, Gutiérrez E, de Luis M, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Novak K, Rozas V, Tíscar PA, Linares JC, Martínez Del Castillo E, Ribas M, García-González I, Silla F, Camison Á, Génova M, Olano JM, Hereş AM, Yuste JC, Longares LA, Hevia A, Galván JD, Ruiz-Benito P. Tree growth response to drought partially explains regional-scale growth and mortality patterns in Iberian forests. Ecol Appl 2022; 32:e2589. [PMID: 35333426 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tree-ring data has been widely used to inform about tree growth responses to drought at the individual scale, but less is known about how tree growth sensitivity to drought scales up driving changes in forest dynamics. Here, we related tree-ring growth chronologies and stand-level forest changes in basal area from two independent data sets to test if tree-ring responses to drought match stand forest dynamics (stand basal area growth, ingrowth, and mortality). We assessed if tree growth and changes in forest basal area covary as a function of spatial scale and tree taxa (gymnosperm or angiosperm). To this end, we compared a tree-ring network with stand data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory. We focused on the cumulative impact of drought on tree growth and demography in the period 1981-2005. Drought years were identified by the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index, and their impacts on tree growth by quantifying tree-ring width reductions. We hypothesized that forests with greater drought impacts on tree growth will also show reduced stand basal area growth and ingrowth and enhanced mortality. This is expected to occur in forests dominated by gymnosperms on drought-prone regions. Cumulative growth reductions during dry years were higher in forests dominated by gymnosperms and presented a greater magnitude and spatial autocorrelation than for angiosperms. Cumulative drought-induced tree growth reductions and changes in forest basal area were related, but initial stand density and basal area were the main factors driving changes in basal area. In drought-prone gymnosperm forests, we observed that sites with greater growth reductions had lower stand basal area growth and greater mortality. Consequently, stand basal area, forest growth, and ingrowth in regions with large drought impacts was significantly lower than in regions less impacted by drought. Tree growth sensitivity to drought can be used as a predictor of gymnosperm demographic rates in terms of stand basal area growth and ingrowth at regional scales, but further studies may try to disentangle how initial stand density modulates such relationships. Drought-induced growth reductions and their cumulative impacts have strong potential to be used as early-warning indicators of regional forest vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Raúl Sánchez-Salguero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel A Zavala
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Universitario, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emilia Gutiérrez
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martín de Luis
- Departamento de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio - IUCA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriel Sangüesa-Barreda
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
- EiFAB-iuFOR, Campus Duques de Soria, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
| | - Klemen Novak
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Vicente Rozas
- EiFAB-iuFOR, Campus Duques de Soria, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
| | - Pedro A Tíscar
- Centro de Capacitación y Experimentación Forestal, Cazorla, Spain
| | - Juan C Linares
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos, Químicos y Naturales, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Montse Ribas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-González
- Departamento de Botánica, Escola Politécnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Fernando Silla
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Parasitología, Ecología, Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Álvaro Camison
- Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain
| | - Mar Génova
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Olano
- EiFAB-iuFOR, Campus Duques de Soria, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
| | - Ana-Maria Hereş
- Department of Forest Sciences, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, Romania
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, Spain
| | - Jorge Curiel Yuste
- Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis A Longares
- Departamento de Geografía y Ordenación del Territorio - IUCA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Hevia
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Universidad de Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Universidad de Alcalá, Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Universitario, Madrid, Spain
- Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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5
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Salazar Zarzosa P, Diaz Herraiz A, Olmo M, Ruiz-Benito P, Barrón V, Bastias CC, de la Riva EG, Villar R. Linking functional traits with tree growth and forest productivity in Quercus ilex forests along a climatic gradient. Sci Total Environ 2021; 786:147468. [PMID: 33975100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant functional traits are highly plastic to changes in climatic factors and nutrient availability. However, the intraspecific plant response to abiotic factors and the overall effect on tree growth and productivity is still under debate. We studied forest productivity for 30 Quercus ilex subsp. ballota forests in Spain along a broad climatic gradient of aridity (mean annual precipitation from 321 to 858 mm). We used linear mixed models to quantify the effect of climatic and edaphic (soil nutrients, topography, and texture) factors on tree functional traits (leaf and branch traits), and subsequently, the effect of such functional traits and abiotic factors on the relative growth rate (RGR) of adult trees. We used piecewise structural equation models (SEMs) to determine the causal effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on forest productivity. Our results showed that tree functional traits were mainly explained by climatic and edaphic factors. Functional traits and tree biomass explained forest biomass and RGR, respectively, which ultimately explained forest productivity. In conclusion, intraspecific variability of functional traits has a significant effect on plant biomass and growth, which ultimately may explain forest productivity in Quercus ilex forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Salazar Zarzosa
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Aurelio Diaz Herraiz
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Campus Humaitá, 69800.000, Brazil
| | - Manuel Olmo
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Ecology and Forest Restoration Group, Life Science Department, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, Km. 33,600, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcalá, Calle Colegios 2, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Vidal Barrón
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina C Bastias
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France; Departamento de Ingeniería Forestal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enrique G de la Riva
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Rafael Villar
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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6
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Madrigal-González J, Calatayud J, Ballesteros-Cánovas JA, Escudero A, Cayuela L, Rueda M, Ruiz-Benito P, Herrero A, Aponte C, Sagardia R, Plumptre AJ, Dupire S, Espinosa CI, Tutubalina O, Myint M, Pataro L, López-Sáez J, Macía MJ, Abegg M, Zavala MA, Quesada-Román A, Vega-Araya M, Golubeva E, Timokhina Y, Stoffel M. Climate reverses directionality in the richness-abundance relationship across the World's main forest biomes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5635. [PMID: 33159062 PMCID: PMC7648646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
More tree species can increase the carbon storage capacity of forests (here referred to as the more species hypothesis) through increased tree productivity and tree abundance resulting from complementarity, but they can also be the consequence of increased tree abundance through increased available energy (more individuals hypothesis). To test these two contrasting hypotheses, we analyse the most plausible pathways in the richness-abundance relationship and its stability along global climatic gradients. We show that positive effect of species richness on tree abundance only prevails in eight of the twenty-three forest regions considered in this study. In the other forest regions, any benefit from having more species is just as likely (9 regions) or even less likely (6 regions) than the effects of having more individuals. We demonstrate that diversity effects prevail in the most productive environments, and abundance effects become dominant towards the most limiting conditions. These findings can contribute to refining cost-effective mitigation strategies based on fostering carbon storage through increased tree diversity. Specifically, in less productive environments, mitigation measures should promote abundance of locally adapted and stress tolerant tree species instead of increasing species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Madrigal-González
- Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences (ISE), University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl Vogt, CH-1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Integrated Science Lab, Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química inorgánica. ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, C.P. 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Ballesteros-Cánovas
- Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences (ISE), University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl Vogt, CH-1205, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, 13 rue des Maraîchers, CH-1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrián Escudero
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química inorgánica. ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, C.P. 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Cayuela
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química inorgánica. ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, C.P. 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rueda
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González s/n, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química inorgánica. ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, C.P. 28933, Madrid, Spain.,Forest Ecology and Restoration, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, km 33.4, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Asier Herrero
- Forest Ecology and Restoration, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, km 33.4, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Cristina Aponte
- School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, VIC, 3121, Australia.,National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Dracea", 128 Blvd. Eroilor, Voluntari, 077190, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Rodrigo Sagardia
- Instituto Forestal de Chile, Sucre 2397, Ñuñoa, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Sylvain Dupire
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inrae, LESSEM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Carlos I Espinosa
- EcoSs_Lab, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, San Cayetano Alto, 110107, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Olga Tutubalina
- Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Moe Myint
- Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences (ISE), University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl Vogt, CH-1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luciano Pataro
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, calle Darwin 2, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jerome López-Sáez
- Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences (ISE), University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl Vogt, CH-1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuel J Macía
- Departamento de Biología (Botánica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, calle Darwin 2, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin 2, ES-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Meinrad Abegg
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Miguel A Zavala
- Forest Ecology and Restoration, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, ctra. Madrid-Barcelona, km 33.4, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Instituto Franklin, Universidad de Alcalá, Calle Trinidad 1, 28801, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Quesada-Román
- Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences (ISE), University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl Vogt, CH-1205, Geneva, Switzerland.,Escuela de Geografía, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad de la Investigación, Montes de Oca 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mauricio Vega-Araya
- Instituto de Investigación y Servicios Forestales (INISEFOR), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Elena Golubeva
- Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya Timokhina
- Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Markus Stoffel
- Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA), Institute for Environmental Sciences (ISE), University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl Vogt, CH-1205, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, 13 rue des Maraîchers, CH-1205, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, University of Geneva, 66 Boulevard Carl Vogt, CH-1205, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Astigarraga J, Andivia E, Zavala MA, Gazol A, Cruz-Alonso V, Vicente-Serrano SM, Ruiz-Benito P. Evidence of non-stationary relationships between climate and forest responses: Increased sensitivity to climate change in Iberian forests. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:5063-5076. [PMID: 32479675 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate and forest structure are considered major drivers of forest demography and productivity. However, recent evidence suggests that the relationships between climate and tree growth are generally non-stationary (i.e. non-time stable), and it remains uncertain whether the relationships between climate, forest structure, demography and productivity are stationary or are being altered by recent climatic and structural changes. Here we analysed three surveys from the Spanish Forest Inventory covering c. 30 years of information and we applied mixed and structural equation models to assess temporal trends in forest structure (stand density, basal area, tree size and tree size inequality), forest demography (ingrowth, growth and mortality) and above-ground forest productivity. We also quantified whether the interactive effects of climate and forest structure on forest demography and above-ground forest productivity were stationary over two consecutive time periods. Since the 1980s, density, basal area and tree size increased in Iberian forests, and tree size inequality decreased. In addition, we observed reductions in ingrowth and growth, and increases in mortality. Initial forest structure and water availability mainly modulated the temporal trends in forest structure and demography. The magnitude and direction of the interactive effects of climate and forest structure on forest demography changed over the two time periods analysed indicating non-stationary relationships between climate, forest structure and demography. Above-ground forest productivity increased due to a positive balance between ingrowth, growth and mortality. Despite increasing productivity over time, we observed an aggravation of the negative effects of climate change and increased competition on forest demography, reducing ingrowth and growth, and increasing mortality. Interestingly, our results suggest that the negative effects of climate change on forest demography could be ameliorated through forest management, which has profound implications for forest adaptation to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Astigarraga
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Enrique Andivia
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology & Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Zavala
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Franklin Institute, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Antonio Gazol
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Verónica Cruz-Alonso
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- CREAF, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola de Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Environmental Remote Sensing Group, Department of Geology, Geography and Environment, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
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8
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Ruiz-Benito P, Vacchiano G, Lines ER, Reyer CP, Ratcliffe S, Morin X, Hartig F, Mäkelä A, Yousefpour R, Chaves JE, Palacios-Orueta A, Benito-Garzón M, Morales-Molino C, Camarero JJ, Jump AS, Kattge J, Lehtonen A, Ibrom A, Owen HJ, Zavala MA. Available and missing data to model impact of climate change on European forests. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.108870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Yuan Z, Ali A, Jucker T, Ruiz-Benito P, Wang S, Jiang L, Wang X, Lin F, Ye J, Hao Z, Loreau M. Multiple abiotic and biotic pathways shape biomass demographic processes in temperate forests. Ecology 2019; 100:e02650. [PMID: 30742311 PMCID: PMC6849813 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Forests play a key role in regulating the global carbon cycle, and yet the abiotic and biotic conditions that drive the demographic processes that underpin forest carbon dynamics remain poorly understood in natural ecosystems. To address this knowledge gap, we used repeat forest inventory data from 92,285 trees across four large permanent plots (4–25 ha in size) in temperate mixed forests in northeast China to ask the following questions: (1) How do soil conditions and stand age drive biomass demographic processes? (2) How do vegetation quality (i.e., functional trait diversity and composition) and quantity (i.e., initial biomass stocks) influence biomass demographic processes independently from soil conditions and stand age? (3) What is the relative contribution of growth, recruitment, and mortality to net biomass change? Using structural equation modeling, we showed that all three demographic processes were jointly constrained by multiple abiotic and biotic factors and that mortality was the strongest determinant on net biomass change over time. Growth and mortality, as well as functional trait diversity and the community‐weighted mean of specific leaf area (CWMSLA), declined with stand age. By contrast, high soil phosphorous concentrations were associated with greater functional diversity and faster dynamics (i.e., high growth and mortality rates), but associated with lower CWMSLA and initial biomass stock. More functionally diverse communities also had higher recruitment rates, but did not exhibit faster growth and mortality. Instead, initial biomass stocks and CWMSLA were stronger predictors of biomass growth and mortality, respectively. By integrating the full spectrum of abiotic and biotic drivers of forest biomass dynamics, our study provides critical system‐level insights needed to predict the possible consequences of regional changes in forest diversity, composition, structure and function in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoqiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong, China
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- CSIRO Land and Water, 147 Underwood Avenue, Floreat, Washington, 6014, Australia
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Edificio de Ciencias, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares Madrid, Spain
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Xugao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Fei Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Ji Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Zhanqing Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, China
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, 09200, Moulis, France
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10
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Molina-Venegas R, Llorente-Culebras S, Ruiz-Benito P, Rodríguez MA. Evolutionary history predicts the response of tree species to forest loss: A case study in peninsular Spain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204365. [PMID: 30235313 PMCID: PMC6147707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary history can explain species resemblance to a large extent. Thus, if closely related species share combinations of traits that modulate their response to environmental changes, then phylogeny could predict species sensitivity to novel stressors such as increased levels of deforestation. To test this hypothesis, we used 66,949 plots (25-m-radius) of the Spanish National Forest Inventory and modelled the relationships between local (plot-level) stem density of 61 Holarctic tree species and forest canopy cover measured at local and landscape scales (concentric circles centred on the plots with radiuses of 1.6, 3.2 and 6.4 km, respectively). Then, we used the output model equations to estimate the probability of occurrence of the species as a function of forest canopy cover (i.e. response to forest loss), and quantified the phylogenetic signal in their responses using a molecular phylogeny. Most species showed a lower probability of occurrence when forest canopy cover in the plots (local scale) was low. However, the probability of occurrence of many species increased when forest canopy cover decreased across landscape scales. We detected a strong phylogenetic signal in species response to forest loss at local and small landscape (1.6 km) scales. However, phylogenetic signal was weak and non-significant at intermediate (3.2 km) and large (6.4 km) landscape scales. Our results suggest that phylogenetic information could be used to prioritize forested areas for conservation, since evolutionary history may largely determine species response to forest loss. As such, phylogenetically diverse forests might ensure contrasted responses to deforestation, and thus less abrupt reductions in the abundances of the constituent species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Madrigal-González J, Ruiz-Benito P, Ratcliffe S, Calatayud J, Kändler G, Lehtonen A, Dahlgren J, Wirth C, Zavala MA. Erratum: Complementarity effects on tree growth are contingent on tree size and climatic conditions across Europe. Sci Rep 2018; 8:46993. [PMID: 29863108 PMCID: PMC5985495 DOI: 10.1038/srep46993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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12
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van der Plas F, Ratcliffe S, Ruiz-Benito P, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Verheyen K, Wirth C, Zavala MA, Ampoorter E, Baeten L, Barbaro L, Bastias CC, Bauhus J, Benavides R, Benneter A, Bonal D, Bouriaud O, Bruelheide H, Bussotti F, Carnol M, Castagneyrol B, Charbonnier Y, Cornelissen JHC, Dahlgren J, Checko E, Coppi A, Dawud SM, Deconchat M, De Smedt P, De Wandeler H, Domisch T, Finér L, Fotelli M, Gessler A, Granier A, Grossiord C, Guyot V, Haase J, Hättenschwiler S, Jactel H, Jaroszewicz B, Joly FX, Jucker T, Kambach S, Kaendler G, Kattge J, Koricheva J, Kunstler G, Lehtonen A, Liebergesell M, Manning P, Milligan H, Müller S, Muys B, Nguyen D, Nock C, Ohse B, Paquette A, Peñuelas J, Pollastrini M, Radoglou K, Raulund-Rasmussen K, Roger F, Seidl R, Selvi F, Stenlid J, Valladares F, van Keer J, Vesterdal L, Fischer M, Gamfeldt L, Allan E. Continental mapping of forest ecosystem functions reveals a high but unrealised potential for forest multifunctionality. Ecol Lett 2017; 21:31-42. [PMID: 29143494 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Humans require multiple services from ecosystems, but it is largely unknown whether trade-offs between ecosystem functions prevent the realisation of high ecosystem multifunctionality across spatial scales. Here, we combined a comprehensive dataset (28 ecosystem functions measured on 209 forest plots) with a forest inventory dataset (105,316 plots) to extrapolate and map relationships between various ecosystem multifunctionality measures across Europe. These multifunctionality measures reflected different management objectives, related to timber production, climate regulation and biodiversity conservation/recreation. We found that trade-offs among them were rare across Europe, at both local and continental scales. This suggests a high potential for 'win-win' forest management strategies, where overall multifunctionality is maximised. However, across sites, multifunctionality was on average 45.8-49.8% below maximum levels and not necessarily highest in protected areas. Therefore, using one of the most comprehensive assessments so far, our study suggests a high but largely unrealised potential for management to promote multifunctional forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fons van der Plas
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland.,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sophia Ratcliffe
- Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, UK.,Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Edificio de Ciencias, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Christian Wirth
- Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Miguel A Zavala
- Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Edificio de Ciencias, Campus Universitario, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Evy Ampoorter
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Luc Barbaro
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610, Cestas, France.,Dynafor, INPT-EI Purpan, INRA, Univ. Toulouse, 31320, Auzeville, France
| | | | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Fahnenbergplatz, 79085, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Raquel Benavides
- Faculty of Biology, Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adam Benneter
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Fahnenbergplatz, 79085, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Olivier Bouriaud
- Faculty of Forestry, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, Universitatii Street 13, Suceava, 720229, Romania
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor, 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Filippo Bussotti
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Botany, University of Firenze, P.le Cascine 28, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - Monique Carnol
- Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology, University of Liege, Botany B22, Chemin de la Vallee 4, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | | | | | - Johannes H C Cornelissen
- Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Dahlgren
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ewa Checko
- Bialowieza Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Andrea Coppi
- Department of Biology, Botanical Laboratories, University of Firenze, Via G. La Pira 4, 50121, Firenze, Italy
| | - Seid Muhie Dawud
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marc Deconchat
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610, Cestas, France.,Dynafor, INPT-EI Purpan, INRA, Univ. Toulouse, 31320, Auzeville, France
| | - Pallieter De Smedt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, B-9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Hans De Wandeler
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E Box 2411, BE-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Timo Domisch
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Yliopistokatu 6, FI-80100, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Leena Finér
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Yliopistokatu 6, FI-80100, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Mariangela Fotelli
- Forest Research Institute of Thessaloniki, Greek Agricultural Organization-Dimitra, 57006, Vassilika, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Research Unit Forest Dynamics, Zuercherstr, 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Virginie Guyot
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610, Cestas, France.,Dynafor, INPT-EI Purpan, INRA, Univ. Toulouse, 31320, Auzeville, France
| | - Josephine Haase
- Faculty of Biology, Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstrasse 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- Centre of Evolutionary and Functional Ecology (CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - University of Montpellier - University Paul-Valery Montpellier - EPHE), 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Jactel
- BIOGECO, INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, 33610, Cestas, France
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Bialowieza Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - François-Xavier Joly
- Centre of Evolutionary and Functional Ecology (CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - University of Montpellier - University Paul-Valery Montpellier - EPHE), 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- Forest Ecology and Conservation, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Stephan Kambach
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor, 1, 06108, Halle (Saale), Germany.,Department Community Ecology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gerald Kaendler
- Forest Research Institute Baden-Wurttemberg, Wonnhaldestrase 4, 79100, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straβe 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Koricheva
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Georges Kunstler
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR EMGR, Centre de Grenoble, 2 rue de la Papeterie-BP 76, F-38402, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Aleksi Lehtonen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokiniemenkuja 1, FI-01370, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Mario Liebergesell
- Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5E, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Manning
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland.,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Harriet Milligan
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Sandra Müller
- Faculty of Biology, Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bart Muys
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E Box 2411, BE-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diem Nguyen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charles Nock
- Faculty of Biology, Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Ohse
- Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08913, Catalonia, Spain.,CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UB-UAB, Bellaterra, 08913, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Botany, University of Firenze, P.le Cascine 28, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Radoglou
- Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Pantazidou 193, 68200, Nea Orestiada, Greece
| | - Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Fabian Roger
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Rupert Seidl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Institute of Silviculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Federico Selvi
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Botany, University of Firenze, P.le Cascine 28, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - Jan Stenlid
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7026, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland.,Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lars Gamfeldt
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Carl Skottsbergs gata 22B, 41319, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Eric Allan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Ruiz-Benito P, Ratcliffe S, Zavala MA, Martínez-Vilalta J, Vilà-Cabrera A, Lloret F, Madrigal-González J, Wirth C, Greenwood S, Kändler G, Lehtonen A, Kattge J, Dahlgren J, Jump AS. Climate- and successional-related changes in functional composition of European forests are strongly driven by tree mortality. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:4162-4176. [PMID: 28418105 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intense droughts combined with increased temperatures are one of the major threats to forest persistence in the 21st century. Despite the direct impact of climate change on forest growth and shifts in species abundance, the effect of altered demography on changes in the composition of functional traits is not well known. We sought to (1) quantify the recent changes in functional composition of European forests; (2) identify the relative importance of climate change, mean climate and forest development for changes in functional composition; and (3) analyse the roles of tree mortality and growth underlying any functional changes in different forest types. We quantified changes in functional composition from the 1980s to the 2000s across Europe by two dimensions of functional trait variation: the first dimension was mainly related to changes in leaf mass per area and wood density (partially related to the trait differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms), and the second dimension was related to changes in maximum tree height. Our results indicate that climate change and mean climatic effects strongly interacted with forest development and it was not possible to completely disentangle their effects. Where recent climate change was not too extreme, the patterns of functional change generally followed the expected patterns under secondary succession (e.g. towards late-successional short-statured hardwoods in Mediterranean forests and taller gymnosperms in boreal forests) and latitudinal gradients (e.g. larger proportion of gymnosperm-like strategies at low water availability in forests formerly dominated by broad-leaved deciduous species). Recent climate change generally favoured the dominance of angiosperm-like related traits under increased temperature and intense droughts. Our results show functional composition changes over relatively short time scales in European forests. These changes are largely determined by tree mortality, which should be further investigated and modelled to adequately predict the impacts of climate change on forest function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Sophia Ratcliffe
- Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Miguel A Zavala
- Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB) Edifici C, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Albert Vilà-Cabrera
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Francisco Lloret
- CREAF, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB) Edifici C, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Jaime Madrigal-González
- Grupo de Ecología y Restauración Forestal, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Christian Wirth
- Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, UK
| | - Sarah Greenwood
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Gerald Kändler
- Forest Research Institute Baden-Wurttemberg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Jens Kattge
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonas Dahlgren
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alistair S Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- CREAF, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB) Edifici C, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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14
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Ratcliffe S, Wirth C, Jucker T, van der Plas F, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Verheyen K, Allan E, Benavides R, Bruelheide H, Ohse B, Paquette A, Ampoorter E, Bastias CC, Bauhus J, Bonal D, Bouriaud O, Bussotti F, Carnol M, Castagneyrol B, Chećko E, Dawud SM, Wandeler HD, Domisch T, Finér L, Fischer M, Fotelli M, Gessler A, Granier A, Grossiord C, Guyot V, Haase J, Hättenschwiler S, Jactel H, Jaroszewicz B, Joly FX, Kambach S, Kolb S, Koricheva J, Liebersgesell M, Milligan H, Müller S, Muys B, Nguyen D, Nock C, Pollastrini M, Purschke O, Radoglou K, Raulund-Rasmussen K, Roger F, Ruiz-Benito P, Seidl R, Selvi F, Seiferling I, Stenlid J, Valladares F, Vesterdal L, Baeten L. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relations in European forests depend on environmental context. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:1414-1426. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Jump AS, Ruiz-Benito P, Greenwood S, Allen CD, Kitzberger T, Fensham R, Martínez-Vilalta J, Lloret F. Structural overshoot of tree growth with climate variability and the global spectrum of drought-induced forest dieback. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:3742-3757. [PMID: 28135022 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing climate change poses significant threats to plant function and distribution. Increased temperatures and altered precipitation regimes amplify drought frequency and intensity, elevating plant stress and mortality. Large-scale forest mortality events will have far-reaching impacts on carbon and hydrological cycling, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. However, biogeographical theory and global vegetation models poorly represent recent forest die-off patterns. Furthermore, as trees are sessile and long-lived, their responses to climate extremes are substantially dependent on historical factors. We show that periods of favourable climatic and management conditions that facilitate abundant tree growth can lead to structural overshoot of aboveground tree biomass due to a subsequent temporal mismatch between water demand and availability. When environmental favourability declines, increases in water and temperature stress that are protracted, rapid, or both, drive a gradient of tree structural responses that can modify forest self-thinning relationships. Responses ranging from premature leaf senescence and partial canopy dieback to whole-tree mortality reduce canopy leaf area during the stress period and for a lagged recovery window thereafter. Such temporal mismatches of water requirements from availability can occur at local to regional scales throughout a species geographical range. As climate change projections predict large future fluctuations in both wet and dry conditions, we expect forests to become increasingly structurally mismatched to water availability and thus overbuilt during more stressful episodes. By accounting for the historical context of biomass development, our approach can explain previously problematic aspects of large-scale forest mortality, such as why it can occur throughout the range of a species and yet still be locally highly variable, and why some events seem readily attributable to an ongoing drought while others do not. This refined understanding can facilitate better projections of structural overshoot responses, enabling improved prediction of changes in forest distribution and function from regional to global scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair S Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
- CREAF, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB), Edifici C, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, Science Building, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah Greenwood
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Craig D Allen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, New Mexico Landscapes Field Station, Los Alamos, NM, 87544, USA
| | - Thomas Kitzberger
- Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Rod Fensham
- Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Qld, 4066, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB), Edifici C, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francisco Lloret
- CREAF, Campus de Bellaterra (UAB), Edifici C, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Catalonia, Spain
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16
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Ruiz-Benito P. The use of trait-based approaches from organisms to ecosystems. Frontiers of Biogeography 2017. [DOI: 10.21425/f59235418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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17
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Greenwood S, Ruiz-Benito P, Martínez-Vilalta J, Lloret F, Kitzberger T, Allen CD, Fensham R, Laughlin DC, Kattge J, Bönisch G, Kraft NJB, Jump AS. Tree mortality across biomes is promoted by drought intensity, lower wood density and higher specific leaf area. Ecol Lett 2017; 20:539-553. [PMID: 28220612 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Drought events are increasing globally, and reports of consequent forest mortality are widespread. However, due to a lack of a quantitative global synthesis, it is still not clear whether drought-induced mortality rates differ among global biomes and whether functional traits influence the risk of drought-induced mortality. To address these uncertainties, we performed a global meta-analysis of 58 studies of drought-induced forest mortality. Mortality rates were modelled as a function of drought, temperature, biomes, phylogenetic and functional groups and functional traits. We identified a consistent global-scale response, where mortality increased with drought severity [log mortality (trees trees-1 year-1 ) increased 0.46 (95% CI = 0.2-0.7) with one SPEI unit drought intensity]. We found no significant differences in the magnitude of the response depending on forest biomes or between angiosperms and gymnosperms or evergreen and deciduous tree species. Functional traits explained some of the variation in drought responses between species (i.e. increased from 30 to 37% when wood density and specific leaf area were included). Tree species with denser wood and lower specific leaf area showed lower mortality responses. Our results illustrate the value of functional traits for understanding patterns of drought-induced tree mortality and suggest that mortality could become increasingly widespread in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Greenwood
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland.,Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Life Sciences Department, Universidad de Alcalá, Science Building, Alcalá de Henares, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.,Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Francisco Lloret
- CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain.,Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Thomas Kitzberger
- Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Craig D Allen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, New Mexico Landscapes Field Station, Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87544, USA
| | - Rod Fensham
- Queensland Herbarium, Environmental Protection Agency, Mt Coot-tha Road, Toowong, Qld, 4066, Australia.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel C Laughlin
- Environmental Research Institute and School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Jens Kattge
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Bönisch
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Nathan J B Kraft
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alistair S Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland.,CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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18
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Madrigal-González J, Ruiz-Benito P, Ratcliffe S, Calatayud J, Kändler G, Lehtonen A, Dahlgren J, Wirth C, Zavala MA. Complementarity effects on tree growth are contingent on tree size and climatic conditions across Europe. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32233. [PMID: 27571971 PMCID: PMC5004187 DOI: 10.1038/srep32233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglecting tree size and stand structure dynamics might bias the interpretation of the diversity-productivity relationship in forests. Here we show evidence that complementarity is contingent on tree size across large-scale climatic gradients in Europe. We compiled growth data of the 14 most dominant tree species in 32,628 permanent plots covering boreal, temperate and Mediterranean forest biomes. Niche complementarity is expected to result in significant growth increments of trees surrounded by a larger proportion of functionally dissimilar neighbours. Functional dissimilarity at the tree level was assessed using four functional types: i.e. broad-leaved deciduous, broad-leaved evergreen, needle-leaved deciduous and needle-leaved evergreen. Using Linear Mixed Models we show that, complementarity effects depend on tree size along an energy availability gradient across Europe. Specifically: (i) complementarity effects at low and intermediate positions of the gradient (coldest-temperate areas) were stronger for small than for large trees; (ii) in contrast, at the upper end of the gradient (warmer regions), complementarity is more widespread in larger than smaller trees, which in turn showed negative growth responses to increased functional dissimilarity. Our findings suggest that the outcome of species mixing on stand productivity might critically depend on individual size distribution structure along gradients of environmental variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Madrigal-González
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.,Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences.University of Stirling, FK9 4LA, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Ratcliffe
- Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University Leipzig (ULE, Germany)
| | - Joaquín Calatayud
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain.,Department of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Gerald Kändler
- Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg (FVA, Germany)
| | | | - Jonas Dahlgren
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU, Sweden)
| | - Christian Wirth
- Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University Leipzig (ULE, Germany).,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv, Germany)
| | - Miguel A Zavala
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, 28871, Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
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19
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Baudena M, Sánchez A, Georg CP, Ruiz-Benito P, Rodríguez MÁ, Zavala MA, Rietkerk M. Revealing patterns of local species richness along environmental gradients with a novel network tool. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11561. [PMID: 26109495 PMCID: PMC4479799 DOI: 10.1038/srep11561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
How species richness relates to environmental gradients at large extents is commonly investigated aggregating local site data to coarser grains. However, such relationships often change with the grain of analysis, potentially hiding the local signal. Here we show that a novel network technique, the “method of reflections”, could unveil the relationships between species richness and climate without such drawbacks. We introduced a new index related to potential species richness, which revealed large scale patterns by including at the local community level information about species distribution throughout the dataset (i.e., the network). The method effectively removed noise, identifying how far site richness was from potential. When applying it to study woody species richness patterns in Spain, we observed that annual precipitation and mean annual temperature explained large parts of the variance of the newly defined species richness, highlighting that, at the local scale, communities in drier and warmer areas were potentially the species richest. Our method went far beyond what geographical upscaling of the data could unfold, and the insights obtained strongly suggested that it is a powerful instrument to detect key factors underlying species richness patterns, and that it could have numerous applications in ecology and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Baudena
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences Group, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain
| | - Angel Sánchez
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain.,Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Co-Pierre Georg
- School of Economics and African Institute of Financial Markets and Risk Management, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X1, 7700 Rondebosch (Cape Town), South Africa.,Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Departamento de Matemáticas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avenida de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Spain
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, FK9 4LA (Stirling), United Kingdom.,Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Edificio de Ciencias, Campus Universitario, 28805 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Miguel Á Rodríguez
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Edificio de Ciencias, Campus Universitario, 28805 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Miguel A Zavala
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Edificio de Ciencias, Campus Universitario, 28805 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid), Spain
| | - Max Rietkerk
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Environmental Sciences Group, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Ruiz-Benito P, Madrigal-González J, Young S, Mercatoris P, Cavin L, Huang TJ, Chen JC, Jump AS. Climatic Stress during Stand Development Alters the Sign and Magnitude of Age-Related Growth Responses in a Subtropical Mountain Pine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126581. [PMID: 25973854 PMCID: PMC4431836 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of typical age-related growth by environmental changes is poorly understood, In part because there is a lack of consensus at individual tree level regarding age-dependent growth responses to climate warming as stands develop. To increase our current understanding about how multiple drivers of environmental change can modify growth responses as trees age we used tree ring data of a mountain subtropical pine species along an altitudinal gradient covering more than 2,200 m of altitude. We applied mixed-linear models to determine how absolute and relative age-dependent growth varies depending on stand development; and to quantify the relative importance of tree age and climate on individual tree growth responses. Tree age was the most important factor for tree growth in models parameterised using data from all forest developmental stages. Contrastingly, the relationship found between tree age and growth became non-significant in models parameterised using data corresponding to mature stages. These results suggest that although absolute tree growth can continuously increase along tree size when trees reach maturity age had no effect on growth. Tree growth was strongly reduced under increased annual temperature, leading to more constant age-related growth responses. Furthermore, young trees were the most sensitive to reductions in relative growth rates, but absolute growth was strongly reduced under increased temperature in old trees. Our results help to reconcile previous contrasting findings of age-related growth responses at the individual tree level, suggesting that the sign and magnitude of age-related growth responses vary with stand development. The different responses found to climate for absolute and relative growth rates suggest that young trees are particularly vulnerable under warming climate, but reduced absolute growth in old trees could alter the species' potential as a carbon sink in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Jaime Madrigal-González
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group, Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sarah Young
- School of Medicine and Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pierre Mercatoris
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Cavin
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Tsurng-Juhn Huang
- School of Medicine and Research Center for Biodiversity, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Chang Chen
- Department of Forestry, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Nei Pu Hsiang, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Alistair S. Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
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21
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Ruiz-Benito P, Madrigal-González J, Ratcliffe S, Coomes DA, Kändler G, Lehtonen A, Wirth C, Zavala MA. Stand Structure and Recent Climate Change Constrain Stand Basal Area Change in European Forests: A Comparison Across Boreal, Temperate, and Mediterranean Biomes. Ecosystems 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-014-9806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Ibáñez B, Ibáñez I, Gómez-Aparicio L, Ruiz-Benito P, García LV, Marañón T. Contrasting effects of climate change along life stages of a dominant tree species: the importance of soil-climate interactions. DIVERS DISTRIB 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Ibáñez
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla; Avda Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Seville Spain
| | - Inés Ibáñez
- School of Natural Resources and Environment; University of Michigan; 440 Church Street Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Lorena Gómez-Aparicio
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla; Avda Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Seville Spain
| | - Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Forest Ecology and Restoration Group; Department of Life Sciences; University of Alcalá; 28871 Alcalá de Henares (Madrid) Spain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences; School of Natural Sciences; University of Stirling; FK9 4LA Stirling UK
| | - Luis V. García
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla; Avda Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Seville Spain
| | - Teodoro Marañón
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla; Avda Reina Mercedes 10 41012 Seville Spain
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23
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Ruiz-Benito P, Lines ER, Gómez-Aparicio L, Zavala MA, Coomes DA. Patterns and drivers of tree mortality in iberian forests: climatic effects are modified by competition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56843. [PMID: 23451096 PMCID: PMC3581527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree mortality is a key process underlying forest dynamics and community assembly. Understanding how tree mortality is driven by simultaneous drivers is needed to evaluate potential effects of climate change on forest composition. Using repeat-measure information from c. 400,000 trees from the Spanish Forest Inventory, we quantified the relative importance of tree size, competition, climate and edaphic conditions on tree mortality of 11 species, and explored the combined effect of climate and competition. Tree mortality was affected by all of these multiple drivers, especially tree size and asymmetric competition, and strong interactions between climate and competition were found. All species showed L-shaped mortality patterns (i.e. showed decreasing mortality with tree size), but pines were more sensitive to asymmetric competition than broadleaved species. Among climatic variables, the negative effect of temperature on tree mortality was much larger than the effect of precipitation. Moreover, the effect of climate (mean annual temperature and annual precipitation) on tree mortality was aggravated at high competition levels for all species, but especially for broadleaved species. The significant interaction between climate and competition on tree mortality indicated that global change in Mediterranean regions, causing hotter and drier conditions and denser stands, could lead to profound effects on forest structure and composition. Therefore, to evaluate the potential effects of climatic change on tree mortality, forest structure must be considered, since two systems of similar composition but different structure could radically differ in their response to climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Ruiz-Benito
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Forest Research Center - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Ruiz-Benito P, Gómez-Aparicio L, Zavala MA. Large-scale assessment of regeneration and diversity in Mediterranean planted pine forests along ecological gradients. DIVERS DISTRIB 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2012.00901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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