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Andrzejewski J, Liddon N, Leonard S. Condom Availability Programs in Schools: A Review of the Literature. Am J Health Promot 2019; 33:457-467. [PMID: 30068218 PMCID: PMC6540114 DOI: 10.1177/0890117118791118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review synthesizes findings from the peer-reviewed evaluation literature on condom availability programs (CAPs) in secondary schools. DATA SOURCE Peer-reviewed evaluation literature indexed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, ERIC, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, SCOPUS, and POPLINE. STUDY INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA Manuscripts had to be, written in English, and report evaluation data from a US school-based CAP. DATA EXTRACTION Articles were coded independently by 2 authors. Discrepancies were resolved through open discussion. DATA SYNTHESIS We grouped findings into outcome evaluation and process evaluation findings. Outcome evaluation findings included sexually transmitted infections (STIs), pregnancy rates, condom use, contraception use, sexual risk, and substance use. Process evaluation findings included awareness of CAPs, attitudes toward CAPs, attitudes toward condoms, and receipt of education and instruction. RESULTS Of the 138 citations reviewed, 12 articles published between 1995 and 2012 met the inclusion criteria, representing 8 programs. Evaluations indicate CAPs yield condom acquisition rates between 23% and 48%, have mixed results related to condom use, and are not associated with increases in sexual and other risk behaviors. One program found CAPs were associated with a decrease in a combined rate of chlamydia and gonorrhea. One program found no association between CAPs and unintended pregnancy. Students' attitudes toward CAPs were favorable and awareness was high. CONCLUSIONS Condom availability programs are accepted by students and can be an appropriate and relevant school-based intervention for teens. Condom availability programs can increase condom use, but more evaluations are needed on CAP impact on rates of HIV, STIs, and unintended pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Liddon
- 2 Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sandra Leonard
- 2 Division of Adolescent and School Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Algur E, Wang E, Friedman HS, Deperthes B. A Systematic Global Review of Condom Availability Programs in High Schools. J Adolesc Health 2019; 64:292-304. [PMID: 30819331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High levels of HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and pregnancy among adolescents has motivated some countries to consider the implementation of condom availability programs (CAPs) in high schools. In this present study, we analyzed the impact of CAP on students' sexual behaviors and health outcomes. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles published between 1990 and 2017. RESULTS Twenty-nine articles from seven countries were included in this review. We found that CAP does not increase sexual activity nor lead to a greater number of sexual partners. It also does not lower the age of sexual initiation. A majority of the studies reported an increase in condom uptake and use at last sex among students with CAP. All the studies that examined STI found a decrease of STI symptoms and rates for students with CAP compared with the control group. The data on HIV rates was inconclusive. There was no difference in pregnancy rates associated with participation in CAP programs. CONCLUSION This global literature review showed that the fears surrounding CAP and promiscuity are unfounded. Once CAP is in place, students utilize it, and condom use increases, which translates to improved sexual health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Algur
- Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Elin Wang
- Department of Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Bidia Deperthes
- Department of Global Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Satcher D. The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Promote Sexual Health and Responsible Sexual Behavior. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2001.10603498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reece M, Mark K, Schick V, Herbenick D, Dodge B. Patterns of condom acquisition by condom-using men in the United States. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2010; 24:429-33. [PMID: 20586647 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2010.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Condom-distribution programs have striven to make condoms more accessible to sexually active individuals, particularly adolescents and populations disproportionately affected by HIV and other STIs. Despite such programs, little is known about where condom-using men in the United States acquire their condoms. The purpose of this study was to document condom-access trends among a large sample of sexually active condom-using men in the United States. Data were collected from 1,832 men from all 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia by using an Internet-based survey in which men provided details regarding the source of condoms that they had used within the past 30 days. Men reported acquiring their condoms from a variety of sources, including free condom-distribution programs (56.7%) and from venues where they had purchased condoms for themselves (75.7%). Bivariate analyses indicated that participants who reported using free condoms tended to be younger, self-identified as not heterosexual, or not currently in a monogamous relationship. Further, results indicated that those participants who accessed only free condoms did not differ from those who used only purchased condoms, indicating that perhaps efforts to make condoms more accessible through public health distribution campaigns are reaching a more general population of condom-using men than expected. Findings illustrate the importance of continuing free condom-distribution efforts but also suggest benefits of facilitating linkages between public health and a community's retail venues to increase access to the growing diversity of condoms in the marketplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Reece
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Kristen Mark
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Vanessa Schick
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Debra Herbenick
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Brian Dodge
- Center for Sexual Health Promotion, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Parent Attitudes and Support of School-Based Sexuality and HIV/AIDS Education Programs in a Local School District. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1300/j129v05n03_04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Eisenberg ME, Bernat DH, Bearinger LH, Resnick MD. Condom provision and education in Minnesota public schools: a telephone survey of parents. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2009; 79:416-439. [PMID: 19691716 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing correct and consistent condom use among sexually active adolescents continues to be a critical public health goal, with schools serving as key agents for achieving this goal through sexuality education and condom use provision. This research aims to describe the views of parents regarding school-based condom distribution and education programs, and examines how these views differ across demographic groups. METHODS Parents of school-age children in Minnesota were surveyed in telephone interviews (N = 1605; 63% participation) regarding their beliefs about condom availability and education. Chi-square tests of significance were used to detect differences in agreement with each statement for 10 demographic and personal characteristics. RESULTS A majority of respondents held supportive views about condom availability and education programs. Strongest support centered on statements in the survey about teenagers needing information about condoms (86%) and showing actual condoms during classroom lessons (77%). Approximately two thirds of the parents agreed that school-based instruction about condoms should be "allowed" at the high school level (65%), and one fifth (21%) believed that this type of education should be "required." Support for condom availability and education programs differed significantly according to certain personal characteristics, with less supportive views from self-identified Born Again Christians and politically conservative parents. CONCLUSIONS Public discourse regarding school-based sexuality education should include the viewpoints of parents of school-aged children as key stakeholders. Parents' perspectives provide unique and critical insights that school administrators and educators should consider as they develop educational and programmatic offerings regarding condoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware St. SE, 3rd floor, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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Allgood KL, Silva A, Shah A, Whitman S. HIV testing practices and attitudes on prevention efforts in six diverse Chicago communities. J Community Health 2009; 34:514-22. [PMID: 19705263 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-009-9177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Data describing local level HIV testing practices and attitudes regarding HIV prevention are rarely available, yet would be useful for HIV policy and evaluation. A comprehensive health survey was conducted in six community areas of Chicago (n = 1,699) in 2002-2003. The HIV prevention module of this survey was used for this analysis. The proportion that ever tested for HIV ranged from 40 to 75% and 11 to 38% were tested in the past 12 months. Residents favored: needle exchange programs (59-77%), HIV information in high schools (95-100%) and elementary schools (85-94%), and condom distribution in high schools (74-93%). Attitudes were less favorable regarding pharmacies selling clean needles (37-58%) and condom distribution in elementary schools (22-66%). Adults in these areas are over three times more likely to have been tested recently than adults nationally. Residents strongly favor community based HIV prevention initiatives such as needle exchange programs, condom distribution in high schools, and HIV prevention taught in schools. These evidence-based observations may be valuable in planning HIV prevention programs and in shaping policy.
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Zellner JA, Martinez-Donate AP, Hovell MF, Sipan CL, Blumberg EJ, Carrizosa CM, Rovniak L. Feasibility and use of school-based condom availability programs in Tijuana, Mexico. AIDS Behav 2006; 10:649-57. [PMID: 16715349 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-006-9105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Condom availability programs (CAPs) may increase access to condoms and contribute to increased condom use among youth. This study describes the characteristics, degree of satisfaction, and gender differences among users of a CAP implemented in two high schools in Tijuana (Baja California, Mexico). A kiosk distributing free male condoms was set up in two high schools in Tijuana. Kiosk users (N=570) were more likely to be male, young, and/or enrolled in a lower SES school. Most kiosk users were either sexually active or planning to have sex. Females were less likely to request condoms and to continue using the kiosk, but more likely to request information on other contraceptive methods. Results demonstrate the feasibility of implementing CAPs in Mexican schools and suggest that these programs can improve adolescents' condom access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Zellner
- Center for Behavioral Epidemiology and Community Health, CBEACH, Graduate School of Public Health, GSPH, San Diego State University, SDSU, California 92123, USA
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Blake SM, Ledsky R, Goodenow C, Sawyer R, Lohrmann D, Windsor R. Condom availability programs in Massachusetts high schools: relationships with condom use and sexual behavior. Am J Public Health 2003; 93:955-62. [PMID: 12773362 PMCID: PMC1447877 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.93.6.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed relationships between condom availability programs accompanied by community discussion and involvement and adolescent sexual practices. METHODS Sexual practice and condom use differences were assessed in a representative sample of 4166 adolescents enrolled in high schools with and without condom availability programs. RESULTS Adolescents in schools where condoms were available were more likely to receive condom use instruction and less likely to report lifetime or recent sexual intercourse. Sexually active adolescents in those schools were twice as likely to use condoms, but less likely to use other contraceptive methods, during their most recent sexual encounter. CONCLUSIONS The strategy of making condoms available, an indication of socioenvironmental support for condom use, may improve HIV prevention practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Blake
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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Fortenberry JD. Clinic-based service programs for increasing responsible sexual behavior. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2002; 39:63-66. [PMID: 12476259 DOI: 10.1080/00224490209552122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Three general classes of clinic-based programs to increase responsible sexual behavior are considered: (a) clinic-based educational/counseling programs, (b) school clinic-based condom distribution programs, and (c) clinic-based STD/HIV screening programs. Consistent condom use may double in response to clinic-based counseling. However, consistent use seldom exceeds 50% of coital exposures. Extensive and personalized counseling interventions reduce incident sexually transmitted infections by 5% to 10%. Increases in responsible sexual behavior following school-based condom distribution programs is reported in some but not in all studies. Screening programs for sexually transmitted infections are associated with decreases in rates of some infections. STD/HIV screening should be considered an important aspect of healthy sexuality and an adjunct to other counseling efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dennis Fortenberry
- Riley Outpatient Parking Garage, Room 070, Indiana University, 575 N. West St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Schenker I. New challenges for school AIDS education within an evolving HIV pandemic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03220081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Orner MB, Meehan T, Brooks DR, Mucci LA, McGuire JF. Support for condom availability and needle exchange programs among Massachusetts adults, 1997. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2001; 13:365-376. [PMID: 11565595 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.13.4.365.21428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine whether demographic factors, variables related to HIV risk status, or personal attitudes predicted public support for condom availability programs in high schools and needle exchange programs. Data for these analyses were collected from the 1997 Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) among adults aged 18-64. Overall, 79% of Massachusetts adults aged 18-64 supported condom availability programs, and 60% supported needle exchange programs. Younger age was the strongest demographic predictor of support for condom availability, and higher socioeconomic status was the strongest predictor of support for needle exchange programs. Support for both programs was weakly associated with personal HIV risk status but strongly associated with positive attitudes toward teaching about HIV in schools and advising sexually active teens to use condoms. Our data suggest that there is broad-based public support for implementation of condom availability and needle exchange programs as tools for HIV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Orner
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Bureau of Health Statistics, Research, and Evaluation, Boston 02108, USA
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Lindley LL, Reininger BM, Saunders RP. Support for school-based reproductive health services among South Carolina voters. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2001; 71:66-72. [PMID: 11247382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2001.tb06494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In 1997 a statewide random digit-dialed telephone survey of 534 South Carolina registered voters was conducted to determine level of support for school-based reproductive health services. Results indicated most voters supported services in secondary schools that would provide students with information and counseling about contraceptive methods and refer students to community-based agencies for abstinence education and counseling. Voters were less supportive of reproductive health services that would diagnose or treat sexually transmitted diseases, test for pregnancy, refer students to community-based agencies for contraceptives, or make contraceptives available to students at school. Significant associations in support for school-based reproductive health services were reported based on income, personal beliefs, intentions, and outcome expectations regarding sexuality education and contraceptive availability. These data reinforce the need for school-aged youth in South Carolina to have access to reproductive health services within their communities, outside of the school setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Lindley
- Dept. of Public Health, Western Kentucky University, 1 Big Red Way, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA.
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Kennedy MG, Mizuno Y, Seals BF, Myllyluoma J, Weeks-Norton K. Increasing condom use among adolescents with coalition-based social marketing. AIDS 2000; 14:1809-18. [PMID: 10985319 DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200008180-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated a multimodal social marketing intervention to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV infection among adolescents in Sacramento, California, USA. DESIGN Five rounds of a cross-sectional random sample telephone survey were conducted from December 1996 to October 1998. The total number of respondents was 1402. RESULTS A statistically significant, increasing trend in exposure to the intervention was detected. The number of channels through which an adolescent had been exposed to the intervention was associated with condom use at last sex with main partner [odds ratio (OR) 1.26, P < 0.01] and with psychosocial determinants of this behavior. After statistical adjustments for sex, age, and race/ethnicity to make the survey rounds comparable, the proportion of adolescents who had used a condom at last sex increased 4.3 percentage points over the 1 year intervention period. CONCLUSION Social marketing can be combined with behavioral science to reduce the risk of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among adolescents in a large geographical area. Such a reduction can exceed expectations based on national secular trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Kennedy
- Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA
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Rotheram-Borus MJ, O'Keefe Z, Kracker R, Foo HH. Prevention of HIV among adolescents. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2000; 1:15-30. [PMID: 11507791 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010071932238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents are at risk for HIV primarily through their sexual behavior. A comprehensive prevention strategy includes a national HIV campaign based on social marketing principles; targeted social marketing, intensive skill building, and sexually transmitted disease control programs for youth at high risk; programs targeting institutions (e.g., school health clinics), providers, and parents; and interventions to identify and reduce risk acts among seropositive youth. The U.S. focus for HIV prevention has been single-session educational classes (an ineffective strategy) or intensive multi-session, small-group interventions for youth at high risk (demonstrated to increase condom use by about 30%). There is a need to expand the range, modalities, and dissemination of HIV prevention programs nationally, to recognize (especially by policymakers) limitations of abstinence programs, and to increase early detection of HIV among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Rotheram-Borus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 350, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
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Lindley LL, Reininger BM, Vincent ML, Richter DL, Saunders RP, Shi L. Support for school-based sexuality education among South Carolina voters. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 1998; 68:205-212. [PMID: 9672860 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.1998.tb01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A random-digit dialed telephone survey was conducted in a traditionally conservative southern state to determine the level of support for sexuality education in the public schools including support for specific sexuality education topics, the earliest grade level at which each topic should be taught, and the amount of instruction time required for sexuality education in the high schools. Survey data were obtained from 534 South Carolina registered voters in late January/early February 1997. Results demonstrated that most South Carolina registered voters: 1) supported sexuality education in the public schools; 2) supported instruction on a variety of sexuality education topics; 3) supported instruction at all grade levels, especially beginning in middle school; and 4) believed instruction time for sexuality education in the high schools should either remain the same or be increased. In addition, a significant increase in support for sexuality education occurred from the beginning of the survey to the end, suggesting that the instrument itself may have served as an educational tool for respondents. The characteristics of registered voters who supported sexuality education at the beginning of the survey and at the end were examined and compared. These results may assist in the development of educational and marketing strategies designed to build support for school-based sexuality education programs in South Carolina and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Lindley
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Schuster MA, Bell RM, Berry SH, Kanouse DE. Students' acquisition and use of school condoms in a high school condom availability program. Pediatrics 1997; 100:689-94. [PMID: 9310526 DOI: 10.1542/peds.100.4.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine what students know about a condom availability program in their high school, how they react to the program, whether they obtain condoms from it, and what they do with these condoms. DESIGN Self-administered anonymous survey conducted 1 year after the program began. SETTING An urban California school district. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1112 students, 9th through 12th grade, 59% of eligible students present on the survey day. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES History of obtaining condoms from the program, use of these condoms, knowledge about the program, and attitudes toward the program. RESULTS Forty-eight percent of students had personally taken school condoms, and another 5% had gotten them from someone else, for a total of 53% who had obtained school condoms. Seventy percent of nonvirgins and 38% of virgins obtained condoms. Males were more likely than females to have obtained condoms (60% vs 45%). Fifty-four percent of students who had obtained school condoms had used them for sexual activity: 52% had used them for vaginal intercourse, 7% for anal intercourse, and 4% for fellatio. Students also explored school condoms without having sex, eg, removing them from the packet, putting them on fingers, or putting them on their penis or a partner's penis. Thirty-four percent of students who had used a condom for vaginal intercourse during the previous year had obtained the condom they last used from school, with more males than females reporting the school as their source (41% vs 26%). Eighty-eight percent of students knew that all students were allowed to obtain condoms, and 74% knew that parental permission was not required. Students generally supported the condom program: 88% thought the school should give out condoms, and 79% thought that if the school were to require parental permission for students to get condoms, students would get them less often than with the present system (which does not require permission). Thirteen percent agreed and 71% disagreed that "having condoms available at school makes it harder for someone who doesn't want to have sex to say no." CONCLUSIONS Providing high school students with direct access to condoms leads to widespread use of school condoms, both for sexual activity and for exploratory activities that familiarize students with condoms. Condoms are of interest to both students who have and students who have not engaged in sexual activities for which condoms are recommended.
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Guttmacher S, Lieberman L, Ward D, Freudenberg N, Radosh A, Des Jarlais D. Condom availability in New York City public high schools: relationships to condom use and sexual behavior. Am J Public Health 1997; 87:1427-33. [PMID: 9314792 PMCID: PMC1380965 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.87.9.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines the impact of the condom availability program in New York City public high schools by comparing rates of sexual activity and condom use for New York students and similar students in Chicago. METHODS A total of 7119 students from 12 randomly selected New York schools and 5738 students from 10 Chicago schools participated in a cross-sectional survey. RESULTS New York students, compared with Chicago students, reported equal rates of sexual activity but higher rates of condom use at last intercourse (odds ratio [OR] = 1.36). For higher-risk students (those with three or more sexual partners in the past 6 months), condom use was greater in New York (OR = 1.85) than in Chicago. CONCLUSIONS Condom availability has a modest but significant effect on condom use and does not increase rates of sexual activity. These findings suggest that school-based condom availability can lower the risk of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases for urban teenagers in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guttmacher
- Department of Health Studies, New York University, New York 10003, USA
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Rotheram-Borus MJ. Annotation: HIV prevention challenges-realistic strategies and early detection programs. Am J Public Health 1997; 87:544-6. [PMID: 9146426 PMCID: PMC1380827 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.87.4.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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