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Protasi F, Pietrangelo L, Boncompagni S. Improper Remodeling of Organelles Deputed to Ca 2+ Handling and Aerobic ATP Production Underlies Muscle Dysfunction in Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6195. [PMID: 34201319 PMCID: PMC8228829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper skeletal muscle function is controlled by intracellular Ca2+ concentration and by efficient production of energy (ATP), which, in turn, depend on: (a) the release and re-uptake of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic-reticulum (SR) during excitation-contraction (EC) coupling, which controls the contraction and relaxation of sarcomeres; (b) the uptake of Ca2+ into the mitochondrial matrix, which stimulates aerobic ATP production; and finally (c) the entry of Ca2+ from the extracellular space via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), a mechanism that is important to limit/delay muscle fatigue. Abnormalities in Ca2+ handling underlie many physio-pathological conditions, including dysfunction in ageing. The specific focus of this review is to discuss the importance of the proper architecture of organelles and membrane systems involved in the mechanisms introduced above for the correct skeletal muscle function. We reviewed the existing literature about EC coupling, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, SOCE and about the structural membranes and organelles deputed to those functions and finally, we summarized the data collected in different, but complementary, projects studying changes caused by denervation and ageing to the structure and positioning of those organelles: a. denervation of muscle fibers-an event that contributes, to some degree, to muscle loss in ageing (known as sarcopenia)-causes misplacement and damage: (i) of membrane structures involved in EC coupling (calcium release units, CRUs) and (ii) of the mitochondrial network; b. sedentary ageing causes partial disarray/damage of CRUs and of calcium entry units (CEUs, structures involved in SOCE) and loss/misplacement of mitochondria; c. functional electrical stimulation (FES) and regular exercise promote the rescue/maintenance of the proper architecture of CRUs, CEUs, and of mitochondria in both denervation and ageing. All these structural changes were accompanied by related functional changes, i.e., loss/decay in function caused by denervation and ageing, and improved function following FES or exercise. These data suggest that the integrity and proper disposition of intracellular organelles deputed to Ca2+ handling and aerobic generation of ATP is challenged by inactivity (or reduced activity); modifications in the architecture of these intracellular membrane systems may contribute to muscle dysfunction in ageing and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feliciano Protasi
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.P.); (S.B.)
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pietrangelo
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.P.); (S.B.)
- DMSI, Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- CAST, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.P.); (S.B.)
- DNICS, Department of Neuroscience and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
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Carraro U. Exciting perspectives for Translational Myology in the Abstracts of the 2018Spring PaduaMuscleDays: Giovanni Salviati Memorial - Chapter I - Foreword. Eur J Transl Myol 2018; 28:7363. [PMID: 29686822 PMCID: PMC5895991 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2018.7363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myologists working in Padua (Italy) were able to continue a half-century tradition of studies of skeletal muscles, that started with a research on fever, specifically if and how skeletal muscle contribute to it by burning bacterial toxin. Beside main publications in high-impact-factor journals by Padua myologists, I hope to convince readers (and myself) of the relevance of the editing Basic and Applied Myology (BAM), retitled from 2010 European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM), of the institution of the Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology of the University of Padova (CIR-Myo), and of a long series of International Conferences organized in Euganei Hills and Padova, that is, the PaduaMuscleDays. The 2018Spring PaduaMuscleDays (2018SpPMD), were held in Euganei Hills and Padua (Italy), in March 14-17, and were dedicated to Giovanni Salviati. The main event of the "Giovanni Salviati Memorial", was held in the Aula Guariento, Accademia Galileiana di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti of Padua to honor a beloved friend and excellent scientist 20 years after his premature passing. Using the words of Prof. Nicola Rizzuto, we all share his believe that Giovanni "will be remembered not only for his talent and originality as a biochemist, but also for his unassuming and humanistic personality, a rare quality in highly successful people like Giovanni. The best way to remember such a person is to gather pupils and colleagues, who shared with him the same scientific interests and ask them to discuss recent advances in their own fields, just as Giovanni have liked to do". Since Giovanni's friends sent many abstracts still influenced by their previous collaboration with him, all the Sessions of the 2018SpPMD reflect both to the research aims of Giovanni Salviati and the traditional topics of the PaduaMuscleDays, that is, basics and applications of physical, molecular and cellular strategies to maintain or recover functions of skeletal muscles. The translational researches summarized in the 2018SpPMD Abstracts are at the appropriate high level to attract approval of Ethical Committees, the interest of International Granting Agencies and approval for publication in top quality, international journals. This was true in the past, continues to be true in the present and will be true in the future. All 2018SpPMD Abstracts are indexed at the end of the Chapter IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- Laboratory of Translational Myology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova.,A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova.,IRCCS Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo, Venezia-Lido, Italy
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Gaboardi AJ, Kressler J, Snow TK, Balog EM. Aging impairs regulation of ryanodine receptors from extensor digitorum longus but not soleus muscles. Muscle Nerve 2018; 57:1022-1025. [PMID: 29315676 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because impaired excitation-contraction coupling and reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release may contribute to the age-associated decline in skeletal muscle strength, we investigated the effect of aging on regulation of the skeletal muscle isoform of the ryanodine receptor (RyR1) by physiological channel ligands. METHODS [3 H]Ryanodine binding to membranes from 8- and 26-month-old Fischer 344 extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles was used to investigate the effects of age on RyR1 modulation by Ca2+ and calmodulin (CaM). RESULTS Aging reduced maximal Ca2+ -stimulated binding to EDL membranes. In 0.3 μM Ca2+ , age reduced binding and CaM increased binding to EDL membranes. In 300 μM Ca2+ , CaM reduced binding, but the age effect was not significant. Aging did not affect Ca2+ or CaM regulation of soleus RyR1. DISCUSSION In aged fast-twitch muscle, impaired RyR1 Ca2+ regulation may contribute to lower SR Ca2+ release and reduced muscle function. Muscle Nerve 57: 1022-1025, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J Gaboardi
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 281 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jochen Kressler
- Exercise and Nutritional Sciences Department, School of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Teresa K Snow
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 281 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Edward M Balog
- School of Applied Physiology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 281 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Bondì M, Germinario E, Pirazzini M, Zanetti G, Cencetti F, Donati C, Gorza L, Betto R, Bruni P, Danieli-Betto D. Ablation of S1P3 receptor protects mouse soleus from age-related drop in muscle mass, force, and regenerative capacity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 313:C54-C67. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00027.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of S1P3 deficiency on the age-related atrophy, decline in force, and regenerative capacity of soleus muscle from 23-mo-old male (old) mice. Compared with muscle from 5-mo-old (adult) mice, soleus mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in old wild-type mice were reduced by ~26% and 24%, respectively. By contrast, the mass and fiber CSA of soleus muscle in old S1P3-null mice were comparable to those of adult muscle. Moreover, in soleus muscle of wild-type mice, twitch and tetanic tensions diminished from adulthood to old age. A slowing of contractile properties was also observed in soleus from old wild-type mice. In S1P3-null mice, neither force nor the contractile properties of soleus changed during aging. We also evaluated the regenerative capacity of soleus in old S1P3-null mice by stimulating muscle regeneration through myotoxic injury. After 10 days of regeneration, the mean fiber CSA of soleus in old wild-type mice was significantly smaller (−28%) compared with that of regenerated muscle in adult mice. On the contrary, the mean fiber CSA of regenerated soleus in old S1P3-null mice was similar to that of muscle in adult mice. We conclude that in the absence of S1P3, soleus muscle is protected from the decrease in muscle mass and force, and the attenuation of regenerative capacity, all of which are typical characteristics of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Bondì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Germinario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Mario Serio, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy; and
| | - Chiara Donati
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Mario Serio, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy; and
| | - Luisa Gorza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Romeo Betto
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- National Research Council-Institute for Neuroscience, Padua, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Mario Serio, University of Firenze, Florence, Italy; and
| | - Daniela Danieli-Betto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology, Italy
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Inoue T, Hashimoto M, Katakura M, Tanabe Y, Al Mamun A, Matsuzaki K, Otani H, Shido O. Effects of chronic administration of arachidonic acid on lipid profiles and morphology in the skeletal muscles of aged rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:119-27. [PMID: 25128088 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (20:4n-6, ARA) is a major component of the cell membrane, whereas ARA-derived eicosanoids are formed when cells are damaged. Aging is associated with an accretion of oxidative stress in skeletal muscles. In this study, we examined the effects of chronic administration (13 weeks) of ARA (240 mg/kg/day) on fatty acid composition, antioxidative status, and morphology of slow (soleus muscles) and fast (extensor digitorum longus muscles; EDL)-twitch muscles in aged rats (21 months old). The level of reactive oxygen species was higher in the EDL of ARA-administered rats than in that of control rats. ARA administration decreased the muscle cell volumes and increased the number of slow myosin heavy chain (MHC)-positive cells in the EDL. The relative content of MHC2X was increased whereas the relative content of MHC2B was decreased in the EDL of ARA-administered rats. These results suggest that ARA deposition in the fast-twitch muscle of aged rats reduced cell volume with an increase in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Inoue
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanabe
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kentaro Matsuzaki
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroki Otani
- Department of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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Thomas MM, Vigna C, Betik AC, Tupling AR, Hepple RT. Initiating treadmill training in late middle age offers modest adaptations in Ca2+ handling but enhances oxidative damage in senescent rat skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 298:R1269-78. [PMID: 20200131 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00663.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aging skeletal muscle shows an increased time to peak force and relaxation and a decreased specific force, all of which could relate to changes in muscle Ca(2+) handling. The purpose of this study was to determine if Ca(2+)-handling protein content and function are decreased in senescent gastrocnemius muscle and if initiating a training program in late middle age (LMA, 29 mo old) could improve function in senescent (34- to 36-mo-old) muscle. LMA male Fischer 344 x Brown-Norway rats underwent 5-7 mo of treadmill training. Aging resulted in a decrease in maximal sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) activity and a decrease in Ca(2+) release rate but no change in Ca(2+) uptake rate. Efficiency of the Ca(2+) pump was increased with age, as was the content of SERCA2a. Training caused a further increase in SERCA2a content. Aging also caused an increase in protein carbonyl and reactive nitrogen species damage accumulation, and both further increased with training. Consistent with the increase in oxidative damage, heat shock protein 70 content was increased with age and further increased with training. Together, these results suggest that while initiating exercise training in LMA augments the age-related increase in expression of heat shock protein 70 and the more efficient SERCA2a isoform, it did not prevent the decrease in SERCA activity and exacerbated oxidative damage in senescent gastrocnemius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Thomas
- Muscle and Aging Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Łochyński D, Krutki P, Celichowski J. Effect of ageing on the regulation of motor unit force in rat medial gastrocnemius muscle. Exp Gerontol 2007; 43:218-28. [PMID: 18160241 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The influence of ageing on the regulation of force through the firing rate (force-frequency relationship) and motor unit contractile output were investigated in three types of motor unit (MU): FF, FR and S, in the medial gastrocnemius muscle. A control group of young (5-10 months) Wistar rats was compared to three groups of older (20-21, 24-25 and 28-30 months) animals. The optimal tetanus characterized by the maximum contractile output (force-time area - FTA - per single pulse) was determined. During ageing, the steep part of the force-frequency relationship of medial gastrocnemius MUs shifted towards lower stimulation rates. However, in all MU types of the oldest rats, the opposite shift (towards higher rates) was observed. Ageing induced a substantial increase in the maximal FTA per pulse, particularly in S and FF units, but only subtly altered the fusion index of the optimal tetanus of MUs. Moreover, a transient increase in the mean forces of FF MUs was revealed in the groups of 20-21 and 24-25 months rats, and a significant decrease in the fatigue resistance of FR MUs accompanied ageing. These findings increase our understanding of the functional mechanisms responsible for changes in rate coding and alterations in muscle fatigability during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Łochyński
- Department of Neurobiology, University School of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland.
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Boncompagni S, d'Amelio L, Fulle S, Fanò G, Protasi F. Progressive disorganization of the excitation-contraction coupling apparatus in aging human skeletal muscle as revealed by electron microscopy: a possible role in the decline of muscle performance. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006; 61:995-1008. [PMID: 17077192 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/61.10.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An impairment of the mechanisms controlling the release of calcium from internal stores (excitation-contraction [EC] coupling) has been proposed to contribute to the age-related decline of muscle performance that accompanies aging (EC uncoupling theory). EC coupling in muscle fibers occurs at the junctions between sarcoplasmic reticulum and transverse tubules, in structures called calcium release units (CRUs). We studied the frequency, cellular localization, and ultrastructure of CRUs in human muscle biopsies from male and female participants with ages ranging from 28 to 83 years. Our results show significant alterations in the CRUs' morphology and cellular disposition, and a significant decrease in their frequency between control and aged samples: 24.4/100 microm(2) (n = 2) versus 11.6/100 microm(2) (n = 7). These data indicate that in aging humans the EC coupling apparatus undergoes a partial disarrangement and a spatial reorganization that could interfere with an efficient delivery of Ca(2+) ions to the contractile proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Boncompagni
- CeSI, Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Università degli Studi G. d'Annunzio, Chieti, CH I-66013, Italy
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Picquet F, Bouet V, Cochon L, Lacour M, Falempin M. Changes in rat soleus muscle phenotype consecutive to a growth in hypergravity followed by normogravity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005; 289:R217-24. [PMID: 15774767 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00596.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that a long-term stay in hypergravity (HG: 2G) modified the phenotype and the contractile properties of rat soleus muscle. The ability of this muscle to contract was drastically reduced, which is a sign of anticipated aging. Consequently, our aim was to determine whether rats conceived, born, and reared in hypergravity showed adaptative capacities in normogravity (NG: 1G). This study was performed on rats divided into two series: the first was reared in HG until 100 days and was submitted to normogravity until 115 to 220 postnatal days (HG-NG rats); the second was made up of age paired groups reared in normogravity (NG rats). The contractile, morphological, and phenotypical properties of soleus muscle were studied. Our results showed that the NG rats were characterized by coexpressions of slow and fast myosin, respectively, 76.5 and 23.5% at 115 days. During their postnatal maturation, the fast isoform was gradually replaced by slow myosin. At 220 days, the relative proportions were respectively 91.05% and 8.95%. From 115 to 220 days, the HG-NG rats expressed 100% of slow myosin isoform and they presented a slower contractile behavior compared with their age-matched groups; at 115 days, the whole muscle contraction time was increased by 35%, and by 15%, at 220 days. Our study underlined the importance of gravity in the muscular development and suggested the existence of critical periods in muscle phenotype installation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Picquet
- Laboratoire de Plasticité Neuromusculaire, UPRES EA 1032, IFR 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bat SN4, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France.
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Snow LM, McLoon LK, Thompson LV. Adult and developmental myosin heavy chain isoforms in soleus muscle of aging Fischer Brown Norway rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 286:866-73. [PMID: 16086433 DOI: 10.1002/ar.a.20218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Fiber type shifts in aging skeletal muscle have been studied with myofibrillar ATPase histochemistry and gel electrophoresis, but less commonly with immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical study of myosin heavy chains (MHCs) in single myofibers yields additional information about aged skeletal muscle. Furthermore, many studies of aging rodent skeletal muscle have been performed on fast-MHC-predominant muscle and in several different strains. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemically MHC characteristics in the slow-MHC-predominant soleus muscle in the Fischer Brown Norway F1 hybrid aging rat (FBN). Three age groups of FBN rats were studied: 12 months, 30 months, and 36 months. Soleus muscles were excised, quick-frozen, and stained immunohistochemically for slow, fast, developmental, and neonatal MHC isoforms. Cross-sections were evaluated for the number and cross-sectional areas of fibers expressing each isoform. Single myofibers in soleus muscles of the aged rats showed significantly greater amounts of coexpression of slow and fast MHC than did younger animals. This change began by 30 months of age, but did not reach statistical significance until 36 months of age. The soleus from 36-month-old rats also expressed greater amounts of developmental MHC than did the other groups. These developmental MHC-positive myofibers also coexpressed either slow or slow and fast MHC. The age-related increase in MHC coexpression of slow with fast isoforms may indicate a fiber type shift suggestive of denervation that outpaces reinnervation. The developmental MHC-positive fibers provide evidence of ongoing myofiber remodeling in the oldest rats in the midst of the fiber degeneration of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leann M Snow
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Plant DR, Lynch GS. Excitation-contraction coupling and sarcoplasmic reticulum function in mechanically skinned fibres from fast skeletal muscles of aged mice. J Physiol 2002; 543:169-76. [PMID: 12181289 PMCID: PMC2290492 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2002.022418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is generally associated with a decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength, and a slowing of muscle contraction, factors that impact upon the quality of life for the elderly. Alterations in Ca2+ handling are thought to contribute to these age-related changes in muscle contractility, yet the effects of ageing on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ handling and the Ca2+ transport system remain unresolved. We used mechanically skinned single fibres from the fast twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from young (4-month-old) and old (27- to 28-month-old) mice to test the hypothesis that the age-related changes in skeletal muscle contractility, especially the slower rate of contraction, are due to changes intrinsic to the muscle fibres. There were no age-related differences in the peak height of depolarization-induced contractile response (DICR) or the number of DICRs elicited before rundown (DICR < 50 % of initial). The time taken to reach peak DICR (TPDICR) was approximately12 % slower in single muscle fibres from old compared with young mice (P < 0.05). The rate of relaxation following DICR was not different in young and old mice. Examination of SR function demonstrated that SR Ca2+ reloading in Ca2+ -depleted skinned fibres was not different in young and old mice, nor was there any age-related difference in Ca2+ leak from the SR. However, low [caffeine] contracture in fibres from old mice was only half of that observed in fibres from young mice (P < 0.05), indicating a lower sensitivity of the SR Ca2+ release channel (CRC) to caffeine. We found no difference in maximum Ca2+ -activated force (P(o)) or specific force (sP(o); P(o) corrected for cross-sectional area) in EDL muscle fibres from young and old mice. Impaired excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling and a decrease in SR CRC function are mechanisms which are likely to contribute to the overall slowing of muscle contraction with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Plant
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Germinario E, Esposito A, Megighian A, Midrio M, Biral D, Betto R, Danieli-Betto D. Early changes of type 2B fibers after denervation of rat EDL skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2002; 92:2045-52. [PMID: 11960956 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00673.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle type 2B fibers normally receive a moderate level of motoneuron discharge. As a consequence, we hypothesize that type 2B fiber properties should be less sensitive to the absence of the nerve. Therefore, we have investigated the response of sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrillar proteins of type 2B fibers isolated from rat extensor digitorum longus muscle after denervation (2 and 7 days). Single fibers were identified by SDS-PAGE of myosin heavy chain isoforms. Electrophysiological and isometric contractile properties of the whole muscle were also analyzed. The pCa-tension relationship of type 2B single fibers was shifted to the left at 2 days and to right at 7 days after denervation, with significant differences in the Hill coefficients and pCa threshold values in 2- vs. 7-day-denervated fibers. The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake capacity and rate significantly decreased after 2 days of denervation, whereas both increased at 7 days. Caffeine sensitivity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release was transitory and markedly increased in 2-day-denervated fibers. Our results indicate that type 2B fiber functional properties are highly sensitive to the interruption of nerve supply. Moreover, most of 2-day-denervated changes were reverted at 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Germinario
- Dipartimento di Anatomia e Fisiologia Umana, Centro di Studio per la Biologia e la Fisiopatologia Muscolare, I-35131 Padova, Italy
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Gerrits HL, Hopman MT, Sargeant AJ, de Haan A. Reproducibility of contractile properties of the human paralysed and non-paralysed quadriceps muscle. CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2001; 21:105-13. [PMID: 11168304 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2281.2001.00293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the reproducibility of electrically evoked, isometric quadriceps contractile properties in eight people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and eight able-bodied (AB) individuals. Over all, the pooled coefficients of variation (CVps) in the SCI group were significantly lower (ranging from 0.03 to 0.15) than in the AB group (ranging from 0.08 to 0.21) (P<0.05). Furthermore, in all subjects, the variability of force production increased as stimulation frequency decreased (P<0.01). In subjects with SCI, variables of contractile speed are clearly less reproducible than tetanic tension or resistance to fatigue. Contractile properties of quadriceps muscles of SCI subjects were significantly different from that of AB subjects. Muscles of people with SCI were less fatigue resistant (P<0.05) and produced force-frequency relationships that were shifted to the left, compared with AB controls (P<.01). In addition, fusion of force responses resulting from 10 Hz stimulation was reduced (P<.05) and speed of contraction (but not relaxation) was increased (P<0.05), indicating an increased contractile speed in paralysed muscles compared with non-paralysed muscles. These results correspond with an expected predominance of fast glycolytic muscle fibres in paralysed muscles. It is concluded that quadriceps dynamometry is a useful technique to study muscle function in non-paralysed as well as in paralysed muscles. Furthermore, these techniques can be reliably used, for example, to assess therapeutic interventions on paralysed muscles provided that expected differences in relative tetanic tension and fatigue resistance are larger than approximately 5% and differences in contractile speed are larger than approximately 15%.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Gerrits
- Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Vrije University Amsterdam, v/d Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an extremely heterogeneous tissue composed of a variety of fast and slow fiber types and subtypes. Moreover, muscle fibers are versatile entities capable of adjusting their phenotypic properties in response to altered functional demands. Major differences between muscle fiber types relate to their myosin complement, i.e., isoforms of myosin light and heavy chains. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms appear to represent the most appropriate markers for fiber type delineation. On this basis, pure fiber types are characterized by the expression of a single MHC isoform, whereas hybrid fiber type express two or more MHC isoforms. Hybrid fibers bridge the gap between the pure fiber types. The fiber population of skeletal muscles, thus, encompasses a continuum of pure and hybrid fiber types. Under certain conditions, changes can be induced in MHC isoform expression heading in the direction of either fast-to-slow or slow-to-fast. Increased neuromuscular activity, mechanical loading, and hypothyroidism are conditions that induce fast-to-slow transitions, whereas reduced neuromuscular activity, mechanical unloading, and hyperthyroidism cause transitions in the slow-to-fast direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pette
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78547 Konstanz, Germany
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15
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Danieli-Betto D, Germinario E, Esposito A, Biral D, Betto R. Effects of fatigue on sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrillar properties of rat single muscle fibers. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2000; 89:891-8. [PMID: 10956331 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2000.89.3.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Force decline during fatigue in skeletal muscle is attributed mainly to progressive alterations of the intracellular milieu. Metabolite changes and the decline in free myoplasmic calcium influence the activation and contractile processes. This study was aimed at evaluating whether fatigue also causes persistent modifications of key myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) proteins that contribute to tension reduction. The presence of such modifications was investigated in chemically skinned fibers, a procedure that replaces the fatigued cytoplasm from the muscle fiber with a normal medium. Myofibrillar Ca(2+) sensitivity was reduced in slow-twitch muscle (for example, the pCa value corresponding to 50% of maximum tension was 6.23 +/- 0.03 vs. 5.99 + 0.05, P < 0.01, in rested and fatigued fibers) and not modified in fast-twitch muscle. Phosphorylation of the regulatory myosin light chain isoform increased in fast-twitch muscle. The rate of SR Ca(2+) uptake was increased in slow-twitch muscle fibers (14.2 +/- 1.0 vs. 19.6 +/- 2. 5 nmol. min(-1). mg fiber protein(-1), P < 0.05) and not altered in fast-twitch fibers. No persistent modifications of SR Ca(2+) release properties were found. These results indicate that persistent modifications of myofibrillar and SR properties contribute to fatigue-induced muscle force decline only in slow fibers. These alterations may be either enhanced or counteracted, in vivo, by the metabolic changes that normally occur during fatigue development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Danieli-Betto
- Dipartimento di Anatomia e Fisiologia Umana, Centro di Studio per la Biologia e la Fisiopatologia Muscolare, I-35131 Padova, Italy.
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16
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Damiani E, Sacchetto R, Margreth A. Variation of phospholamban in slow-twitch muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum between mammalian species and a link to the substrate specificity of endogenous Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1464:231-41. [PMID: 10727610 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Systematic immunological and biochemical studies indicate that the level of expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase regulatory protein phospholamban (PLB) in mammalian slow-twitch fibers varies from zero, in the rat, to significant levels in the rabbit, and even higher in humans. The lack of PLB expression in the rat, at the mRNA level, is shown to be exclusive to slow-twitch skeletal muscle, and not to be shared by the heart, thus suggesting a tissue-specific, in addition to a species-specific regulation of PLB. A comparison of sucrose density-purified SR of rat and rabbit slow-twitch muscle, with regard to protein compositional and phosphorylation properties, demonstrates that the biodiversity is two-fold, i.e. (a) in PLB membrane density; and (b) in the ability of membrane-bound Ca(2+)-calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II to phosphorylate both PLB and SERCA2a (slow-twitch isoform of Ca(2+)-ATPase). The basal phosphorylation state of PLB at Thr-17 in isolated SR vesicles from rabbit slow-twitch muscle, colocalization of CaM K II with PLB and SERCA2a at the same membrane domain, and the divergent subcellular distribution of PKA, taken together, seem to argue for a differential heterogeneity in the regulation of Ca(2+) transport between such muscle and heart muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Damiani
- Department of Experimental Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council Unit for Muscle Biology and Physiopathology, University of Padua, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padua, Italy
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17
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Biral D, Ballarin F, Toscano I, Salviati G, Yu F, Larsson L, Betto R. Gender- and thyroid hormone-related transitions of essential myosin light chain isoform expression in rat soleus muscle during ageing. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1999; 167:317-23. [PMID: 10632633 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.1999.00621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this brief review, the modulatory influence of essential myosin light chain (MLC) isoforms on muscle cell contractility is discussed. Specific interest is focused on the expression of the MLC1Sa and MLC1Sb isoforms in the slow-twitch soleus muscle in male and female rats, during ageing and after thyroid hormone treatment. According to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis, the MLC1Sa/MLC1SB ratio increased during ageing in both males and females in parallel with the age-related decrease in shortening velocity reported in muscle fibres expressing the slow (type 1) myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform. However, the MLC1Sa and MLC1Sb isoform expression responded to thyroid hormone treatment in a complex manner which did not parallel the age-related changes in shortening velocity reported in hyperthyroid animals. Thus, if MLC1Sa and MLC1Sb isoforms modulate shortening velocity in type 1 fibres, then other modulators of shortening velocity are not regulated by thyroid hormone in co-ordination with these essential MLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Biral
- National Research Council Unit for Muscle Biology and Physiopathology, c/o Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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Monemi M, Kadi F, Liu JX, Thornell LE, Eriksson PO. Adverse changes in fibre type and myosin heavy chain compositions of human jaw muscle vs. limb muscle during ageing. ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA 1999; 167:339-45. [PMID: 10632637 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-201x.1999.00624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This review shows that human jaw muscles not only have unique fibre type and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) compositions but also undergo muscle and region-specific changes in fibre composition during ageing. Alterations in the masseter and the lateral pterygoid muscles in the elderly are opposite to those reported for limb and trunk muscles, whereas changes in the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle resemble those of limb and trunk muscles. We conclude that age-related alterations in fibre type composition and MyHC expression are muscle and region specific, probably reflecting muscular differences in genetic programs and epigenetic influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monemi
- Departments of Odontology, Clinical Oral Physiology, Ume¿a University, Sweden
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19
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Gissel H, Clausen T. Excitation-induced Ca2+ uptake in rat skeletal muscle. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1999; 276:R331-9. [PMID: 9950909 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.2.r331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In isolated rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle mounted for isometric contractions, chronic low-frequency electrical stimulation was found to lead to an increased uptake of 45Ca (154% above control after 240 min) and a progressive accumulation of Ca2+ (85% above control after 240 min). In soleus, however, this treatment led to a small, but significant, increase in 45Ca uptake (30% above control after 180 min) but no significant accumulation of Ca2+. In muscles mounted for isotonic contractions without any external load, electrical stimulation gave rise to a larger 45Ca uptake and accumulation of Ca2+ in both EDL and soleus. These uptakes of Ca2+ coincided with an accumulation of Na+. During isometric or isotonic contractions, stimulation at 40 Hz increased the initial (60 s) rate of 45Ca uptake in soleus muscle 15- and 30-fold, respectively. The stimulation-induced increase in 45Ca uptake was only reduced by 17% by the Ca2+-channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil but was blocked by tetrodotoxin. The initial rate of stimulation-induced 22Na and 45Ca uptake was correlated (r = 0.80; P < 0.003). Stimulation of Na+ channels with veratridine increased 45Ca uptake by 93 and 139% in soleus and EDL, respectively (P < 0.001), effects that were abolished by tetrodotoxin. The results indicate that in skeletal muscle, excitation induces a considerable influx of Ca2+, mediated by Na+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gissel
- Department of Physiology, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Arhus C, Denmark
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Pette D, Staron RS. Mammalian skeletal muscle fiber type transitions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1997; 170:143-223. [PMID: 9002237 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61622-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscle is an extremely heterogeneous tissue, composed of a large variety of fiber types. These fibers, however, are not fixed units but represent highly versatile entities capable of responding to altered functional demands and a variety of signals by changing their phenotypic profiles. This adaptive responsiveness is the basis of fiber type transitions. The fiber population of a given muscle is in a dynamic state, constantly adjusting to the current conditions. The full range of adaptive ability spans fast to slow characteristics. However, it is now clear that fiber type transitions do not proceed in immediate jumps from one extreme to the other, but occur in a graded and orderly sequential manner. At the molecular level, the best examples of these stepwise transitions are myofibrillar protein isoform exchanges. For the myosin heavy chain, this entails a sequence going from the fastest (MHCIIb) to the slowest (MHCI) isoform, and vice-versa. Depending on the basal protein isoform profile and hence the position within the fast-slow spectrum, the adaptive ranges of different fibers vary. A simple transition scheme has emerged from the multitude of data collected on fiber type conversions under a variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pette
- Faculty of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
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