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Xu L, Zhang L, Zhang S, Yang J, Zhu A, Sun J, Kalvakolanu DV, Cong X, Zhang J, Tang J, Guo B. Taxifolin inhibits melanoma proliferation/migration impeding USP18/Rac1/JNK/β-catenin oncogenic signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155199. [PMID: 37995531 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic melanoma is a fatal cancer. Despite the advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy for patients with melanoma, drug resistance and low response rates pose a considerable challenge. Taxifolin is a multifunctional natural compound with emerging antitumor potentials. However, its utility in melanoma treatment remains unclear. PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate the effect of purified Taxifolin from Larix olgensis roots (Changbai Mountain, China) on melanoma and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Purified Taxifolin from Larix olgensis roots was evaluated for its antimelanoma effects in vitro and in vivo settings. RNA-seq analysis was performed to explore the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Purified Taxifolin (> 99 %) from Larix olgensis roots inhibited the proliferation and migration of B16F10 melanoma cells at 200 and 400 μM, and of A375 cells at 100 and 200 μM. Taxifolin administered at 60 mg/kg suppressed tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models without causing significant toxicity. Taxifolin modulated USP18/Rac1/JNK/β-catenin axis to exert its antitumor effect. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that Taxifolin derived from Larix olgensis roots may be a promising antimelanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China; Department of Biomedical Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Aonan Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jicheng Sun
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Dhan V Kalvakolanu
- Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xianling Cong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jinnan Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Polymer Science, Chemistry College, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Baofeng Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
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Wagstaff W, Mwamba RN, Grullon K, Armstrong M, Zhao P, Hendren-Santiago B, Qin KH, Li AJ, Hu DA, Youssef A, Reid RR, Luu HH, Shen L, He TC, Haydon RC. Melanoma: Molecular genetics, metastasis, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and therapeutic resistance. Genes Dis 2022; 9:1608-1623. [PMID: 36157497 PMCID: PMC9485270 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a common cancer and cases have steadily increased since the mid 70s. For some patients, early diagnosis and surgical removal of melanomas is lifesaving, while other patients typically turn to molecular targeted therapies and immunotherapies as treatment options. Easy sampling of melanomas allows the scientific community to identify the most prevalent mutations that initiate melanoma such as the BRAF, NRAS, and TERT genes, some of which can be therapeutically targeted. Though initially effective, many tumors acquire resistance to the targeted therapies demonstrating the need to investigate compensatory pathways. Immunotherapies represent an alternative to molecular targeted therapies. However, inter-tumoral immune cell populations dictate initial therapeutic response and even tumors that responded to treatment develop resistance in the long term. As the protocol for combination therapies develop, so will our scientific understanding of the many pathways at play in the progression of melanoma. The future direction of the field may be to find a molecule that connects all of the pathways. Meanwhile, noncoding RNAs have been shown to play important roles in melanoma development and progression. Studying noncoding RNAs may help us to understand how resistance - both primary and acquired - develops; ultimately allow us to harness the true potential of current therapies. This review will cover the basic structure of the skin, the mutations and pathways responsible for transforming melanocytes into melanomas, the process by which melanomas metastasize, targeted therapeutics, and the potential that noncoding RNAs have as a prognostic and treatment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Wagstaff
- The Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rimel N. Mwamba
- The Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Karina Grullon
- The Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mikhayla Armstrong
- The Pritzker School of Medicine, and the Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Bryce Hendren-Santiago
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kevin H. Qin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alexander J. Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Daniel A. Hu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew Youssef
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hue H. Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Le Shen
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Rex C. Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Montico B, Giurato G, Pecoraro G, Salvati A, Covre A, Colizzi F, Steffan A, Weisz A, Maio M, Sigalotti L, Fratta E. The pleiotropic roles of circular and long noncoding RNAs in cutaneous melanoma. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:565-593. [PMID: 34080276 PMCID: PMC8807361 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a very aggressive disease, often characterized by unresponsiveness to conventional therapies and high mortality rates worldwide. The identification of the activating BRAFV600 mutations in approximately 50% of CM patients has recently fueled the development of novel small-molecule inhibitors that specifically target BRAFV600 -mutant CM. In addition, a major progress in CM treatment has been made by monoclonal antibodies that regulate the immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, although target-based therapies and immunotherapeutic strategies have yielded promising results, CM treatment remains a major challenge. In the last decade, accumulating evidence points to the aberrant expression of different types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in CM. While studies on microRNAs have grown exponentially leading to significant insights on CM biology, the role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in this tumor is less understood, and much remains to be discovered. Here, we summarize and critically review the available evidence on the molecular functions of circRNAs and lncRNAs in BRAFV600 -mutant CM and CM immunogenicity, providing recent updates on their functional role in targeted therapy and immunotherapy resistance. In addition, we also include an evaluation of several algorithms and databases for prediction and validation of circRNA and lncRNA functional interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Montico
- Immunopathology and Cancer BiomarkersCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
- Genome Research Center for Health – CRGSUniversity of Salerno Campus of MedicineBaronissiItaly
| | - Giovanni Pecoraro
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
- Genome Research Center for Health – CRGSUniversity of Salerno Campus of MedicineBaronissiItaly
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
| | - Alessia Covre
- Center for Immuno‐OncologyUniversity Hospital of SienaItaly
- University of SienaItaly
| | - Francesca Colizzi
- Immunopathology and Cancer BiomarkersCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer BiomarkersCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and GenomicsDepartment of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry 'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of SalernoBaronissiItaly
- Genome Research Center for Health – CRGSUniversity of Salerno Campus of MedicineBaronissiItaly
| | - Michele Maio
- Center for Immuno‐OncologyUniversity Hospital of SienaItaly
- University of SienaItaly
- NIBIT Foundation OnlusSienaItaly
| | - Luca Sigalotti
- Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics UnitCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
| | - Elisabetta Fratta
- Immunopathology and Cancer BiomarkersCentro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO)IRCCSAvianoItaly
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Pópulo H, Domingues B, Sampaio C, Lopes JM, Soares P. Combinatorial Therapies to Overcome BRAF/MEK Inhibitors Resistance in Melanoma Cells: An in vitro Study. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:521-535. [PMID: 34079392 PMCID: PMC8163970 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s297831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma accounts for only 1% of all skin malignant tumors; however, it is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Since 2011, FDA (Food and Drug Administration) approved several novel therapeutic strategies, such as MAPK pathway targeted therapies, to treat cutaneous melanoma patients. However, their improvements in overall survival were limited, due to the development of resistance. METHODS In this work, several combinations of therapies, including the metabolic modulator DCA, were tested in melanoma cell lines, considering that MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways are deregulated and interconnected in melanoma and that the presence of the Warburg effect in melanoma cells may influence the response to therapy. The effect of the treatments was assessed in the proliferation and survival of melanoma cell lines with different genetic profiles. Also, the possibility to overcome resistance to the treatment with vemurafenib was tested. RESULTS In general, higher decrease in cell viability and cell proliferation and increase in apoptosis were obtained after the combination treatments, comparing with single treatments, in all the studied cell lines. The combination of cobimetinib and everolimus appear to be the best treatment option. The BRAFV600E -vemurafenib resistant melanoma cell line showed to retain sensitivity to both everolimus and DCA. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the combination of MAPK pathway inhibitors with mTOR pathway inhibitors and DCA should be considered as therapeutic options to treat melanoma patients, as the combinations potentiated the effects of each drug alone. In a cell line resistant to vemurafenib, we verified that combined MAPK inhibitors with inhibition of mTOR pathway and/or DCA metabolism modulation might constitute possible strategies in order to overcome resistance to MAPK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pópulo
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, IPATIMUP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Domingues
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, IPATIMUP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Sampaio
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, IPATIMUP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, IPATIMUP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, IPATIMUP, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Zhang L, Meng S, Yan B, Chen J, Zhou L, Shan L, Wang Y. Anti-Proliferative, Pro-Apoptotic, Anti-Migrative and Tumor-Inhibitory Effects and Pleiotropic Mechanism of Theaflavin on B16F10 Melanoma Cells. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:1291-1304. [PMID: 33658796 PMCID: PMC7920628 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s286350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Theaflavin (TF) is a primary pigment of tea, exhibiting anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic activities on cancer cell lines. However, it is unknown whether TF is effective in treating melanoma cells. Methods To determine the effects of TF on melanoma cells, we conducted in vitro assays of cell viability, DAPI staining, wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometry as well as in vivo experiments on B16F10-bearing mouse model. Real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot (WB) were conducted to explore the molecular actions of TF. Results The cell viability assay showed that TF exerted inhibitory effect on B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner from 40 to 400 μg/mL, with IC50 values ranging from 223.8±7.1 to 103.7±7.0 μg/mL. Moreover, TF induced early and late apoptosis and inhibited migration/invasion of B16F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner, indicating its pro-apoptotic and anti-migrative effects. In vivo, TF significantly inhibited B16F10 tumor size in mice model from 40 to 120 mg/kg, which exerted higher effect than that of cisplatin. The molecular data showed that TF significantly up-regulated the mRNA expressions of pro-apoptotic genes (Bax, Casp3, Casp8, c-fos, c-Jun, and c-Myc), up-regulated the protein expressions of apoptosis-related p53 and JNK signaling molecules (ASK1, phosphorylated Chk1/2, cleaved caspase 3, phosphorylated JNK, c-JUN, cleaved PARP, and phosphorylated p53), and down-regulated the protein expressions of proliferation-related MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling molecules (phosphorylated MEK1/2, phosphorylated ERK1/2, phosphorylated PI3K, and phosphorylated AKT) as well as the expressions of MMP2 and MMP9. Conclusion It can be concluded that TB exhibited anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-migrative, and tumor-inhibitory effects on melanoma cells through pleiotropic actions on the above pathways. This study provides new evidence of anti-melanoma efficacy and mechanism of TF, contributing to the development of TF-derived natural products for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Seitz T, Hackl C, Freese K, Dietrich P, Mahli A, Thasler RM, Thasler WE, Lang SA, Bosserhoff AK, Hellerbrand C. Xanthohumol, a Prenylated Chalcone Derived from Hops, Inhibits Growth and Metastasis of Melanoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13030511. [PMID: 33572775 PMCID: PMC7866261 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and lethal cancers worldwide. Despite recent progress in melanoma therapy, the prognosis for metastasized melanoma continues to be poor. Xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated chalcone derived from hop cones, is known to possess a broad spectrum of chemopreventive and anticancer activities. However, few studies have analyzed functional XN effects on melanoma cells and there have been no previous in vivo studies of its effects on metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of XN on the tumorigenic and liver metastatic activity of melanoma cells. XN exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic effects on human melanoma cell lines (Mel Ju; Mel Im) in vitro. Functional analysis in the subtoxic dose-range revealed that XN dose-dependently inhibited proliferation, colony formation, and migratory activity of melanoma cells. Subtoxic XN doses also induced markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress but inhibited the phosphorylation of the protumorigenic c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). Furthermore, XN effects on hepatic metastasis were analyzed in a syngeneic murine model (splenic injection of murine B16 melanoma cells in C57/BL6 mice). Here, XN significantly reduced the formation of hepatic metastasis. Metastases formed in the liver of XN-treated mice revealed significantly larger areas of central necrosis and lower Ki67 expression scores compared to that of control mice. In conclusion, XN inhibits tumorigenicity of melanoma cells in vitro and significantly reduced hepatic metastasis of melanoma cells in mice. These data, in conjunction with an excellent safety profile that has been confirmed in previous studies, indicate XN as a promising novel agent for the treatment of hepatic (melanoma) metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Seitz
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.S.); (K.F.); (P.D.); (A.M.); (A.K.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Hackl
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany;
| | - Kim Freese
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.S.); (K.F.); (P.D.); (A.M.); (A.K.B.)
| | - Peter Dietrich
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.S.); (K.F.); (P.D.); (A.M.); (A.K.B.)
- Medical Clinic 1, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Abdo Mahli
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.S.); (K.F.); (P.D.); (A.M.); (A.K.B.)
| | | | | | - Sven Arke Lang
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.S.); (K.F.); (P.D.); (A.M.); (A.K.B.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen-EMN, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claus Hellerbrand
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Zentrum), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany; (T.S.); (K.F.); (P.D.); (A.M.); (A.K.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) Erlangen-EMN, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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ARNT deficiency represses pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 to trigger ROS production and melanoma metastasis. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:11. [PMID: 33446631 PMCID: PMC7809415 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic changes in melanoma cells that are required for tumor metastasis have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we show that the increase in glucose uptake and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation confers metastatic ability as a result of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) deficiency. In clinical tissue specimens, increased ARNT, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), and NAD(P)H quinine oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) was observed in benign nevi, whereas lower expression was observed in melanoma. The depletion of ARNT dramatically repressed PDK1 and NQO1 expression, which resulted in an increase of ROS levels. The elimination of ROS using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation using carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) and rotenone inhibited the ARNT and PDK1 deficiency-induced cell migration and invasion. In addition, ARNT deficiency in tumor cells manipulated the glycolytic pathway through enhancement of the glucose uptake rate, which reduced glucose dependence. Intriguingly, CCCP and NAC dramatically inhibited ARNT and PDK1 deficiency-induced tumor cell extravasation in mouse models. Our work demonstrates that downregulation of ARNT and PDK1 expression serves as a prognosticator, which confers metastatic potential as the metastasizing cells depend on metabolic changes.
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8
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Prevention of Melanoma Extravasation as a New Treatment Option Exemplified by p38/MK2 Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218344. [PMID: 33172202 PMCID: PMC7664432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma releases numerous tumor cells into the circulation; however, only a very small fraction of these cells is able to establish distant metastasis. Intravascular survival of circulating tumor cells is limited through hemodynamic forces and by the lack of matrix interactions. The extravasation step is, thus, of unique importance to establish metastasis. Similar to leukocyte extravasation, this process is under the control of adhesion molecule pairs expressed on melanoma and endothelial cells, and as for leukocytes, ligands need to be adequately presented on cell surfaces. Based on melanoma plasticity, there is considerable heterogeneity even within one tumor and one patient resulting in a mixture of invasive or proliferative cells. The molecular control for this switch is still ill-defined. Recently, the balance between two kinase pathways, p38 and JNK, has been shown to determine growth characteristics of melanoma. While an active JNK pathway induces a proliferative phenotype with reduced invasive features, an active p38/MK2 pathway results in an invasive phenotype and supports the extravasation step via the expression of molecules capable of binding to endothelial integrins. Therapeutic targeting of MK2 to prevent extravasation might reduce metastatic spread.
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9
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Duval KEA, Vernice NA, Wagner RJ, Fiering SN, Petryk JD, Lowry GJ, Tau SS, Yin J, Houde GR, Chaudhry AS, Hoopes PJ. Immunogenetic effects of low dose (CEM43 30) magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia and radiation in melanoma cells. Int J Hyperthermia 2020; 36:37-46. [PMID: 31795829 PMCID: PMC6943912 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2019.1627433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: In this in vitro study we have used an RNA quantification technique, nanoString, and a conventional protein analysis technique (Western Blot) to assess the genetic and protein expression of B16 murine melanoma cells following a modest magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia (mNPH) dose equivalent to 30 minutes @ 43°C (CEM43 30) and/or a clinically relevant 8 Gy radiation dose. Methods: Melanoma cells with mNPs(2.5 μg Fe/106 cells) were pelleted and exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) to generate the targeted thermal dose. Thermal dose was accurately monitored by a fiber optic probe and automatically maintained at CEM43 30. All cells were harvested 24 hours after treatment. Results: The mNPH dose demonstrated notable elevations in the thermotolerance/immunogenic HSP70 gene and a number of chemoattractant and toll-like receptor gene pathways. The 8 Gy dose also upregulated a number of important immune and cytotoxic genetic and protein pathways. However, the mNPH/radiation combination was the most effective stimulator of a wide variety of immune and cytotoxic genes including HSP70, cancer regulating chemokines CXCL10, CXCL11, the T-cell trafficking chemokine CXCR3, innate immune activators TLR3, TLR4, the MDM2 and mTOR negative regulator of p53, the pro-apoptotic protein PUMA, and the cell death receptor Fas. Importantly a number of the genetic changes were accurately validated by protein expression changes, i.e., HSP70, p-mTOR, p-MDM2. Conclusion: These results not only show that low dose mNPH and radiation independently increase the expression of important immune and cytotoxic genes but that the effect is greatly enhanced when they are used in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla E A Duval
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Robert J Wagner
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - James D Petryk
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Steven S Tau
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - John Yin
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Georgia R Houde
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - P Jack Hoopes
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.,Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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10
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Melanocyte Hyaluronan Coat Fragmentation Enhances the UVB-Induced TLR-4 Receptor Signaling and Expression of Proinflammatory Mediators IL6, IL8, CXCL1, and CXCL10 via NF-κB Activation. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1993-2003.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Structure-activity relationship for vanilloid compounds from extract of Zingiber officinale var rubrum rhizomes: effect on extracellular melanogenesis inhibitory activity. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Rushton JG, Korb M, Kummer S, Reichart U, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Tichy A, Nell B. Protein expression of KIT, BRAF, GNA11, GNAQ and RASSF1 in feline diffuse iris melanomas. Vet J 2019; 249:33-40. [PMID: 31239162 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Feline iris melanoma, the most common feline intraocular tumour, has a reported metastatic rate of 19-63%. However, there is a lack of knowledge about its molecular biology. Previous studies have reported that feline iris melanomas do not harbour mutations comparable to common mutations found in their human counterpart. Nevertheless, there are differences in the gene expression patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate the protein expression of B-RAF oncogene serine/threonine kinase (BRAF), G protein subunit alpha q (GNAQ) and 11 (GNA11), KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (KIT), and Ras association family member 1 (RASSF1) in feline iris melanomas. Fifty-seven formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) iris melanomas and 25 FFPE eyes without ocular abnormalities were stained with antibodies against the respective proteins using immunofluorescence. Averaged pixel intensities/μm2 and percentage of stained area from total tissue area were measured and the results were compared. Compared to the control group, iris melanomas showed overexpression of BRAF, GNAQ, GNA11 and KIT. The higher expression of BRAF, GNAQ, GNA11 and KIT in feline iris melanomas suggest that these proteins may play a key role in the development of feline iris melanomas and KIT may present a possible target for future therapies in cats with feline iris melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Rushton
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Korb
- VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - S Kummer
- VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - U Reichart
- VetCore Facility for Research, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Fuchs-Baumgartinger
- Department of Pathobiology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - A Tichy
- Department of Biomedical Science, Vetmeduni Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - B Nell
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Flem-Karlsen K, Tekle C, Øyjord T, Flørenes VA, Mælandsmo GM, Fodstad Ø, Nunes-Xavier CE. p38 MAPK activation through B7-H3-mediated DUSP10 repression promotes chemoresistance. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5839. [PMID: 30967582 PMCID: PMC6456585 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42303-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoregulatory protein B7-H3 is involved in the oncogenic and metastatic potential of cancer cells, as well as in drug resistance. Resistance to conventional chemotherapy is an important aspect of melanoma treatment, and a better understanding of how B7-H3 enhances drug resistance may lead to the development of more effective therapies. We investigated the in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of chemotherapeutic agents dacarbazine (DTIC) and cisplatin in sensitive and drug resistant melanoma cells with knockdown expression of B7-H3. We found that knockdown of B7-H3 increased in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of melanoma cells to the chemotherapeutic agents dacarbazine (DTIC) and cisplatin, in parallel with a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Importantly, in B7-H3 knockdown cells we observed an increase in the expression of dual-specific MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP) DUSP10, a MKP known to dephosphorylate and inactivate p38 MAPK. DUSP10 knockdown by siRNA resulted in a reversion of the increased DTIC-sensitivity seen in B7-H3 knockdown cells. Our findings highlight the potential therapeutic benefit of combining chemotherapy with B7-H3 inhibition, and indicate that B7-H3 mediated chemoresistance in melanoma cells is driven through a mechanism involving DUSP10-mediated inactivation of p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina Tekle
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tove Øyjord
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vivi A Flørenes
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunhild M Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT/The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Øystein Fodstad
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Caroline E Nunes-Xavier
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Caron JM, Han X, Contois L, Vary CPH, Brooks PC. The HU177 Collagen Epitope Controls Melanoma Cell Migration and Experimental Metastasis by a CDK5/YAP-Dependent Mechanism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2356-2368. [PMID: 30118657 PMCID: PMC6180252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stromal components not only help form the structure of neoplasms such as melanomas, but they also functionally contribute to their malignant phenotype. Thus, uncovering signaling pathways that integrate the behavior of both tumor and stromal cells may provide unique opportunities for the development of more effective strategies to control tumor progression. In this regard, extracellular matrix-mediated signaling plays a role in coordinating the behavior of both tumor and stromal cells. Here, evidence is provided that targeting a cryptic region of the extracellular matrix protein collagen (HU177 epitope) inhibits melanoma tumor growth and metastasis and reduces angiogenesis and the accumulation of α-SMA-expressing stromal cell in these tumors. The current study suggests that the ability of the HU177 epitope to control melanoma cell migration and metastasis depends on the transcriptional coactivator Yes-associated protein (YAP). Melanoma cell interactions with the HU177 epitope promoted nuclear accumulation of YAP by a cyclin-dependent kinase-5-associated mechanism. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which the anti-HU177 antibody inhibits metastasis, and uncovers an unknown signaling pathway by which the HU177 epitope selectively reprograms melanoma cells by regulating nuclear localization of YAP. This study helps to define a potential new therapeutic strategy to control melanoma tumor growth and metastasis that might be used alone or in combination with other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Caron
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - XiangHua Han
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Liangru Contois
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Peter C Brooks
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.
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15
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Ryabaya OO, Malysheva AA, Khochenkova YA, Solomko ES, Khochenkov DA. Inactivation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Overcomes Resistance to Targeted B-RAF Inhibitors in Melanoma Cell Lines. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Giglio P, Gagliardi M, Tumino N, Antunes F, Smaili S, Cotella D, Santoro C, Bernardini R, Mattei M, Piacentini M, Corazzari M. PKR and GCN2 stress kinases promote an ER stress-independent eIF2α phosphorylation responsible for calreticulin exposure in melanoma cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1466765. [PMID: 30221067 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1466765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenic cell death (ICD) process represents a novel therapeutic approach to treat tumours, in which cytotoxic compounds promote both cancer cell death and the emission of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying cells, to activate the immune system against the malignancy. Therefore, we explored the possibility to stimulate the key molecular players with a pivotal role in the execution of the ICD program in melanoma cells. To this aim, we used the pro-ICD agents mitoxantrone and doxorubicin and found that both agents could induce cell death and stimulate the release/exposure of the strictly required DAMPs in melanoma cells: i) calreticulin (CRT) exposure on the cell membrane; ii) ATP secretion; iii) type I IFNs gene up-regulation and iv) HMGB1 secretion, highlighting no interference by oncogenic BRAF. Importantly, although the ER stress-related PERK activation has been linked to CRT externalization, through the phosphorylation of eIF2α, we found that this stress pathway together with PERK were not involved in melanoma cells. Notably, we identified PKR and GCN2 as key mediators of eIF2α phosphorylation, facilitating the translocation of CTR on melanoma cells surface, under pro-ICD drugs stimulation. Therefore, our data indicate that pro-ICD drugs are able to stimulate the production/release of DAMPs in melanoma cells at least in vitro, indicating in this approach a potential new valuable therapeutic strategy to treat human skin melanoma malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Giglio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Gagliardi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Department of Health Science (DISS), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraya Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Cotella
- Department of Health Science (DISS), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Santoro
- Department of Health Science (DISS), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Department of Biology, Centro Servizi Interdipartimentale-STA, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Department of Biology, Centro Servizi Interdipartimentale-STA, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Corazzari
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy.,Department of Health Science (DISS), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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17
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Wang S, Yin B, Li H, Xiao B, Lǚ K, Feng C, He J, Li C. MKK4 from Litopenaeus vannamei is a regulator of p38 MAPK kinase and involved in anti-bacterial response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:61-70. [PMID: 28939483 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
LvMKK4, a homologue of the mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MKK4), was isolated and identified from Litopenaeus vannamei in the present study. The full-length cDNA of LvMKK4 is 1947 bp long, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1185 bp encoding a putative protein of 388 amino acids. LvMKK4 contains several characteristic domains such as D domain, SIAKT motif and kinase domain, all of which are conserved in MAP kinase kinase family. Like mammalian MKK4 but not Drosophila MKK4, LvMKK4 could bind to, phosphorylate and activate p38 MAPK, which provided some insights into the signal transduction mechanism of MKK4-p38 cascade in invertebrates. Our real-time PCR data indicated that LvMKK4 was ubiquitously expressed in all tested tissues and extraordinarily abundant in muscle. Dual luciferase reporter assays in Drosophila S2 cells revealed that LvMKK4 activated the transcription of antimicrobial peptide genes (AMPs), including Drosophila Attacin A, Drosomycin, and shrimp Penaeidins. Additionally, LvMKK4 was up-regulated in both intestine and hepatopancreas by a variety of inflammatory stimuli including LPS, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Staphhylococcu saureus, Poly (I: C) and white spot syndrome virus. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated knockdown of LvMKK4 enhanced the sensitivity of L. vannamei to V. parahaemolyticus infection. These findings suggested that LvMKK4 played an important role in anti-bacterial response and could be a potential target for inflammation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, PR China
| | - Bin Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, PR China
| | - Haoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, PR China
| | - Bang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, PR China
| | - Kai Lǚ
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, PR China
| | - Chiguang Feng
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), PR China.
| | - Chaozheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Reproduction in Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, PR China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center (SCS-REPIC), PR China.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Haass
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The therapeutic landscape for metastatic melanoma has been revolutionized in recent years. This review will discuss existing evidence for therapeutic approaches for BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical trials involving combined BRAF/MEK inhibition with either vemurafenib plus cobimetinib or dabrafenib plus trametinib have shown improved overall survival compared to monotherapy with BRAF inhibitors alone. In a subset of patients with good prognostic factors, long-term clinical benefit has been noted. Simultaneously, developments in immunotherapy have suggested long-lasting survival for some patients. In advanced BRAF-mutated melanoma, both BRAF/MEK inhibition and immunotherapy agents show improved overall survival and, in a small population of patients, prolonged and long-term benefit as compared to standard chemotherapy. Trials are currently underway evaluating sequencing of these therapies and the safety of targeted therapy plus immunotherapy combinations.
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20
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Bertrand JU, Petit V, Hacker E, Berlin I, Hayward NK, Pouteaux M, Sage E, Whiteman DC, Larue L. UVB represses melanocyte cell migration and acts through β-catenin. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:875-882. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette U. Bertrand
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; Orsay France
- Univ Paris-Sud; Univ Paris-Saclay; CNRS UMR 3347; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
| | - Valérie Petit
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; Orsay France
- Univ Paris-Sud; Univ Paris-Saclay; CNRS UMR 3347; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
| | - Elke Hacker
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research; Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Irina Berlin
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; Orsay France
- Univ Paris-Sud; Univ Paris-Saclay; CNRS UMR 3347; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
| | | | - Marie Pouteaux
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; Orsay France
- Univ Paris-Sud; Univ Paris-Saclay; CNRS UMR 3347; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
| | - Evelyne Sage
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; Orsay France
- Univ Paris-Sud; Univ Paris-Saclay; CNRS UMR 3347; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
| | | | - Lionel Larue
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; INSERM U1021; Normal and Pathological Development of Melanocytes; Orsay France
- Univ Paris-Sud; Univ Paris-Saclay; CNRS UMR 3347; Orsay France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Orsay France
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21
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Differential effects of p38 MAP kinase inhibitors SB203580 and SB202190 on growth and migration of human MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:711-724. [PMID: 28393288 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) belongs to the MAPK superfamily, phosphorylating serine and/or threonine residues of the target proteins. The activation of p38 MAPK leads to cell growth, differentiation, inflammation, survival or apoptosis. In this study, we tested the effect of two highly specific and potent inhibitors of p38 MAPK (namely, SB203580 and SB202190) on human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 to elucidate the controversial role of p38 MAPK on cell proliferation and/or cell migration/metastasis further. It was determined that the IC50 value of SB203580 was 85.1 µM, while that of SB202190 was 46.6 µM, suggesting that SB202190 is slightly more effective than SB203580. To verify the effect of each inhibitor on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, the cells were treated with various doses of SB203580 and SB202190 and examined using iCELLigence system. No significant effect of 1 and 5 µM of both inhibitors were seen on cell proliferation as compared to the DMSO-treated control cells for up to 96 h. On the other hand, both SB203580 and SB202190 significantly prevented cell proliferation at a concentration of 50 µM. SB202190 was again more effective than SB203580. Afterwards, we tested the effect of each inhibitor on cell migration using wound assay. Both SB203580 and SB202190 significantly reduced cell migration in a time-dependent manner at a concentration of 50 µM. However, interestingly it was observed that a low and noncytotoxic dose of 5 µM of SB203580 and SB202190 also did cause significant cell migration inhibition at 48 h of the treatment, corroborating the fact that p38 MAPK pathway has a critical role in cell migration/metastasis. Then, we tested whether each p38 MAPK inhibitor has any effect on cell adhesion during a treatment period of 3 h using iCELLigence system. A concentration of only 50 µM of SB202190 reduced cell adhesion for about 1.5 h (p < 0.001); after that period of time, cell adhesion in 50 µM SB202190-treated cells returned to the level of the control cells. To determine the mechanism of growth and cell migration inhibitory effects of p38 MAPK inhibitors, the activation/inactivation of various proteins and enzymes was subsequently analyzed by PathScan® Intracellular Signaling Array kit. The ERK1/2 phosphorylation level was not modified by low concentrations (1 or 5 µM) of SB202190 and SB203580; while a high concentration (50 µM) of both inhibitors caused significant reductions in the ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, it was determined that both p38 MAPK inhibitors caused significant increases on the Ser15 phosphorylation of mutant p53 in MDA-MB-231 under these experimental conditions; while SB202190 was more potent than SB203580.
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22
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Campagne C, Reyes-Gomez E, Picco ME, Loiodice S, Salaun P, Ezagal J, Bernex F, Commère PH, Pons S, Esquerre D, Bourneuf E, Estellé J, Maskos U, Lopez-Bergami P, Aubin-Houzelstein G, Panthier JJ, Egidy G. RACK1 cooperates with NRAS Q61K to promote melanoma in vivo. Cell Signal 2017; 36:255-266. [PMID: 28343944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer. RACK1 (Receptor for activated protein kinase C) protein was proposed as a biological marker of melanoma in human and domestic animal species harboring spontaneous melanomas. As a scaffold protein, RACK1 is able to coordinate the interaction of key signaling molecules implicated in both physiological cellular functions and tumorigenesis. A role for RACK1 in rewiring ERK and JNK signaling pathways in melanoma cell lines had been proposed. Here, we used a genetic approach to test this hypothesis in vivo in the mouse. We show that Rack1 knock-down in the mouse melanoma cell line B16 reduces invasiveness and induces cell differentiation. We have developed the first mouse model for RACK1 gain of function, Tyr::Rack1-HA transgenic mice, targeting RACK1 to melanocytes in vivo. RACK1 overexpression was not sufficient to initiate melanomas despite activated ERK and AKT. However, in a context of melanoma predisposition, RACK1 overexpression reduced latency and increased incidence and metastatic rate. In primary melanoma cells from Tyr::Rack1-HA, Tyr::NRasQ61K mice, activated JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and activated STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) acted as RACK1 oncogenic partners in tumoral progression. A sequential and coordinated activation of ERK, JNK and STAT3 with RACK1 is shown to accelerate aggressive melanoma development in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Campagne
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - E Reyes-Gomez
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Embryologie, d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - M E Picco
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Loiodice
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P Salaun
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J Ezagal
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - F Bernex
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'Embryologie, d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - P H Commère
- Plateforme de Cytométrie, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, F-75724 Paris, France
| | - S Pons
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, UMR 3571, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, F75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - D Esquerre
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, ENVT, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - E Bourneuf
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France; LREG, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - J Estellé
- GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - U Maskos
- Unité Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, UMR 3571, CNRS, Institut Pasteur, F75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - P Lopez-Bergami
- Instituto de Medicina y Biologia Experimental, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnologicos, Ambientales y Diagnostico, Universidad Malmonides, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Aubin-Houzelstein
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - J J Panthier
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; CNRS URM 3738, USC INRA 2026, F-75724, France; Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, Génétique fonctionnelle de la Souris, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, Paris F-75724, France
| | - G Egidy
- INRA, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR955 Génétique Fonctionnelle et Médicale, F-94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Ostalecki C, Lee JH, Dindorf J, Collenburg L, Schierer S, Simon B, Schliep S, Kremmer E, Schuler G, Baur AS. Multiepitope tissue analysis reveals SPPL3-mediated ADAM10 activation as a key step in the transformation of melanocytes. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/470/eaai8288. [PMID: 28292959 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aai8288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of cancer is characterized by the appearance of specific mutations, but these mutations are translated into proteins that must cooperate to induce malignant transformation. Using a systemic approach with the multiepitope ligand cartography (MELC) technology, we analyzed protein expression profiles (PEPs) in nevi and BRAFV600E-positive superficial spreading melanomas (SSMs) from patient tissues to identify key transformation events. The PEPs in nevi and SSMs differed predominantly in the abundance of specific antigens, but the PEPs of nevi- and melanoma-associated keratinocytes gradually changed during the transformation process. A stepwise change in PEP with similar properties occurred in keratinocytes cocultured with melanoma cells. Analysis of the individual steps indicated that activation of the metalloproteinase ADAM10 by signal peptide peptidase-like 3 (SPPL3) triggered by mutant BRAFV600E was a critical transformation event. SPPL3-mediated ADAM10 activation involved the translocation of SPPL3 and ADAM10 into Rab4- or Rab27-positive endosomal compartments. This endosomal translocation, and hence ADAM10 activation, was inhibited by the presence of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Our findings suggest that systematic tissue antigen analysis could complement whole-genome approaches to provide more insight into cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ostalecki
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Dindorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Collenburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schierer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Simon
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schliep
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kremmer
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Marchioninistraße 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas S Baur
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Translational Research Center, Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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24
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Attenuation of neointimal formation with netrin-1 and netrin-1 preconditioned endothelial progenitor cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 95:335-348. [PMID: 28004124 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Restenosis after angioplasty is a serious clinical problem that can result in re-occlusion of the coronary artery. Although current drug-eluting stents have proved to be more effective in reducing restenosis, they have drawbacks of inhibiting reendothelialization to promote thrombosis. New treatment options are in urgent need. We have shown that netrin-1, an axon-guiding protein, promotes angiogenesis and cardioprotection via production of nitric oxide (NO). The present study examined whether and how netrin-1 attenuates neointimal formation in a femoral wire injury model. Infusion of netrin-1 into C57BL/6 mice markedly attenuated neointimal formation following wire injury of femoral arteries, measured by intimal to media ratio (from 1.94 ± 0.55 to 0.45 ± 0.86 at 4 weeks). Proliferation of VSMC in situ was largely reduced. This protective effect was absent in DCC+/- animals. NO production was increased by netrin-1 in both intact and injured femoral arteries, indicating netrin-1 stimulation of endogenous NO production from intact endothelium and remaining endothelial cells post-injury. VSMC migration was abrogated by netrin-1 via a NO/cGMP/p38 MAPK pathway, while timely EPC homing was induced. Injection of netrin-1 preconditioned wild-type EPCs, but not EPCs of DCC+/- animals, substantially attenuated neointimal formation. EPC proliferation, NO production, and resistance to oxidative stress induced apoptosis were augmented by netrin-1 treatment. In conclusion, our data for the first time demonstrate that netrin-1 is highly effective in reducing neointimal formation following vascular endothelial injury, which is dependent on DCC, and attributed to inhibition of VSMC proliferation and migration, as well as improved EPC function. These data may support usage of netrin-1 and netrin-1 preconditioned EPCs as novel therapies for post angioplasty restenosis. KEY MESSAGE Netrin-1 attenuates neointimal formation following post endothelial injury via DCC and NO. Netrin-1 inhibits VSMC proliferation in situ following endothelial injury. Netrin-1 inhibits VSMC migration via a NO/cGMP/p38 MAPK pathway. Netrin-1 augments proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and EPC eNOS/NO activation. Netrin-1 enhances resistance of EPCs to oxidative stress, improving re-endothelialization following injury.
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25
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Yang P, Wen H, Zhong T, Hu H, Zhu B, Xia K, Xu M, Bian M. GADD45α is involved in the apoptosis of lymphocytes induced by riboflavin and ultraviolet light. Transfusion 2016; 57:646-656. [PMID: 27905125 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Riboflavin plus ultraviolet (UV) pathogen reduction technology (RF-PRT) is an effective method for inactivating the residual white blood cells (WBCs) in blood components. The RF-PRT system for platelets is known to activate many signaling pathways, including p38 and NF-κB. Nevertheless, proteomic studies in WBCs after riboflavin plus UV treatment requires further analysis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS ABO/D-matched lymphocytes were pooled, split, and treated with RF-PRT or UV light or left untreated. After treatment, cell apoptosis was measured. In addition, cell proliferation and the cycle distribution were evaluated upon stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. The changes in the protein expression levels of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible (GADD)45α, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were determined by Western blotting. The effect of GADD45α, p38, and JNK on apoptosis was assessed. RESULTS RF-PRT significantly inhibited proliferation and induced G1 arrest in lymphocytes. Furthermore, the percentage of apoptotic cells was increased in RF-PRT-treated lymphocytes compared to UV-treated cells or untreated cells, associated with the up regulation of GADD45α expression. Consistent with these observations, the inhibition of GADD45α expression partially counteracted the effects of riboflavin plus UV treatment. The p38 and JNK signaling pathways were activated by GADD45α in RF-PRT-treated lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data revealed that RF-PRT effectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of lymphocytes by promoting GADD45α expression, which subsequently activates p38 and JNK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Huiqin Wen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Bangqiang Zhu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Kang Xia
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Mo Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
| | - Maohong Bian
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui, PR China
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26
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Huang HL, Chao MW, Li YC, Chang LH, Chen CH, Chen MC, Cheng CC, Liou JP, Teng CM, Pan SL. MPT0G066, a novel anti-mitotic drug, induces JNK-independent mitotic arrest, JNK-mediated apoptosis, and potentiates antineoplastic effect of cisplatin in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31664. [PMID: 27526962 PMCID: PMC4985652 DOI: 10.1038/srep31664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing new anticancer agents against ovarian cancer is an urgent medical need. MPT0G066, a novel synthetic arylsulfonamide compound, was shown to inhibit cell growth and decrease viability in human ovarian cancer cells. MPT0G066 induced arrest of the cell cycle at the multipolyploidy (MP) phase in SKOV3 and at the G2/M phase in A2780 cells, while increasing the proportion of cells in the subG1. Additionally, MPT0G066 induced c-Jun-NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) activation, influenced cell cycle regulatory and Bcl-2 family proteins, which triggered intrinsic apoptotic pathways through cleavage of caspase-3, -7, -9, and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Flow cytometry analysis of p-glycoprotein (p-gp) function showed that MPT0G066 was not a substrate of p-gp. Additionally, it was shown that MPT0G066 could decrease cell viability in multiple-drug-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, the combination of MPT0G066 and cisplatin presented a synergistic cytotoxic effect against ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. MPT0G066 also significantly suppressed the growth of ovarian carcinoma and potentiated the antineoplastic effects of cisplatin in vivo. In conclusion, these findings indicate that MPT0G066 can be a potential anticancer agent against ovarian cancer that worthy of further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Li Huang
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wu Chao
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Li
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsun Chang
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Han Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chen
- Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chun Cheng
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Teng
- Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Caporali S, Alvino E, Lacal PM, Levati L, Giurato G, Memoli D, Caprini E, Antonini Cappellini GC, D'Atri S. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway overcomes the stimulating effect of dabrafenib on the invasive behavior of melanoma cells with acquired resistance to the BRAF inhibitor. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1164-74. [PMID: 27572607 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have proven clinical benefits in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma. However, acquired resistance eventually arises. The effects of BRAFi on melanoma cell proliferation and survival have been extensively studied, and several mechanisms involved in acquired resistance to the growth suppressive activity of these drugs have been identified. Much less is known about the impact of BRAFi, and in particular of dabrafenib, on the invasive potential of melanoma cells. In the present study, the BRAF-mutant human melanoma cell line A375 and its dabrafenib-resistant subline A375R were analyzed for invasive capacity, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2, and secretion of VEGF-A and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, under basal conditions or in response to dabrafenib. The consequences of inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway on A375R cell responses to dabrafenib were also evaluated. We found that A375R cells were more invasive and secreted higher levels of VEGF-A and MMP-9 as compared with A375 cells. Dabrafenib reduced invasiveness, VEGFR-2 expression and VEGF-A secretion in A375 cells, whereas it increased invasiveness, VEGF-A and MMP-9 release in A375R cells. In these latter cells, the stimulating effects of dabrafenib on the invasive capacity were markedly impaired by the anti-VEGF‑A antibody bevacizumab, or by AKT1 silencing. A375R cells were not cross-resistant to the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor GSK2126458A. Moreover, this inhibitor given in combination with dabrafenib efficiently counteracted the stimulating effects of the BRAFi on invasiveness and VEGF-A and MMP-9 secretion. Our data demonstrate that melanoma cells with acquired resistance to dabrafenib possess a more invasive phenotype which is further stimulated by exposure to the drug. Substantial evidence indicates that continuing BRAFi therapy beyond progression produces a clinical benefit. Our results suggest that after the development of resistance, a regimen combining BRAFi with bevacizumab or with inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway might be more effective than BRAFi monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Caporali
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Alvino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Council of Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro Miguel Lacal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lauretta Levati
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Domenico Memoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, University of Salerno, Baronissi (SA), Italy
| | - Elisabetta Caprini
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefania D'Atri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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FRIZZLED7 Is Required for Tumor Initiation and Metastatic Growth of Melanoma Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147638. [PMID: 26808375 PMCID: PMC4726610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases are thought to arise from cancer stem cells and their tumor initiating abilities are required for the establishment of metastases. Nevertheless, in metastatic melanoma, the nature of cancer stem cells is under debate and their contribution to metastasis formation remains unknown. Using an experimental metastasis model, we discovered that high levels of the WNT receptor, FZD7, correlated with enhanced metastatic potentials of melanoma cell lines. Knocking down of FZD7 in a panel of four melanoma cell lines led to a significant reduction in lung metastases in animal models, arguing that FZD7 plays a causal role during metastasis formation. Notably, limiting dilution analyses revealed that FZD7 is essential for the tumor initiation of melanoma cells and FZD7 knockdown impeded the early expansion of metastatic melanoma cells shortly after seeding, in accordance with the view that tumor initiating ability of cancer cells is required for metastasis formation. FZD7 activated JNK in melanoma cell lines in vitro and the expression of a dominant negative JNK suppressed metastasis formation in vivo, suggesting that FZD7 may promote metastatic growth of melanoma cells via activation of JNK. Taken together, our findings uncovered a signaling pathway that regulates the tumor initiation of melanoma cells and contributes to metastasis formation in melanoma.
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29
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Senft D, Ronai ZA. Immunogenic, cellular, and angiogenic drivers of tumor dormancy--a melanoma view. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 29:27-42. [PMID: 26514653 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In tumor cells, the ability to maintain viability over long time periods without proliferation is referred to as a state of dormancy. Maintenance of dormancy is controlled by numerous cellular and environmental factors, from immune surveillance and tumor-stroma interaction to intracellular signaling. Interference of dormancy (to an 'awaken' state) is associated with reduced response to therapy, resulting in relapse or in metastatic burst. Thus, maintaining a dormant state should prolong therapeutic responses and delay metastasis. Technical obstacles in studying tumor dormancy have limited our understanding of underlying mechanisms and hampered our ability to target dormant cells. In this review, we summarize the progress of research in the field of immunogenic, angiogenic, and cellular dormancy in diverse malignancies with particular attention to our current understanding in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Senft
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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30
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Kim BS, Seo H, Kim HJ, Bae SM, Son HN, Lee YJ, Ryu S, Park RW, Nam JO. Decursin from Angelica gigas Nakai Inhibits B16F10 Melanoma Growth Through Induction of Apoptosis. J Med Food 2015; 18:1121-7. [PMID: 26336081 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.3397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decursin, a bioactive phytochemical isolated from Angelica gigas Nakai (danggwi), has shown preclinical anticancer efficacy in various cancer models. However, the antitumor effect of decursin in melanoma models remains undefined. The antitumor activities of decursin were investigated in B16F10 cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we show that treatment with decursin inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in B16F10 cells, but not in normal cells. Decursin also induced apoptosis in B16F10 cells, as determined by annexin V-staining assay and transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining assay. Decursin increased the phosphorylation of p38 as well as the expression of Bax while decreasing the phosphorylation of extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) and the expression of Bcl-2 in B16F10 cells. Moreover, decursin activated caspase-3 in B16F10 cells and xenograft tumor tissue. Together, these findings support further investigations into the potential use of decursin in the treatment of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Soo Kim
- 1 School of Ecological Environment and Ecotourism, Kyungpook National University , Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Hyobin Seo
- 2 Department of Leisure and Sports, Kyungpook National University , Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Kim
- 3 Department of Physiology, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang Mun Bae
- 4 Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute , School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye-Nam Son
- 4 Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute , School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Lee
- 5 Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University , Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Sungpil Ryu
- 2 Department of Leisure and Sports, Kyungpook National University , Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Rang-Woon Park
- 4 Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute , School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- 1 School of Ecological Environment and Ecotourism, Kyungpook National University , Gyeongbuk, Korea.,6 Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University , Gyeongbuk, Korea
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Downregulation of the Ubiquitin Ligase RNF125 Underlies Resistance of Melanoma Cells to BRAF Inhibitors via JAK1 Deregulation. Cell Rep 2015; 11:1458-73. [PMID: 26027934 PMCID: PMC4681438 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable clinical response of melanoma harboring BRAF mutations to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), most tumors become resistant. Here, we identified the downregulation of the ubiquitin ligase RNF125 in BRAFi-resistant melanomas and demonstrated its role in intrinsic and adaptive resistance to BRAFi in cultures as well as its association with resistance in tumor specimens. Sox10/MITF expression correlated with and contributed to RNF125 transcription. Reduced RNF125 was associated with elevated expression of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including EGFR. Notably, RNF125 altered RTK expression through JAK1, which we identified as an RNF125 substrate. RNF125 bound to and ubiquitinated JAK1, prompting its degradation and suppressing RTK expression. Inhibition of JAK1 and EGFR signaling overcame BRAFi resistance in melanoma with reduced RNF125 expression, as shown in culture and in in vivo xenografts. Our findings suggest that combination therapies targeting both JAK1 and EGFR could be effective against BRAFi-resistant tumors with de novo low RNF125 expression.
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Abstract
In malignant melanoma complex reprogramming of cell death and survival pathways leads to increased chemoresistance and poor longer-term survival. Sulforaphane (SF) is a promising isothiocyanate compound occurring in cruciferous plants with reported antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity in several tumor cell lines including melanoma. In this work we investigated the effects of SF in several melanoma cell lines and fresh melanoma cultivates. We found that SF is cytotoxic and induces mitochondrial, caspase-dependent apoptosis in our study model, however with lower efficiency in fresh melanoma cultivates. Moreover, our results indicate that in melanoma cell lines and fresh melanoma cultivates SF induces multiple signaling including oxidative stress-mediated activation of DNA-damage response pathway, changes in p38 kinase activity and enhanced expression of Bax and Puma proapoptotic proteins. In addition, in SF-exposed p53-mutant melanoma cells Puma expression seem to be under p38 control and acts as a compensatory proapoptotic mechanism. Conversely, decreased apoptosis in SF-exposed melanoma cultivates might be attributed to Akt-mediated suppression of p38 as well as p53 activity. Together, our results suggest that SF inhibits growth and proliferation and induces mitochondrial apoptosis both in melanoma cell lines as well as in fresh melanoma cultivates. This proapoptotic effect might be enhanced in combination with Akt inhibitors, in particular in melanoma samples. SF is thus commendable for further preclinical testing, both as a single agent as well as in combination regimens.
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Sabbatino F, Wang Y, Wang X, Flaherty KT, Yu L, Pepin D, Scognamiglio G, Pepe S, Kirkwood JM, Cooper ZA, Frederick DT, Wargo JA, Ferrone S, Ferrone CR. PDGFRα up-regulation mediated by sonic hedgehog pathway activation leads to BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma cells with BRAF mutation. Oncotarget 2015; 5:1926-41. [PMID: 24732172 PMCID: PMC4039118 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of BRAF(V600E) metastatic melanoma by BRAF inhibitor (BRAF-I) is limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Growth factor receptor up-regulation is among the mechanisms underlying BRAF-I resistance of melanoma cells. Here we demonstrate for the first time that PDGFRα up-regulation causes BRAF-I resistance. PDGFRα inhibition by PDGFRα-specific short hairpin (sh)RNA and by PDGFRα inhibitors restores and increases melanoma cells' sensitivity to BRAF-I in vitro and in vivo. This effect reflects the inhibition of ERK and AKT activation which is associated with BRAF-I resistance of melanoma cells. PDGFRα up-regulation is mediated by Sonic Hedgehog Homolog (Shh) pathway activation which is induced by BRAF-I treatment. Similarly to PDGFRα inhibition, Shh inhibition by LDE225 restores and increases melanoma cells' sensitivity to BRAF-I. These effects are mediated by PDGFRα down-regulation and by ERK and AKT inhibition. The clinical relevance of these data is indicated by the association of PDGFRα up-regulation in melanoma matched biopsies of BRAF-I +/- MEK inhibitor treated patients with shorter time to disease progression and less tumor regression. These findings suggest that monitoring patients for early PDGFRα up-regulation will facilitate the identification of those who may benefit from the treatment with BRAF-I in combination with clinically approved PDGFRα or Shh inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sabbatino
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA
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Interleukin-6 drives melanoma cell motility through p38α-MAPK-dependent up-regulation of WNT5A expression. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:1365-78. [PMID: 24954857 PMCID: PMC5528610 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has demonstrated a tumor-promoting role of increased WNT5A expression in malignant melanoma. However, very little light has been shed upon how WNT5A expression is up-regulated in melanoma. A potential regulator of WNT5A expression is the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin (IL)-6, which shares the ability of WNT5A to increase melanoma cell invasion. Here, we investigate whether IL-6 can promote melanoma cell motility through an increased expression of WNT5A. We clearly demonstrate that the WNT5A-antagonistic peptide Box5 could inhibit IL-6-induced melanoma cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, IL-6 stimulation of the human melanoma cell lines HTB63 and A375 increased the expression of WNT5A in a dose-dependent manner. To identify the signaling mechanism responsible for this up-regulation, we explored the involvement of the three main signals induced by IL-6; STAT3, Akt and ERK 1/2. Of these, only STAT3 was activated by IL-6 in the melanoma cell lines tested. However, the STAT3 inhibitor S3I-201 failed to inhibit IL-6-induced WNT5A up-regulation in HTB63 and A375 cells. Nor did STAT3 siRNA silencing affect the expression of WNT5A. In search of an alternative signaling mechanism, we detected IL-6-induced activation of p38-MAPK in HTB63 and A375 cells. The p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580 abolished the IL-6-induced WNT5A up-regulation and blocked IL-6-induced melanoma cell invasion. The latter effect could be rescued by the addition of recombinant WNT5A. Notably, immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that only the p38α-MAPK isoform was activated by IL-6, and subsequent siRNA silencing of p38α-MAPK abolished the IL-6-induced up-regulation of WNT5A. Taken together, we demonstrate a novel link between the two melanoma pro-metastatic agents IL-6 and WNT5A explaining how IL-6 can increase melanoma cell invasion and thus promote the metastatic process. This finding provides a basis for future therapeutic intervention of melanoma progression.
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Colombino M, Sini M, Lissia A, De Giorgi V, Stanganelli I, Ayala F, Massi D, Rubino C, Manca A, Paliogiannis P, Rossari S, Magi S, Mazzoni L, Botti G, Capone M, Palla M, Ascierto PA, Cossu A, Palmieri G. Discrepant alterations in main candidate genes among multiple primary melanomas. J Transl Med 2014; 12:117. [PMID: 24885594 PMCID: PMC4023698 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in key-regulator genes of disease pathogenesis (BRAF, cKIT, CyclinD1) have been evaluated in patients with multiple primary melanoma (MPM). Methods One hundred twelve MPM patients (96 cases with two primary melanomas, 15 with three, and 1 with four) were included into the study. Paired synchronous/asynchronous MPM tissues (N = 229) were analyzed for BRAF mutations and cKIT/CyclynD1 gene amplifications. Results BRAF mutations were identified in 109/229 (48%) primary melanomas, whereas cKIT and CyclinD1 amplifications were observed in 10/216 (5%) and 29/214 (14%) tumor tissues, respectively. While frequency rates of BRAF mutations were quite identical across the different MPM lesions, a significant increase of cKIT (p < 0.001) and CyclinD1 (p = 0.002) amplification rates was observed between first and subsequent primary melanomas. Among the 107 patients with paired melanoma samples, 53 (49.5%) presented consistent alteration patterns between first and subsequent primary tumors. About one third (40/122; 32.8%) of subsequent melanomas presented a discrepant pattern of BRAF mutations as compared to incident primary tumors. Conclusions The low consistency in somatic mutation patterns among MPM lesions from same patients provides further evidence that melanomagenesis is heterogeneous and different cell types may be involved. This may have implications in clinical practice due to the difficulties in molecularly classifying patients with discrepant primary melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR) - Traversa La Crucca 3, Baldinca Li Punti, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Hartman KG, Vitolo MI, Pierce AD, Fox JM, Shapiro P, Martin SS, Wilder PT, Weber DJ. Complex formation between S100B protein and the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) in malignant melanoma is calcium-dependent and inhibits extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated phosphorylation of RSK. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:12886-95. [PMID: 24627490 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.561613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
S100B is a prognostic marker for malignant melanoma. Increasing S100B levels are predictive of advancing disease stage, increased recurrence, and low overall survival in malignant melanoma patients. Using S100B overexpression and shRNA(S100B) knockdown studies in melanoma cell lines, elevated S100B was found to enhance cell viability and modulate MAPK signaling by binding directly to the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK). S100B-RSK complex formation was shown to be Ca(2+)-dependent and to block ERK-dependent phosphorylation of RSK, at Thr-573, in its C-terminal kinase domain. Additionally, the overexpression of S100B sequesters RSK into the cytosol and prevents it from acting on nuclear targets. Thus, elevated S100B contributes to abnormal ERK/RSK signaling and increased cell survival in malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira G Hartman
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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Kogushi-Nishi H, Jinnin M, Kobayashi Y, Muchemwa FC, Hirano A, Makino T, Fukushima S, Masuguchi S, Ishihara T, Inoue Y, Ihn H. Role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase isoforms in the cellular activity of melanoma cell lines. Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:890-6. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Kogushi-Nishi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - M. Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Y. Kobayashi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - F. C. Muchemwa
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - A. Hirano
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - T. Makino
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - S. Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - S. Masuguchi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - T. Ishihara
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - Y. Inoue
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
| | - H. Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery; Faculty of Life Sciences; Kumamoto University; Kumamoto Japan
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Song NR, Lee E, Byun S, Kim JE, Mottamal M, Park JHY, Lim SS, Bode AM, Lee HJ, Lee KW, Dong Z. Isoangustone A, a novel licorice compound, inhibits cell proliferation by targeting PI3K, MKK4, and MKK7 in human melanoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:1293-303. [PMID: 24104352 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Licorice root is known to possess various bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. Glycyrrhizin, a triterpene compound, is the most abundant constituent of dried licorice root. However, high intake or long-term consumption of glycyrrhizin causes several side effects, such as hypertension, hypertensive encephalopathy, and hypokalemia. Therefore, finding additional active compounds other than glycyrrhizin in licorice that exhibit anticancer effects is worthwhile. We found that isoangustone A (IAA), a novel flavonoid from licorice root, suppressed proliferation of human melanoma cells. IAA significantly blocked cell-cycle progression at the G1-phase and inhibited the expression of G1-phase regulatory proteins, including cyclins D1 and E in the SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cell line. IAA suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt, GSK-3β, and JNK1/2. IAA also bound to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), MKK4, and MKK7, strongly inhibiting their kinase activities in an ATP-competitive manner. Moreover, in a xenograft mouse model, IAA significantly decreased tumor growth, volume, and weight of SK-MEL-28 xenografts. Collectively, these results suggest that PI3K, MKK4, and MKK7 are the primary molecular targets of IAA in the suppression of cell proliferation. This insight into the biologic actions of IAA provides a molecular basis for the potential development of a new chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nu Ry Song
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912.
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Fuchs SY. Hope and fear for interferon: the receptor-centric outlook on the future of interferon therapy. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:211-25. [PMID: 23570388 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After several decades of intense clinical research, the great promise of Type I interferons (IFN1) as the anticancer wonder drugs that could cure or, at the very least, curb the progression of various oncological diseases has regrettably failed to deliver. Severe side effects and low efficacy of IFN1-based pharmaceutics greatly limited use of these drugs and further reduced the enthusiasm of clinical oncologists for future optimization of IFN1-based therapeutic modalities. Incredibly, extensive clinical studies to assess the efficacy of IFN1 alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs have not been paralleled by an equal scope in defining the determinants that confer cell sensitivity or refractoriness to IFN1. Given that all effects of IFN1 on malignant and benign cells alike are mediated by its receptor, the mechanisms regulating these receptor cell surface levels should play a paramount role in shaping the magnitude and duration of IFN1-elicited effects. These mechanisms and their role in controlling IFN1 responses, as well as an ability of a growing tumor to commandeer these events, are the focus of our review. We postulate that activation of numerous signaling pathways leading to elimination of IFN1 receptor occurs in cancer cells and benign cells that contribute to tumor tissue. We further hypothesize that activation of these eliminative pathways enables the escape from IFN1-driven suppression of tumorigenesis and elicits the primary refractoriness of tumor to the pharmaceutical IFN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Animal Biology and Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104-4539, USA.
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40
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Massari NA, Medina VA, Cricco GP, Martinel Lamas DJ, Sambuco L, Pagotto R, Ventura C, Ciraolo PJ, Pignataro O, Bergoc RM, Rivera ES. Antitumor activity of histamine and clozapine in a mouse experimental model of human melanoma. J Dermatol Sci 2013; 72:252-62. [PMID: 23999004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional presence of histamine H4 receptor (H4R) was demonstrated in human melanoma cell lines and biopsies. OBJECTIVE The purposes of this work were to investigate signal transduction pathways and biological responses triggered by the activation of H4R in human primary (WM35) and metastatic (M1/15) melanoma cell lines and to evaluate the in vivo antitumor activity of histamine (HA) and clozapine (CLZ) on human M1/15 melanoma xenografts. METHODS Clonogenic assay, incorporation of BrdU, cell cycle distribution, phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and cAMP production were evaluated in vitro. An experimental human melanoma model was developed into athymic nude mice. Tumor growth, survival and histochemical studies were performed in order to investigate the expression levels of H4R, HA, PCNA, mitotic index (MI), and angiogenesis. RESULTS The results indicate that H4R agonists inhibited forskolin-induced cAMP levels only in M1/15 cells while increased phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and decreased proliferation in both cell types. In vivo studies show that HA and CLZ (1mgkg(-1), sc) significantly increased median survival and decreased tumor volume. These effects were associated to a reduction in MI, in the expression of proliferation marker and in intratumoral neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that HA and CLZ exhibit an antitumoral effect in vitro and in vivo on human melanoma, suggesting the therapeutic potential of these compounds for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia A Massari
- Laboratory of Radioisotopes, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina
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Jalili A, Mertz KD, Romanov J, Wagner C, Kalthoff F, Stuetz A, Pathria G, Gschaider M, Stingl G, Wagner SN. NVP-LDE225, a potent and selective SMOOTHENED antagonist reduces melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69064. [PMID: 23935925 PMCID: PMC3728309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers and its incidence is increasing worldwide. So far there are no curable therapies especially after metastasis. Due to frequent mutations in members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, this pathway is constitutively active in melanoma. It has been shown that the SONIC HEDGEHOG (SHH)-GLI and MAPK signaling pathway regulate cell growth in many tumors including melanoma and interact with each other in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival. Here we show that the SHH-GLI pathway is active in human melanoma cell lines as they express downstream target of this pathway GLI1. Expression of GLI1 was significantly higher in human primary melanoma tissues harboring BRAFV600E mutation than those with wild type BRAF. Pharmacologic inhibition of BRAFV600E in human melanoma cell lines resulted in decreased expression of GLI1 thus demonstrating interaction of SHH-GLI and MAPK pathways. Inhibition of SHH-GLI pathway by the novel small molecule inhibitor of smoothened NVP-LDE225 was followed by inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in human melanoma cell lines, interestingly with both BRAFV600E and BRAFWild Type status. NVP-LDE225 was potent in reducing cell proliferation and inducing tumor growth arrest in vitro and in vivo, respectively and these effects were superior to the natural compound cyclopamine. Finally, we conclude that inhibition of SHH-GLI signaling pathway in human melanoma by the specific smoothened inhibitor NVP-LDE225 could have potential therapeutic application in human melanoma even in the absence of BRAFV600E mutation and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jalili
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (AJ)
| | - Kirsten D. Mertz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail: (AJ)
| | - Julia Romanov
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Wagner
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Kalthoff
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Stuetz
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gaurav Pathria
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Gschaider
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Stingl
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan N. Wagner
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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42
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Sáez-Ayala M, Montenegro MF, Sánchez-Del-Campo L, Fernández-Pérez MP, Chazarra S, Freter R, Middleton M, Piñero-Madrona A, Cabezas-Herrera J, Goding CR, Rodríguez-López JN. Directed phenotype switching as an effective antimelanoma strategy. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:105-19. [PMID: 23792190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance in melanoma and other cancers arises via irreversible genetic, and dynamic phenotypic, heterogeneity. Here, we use directed phenotype switching in melanoma to sensitize melanoma cells to lineage-specific therapy. We show that methotrexate (MTX) induces microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression to inhibit invasiveness and promote differentiation-associated expression of the melanocyte-specific Tyrosinase gene. Consequently, MTX sensitizes melanomas to a tyrosinase-processed antifolate prodrug 3-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-(-)-epicatechin (TMECG), that inhibits the essential enzyme DHFR with high affinity. The combination of MTX and TMECG leads to depletion of thymidine pools, double-strand DNA breaks, and highly efficient E2F1-mediated apoptosis in culture and in vivo. Importantly, this drug combination delivers an effective and tissue-restricted antimelanoma therapy in vitro and in vivo irrespective of BRAF, MEK, or p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalí Sáez-Ayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology A, School of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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Damsky WE, Theodosakis N, Bosenberg M. Melanoma metastasis: new concepts and evolving paradigms. Oncogene 2013; 33:2413-22. [PMID: 23728340 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma progression is typically depicted as a linear and stepwise process in which metastasis occurs relatively late in disease progression. Significant evidence suggests that in a subset of melanomas, progression is much more complex and less linear in nature. Epidemiologic and experimental observations in melanoma metastasis are reviewed here and are incorporated into a comprehensive model for melanoma metastasis, which takes into account the varied natural history of melanoma formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Damsky
- 1] Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA [2] Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - N Theodosakis
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Bosenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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The synthetic flavonoid WYC02-9 inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth through ROS-mediated activation of MAPK14 pathway. Life Sci 2013; 92:1081-92. [PMID: 23624232 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In this study, we explored the anti-cancer activity of WYC02-9, a synthetic protoapigenone, on human HCT116 CRC cells. MAIN METHODS The anti-cancer activity of WYC02-9 and its underlying mechanisms were analyzed using XTT cell proliferation assays, colony formation assays, FACS analysis, annexin V staining, immunoblotting analysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assays, soft agar assays, a nude mice xenograft study and immunohistochemistry assays. KEY FINDINGS Data showed that WYC02-9 suppressed CRC cell growth by arresting cells at G2/M and inducing cell death via apoptotic pathways. Further analysis demonstrated that WYC02-9-induced apoptosis was mediated by the activation of a ROS-mediated MAPK14 pathway. An in vivo xenograft study revealed that WYC02-9 enhanced MAP2K3/6 and MAPK14 phosphorylation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed CRC tumor growth. SIGNIFICANCE WYC02-9 exerts its anti-tumor effect via ROS/MAPK14-induced apoptosis and has the potential to be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent for CRC.
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45
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Ong CC, Jubb AM, Jakubiak D, Zhou W, Rudolph J, Haverty PM, Kowanetz M, Yan Y, Tremayne J, Lisle R, Harris AL, Friedman LS, Belvin M, Middleton MR, Blackwood EM, Koeppen H, Hoeflich KP. P21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) as a therapeutic target in BRAF wild-type melanoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013; 105:606-7. [PMID: 23535073 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although remarkable clinical response rates in melanoma have been observed using vemurafenib or dabrafenib in patients with tumors carrying oncogenic mutations in BRAF, a substantial unmet medical need remains for the subset of patients with wild-type BRAF tumors. METHODS To investigate the role of p21-activated kinases (PAKs) in melanoma, we determined PAK1 genomic copy number and protein expression for a panel of human melanoma tissues. PAK1 was inhibited in vitro and in vivo using RNA interference or PF-3758309 inhibitor treatment in a panel of melanoma cell lines with known BRAF and RAS (rat sarcoma) genotype to better understand its role in melanoma cell proliferation and migration. Tumorigenesis was assessed in vivo in female NCR nude mice and analyzed with cubic spline regression and area under the curve analyses. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Strong cytoplasmic PAK1 protein expression was prevalent in melanomas (27%) and negatively associated with activating mutation of the BRAF oncogene (P < .001). Focal copy number gain of PAK1 at 11q13 was also observed in 9% of melanomas (n = 87; copy number ≥ 2.5) and was mutually exclusive with BRAF mutation (P < .005). Selective PAK1 inhibition attenuated signaling through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as well as cytoskeleton-regulating pathways to modulate the proliferation and migration of BRAF wild-type melanoma cells. Treatment of BRAF wild-type melanomas with PF-3758309 PAK inhibitor decreased tumor growth for SK-MEL23 and 537MEL xenografts (91% and 63% inhibition, respectively; P < .001) and MAPK pathway activation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results provide evidence for a functional role of PAK1 in BRAF wild-type melanoma and therapeutic use of PAK inhibitors in this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy C Ong
- Department of Translational Oncology Genentech, MS 50, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Yan Q, Bach DQ, Gatla N, Sun P, Liu JW, Lu JY, Paller AS, Wang XQ. Deacetylated GM3 promotes uPAR-associated membrane molecular complex to activate p38 MAPK in metastatic melanoma. Mol Cancer Res 2013; 11:665-75. [PMID: 23525268 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-12-0270-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
GM3, the simplest ganglioside, regulates cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by influencing cell signaling at the membrane level. Although the classic N-acetylated form of GM3 (NeuAcLacCer) is commonly expressed and has been well studied, deacetylated GM3 (NeuNH2LacCer, d-GM3) has been poorly investigated, despite its presence in metastatic tumors but not in noninvasive melanomas or benign nevi. We have recently found that d-GM3 stimulates cell migration and invasion by activating urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) signaling to augment matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) function. However, the mechanisms by which d-GM3/uPAR increase MMP-2 expression and activation are not clear. By modifying the expression of d-GM3 genetically and biochemically, we found that decreasing d-GM3 expression inhibits, whereas overexpressing d-GM3 stimulates, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity to influence MMP-2 expression and activation. p38 MAPK (p38) activation requires the formation of a membrane complex that contains uPAR, caveolin-1, and integrin α5β1 in membrane lipid rafts. In addition, knocking down or inhibiting focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), or Src kinase significantly reduces d-GM3-induced p38 phosphorylation and activation. Taken together, these results suggest that d-GM3 enhances the metastatic phenotype by activating p38 signaling through uPAR/integrin signaling with FAK, PI3K, and Src kinase as intermediates. Elucidation of the mechanisms by which d-GM3, a newly discovered, potential biomarker of metastatic melanomas, promotes cell metastasis will help us to understand the function of d-GM3 in metastatic melanomas and may lead to novel GM3-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Yan
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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Errico MC, Felicetti F, Bottero L, Mattia G, Boe A, Felli N, Petrini M, Bellenghi M, Pandha HS, Calvaruso M, Tripodo C, Colombo MP, Morgan R, Carè A. The abrogation of the HOXB7/PBX2 complex induces apoptosis in melanoma through the miR-221&222-c-FOS pathway. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:879-92. [PMID: 23400877 PMCID: PMC3812682 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the fastest increasing cancer worldwide. Although several molecular abnormalities have been associated with melanoma progression, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown and few targeted therapies are under evaluation. Here we show that the HOXB7/PBX2 dimer acts as a positive transcriptional regulator of the oncogenic microRNA-221 and -222. In addition, demonstrating c-FOS as a direct target of miR-221&222, we identify a HOXB7/PBX2→miR-221&222 →c-FOS regulatory link, whereby the abrogation of functional HOXB7/PBX2 dimers leads to reduced miR-221&222 transcription and elevated c-FOS expression with consequent cell death. Taking advantage of the treatment with the peptide HXR9, an antagonist of HOX/PBX dimerization, we recognize miR-221&222 as effectors of its action, in turn confirming the HXR9 efficacy in the treatment of human melanoma malignancy, whilst sparing normal human melanocytes. Our findings, besides suggesting the potential therapeutic of HXR9 or its derivatives in malignant melanoma, suggest the disruption of the HOXB7/PBX2 complexes, miR-221&222 inhibition or even better their combination, as innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cristina Errico
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Wierstra I. FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) in tumorigenesis: overexpression in human cancer, implication in tumorigenesis, oncogenic functions, tumor-suppressive properties, and target of anticancer therapy. Adv Cancer Res 2013; 119:191-419. [PMID: 23870513 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407190-2.00016-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
FOXM1 (Forkhead box M1) is a typical proliferation-associated transcription factor and is also intimately involved in tumorigenesis. FOXM1 stimulates cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by promoting the entry into S-phase and M-phase. Additionally, FOXM1 is required for proper execution of mitosis. In accordance with its role in stimulation of cell proliferation, FOXM1 exhibits a proliferation-specific expression pattern and its expression is regulated by proliferation and anti-proliferation signals as well as by proto-oncoproteins and tumor suppressors. Since these factors are often mutated, overexpressed, or lost in human cancer, the normal control of the foxm1 expression by them provides the basis for deregulated FOXM1 expression in tumors. Accordingly, FOXM1 is overexpressed in many types of human cancer. FOXM1 is intimately involved in tumorigenesis, because it contributes to oncogenic transformation and participates in tumor initiation, growth, and progression, including positive effects on angiogenesis, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated lung inflammation, self-renewal capacity of cancer cells, prevention of premature cellular senescence, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. However, in the context of urethane-induced lung tumorigenesis, FOXM1 has an unexpected tumor suppressor role in endothelial cells because it limits pulmonary inflammation and canonical Wnt signaling in epithelial lung cells, thereby restricting carcinogenesis. Accordingly, FOXM1 plays a role in homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks and maintenance of genomic stability, that is, prevention of polyploidy and aneuploidy. The implication of FOXM1 in tumorigenesis makes it an attractive target for anticancer therapy, and several antitumor drugs have been reported to decrease FOXM1 expression.
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Zhang W, Lan Y, Huang Q, Hua Z. Galangin induces B16F10 melanoma cell apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway and sustained activation of p38 MAPK. Cytotechnology 2012; 65:447-55. [PMID: 23001390 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-012-9499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin, an active flavonoid present at high concentration in Alpinia officinarum Hance and propolis, shows cytotoxicity towards several cancer cell lines, including melanoma. However, the specific cellular targets of galangin-induced cytotoxicity in melanoma are still unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of galangin in B16F10 melanoma cells and explored the possible molecular mechanisms. Galangin significantly decreased cell viability of B16F10 cells, and also induced cell apoptosis shown by Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V-PI double staining flow cytometric assay. Furthermore, upon galangin treatment, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential was observed by JC-1 staining. Western blotting analysis indicated that galangin activated apoptosis signaling cascades by cleavage of procaspase-9, procaspase-3 and PARP in B16F10 cells. Moreover, galangin significantly induced activation of phosphor-p38 MAPK in a time and dose dependent manner. SB203580, an inhibitor of p38, partially attenuated galangin-induced apoptosis in B16F10 cells. Taken together, this work suggests that galangin has the potential to be a promising agent for melanoma treatment and may be further evaluated as a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa Macau, China
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A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Pax3 axis regulates Brn-2 expression in melanoma. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:4674-83. [PMID: 22988297 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01067-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of transcription arising from mutations in key signaling pathways is a hallmark of cancer. In melanoma, the most aggressive and lethal form of skin cancer, the Brn-2 transcription factor (POU3F2) regulates proliferation and invasiveness and lies downstream from mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Wnt/β-catenin, two melanoma-associated signaling pathways. In vivo Brn-2 represses expression of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, MITF, to drive cells to a more stem cell-like and invasive phenotype. Given the key role of Brn-2 in regulating melanoma biology, understanding the signaling pathways that drive Brn-2 expression is an important issue. Here, we show that inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling reduces invasiveness of melanoma cells in culture and strongly inhibits Brn-2 expression. Pax3, a transcription factor regulating melanocyte lineage-specific genes, directly binds and regulates the Brn-2 promoter, and Pax3 expression is also decreased upon PI3K inhibition. Collectively, our results highlight a crucial role for PI3K in regulating Brn-2 and Pax3 expression, reveal a mechanism by which PI3K can regulate invasiveness, and imply that PI3K signaling is a key determinant of melanoma subpopulation diversity. Together with our previous work, the results presented here now place Brn-2 downstream of three melanoma-associated signaling pathways.
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