1
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Haque SS, Bennett BJ, Brewer TD, Morrissey K, Fleming LE, Gribble MO. Marine Protected Area Expansion and Country-Level Age-Standardized Adult Mortality. ECOHEALTH 2023; 20:236-248. [PMID: 38114749 PMCID: PMC10757699 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-023-01658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Many countries have adopted targets to increase marine protected areas (MPAs) to limit the degradation of water bodies. Although there is evidence that MPAs can conserve marine life and promote biodiversity, there are limited data on the human health implications of MPAs. Using panel data from 1990, 2000, and 2014, we estimated the country-level associations between MPAs (i.e., percentage of territorial waters designated as marine reserves) and age-standardized mortality (i.e., age-standardized probability of dying between 15 and 60 years from all-causes among ages 15-60/100,000 population) by sex, among 110 countries. We fit mixed-effects linear regression models of mortality as a function of current MPA coverage, gross domestic product growth, year, the prior extent of MPA, electricity coverage, governance, and country-level random effects. We observed a significant inverse association between current MPA coverage and adult mortality. For each 5-percentage-point increase in current MPA coverage, a country had 0.982 times the geometric means of female and male mortality [geometric mean ratio: 0.982 (95% CI 0·976, 0·988)] conditional on past %MPA coverage and other modeled variables. The model showed no significant residual association of mortality with past %MPA conditional on current %MPA and other modeled variables. This is one of the first studies to show a positive association between increasing marine conservation and human health. This macro-level study suggests there may be important co-benefits for human health from expanding MPAs that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina S Haque
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Mailstop 1518-002-2BB, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Baylin J Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Thomas D Brewer
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, Building 233, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- Division of Climate and Energy Policy, Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej 1 Bygning 101A, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lora E Fleming
- European Centre for the Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro Cornwall, TR1 3HD, UK
| | - Matthew O Gribble
- Department of Medicine, Division of Occupational, Environmental and Climate Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 490 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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2
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Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on SCUBA diving experience in marine protected areas. JOURNAL OF OUTDOOR RECREATION AND TOURISM 2022. [PMID: 37521255 PMCID: PMC8890976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jort.2022.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Faced with the need for isolation of most people to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, a great concern for the well-being of the population has resurfaced. Considering the numerous benefits of outdoor activities to human health and well-being, we assessed whether the quality of the experience of recreational divers in a marine protected area (MPA) was impacted during the pandemic. We applied a semi-structured questionnaire to divers, collected their socioeconomic profile, preferences, motivations, experiences, and compared the results with those obtained in the previous season. We found that the quality of the recreational diver's experience remained high even during one of the world's biggest health crises. This suggests that the combination of contact with a preserved environment and the adaptation of regulations in favor of visitor safety was enough to stimulate positive experiences. Therefore, we highlight the importance of investing in adaptive management so that MPAs continue to promote ecosystem services such as human health and subjective well-being. Management implications •Quality of experience for recreational divers remained high and was unaffected after the first major wave of COVID-19 cases.•Through adaptive tourism management, MPAs can promote positive experiences even in challenging contexts.•High impact of environmental attributes on the quality of divers' experience reinforces that threats to ecosystems are social impacts.•Socially unequal access to benefits generated by MPAs may negatively influence population's support for these areas.•Efforts are needed to strengthen the equity of distribution of positive social impacts in MPAs.•Potential to provide positive experiences for users must be seen beyond economic value, but as an investment in the population's subjective well-being.
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3
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Ferreira HM, Magris RA, Floeter SR, Ferreira CEL. Drivers of ecological effectiveness of marine protected areas: A meta-analytic approach from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Brazil). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113889. [PMID: 34610560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid global increase in the number and extent of marine protected areas (MPAs), there is a need for methods that enable an assessment of their actual contribution to biodiversity conservation. In Brazil, where MPAs have been designated to replenish biodiversity, there is a lack of regional-scale analysis of MPA impacts and the factors related to positive ecological change. This study aims to quantify the magnitude of the ecological effects of Brazilian MPAs and test whether some study and MPA characteristics (e.g., taxonomic group studied, exploitation level of species, MPA area, protection time, management effectiveness, level of connectedness, etc.) were underlying factors associated with their performance. We conducted a structured search in a database of scientific articles, selecting comparative studies of direct biodiversity metrics inside and outside MPAs offering different protection levels (i.e., fully- or partially-protected MPAs) or within MPAs with distinct zones. We then carried out a meta-analysis based on 424 observations found in 18 articles. Averaged across all studies, we found that MPAs had a 17% increase in the abundance of species, length of individuals, and community diversity. When compared to open-access areas, fully-protected MPAs increased biodiversity by 45%. However, MPAs offering partial protection had variable effects, ranging from significant positive to significant negative effects. MPA effects depended on the taxonomic group and exploitation level of species, with the strongest positive effects seen on exploited fish species and benthic invertebrates. Partially-protected MPAs that reported strong positive effects required long time of protection (>15years) and high level of connectivity. Conversely, fully-protected MPAs (i.e., no-take ones) could be effective even when small, under intense fishing pressure in their surroundings, and regardless of their level of connectivity. We used the Brazilian MPAs as a case study, but these results can contribute to a more comprehensive assessment of the association between ecological impacts of MPAs and drivers of conservation success, and offer key information to consolidate MPA networks that sustain biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harildon M Ferreira
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Environment, Brasilia, Brazil.
| | - Rafael A Magris
- Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Environment, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Sergio R Floeter
- Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Zoology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carlos E L Ferreira
- Reef Systems Ecology and Conservation Lab, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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Renchen GF, Butler CB, Matthews TR. Marine debris knows no boundaries: Characteristics of debris accumulation in marine protected areas of the Florida Keys. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:112957. [PMID: 34555780 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine debris is a persistent and pervasive threat worldwide including inside marine protected areas (MPAs). To assess marine debris accumulation rates and potential impacts, we counted and evaluated trap, non-trap fishing gear, and non-fishing debris in unprotected areas and MPAs with different management boundary regulations in the Florida Keys (USA). Analyses identified that neither MPA type nor size were strong drivers of debris density and that debris densities were not statistically different between unprotected areas and MPAs. Non-fishing and non-trap fishing gear debris densities were potentially related to unexplored local differences in human behavior, while trap debris density was likely associated with oceanographic forces that transported traps into the MPAs. Overall, our results suggested that the drivers of marine debris accumulation for each debris category were different and may vary with each individual MPA, and that marine debris is not constrained by MPA boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle F Renchen
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, South Florida Regional Laboratory, 2796 Overseas Hwy, Suite 119, Marathon, FL 33050, USA.
| | - Casey B Butler
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, South Florida Regional Laboratory, 2796 Overseas Hwy, Suite 119, Marathon, FL 33050, USA
| | - Thomas R Matthews
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, South Florida Regional Laboratory, 2796 Overseas Hwy, Suite 119, Marathon, FL 33050, USA
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5
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Grorud-Colvert K, Sullivan-Stack J, Roberts C, Constant V, Horta E Costa B, Pike EP, Kingston N, Laffoley D, Sala E, Claudet J, Friedlander AM, Gill DA, Lester SE, Day JC, Gonçalves EJ, Ahmadia GN, Rand M, Villagomez A, Ban NC, Gurney GG, Spalding AK, Bennett NJ, Briggs J, Morgan LE, Moffitt R, Deguignet M, Pikitch EK, Darling ES, Jessen S, Hameed SO, Di Carlo G, Guidetti P, Harris JM, Torre J, Kizilkaya Z, Agardy T, Cury P, Shah NJ, Sack K, Cao L, Fernandez M, Lubchenco J. The MPA Guide: A framework to achieve global goals for the ocean. Science 2021; 373:eabf0861. [PMID: 34516798 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf0861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Grorud-Colvert
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Jenna Sullivan-Stack
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Callum Roberts
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Vanessa Constant
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Barbara Horta E Costa
- Center of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.,School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Pike
- Marine Protection Atlas, Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA, 98103-9090, USA.,Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC 20004-2008, USA
| | - Naomi Kingston
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA.,UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Laffoley
- IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.,School of Public Policy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Enric Sala
- National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2190, USA
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, 75005 Paris, France.,Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Alan M Friedlander
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.,Pristine Seas, National Geography Society, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - David A Gill
- Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Sarah E Lester
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2190, USA
| | - Jon C Day
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Emanuel J Gonçalves
- Pristine Seas, National Geography Society, Washington, DC 20036, USA.,Duke University Marine Laboratory, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.,Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal.,Oceano Azul Foundation, Oceanário de Lisboa, Esplanada D. Carlos I,1990-005 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gabby N Ahmadia
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Matt Rand
- IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.,Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC 20004-2008, USA
| | - Angelo Villagomez
- IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.,Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC 20004-2008, USA
| | - Natalie C Ban
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK.,School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Georgina G Gurney
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Ana K Spalding
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.,Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), ISPA-Instituto Universitário, 1149-041 Lisbon, Portugal.,School of Public Policy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama; Coiba Scientific Station (Coiba AIP), Panama City, Panama.,Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Nathan J Bennett
- National Center for Scientific Research, PSL Université Paris, CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, Maison des Océans, 75005 Paris, France.,The Peopled Seas Initiative, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Johnny Briggs
- Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC 20004-2008, USA
| | | | - Russell Moffitt
- Marine Protection Atlas, Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA, 98103-9090, USA.,Pew Bertarelli Ocean Legacy Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, DC 20004-2008, USA
| | - Marine Deguignet
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ellen K Pikitch
- National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, USA.,School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Emily S Darling
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10460, USA
| | - Sabine Jessen
- Marine Protection Atlas, Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA, 98103-9090, USA.,National Ocean Program, Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society, Ottawa, ON K2P 0A4, Canada
| | - Sarah O Hameed
- The Peopled Seas Initiative, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Blue Parks Program, Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | | | - Paolo Guidetti
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Stazione Zoologica A. Dohrn-National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy.,National Research Council, Institute for the Study of Anthropic Impact and Sustainability in the Marine Environment (CNR-IAS), V16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Jean M Harris
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Gomeroy Avenue, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Jorge Torre
- Comunidad y Biodiversidad, A.C. Isla del Peruano 215, Col. Lomas de Miramar, Guaymas, Sonora, 85454, Mexico
| | - Zafer Kizilkaya
- Mediterranean Conservation Society, Bornova, Izmir 35100 Turkey
| | - Tundi Agardy
- Oceano Azul Foundation, Oceanário de Lisboa, Esplanada D. Carlos I,1990-005 Lisbon, Portugal.,Sound Seas, Colrain, MA 01340, USA
| | - Philippe Cury
- Center of Marine Sciences, CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.,MARBEC, Montpellier University, CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, Sète, France
| | - Nirmal J Shah
- School of Public Policy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.,Nature Seychelles, Centre for Environment and Education, Sanctuary at Roche Caiman, Mahe, Seychelles
| | - Karen Sack
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037, USA.,Ocean Unite, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Ling Cao
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 230000, China
| | - Miriam Fernandez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama; Coiba Scientific Station (Coiba AIP), Panama City, Panama.,Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas de Las Cruces and Departmento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jane Lubchenco
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
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6
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Liu JM, Borazon EQ, Muñoz KE. Critical problems associated with climate change: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Philippine fisheries research. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49425-49433. [PMID: 34345986 PMCID: PMC8330821 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes to analyze the scientific production on climate change and fisheries in the Philippine context. This research theme was chosen considering the continuous increase in scientific studies related to climate change and fisheries and will therefore help in directing researchers on future directions for research to aid in addressing critical issues in the Philippine fisheries. A total of 69 search articles were extracted using the set criteria, indexed in Web of Science, and Scopus, covering the period from 1960 to 2020. After careful screening for eligibility, twenty-seven full-text articles were chosen for qualitative synthesis. Among the literature reviewed, research foci were categorized into four: impacts assessment (56% or 15 studies) followed by management (22% or 6 studies), adaptation (15% or 4 studies), and perception (7% or 2 studies), and main themes were categorized into four: resource management (59%), economy and livelihood (19%), governance and stakeholder participation (11%), and community marginalization (11%). This review contributes to the literature by identifying research potentials and suggesting a prescriptive approach to Philippine fisheries and climate change studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Ming Liu
- Department of Fisheries Production and Management, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Elaine Quinatana Borazon
- International Graduate Program of Education and Human Development, College of Social Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- PhD Program of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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7
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Acton L, Gruby RL, Nakachi ʻA. Does polycentricity fit? Linking social fit with polycentric governance in a large-scale marine protected area. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112613. [PMID: 33901821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Scholars have theorized that polycentricity may produce benefits that promote effective, sustainable governance of complex social-ecological systems. Yet, little empirical research exists exploring whether and how these benefits emerge and what additional outcomes polycentric governance systems produce. This paper presents an empirical examination of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM), one of the longest-standing and largest marine protected areas in the world. Monument governance is structured as a polycentric system, including semi-autonomous decision-making groups and governance actors that interact across jurisdiction, geography, and decision-making levels. Through analysis of qualitative empirical data, we explore whether and how PMNM functions as theory predicts, with a particular focus on social fit and how it has evolved over time. Findings indicate that PMNM largely exhibits social fit for governance actors, and they add empirical support and additional nuance to theoretical understandings of functional polycentricity. Specifically, the case suggests additional contextual features that might promote social fit, including sufficient time and resources, clear communication and shared understanding, and socially astute and strategically savvy governance actors holding key governance positions. The article demonstrates that social fit can increase or decrease over time, and that different actors may perceive its presence and extent differently. These findings suggest avenues for additional research into how the enabling conditions of polycentric governance systems and the contextual features that enliven those systems in practice may interact and affect functionality and other outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Acton
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA; Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, 2545 Research Blvd, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA.
| | - Rebecca L Gruby
- Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, 2545 Research Blvd, Fort Collins, CO, 80526, USA.
| | - ʻAlohi Nakachi
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2500 Campus Rd, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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8
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Beazley L, Kenchington E, Korabik M, Fenton D, King M. Other effective area-based conservation measure promotes recovery in a cold-water coral reef. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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9
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Gollan N, Barclay K. 'It's not just about fish': Assessing the social impacts of marine protected areas on the wellbeing of coastal communities in New South Wales. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244605. [PMID: 33378377 PMCID: PMC7773243 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is about managing human behaviours, but decision-making processes have traditionally focussed on ecological aspects, treating social aspects as secondary. It is now becoming more evident that an equal focus on the ecological and social aspects is required. Without the collection of information about social aspect such as impacts and sharing this as well as ecological information with communities, MPAs are at higher risk of opposition and social acceptability problems. This paper explores the development of a wellbeing framework to understand the social aspects, including the impacts of MPAs on the wellbeing of local communities. This research investigates two case study MPAs: Cape Byron and Port Stephens-Great Lakes Marine Parks in New South Wales, Australia. The MPAs are multiple-use and were implemented in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The research began with a review of the literature, followed by fieldwork, including semi-structured qualitative interviews with community members. Through thematic coding of the interview transcripts in light of the literature on assessing the social impacts of MPAs, a community wellbeing framework of domains and associated attributes was developed to investigate social impacts. Our analysis shows; first, local perspectives are crucial to understanding social impacts. Second, understanding social impacts gives insight into the nature of trade-offs that occur in decision-making regarding MPAs. Third, the intangible social impacts experienced by local communities are just as significant as the tangible ones for understanding how MPAs operate. Fourth, governance impacts have been the most influential factor affecting the social acceptability of the case study parks. We argue that failure to address negative social impacts can undermine the legitimacy of MPAs. We propose that the framework will support policymakers to work towards more effective, equitable and socially sustainable MPAs by employing much-needed monitoring of human dimensions of conservation interventions at the community level to shape adaptive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Gollan
- Faculty of Arts and Social Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries (Fisheries), Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Nelson Bay, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Barclay
- Faculty of Arts and Social Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
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10
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A New Long-Term Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Program for the Knowledge and Management in Marine Protected Areas of the Mexican Caribbean. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the Mexican Caribbean, 15 marine protected areas (MPAs) have been established for managing and protecting marine ecosystems. These MPAs receive high anthropogenic pressure from coastal development, tourism, and fishing, all in synergy with climate change. To contribute to the MPAs’ effectiveness, it is necessary to provide a long-term observation system of the condition of marine ecosystems and species. Our study proposes the establishment of a new marine biodiversity monitoring program (MBMP) focusing on three MPAs of the Mexican Caribbean. Five conservation objects (COs) were defined (coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves, marine turtles, and sharks-rays) for their ecological relevance and the pressures they are facing. Coral reef, seagrass and mangroves have multiple biological, biogeochemical and physical interactions. Marine turtles are listed as endangered species, and the status of their populations is unknown in the marine area of the MPAs. Elasmobranchs play a key role as top and medium predators, and their populations have been poorly studied. Indicators were proposed for monitoring each CO. As a technological innovation, all information obtained from the MBMP will be uploaded to the Coastal Marine Information and Analysis System (SIMAR), a public, user-friendly and interactive web platform that allows for automatic data management and processing.
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11
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Quintana AC, Basurto X. Community‐based conservation strategies to end open access: The case of Fish Refuges in Mexico. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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12
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Pita C, Horta e Costa B, Franco G, Coelho R, Sousa I, Gonçalves EJ, Gonçalves JM, Erzini K. Fisher's perceptions about a marine protected area over time. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Miller AE, Davenport A, Chen S, Hart C, Gary D, Fitzpatrick B, Muflihati, Kartikawati, Sudaryanti, Sagita N. Using a participatory impact assessment framework to evaluate a community‐led mangrove and fisheries conservation approach in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam E. Miller
- Yayasan Planet Indonesia Kalimantan Barat Indonesia
- Planet Indonesia – USA Saint Louis MO USA
| | | | - Stephanie Chen
- Yayasan Planet Indonesia Kalimantan Barat Indonesia
- Planet Indonesia – USA Saint Louis MO USA
| | | | - Demi Gary
- Planet Indonesia – USA Saint Louis MO USA
| | - Ben Fitzpatrick
- Oceanwise Australia Exmouth WA Australia
- University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia
| | - Muflihati
- Fakultas KehutananUniversitas Tanjungpura Kalimantan Barat Indonesia
| | - Kartikawati
- Fakultas KehutananUniversitas Tanjungpura Kalimantan Barat Indonesia
| | - Sudaryanti
- Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Kalimantan Barat Indonesia
| | - Novia Sagita
- Yayasan Planet Indonesia Kalimantan Barat Indonesia
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Opportunities to close the gap between science and practice for Marine Protected Areas in Brazil. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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15
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Scianna C, Niccolini F, Giakoumi S, Di Franco A, Gaines SD, Bianchi CN, Scaccia L, Bava S, Cappanera V, Charbonnel E, Culioli JM, Di Carlo G, De Franco F, Dimitriadis C, Panzalis P, Santoro P, Guidetti P. Organization Science improves management effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 240:285-292. [PMID: 30952049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ecological management effectiveness (EME) of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is the degree to which MPAs reach their ecological goals. The significant variability of EME among MPAs has been partly explained by MPA design, management and implementation features (e.g. surface area, enforcement, age of protection). We investigated EME variability by employing, for the first time, Organization Science. Eight Mediterranean MPAs were taken into account as case studies to explore the relationships between EME and MPA features, such as: 1) organizational size (i.e. the ratio between the number of full-time employees and the total MPA surface area), 2) management performance (i.e. the level of effort exerted to enhance and sustain the MPA management, including enforcement), 3) total surface area, and 4) MPA age. The log-response ratios of fish biomass and density in protected vs unprotected (control) areas were used as a proxy of EME. Management performance, organizational size and, to a lesser extent, MPA age were positively correlated with the log-response ratio of fish biomass, whereas total surface area did not display a significant role. None of the four features considered was significantly correlated with the log-response ratio of fish density. Based on our findings, we argue that the employment of Organization Science in the management effectiveness assessment can assist MPA managers to reach MPAs goals more effectively, with a more efficient use of available resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scianna
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
| | - Federico Niccolini
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Pisa, via C. Ridolfi 10, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sylvaine Giakoumi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antonio Di Franco
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Steven D Gaines
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Carlo Nike Bianchi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luisa Scaccia
- Department of Economics and Law, University of Macerata, Via Crescimbeni 20, 62100 Macerata, Italy
| | - Simone Bava
- Marine Protected Area of Isola di Bergeggi, Via A. de Mari 28/D, 17028 Bergeggi, Italy
| | - Valentina Cappanera
- Marine Protected Area of Portofino, V. le Rainusso, 1-16038 S. Margherita Ligure, Italy
| | - Eric Charbonnel
- Marine Park of Côte Bleue, Observatoire PMCB-plage du Rouet, 31 Avenue Jean Bart, B.P 42, 13620 Carry-le-Rouet, France
| | - Jean-Michel Culioli
- Office of the Environment of Corsica, Natural Reserve of Bouches de Bonifacio, 20250 Corte, France
| | | | - Francesco De Franco
- Marine Protected Area of Torre Guaceto, Via Sant'Anna 6, 72012 Carovigno, Italy
| | - Charalampos Dimitriadis
- National Marine Park of Zakynthos, 1 Eleftheriou Venizelou str, Z.C, 291 00 Zakynthos, Greece
| | - Pier Panzalis
- Marine Protected Area of Tavolara-Punta Coda Cavallo, via Dante 1, 07026 Olbia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Santoro
- Marine Protected Area of Isole Tremiti, Via Sant'Antonio Abate 121, 71037 Monte Sant'Angelo, Italy
| | - Paolo Guidetti
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France; Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Sciences (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
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16
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Rolim FA, Langlois T, Rodrigues PFC, Bond T, Motta FS, Neves LM, Gadig OBF. Network of small no-take marine reserves reveals greater abundance and body size of fisheries target species. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0204970. [PMID: 30629577 PMCID: PMC6328244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
No-take marine reserves (NTRs), i.e. areas with total fishing restrictions, have been established worldwide aiming to promote biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. Brazil has 3.3% of its exclusive economic zone protected by 73 different NTRs, however, most of them currently lack scientific knowledge and understanding of their ecological role, particularly regarding rocky reefs in subtropical regions. In this context, this study aimed to contrast a network of NTRs with comparable fished sites across a coastal biogeographic gradient to investigate the effect of fishing and habitat variability on the abundance and body size of rocky reef fish. We used Baited Remote Underwater stereo-Video (stereo-BRUVs) and Diver Operated stereo-Video (stereo-DOVs) systems to simultaneously sample reef fish and habitat. Model selection and results identified habitat and biogeographic variables, such as distance from shore, as important predictor variables, explaining several aspects of the fish assemblage. The effect of protection was important in determining the abundance and body size of targeted species, in particular for epinephelids and carangids. Conversely, species richness was correlated with habitat complexity but not with protection status. This is the first study using these survey methods in the Southwestern Atlantic, demonstrating how a network of NTRs can provide benchmarks for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A. Rolim
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Rio Claro, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Elasmobrânquios, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Tim Langlois
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pedro F. C. Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Elasmobrânquios, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Todd Bond
- The UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia (UWA), Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fábio S. Motta
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M. Neves
- Departamento de Ciências do Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Campus Três Rios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otto B. F. Gadig
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Elasmobrânquios, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Hogg OT, Huvenne VAI, Griffiths HJ, Linse K. On the ecological relevance of landscape mapping and its application in the spatial planning of very large marine protected areas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:384-398. [PMID: 29353784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years very large marine protected areas (VLMPAs) have become the dominant form of spatial protection in the marine environment. Whilst seen as a holistic and geopolitically achievable approach to conservation, there is currently a mismatch between the size of VLMPAs, and the data available to underpin their establishment and inform on their management. Habitat mapping has increasingly been adopted as a means of addressing paucity in biological data, through use of environmental proxies to estimate species and community distribution. Small-scale studies have demonstrated environmental-biological links in marine systems. Such links, however, are rarely demonstrated across larger spatial scales in the benthic environment. As such, the utility of habitat mapping as an effective approach to the ecosystem-based management of VLMPAs remains, thus far, largely undetermined. The aim of this study was to assess the ecological relevance of broadscale landscape mapping. Specifically we test the relationship between broad-scale marine landscapes and the structure of their benthic faunal communities. We focussed our work at the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia, site of one of the largest MPAs in the world. We demonstrate a statistically significant relationship between environmentally derived landscape mapping clusters, and the composition of presence-only species data from the region. To demonstrate this relationship required specific re-sampling of historical species occurrence data to balance biological rarity, biological cosmopolitism, range-restricted sampling and fine-scale heterogeneity between sampling stations. The relationship reveals a distinct biological signature in the faunal composition of individual landscapes, attributing ecological relevance to South Georgia's environmentally derived marine landscape map. We argue therefore, that landscape mapping represents an effective framework for ensuring representative protection of habitats in management plans. Such scientific underpinning of marine spatial planning is critical in balancing the needs of multiple stakeholders whilst maximising conservation payoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver T Hogg
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK; National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Southampton, UK; University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
| | - Veerle A I Huvenne
- National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Southampton, UK
| | - Huw J Griffiths
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
| | - Katrin Linse
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OET, UK
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18
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Analysing Ecosystem User Perceptions of the Governance Interactions Surrounding a Brazilian Near Shore Coral Reef. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10051464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Alexander SM, Epstein G, Bodin Ö, Armitage D, Campbell D. Participation in planning and social networks increase social monitoring in community‐based conservation. Conserv Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Alexander
- National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center Maryland United States
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Sweden
| | - Graham Epstein
- Environmental Change and Governance Group, School of Environment, Resources, and Sustainability University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada
| | - Örjan Bodin
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Sweden
| | - Derek Armitage
- Environmental Change and Governance Group, School of Environment, Resources, and Sustainability University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada
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20
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Sherley RB, Botha P, Underhill LG, Ryan PG, van Zyl D, Cockcroft AC, Crawford RJM, Dyer BM, Cook TR. Defining ecologically relevant scales for spatial protection with long-term data on an endangered seabird and local prey availability. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2017; 31:1312-1321. [PMID: 28248436 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human activities are important drivers of marine ecosystem functioning. However, separating the synergistic effects of fishing and environmental variability on the prey base of nontarget predators is difficult, often because prey availability estimates on appropriate scales are lacking. Understanding how prey abundance at different spatial scales links to population change can help integrate the needs of nontarget predators into fisheries management by defining ecologically relevant areas for spatial protection. We investigated the local population response (number of breeders) of the Bank Cormorant (Phalacrocorax neglectus), a range-restricted endangered seabird, to the availability of its prey, the heavily fished west coast rock lobster (Jasus lalandii). Using Bayesian state-space modeled cormorant counts at 3 colonies, 22 years of fisheries-independent data on local lobster abundance, and generalized additive modeling, we determined the spatial scale pertinent to these relationships in areas with different lobster availability. Cormorant numbers responded positively to lobster availability in the regions with intermediate and high abundance but not where regime shifts and fishing pressure had depleted lobster stocks. The relationships were strongest when lobsters 20-30 km offshore of the colony were considered, a distance greater than the Bank Cormorant's foraging range when breeding, and may have been influenced by prey availability for nonbreeding birds, prey switching, or prey ecology. Our results highlight the importance of considering the scale of ecological relationships in marine spatial planning and suggest that designing spatial protection around focal species can benefit marine predators across their full life cycle. We propose the precautionary implementation of small-scale marine protected areas, followed by robust assessment and adaptive-management, to confirm population-level benefits for the cormorants, their prey, and the wider ecosystem, without negative impacts on local fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Sherley
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, U.K
- Animal Demography Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Philna Botha
- Animal Demography Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Les G Underhill
- Animal Demography Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Danie van Zyl
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew C Cockcroft
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J M Crawford
- Animal Demography Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), P.O. Box 52126, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Bruce M Dyer
- Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), P.O. Box 52126, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa
| | - Timothée R Cook
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Evolutionary Eco-physiology Team, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Bâtiment A-7ème étage, 7 quai, St Bernard, 75005, Paris, France
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21
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Madrigal-Ballestero R, Albers HJ, Capitán T, Salas A. Marine protected areas in Costa Rica: How do artisanal fishers respond? AMBIO 2017; 46:787-796. [PMID: 28497433 PMCID: PMC5622885 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-017-0921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Costa Rica is considering expanding their marine protected areas (MPAs) to conserve marine resources. Due to the importance of households' responses to an MPA in defining the MPA's ecological and economic outcomes, this paper uses an economic decision framework to interpret data from near-MPA household surveys to inform this policy discussion. The model and data suggest that the impact of expanding MPAs relies on levels of enforcement and on-shore wages. If larger near-shore MPAs can produce high wages through increased tourism, MPA expansions could provide ecological benefits with low burdens to communities. Due to distance costs and gear investments, however, MPAs farther off-shore may place high burdens on off-shore fishers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi J. Albers
- Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources, Department of Economics, University of Wyoming, Bim Kendall House, 804 E Fremont St, Laramie, WY 82072 USA
| | - Tabaré Capitán
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Wyoming, Department 3985, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, 82071 USA
| | - Ariana Salas
- Economics and Environment for Development (EEfD), CATIE, Turrialba, Cartago Costa Rica
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22
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Mascia MB, Fox HE, Glew L, Ahmadia GN, Agrawal A, Barnes M, Basurto X, Craigie I, Darling E, Geldmann J, Gill D, Holst Rice S, Jensen OP, Lester SE, McConney P, Mumby PJ, Nenadovic M, Parks JE, Pomeroy RS, White AT. A novel framework for analyzing conservation impacts: evaluation, theory, and marine protected areas. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1399:93-115. [PMID: 28719737 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conservation initiatives, including marine protected areas (MPAs), have proliferated in recent decades. Designed to conserve marine biodiversity, many MPAs also seek to foster sustainable development. As is the case for many other environmental policies and programs, the impacts of MPAs are poorly understood. Social-ecological systems, impact evaluation, and common-pool resource governance are three complementary scientific frameworks for documenting and explaining the ecological and social impacts of conservation interventions. We review key components of these three frameworks and their implications for the study of conservation policy, program, and project outcomes. Using MPAs as an illustrative example, we then draw upon these three frameworks to describe an integrated approach for rigorous empirical documentation and causal explanation of conservation impacts. This integrated three-framework approach for impact evaluation of governance in social-ecological systems (3FIGS) accounts for alternative explanations, builds upon and advances social theory, and provides novel policy insights in ways that no single approach affords. Despite the inherent complexity of social-ecological systems and the difficulty of causal inference, the 3FIGS approach can dramatically advance our understanding of, and the evidentiary basis for, effective MPAs and other conservation initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Mascia
- Betty and Gordon Moore Center for Science, Conservation International, Arlington, Virginia
| | | | | | | | - Arun Agrawal
- School of Natural Resources & Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Megan Barnes
- Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii.,Centre for Excellence in Environmental Decisions, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xavier Basurto
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina
| | - Ian Craigie
- ARC Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emily Darling
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York
| | - Jonas Geldmann
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; and Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Gill
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC), Annapolis, Maryland.,Luc Hoffmann Institute, WWF International, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Susie Holst Rice
- Coral Reef Conservation Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Olaf P Jensen
- Institute of Marine & Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Sarah E Lester
- Department of Geography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Patrick McConney
- Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES), University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Peter J Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mateja Nenadovic
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina
| | | | - Robert S Pomeroy
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Connecticut-Avery Point, Groton, Connecticut
| | - Alan T White
- Asia-Pacific Program, The Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, Hawaii
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23
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Abstract
Coral reefs are severely threatened and a principal strategy for their conservation is marine protected areas (MPAs). However the drivers of MPA performance are complex and there are likely to be trade-offs between different types of performance (e.g. conservation or welfare related outcomes). We compiled a global dataset from expert knowledge for 76 coral reef MPAs in 33 countries and identified a set of performance measures reflecting ecological and socio-economic outcomes, achievement of aims and reduction of threats, using spatial or temporal comparisons wherever possible. We wanted to test the extent to which distinct types of performance occurred simultaneously, understood as win-win outcomes. Although certain performance measures were correlated, most were not, suggesting trade-offs that limit the usefulness of composite performance scores. Hypotheses were generated as to the impact of MPA features, aims, location, management and contextual variables on MPA performance from the literature. A multivariate analysis was used to test hypotheses as to the relative importance of these "drivers" on eight uncorrelated performance measures. The analysis supported some hypotheses (e.g. benefit provision for the local community improved performance), but not others (e.g. higher overall budget and more research activity did not). Factors endogenous to the MPA (such as size of the no-take area) were generally more significant drivers of performance than exogenous ones (such as national GDP). Different types of performance were associated with different drivers, exposing the trade-offs inherent in management decisions. The study suggests that managers are able to influence MPA performance in spite of external threats and could inform adaptive management by providing an approach to test for the effects of MPA features and management actions in different contexts and so to inform decisions for allocation of effort or funds to achieve specific goals.
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24
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Kent FEA, Mair JM, Newton J, Lindenbaum C, Porter JS, Sanderson WG. Commercially important species associated with horse mussel (Modiolus modiolus) biogenic reefs: A priority habitat for nature conservation and fisheries benefits. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:71-78. [PMID: 28222862 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Horse mussel reefs (Modiolus modiolus) are biodiversity hotspots afforded protection by Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the NE Atlantic. In this study, horse mussel reefs, cobble habitats and sandy habitats were assessed using underwater visual census and drop-down video techniques in three UK regions. Megafauna were enumerated, differences in community composition and individual species abundances were analysed. Samples of conspicuous megafauna were also collected from horse mussel reefs in Orkney for stable isotope analysis. Communities of conspicuous megafauna were different between horse mussel habitats and other habitats throughout their range. Three commercially important species: whelks (Buccinum undatum), queen scallops (Aequipecten opercularis) and spider crabs (Maja brachydactyla) were significantly more abundant (by as much as 20 times) on horse mussel reefs than elsewhere. Isotopic analysis provided insights into their trophic relationship with the horse mussel reef. Protection of M. modiolus habitat can achieve biodiversity conservation objectives whilst benefiting fisheries also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora E A Kent
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, EGIS, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - James M Mair
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, EGIS, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Jason Newton
- NERC Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK
| | | | - Joanne S Porter
- International Centre Island Technology, Heriot Watt University, Orkney Campus, The Old Academy, Back Road, Stromness, Orkney, Scotland KW16 3AW, UK
| | - William G Sanderson
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity & Biotechnology, EGIS, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK; St Abbs Marine Station, St Abbs, Scottish Borders, TD14 5PW, UK
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25
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Diedrich A, Stoeckl N, Gurney GG, Esparon M, Pollnac R. Social capital as a key determinant of perceived benefits of community-based marine protected areas. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2017; 31:311-321. [PMID: 27530721 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Globally, marine protected areas (MPAs) have been relatively unsuccessful in meeting biodiversity objectives. To be effective, they require some alteration of people's use and access to marine resources, which they will resist if they do not perceive associated benefits. Stakeholders' support is crucial to ecological success of MPAs, and their support is likely to depend on their capacity to adapt to and benefit from MPAs. We examined the influence of social adaptive capacity (SAC) on perceived benefits of MPAs in Siquijor, Philippines, in the Coral Triangle. This region has substantial biodiversity and a population of over 120 million people, many of them dependent on marine resources for food and income. The region has many MPAs, most of which are managed under decentralized governance systems. We collected survey data from 540 households in 19 villages with associated MPAs. We evaluated the influence of multiple SAC variables (e.g., occupational multiplicity and social capital) on perceived benefits with decision trees (CHAID) and qualitatively analyzed this relationship with respect to types and recipients of benefits. Our models revealed the key role of social capital, particularly trust in leadership, in influencing perceptions of benefits (χ2 = 14.762, p = 0.000). A path analysis revealed that perceptions of distributional equity were a key mechanism through which social capital affected perceived MPA benefits (root mean-square error of approximation = 0.050). Building social capital and equity within communities could lead to more effective management of MPAs and thus to expenditure of fewer resources relative to, for example, regulation enforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Diedrich
- College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Building 034, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries & Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Natalie Stoeckl
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries & Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
- College of Business, Law & Governance, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Georgina G Gurney
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Michelle Esparon
- College of Business, Law & Governance, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Richard Pollnac
- Department of Marine Affairs, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, U.S.A
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Partelow S, Schlüter A, von Wehrden H, Jänig M, Senff P. A Sustainability Agenda for Tropical Marine Science. Conserv Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Partelow
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT); Fahrenheitstr. 6 Bremen Germany
- Jacobs University; Campus Ring Road 1 Bremen Germany
| | - Achim Schlüter
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT); Fahrenheitstr. 6 Bremen Germany
- Jacobs University; Campus Ring Road 1 Bremen Germany
| | | | - Manuel Jänig
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT); Fahrenheitstr. 6 Bremen Germany
| | - Paula Senff
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT); Fahrenheitstr. 6 Bremen Germany
- University of Bremen; Bremen 28359 Germany
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Gurney GG, Pressey RL, Cinner JE, Pollnac R, Campbell SJ. Integrated conservation and development: evaluating a community-based marine protected area project for equality of socioeconomic impacts. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0277. [PMID: 26460130 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of protected areas, evidence of their impacts on people is weak and remains hotly contested in conservation policy. A key question in this debate is whether socioeconomic impacts vary according to social subgroup. Given that social inequity can create conflict and impede poverty reduction, understanding how protected areas differentially affect people is critical to designing them to achieve social and biological goals. Understanding heterogeneous responses to protected areas can improve targeting of management activities and help elucidate the pathways through which impacts of protected areas occur. Here, we assessed whether the socioeconomic impacts of marine protected areas (MPAs)-designed to achieve goals for both conservation and poverty alleviation-differed according to age, gender or religion in associated villages in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Using data from pre-, mid- and post-implementation of the MPAs for control and project villages, we found little empirical evidence that impacts on five key socioeconomic indicators related to poverty differed according to social subgroup. We found suggestive empirical evidence that the effect of the MPAs on environmental knowledge differed by age and religion; over the medium and long terms, younger people and Muslims showed greater improvements compared with older people and Christians, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina G Gurney
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert L Pressey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua E Cinner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Pollnac
- Marine Affairs Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Stuart J Campbell
- Indonesia Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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Ahmadia GN, Glew L, Provost M, Gill D, Hidayat NI, Mangubhai S, Purwanto, Fox HE. Integrating impact evaluation in the design and implementation of monitoring marine protected areas. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:rstb.2014.0275. [PMID: 26460128 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Quasi-experimental impact evaluation approaches, which enable scholars to disentangle effects of conservation interventions from broader changes in the environment, are gaining momentum in the conservation sector. However, rigorous impact evaluation using statistical matching techniques to estimate the counterfactual have yet to be applied to marine protected areas (MPAs). While there are numerous studies investigating 'impacts' of MPAs that have generated considerable insights, results are variable. This variation has been linked to the biophysical and social context in which they are established, as well as attributes of management and governance. To inform decisions about MPA placement, design and implementation, we need to expand our understanding of conditions under which MPAs are likely to lead to positive outcomes by embracing advances in impact evaluation methodologies. Here, we describe the integration of impact evaluation within an MPA network monitoring programme in the Bird's Head Seascape, Indonesia. Specifically we (i) highlight the challenges of implementation 'on the ground' and in marine ecosystems and (ii) describe the transformation of an existing monitoring programme into a design appropriate for impact evaluation. This study offers one potential model for mainstreaming impact evaluation in the conservation sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabby N Ahmadia
- Oceans, World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Louise Glew
- Science and Innovation, World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Mikaela Provost
- Oceans, World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - David Gill
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC), 1 Park Place, Suite 300, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA Luc Hoffmann Institute, WWF International, Avenue du Mont-Blanc, 1196 Gland, Switzerland
| | - Nur Ismu Hidayat
- Conservation International, Raja Ampat Marine Program, Jl. Kedondong, Puncak Vihara, Sorong, 98414 West Papua, Indonesia
| | - Sangeeta Mangubhai
- The Nature Conservancy, Indonesia Marine Program, Jl. Sultan Hasanudin No. 31, Sorong 98414 West Papua, Indonesia Wildlife Conservation Society, Fiji Country Program, 11 Ma'afu Street, Suva, Fiji
| | - Purwanto
- The Nature Conservancy, Indonesia Marine Program, Jl. Sultan Hasanudin No. 31, Sorong 98414 West Papua, Indonesia
| | - Helen E Fox
- Research and Monitoring; Rare, Inc. 1310 N. Courthouse Rd, Ste 110, Arlington, VA 22201, USA
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29
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The efficacy of fisheries closure in rebuilding depleted stocks: Lessons from size-spectrum modeling. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bennett NJ. Using perceptions as evidence to improve conservation and environmental management. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2016; 30:582-92. [PMID: 26801337 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The conservation community is increasingly focusing on the monitoring and evaluation of management, governance, ecological, and social considerations as part of a broader move toward adaptive management and evidence-based conservation. Evidence is any information that can be used to come to a conclusion and support a judgment or, in this case, to make decisions that will improve conservation policies, actions, and outcomes. Perceptions are one type of information that is often dismissed as anecdotal by those arguing for evidence-based conservation. In this paper, I clarify the contributions of research on perceptions of conservation to improving adaptive and evidence-based conservation. Studies of the perceptions of local people can provide important insights into observations, understandings and interpretations of the social impacts, and ecological outcomes of conservation; the legitimacy of conservation governance; and the social acceptability of environmental management. Perceptions of these factors contribute to positive or negative local evaluations of conservation initiatives. It is positive perceptions, not just objective scientific evidence of effectiveness, that ultimately ensure the support of local constituents thus enabling the long-term success of conservation. Research on perceptions can inform courses of action to improve conservation and governance at scales ranging from individual initiatives to national and international policies. Better incorporation of evidence from across the social and natural sciences and integration of a plurality of methods into monitoring and evaluation will provide a more complete picture on which to base conservation decisions and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan James Bennett
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98105, U.S.A
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Kiatkoski Kim M, Evans L, Scherl LM, Marsh H. The User, not the Tool: Perceptions of Credibility and Relevance Affect the Uptake of Prioritisation. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 57:836-846. [PMID: 26753916 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-015-0653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Prioritisation methods have been used in conservation planning for over 20 years. The scientific literature focuses on the technical aspects of prioritisation, providing limited information on factors affecting the uptake of priorities. We focused on the Back on Track species prioritisation program in Queensland, Australia, used to prioritise species conservation efforts across Queensland from 2005. The program had low uptake by intended users. Our study aimed to identify the perceived limitations in the technical-scientific quality of this species-based prioritisation process and its outcomes in terms of credibility (scientific adequacy of the technical evidence) and relevance (of information to the needs of decision-makers). These criteria have been used to understand the uptake of scientific information in policy. We interviewed 73 key informants. Perceptions of credibility were affected by concerns related to the use of expert judgement (rather than empirical evidence) to assess species, impressions that key experts were not included in the planning process, and the lack of confidence in the information supporting prioritisation. We identified several trade-offs and synergies between the credibility and relevance of priorities to potential users. The relevance of the output plans was negatively affected by the lack of clarity about who were potential users and implementers of the priorities identified. We conclude with recommendations to enhance the credibility and relevance of such initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Kiatkoski Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, 4811, Australia.
| | - Louisa Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, 4811, Australia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Lea M Scherl
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Helene Marsh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, 4811, Australia
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Basurto X, Blanco E, Nenadovic M, Vollan B. Integrating simultaneous prosocial and antisocial behavior into theories of collective action. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501220. [PMID: 26973871 PMCID: PMC4783120 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Trust and cooperation constitute cornerstones of common-pool resource theory, showing that "prosocial" strategies among resource users can overcome collective action problems and lead to sustainable resource governance. Yet, antisocial behavior and especially the coexistence of prosocial and antisocial behaviors have received less attention. We broaden the analysis to include the effects of both "prosocial" and "antisocial" interactions. We do so in the context of marine protected areas (MPAs), the most prominent form of biodiversity conservation intervention worldwide. Our multimethod approach relied on lab-in-the-field economic experiments (n = 127) in two MPA and two non-MPA communities in Baja California, Mexico. In addition, we deployed a standardized fishers' survey (n = 544) to verify the external validity of our findings and expert informant interviews (n = 77) to develop potential explanatory mechanisms. In MPA sites, prosocial and antisocial behavior is significantly higher, and the presence of antisocial behavior does not seem to have a negative effect on prosocial behavior. We suggest that market integration, economic diversification, and strengthened group identity in MPAs are the main potential mechanisms for the simultaneity of prosocial and antisocial behavior we observed. This study constitutes a first step in better understanding the interaction between prosociality and antisociality as related to natural resources governance and conservation science, integrating literatures from social psychology, evolutionary anthropology, behavioral economics, and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Basurto
- Duke Marine Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Esther Blanco
- Department of Public Finance, Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria
- The Ostrom Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408, USA
| | - Mateja Nenadovic
- Duke Marine Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Björn Vollan
- Department of Public Finance, Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria
- School of Business and Economics, University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Marra S, Coppa S, Camedda A, Mazzoldi C, Wrachien F, Massaro G, de Lucia GA. Recovery Trends of Commercial Fish: The Case of an Underperforming Mediterranean Marine Protected Area. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146391. [PMID: 26741959 PMCID: PMC4704826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal trends in the recovery of exploited species in marine protected areas (MPAs) are useful for a proper assessment of the efficacy of protection measures. The effects of protection on the fish assemblages of the sublittoral rocky reefs in the “Penisola del Sinis-Isola di Mal di Ventre” MPA (W. Sardinia, Italy) were evaluated using a multi-year series of data. Four surveys, conducted 7, 10, 13 and 15 years after the area was designated as an MPA and carried out in the period spanning June and July, were used to estimate the abundance and biomass of commercial species. The surveys were carried out in zones with decreasing levels of fishing restrictions within the MPA (zones A, B, C) and in unprotected zones (OUT1 and OUT2), and underwater video visual census techniques were used. Protected zones only occasionally showed higher levels of abundance or biomass, and the trajectories of those metrics were not consistent across the years. In addition, the zone with the highest level of protection (zone A) never presented levels of abundance and biomass higher than those in zones B and C. This study shows that even 15 years after designation, protection has had no appreciable effect in the MPA studied. It is argued that this is emblematic of several shortcomings in the planning, regulation and enforcement frameworks of the MPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Marra
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment-National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Oristano, Italy
- Department of Ecology and Biology, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Stefania Coppa
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment-National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Oristano, Italy
| | - Andrea Camedda
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment-National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Oristano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Wrachien
- Marine Protected Area “Penisola del Sinis-Isola di Mal di Ventre”, Cabras, Italy
| | - Giorgio Massaro
- Marine Protected Area “Penisola del Sinis-Isola di Mal di Ventre”, Cabras, Italy
| | - G. Andrea de Lucia
- Institute for Coastal Marine Environment-National Research Council (IAMC-CNR), Oristano, Italy
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34
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Gruby RL, Gray NJ, Campbell LM, Acton L. Toward a Social Science Research Agenda for Large Marine Protected Areas. Conserv Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Gruby
- Department of Human Dimensions of Natural Resources; Colorado State University; CO USA
| | - Noella J. Gray
- Department of Geography; University of Guelph; Ontario Canada
| | - Lisa M. Campbell
- Nicholas School of the Environment; Duke University; Durham NC USA
| | - Leslie Acton
- Nicholas School of the Environment; Duke University; Durham NC USA
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Rogers AD, Yesson C, Gravestock P. A Biophysical and Economic Profile of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands as Potential Large-Scale Antarctic Protected Areas. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2015; 70:1-286. [PMID: 26296718 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The current hiatus in the establishment of a network of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Antarctic means that other routes to conservation are required. The protection of overseas territories in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic represents one way to advance the initiation of such a network. This review of the physical and biological features of the United Kingdom (U.K.) overseas territories of South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is undertaken to estimate the importance of the islands in terms of marine conservation in the Southern Ocean and globally. The economy and management of SGSSI are also analysed, and the question of whether the islands already have sufficient protection to constitute part of an Antarctic network of MPAs is assessed. The SGSSI comprise unique geological and physical features, a diverse marine biota, including a significant proportion of endemic species and globally important breeding populations of marine predators. Regardless of past exploitation of biotic resources, such as seals, whales and finfish, SGSSI would make a significant contribution to biological diversity in an Antarctic network of MPAs. At present, conservation measures do not adequately protect all of the biological features that render the islands so important in terms of conservation at a regional and global level. However, a general lack of data on Antarctic marine ecosystems (particularly needed for SGSSSI) makes it difficult to assess this fully. One barrier to achieving more complete protection is the continuing emphasis on fishing effort in these waters by U.K. government. Other non-U.K. Antarctic overseas territories of conservation importance are also compromised as MPAs because of the exploitation of fisheries resources in their waters. The possible non-use values of SGSSI as well as the importance of ecosystem services that are indirectly used by people are outlined in this review. Technology is improving the potential for management of remote MPAs, particularly in the context of incursion by illegal fishing activities and use of satellite surveillance for enforcement of fisheries and conservation regulations. The conflict between commercial exploitation and conservation of Antarctic marine living resources is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Rogers
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher Yesson
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom
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36
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A decision-support tool to facilitate discussion of no-take boundaries for Marine Protected Areas during stakeholder consultation processes. J Nat Conserv 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Assessing the effect of marine reserves on household food security in Kenyan coral reef fishing communities. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113614. [PMID: 25422888 PMCID: PMC4244085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring the success or failure of natural resource management is a key challenge to evaluate the impact of conservation for ecological, economic and social outcomes. Marine reserves are a popular tool for managing coastal ecosystems and resources yet surprisingly few studies have quantified the social-economic impacts of marine reserves on food security despite the critical importance of this outcome for fisheries management in developing countries. Here, I conducted semi-structured household surveys with 113 women heads-of-households to investigate the influence of two old, well-enforced, no-take marine reserves on food security in four coastal fishing communities in Kenya, East Africa. Multi-model information-theoretic inference and matching methods found that marine reserves did not influence household food security, as measured by protein consumption, diet diversity and food coping strategies. Instead, food security was strongly influenced by fishing livelihoods and household wealth: fishing families and wealthier households were more food secure than non-fishing and poorer households. These findings highlight the importance of complex social and economic landscapes of livelihoods, urbanization, power and gender dynamics that can drive the outcomes of marine conservation and management.
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38
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Maxwell SM, Ban NC, Morgan LE. Pragmatic approaches for effective management of pelagic marine protected areas. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2014. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Huijbers CM, Connolly RM, Pitt KA, Schoeman DS, Schlacher TA, Burfeind DD, Steele C, Olds AD, Maxwell PS, Babcock RC, Rissik D. Conservation Benefits of Marine Reserves are Undiminished Near Coastal Rivers and Cities. Conserv Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M. Huijbers
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast & Estuaries and School of Environment; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- School of Science & Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore DC QLD 4558 Australia
| | - Rod M. Connolly
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast & Estuaries and School of Environment; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Kylie A. Pitt
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast & Estuaries and School of Environment; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
| | - David S. Schoeman
- School of Science & Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore DC QLD 4558 Australia
| | - Thomas A. Schlacher
- School of Science & Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore DC QLD 4558 Australia
| | - Dana D. Burfeind
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast & Estuaries and School of Environment; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Queensland; St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Chantel Steele
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast & Estuaries and School of Environment; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Andrew D. Olds
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast & Estuaries and School of Environment; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
- School of Science & Engineering; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore DC QLD 4558 Australia
| | - Paul S. Maxwell
- Australian Rivers Institute - Coast & Estuaries and School of Environment; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
| | - Russell C. Babcock
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization; Marine and Atmospheric Research; Dutton Park QLD 4102 Australia
| | - David Rissik
- National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility; Griffith University; Gold Coast QLD 4222 Australia
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40
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Brown CJ, Abdullah S, Mumby PJ. Minimizing the Short-Term Impacts of Marine Reserves on Fisheries While Meeting Long-Term Goals for Recovery. Conserv Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Brown
- The Global Change Institute; The University of Queensland; St Lucia 4072 Australia
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia 4072 Australia
| | - Sabah Abdullah
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia 4072 Australia
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Lab; School of Biological Sciences; The University of Queensland; St Lucia 4072 Australia
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41
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Alexander SM, Armitage D. A Social Relational Network Perspective for MPA Science. Conserv Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Alexander
- Department of Environment and Resource Studies and Environmental Change and Governance Group; University of Waterloo; 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Derek Armitage
- Department of Environment and Resource Studies and Environmental Change and Governance Group; University of Waterloo; 200 University Avenue West Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1
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42
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Kusumawati R, Visser LE. Collaboration or Contention? Decentralised Marine Governance in Berau. ANTHROPOLOGICAL FORUM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00664677.2014.868783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Toonen RJ, Wilhelm T'A, Maxwell SM, Wagner D, Bowen BW, Sheppard CRC, Taei SM, Teroroko T, Moffitt R, Gaymer CF, Morgan L, Lewis N, Sheppard ALS, Parks J, Friedlander AM. One size does not fit all: the emerging frontier in large-scale marine conservation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 77:7-10. [PMID: 24246654 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
On the 20th anniversary of the Convention on Biological Diversity, a network of very large marine protected areas (the Big Ocean network) has emerged as a key strategy in the move to arrest marine decline and conserve some of the last remaining relatively undisturbed marine areas on the globe. Here we outline the ecological, economic and policy benefits of very large-scale MPAs and show their disproportionate value to global marine conservation targets. In particular we point out that very large-scale MPAs are a critical component of reaching the Aichi targets of protecting 10% of global marine habitats by 2020, because in addition to encompassing entire ecosystems, they will bring forward the expected date of achievement by nearly three decades (2025 as opposed to 2054). While the need for small MPAs remains critical, large MPAs will complement and enhance these conservation efforts. Big Ocean sites currently contain more than 80% of managed area in the sea, and provide our best hope for arresting the global decline in marine biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Toonen
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i, P.O. Box 1346, Kāne'ohe, HI 96744, USA.
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Marques AC, Carranza A. Politics should walk with science towards protection of the oceans. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 75:1-3. [PMID: 23993071 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio C Marques
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, R. Matão Tr.14, 101, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alvar Carranza
- Centro Universitario Regional Este - CURE, Universidad de la República, Maldonado, Uruguay and Área Biodiversidad y Conservación, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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45
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Leslie HM, Goldman E, McLeod KL, Sievanen L, Balasubramanian H, Cudney-Bueno R, Feuerstein A, Knowlton N, Lee K, Pollnac R, Samhouri JF. How good science and stories can go hand-in-hand. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2013; 27:1126-1129. [PMID: 23692176 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Leslie
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, U.S.A.; Center for Environmental Studies, Brown University, Box 1943, Providence, RI, 02912, U.S.A..
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46
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Rogers AD, Laffoley D. Introduction to the special issue: The global state of the ocean; interactions between stresses, impacts and some potential solutions. Synthesis papers from the International Programme on the State of the Ocean 2011 and 2012 workshops. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 74:491-494. [PMID: 23932732 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Rogers
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom.
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Rife AN, Erisman B, Sanchez A, Aburto-Oropeza O. When good intentions are not enough … Insights on networks of “paper park” marine protected areas. Conserv Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263x.2012.00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis N. Rife
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California San Diego; La Jolla; CA; USA
| | - Brad Erisman
- Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; University of California San Diego; La Jolla; CA; USA
| | - Alexandra Sanchez
- Centro para la Biodiversidad Marina y la Conservación; La Paz; Baja California Sur; Mexico
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Veitch L, Dulvy NK, Koldewey H, Lieberman S, Pauly D, Roberts CM, Rogers AD, Baillie JEM. Avoiding Empty Ocean Commitments at Rio+20. Science 2012; 336:1383-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1223009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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